Bactericide and application thereof in prevention and treatment of asparagus stem blight

Abstract

The invention discloses a bactericide and application thereof in prevention and treatment of asparagus stem blight, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. The bactericide for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of a semen plantaginis extract, 8-15 parts of a herba asari extract, 8-15 parts of a poria cocos extract and 40-60 parts of a gallnut extract. The bactericide is prepared from Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, occurrence and development of asparagus stem blight are effectively inhibited, the problems of environmental pollution and food safety are reduced, and the bactericide has important significance on increasing the yield of asparagus and the economic benefit of asparagus planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant disease control, and particularly to a bactericide and its application in controlling asparagus stem blight. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for asparagus is increasing. Asparagus is drought-tolerant and can be planted everywhere, but it is vulnerable to diseases during the planting process, and stem blight is one of them. Asparagus stem blight mainly affects the stems and branches of asparagus. This disease is caused by fungi and is transmitted through the soil, especially likely to occur under hot and humid climate conditions. The initial symptom of asparagus stem blight is the appearance of small milky white spots on the stems and leaves, which then expand into spindle-shaped or oval brown lesions. As the disease progresses, the lesions will expand, the central part will turn brown and concave, and many small black dots will appear, eventually leading to the dehydration and withering of the stems, and may even cause the death of the whole plant in severe cases. Preventive and treatment methods include selecting disease-resistant varieties, adopting rain-sheltered cultivation, balanced fertilization, scientific harvesting, removing diseased plants, and chemical control, etc. However, the above measures have problems such as long time consumption, many processes, incomplete control effect, yield decline, and drug residues, which are not conducive to the development of the asparagus planting industry. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a simple, effective, safe and environmentally friendly method for controlling asparagus stem blight. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bactericide and its application in controlling asparagus stem blight to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention prepares the bactericide from Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, effectively inhibits the occurrence and development of asparagus stem blight, improves the yield of asparagus, and has important significance for improving the planting economic benefits of asparagus.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a bactericide for controlling asparagus stem blight, which is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 30 parts of plantain extract, 8 - 15 parts of asarum extract, 8 - 15 parts of poria extract, and 40 - 60 parts of Chinese gall extract.

[0006] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the above bactericide, including the following steps:

[0007] (1) Crush plantain, add ethanol aqueous solution for reflux extraction, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain plantain extract;

[0008] (2) Crush asarum, soak it in water and then decoct, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain asarum extract;

[0009] (3) Crush poria, add ethanol aqueous solution for reflux extraction, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain poria extract;

[0010] (4) Grind the Chinese gallnut, decoct it with water, and perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a decoction and medicinal residues; reflux-extract the medicinal residues with an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain an extract; combine the extract with the decoction to obtain a Chinese gallnut extract.

[0011] (5) Mix the plantain seed extract, asarum extract, poria extract, and Chinese gallnut extract to obtain the fungicide.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the mass-volume ratio of the plantain seed to the aqueous ethanol solution is 1:(6-8) mL; the volume fraction of the aqueous ethanol solution is 70-80%; the number of times of reflux extraction is 3 times, 1 h each time, and the temperature is 85-95 °C.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the mass-volume ratio of the asarum to the water is 1 g:(10-15) mL; the soaking time is 20-30 min, the soaking temperature is 30-40 °C; the decocting time is 2 h.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the mass-volume ratio of the poria to the aqueous ethanol solution is 1 g:(8-12) mL; the volume fraction of the aqueous ethanol solution is 80-95%; the number of times of reflux extraction is 3 times, 2 h each time, and the temperature is 70-80 °C.

[0015] Preferably, in step (4), the mass-volume ratio of the Chinese gallnut to the water is 1 g:(6-8) mL; the decocting time is 1-3 h.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the mass-volume ratio of the medicinal residues to the aqueous ethanol solution is 1 g:(6-10) mL; the volume fraction of the aqueous ethanol solution is 80-95%; the number of times of reflux extraction is 2 times, 1 h each time, and the temperature is 70-80 °C.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in preventing and treating asparagus stem blight.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, which is to dilute the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method by 100-200 times and soak it for 30-60 min before sowing asparagus; or, dilute the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method by 50-100 times and spray it when asparagus shows stem blight, and the spraying frequency is once every 6-8 days.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] The present invention prepares a bactericide from plantain seeds, asarum, poria cocos, and Chinese gallnut. By adopting a scientific and reasonable extraction method and ratio, the active ingredients in the four Chinese herbal medicines can cooperate synergistically to jointly inhibit the reproduction of the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight, reduce the incidence and disease index of asparagus stem blight, and achieve the effect of effectively controlling asparagus stem blight, providing a new technical idea for the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight and increasing production. The bactericide prepared by the present invention using all Chinese herbal medicine ingredients has little impact on the growth of asparagus, will not cause food safety problems, nor will it cause environmental pollution, and is more in line with the concept of sustainable development. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] The various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and embodiments of the present invention are only exemplary.

[0025] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] In this example, a bactericide was prepared, and the specific process is as follows:

[0028] (1) Crush the plantago seed into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 75%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:8 mL, reflux extract at 90° C. for 3 times, each time for 1 hour, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the plantago seed extract;

[0029] (2) Grind the asarum to 10 mesh, add water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:12 mL, soak at 35° C. for 30 min, then boil for 2 h, and filter to obtain a decoction, which is the asarum extract;

[0030] (3) Grind the Poria cocos into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 90%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:10 mL, reflux extract at 75° C. for 3 times, each time for 2 h, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the Poria cocos extract;

[0031] (4) crushing the gallnut into 10 meshes, adding water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:7 mL, decocting for 2 h, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain a decoction and a residue; mixing the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 90%), reflux extracting at 75° C. for 2 times, each time for 1 h, and filtering to obtain an extract; combining the extract with the decoction to obtain a gallnut extract;

[0032] (5) The plantago seed extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract, and the gallnut extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 25:12:12:50 to obtain the fungicide.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] This embodiment prepares a bactericide, and the specific process is as follows:

[0035] (1) Crush the plantago seed into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 70%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:6 mL, reflux extract at 85° C. for 3 times, each time for 1 hour, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the plantago seed extract;

[0036] (2) Grind the asarum to 10 mesh, add water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:10 mL, soak at 30° C. for 20 min, then boil for 2 h, and filter to obtain a decoction, which is the asarum extract;

[0037] (3) Grind the Poria cocos into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:8 mL, reflux extract at 70° C. for 3 times, each time for 2 h, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the Poria cocos extract;

[0038] (4) crushing the gallnut into 10 meshes, adding water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:6 mL, decocting for 1 hour, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain a decoction and a residue; mixing the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%), reflux extraction at 70° C. for 2 times, each time for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain an extract; combining the extract with the decoction to obtain a gallnut extract;

[0039] (5) The plantago seed extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract, and the gallnut extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 15:4:4:30 to obtain the fungicide.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] This embodiment prepares a bactericide, and the specific process is as follows:

[0042] (1) Crush the plantago seed into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:8 mL, reflux extract at 95° C. for 3 times, each time for 1 hour, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the plantago seed extract;

[0043] (2) Grind the asarum to 10 mesh, add water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:15 mL, soak at 40° C. for 30 min, then boil for 2 h, and filter to obtain a decoction, which is the asarum extract;

[0044] (3) Grind the Poria cocos into 10 meshes, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 95%) at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:12 mL, reflux extract at 80° C. for 3 times, each time for 2 h, and filter to obtain an extract, which is the Poria cocos extract;

[0045] (4) crushing the gallnut into 10 meshes, adding water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g: 8 mL, decocting for 3 h, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain a decoction and a residue; mixing the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 95%), reflux extracting at 80° C. for 2 times, each time for 1 h, and filtering to obtain an extract; combining the extract with the decoction to obtain a gallnut extract;

[0046] (5) The plantago seed extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract, and the gallnut extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 20:15:15:40 to obtain the fungicide.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the Plantago seed extract is replaced by the Asarum extract, and the other operations are the same.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the Asarum extract is replaced by the Plantago extract, and the other operations are the same.

[0051] Comparative Example 3

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the Poria cocos extract is replaced with the Chinese gall extract, and other operations are the same.

[0053] Comparative Example 4

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the Chinese gall extract is replaced with the Poria cocos extract, and other operations are the same.

[0055] Comparative Example 5

[0056] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that Asarum sieboldii is replaced with Sophora flavescens, and other operations are the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 6

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the Chinese gall is replaced with Houttuynia cordata, and other operations are the same.

[0059] Test Example 1

[0060] Effect verification tests were carried out on the fungicides of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The specific process is as follows:

[0061] Select test plots, each plot has an area of 30m 2 . It is divided into an experimental group (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6) and a blank control group (clean water), with a total of 10 treatments. The test plots are randomly arranged.

[0062] Air-dry the seeds of asparagus (Jinggang 701), and then soak them in water at 30°C for 3 days for germination. When the seeds show white tips, they can be sown. Before sowing, place the seeds in the corresponding group of medicaments and soak them for 30 min, and then sow them normally. Among them, the medicaments of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 are diluted 200 times for use. After the asparagus matures, harvest it, count the disease incidence (control effect) during the growth period of the asparagus, and calculate the yield increase rate of the experimental group. The disease incidence is statistically analyzed by the diagonal five-point sampling method. At each point, 5 adjacent clusters of asparagus are taken, and 5 plants are randomly surveyed from each cluster of asparagus. A total of 25 clusters and 125 plants of asparagus are surveyed.

[0063] The calculation method of the control effect is: Control effect (%) = (number of diseased plants in the blank control group - number of diseased plants in the experimental group) / number of diseased plants in the blank control group × 100. The calculation method of the yield increase rate is: Yield increase rate (%) = (yield of the experimental group - yield of the blank control group) / yield of the blank control group × 100.

[0064] The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1 Disease incidence and yield increase

[0066] Group Number of diseased plants Control efficacy Yield increase rate Blank control group 68 - - Example 1 4 94.12％ 21.90％ Example 2 5 92.65％ 21.05％ Example 3 5 92.65％ 19.59％ Comparative example 1 13 80.88％ 6.73％ Comparative example 2 25 63.24％ 10.33％ Comparative example 3 16 76.47％ 16.51％ Comparative example 4 20 70.59％ 11.98％ Comparative example 5 30 55.88％ 6.50％ Comparative example 6 25 63.24％ 2.63％

[0067] Test Example 2

[0068] Effect verification tests were conducted on the fungicides of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6. The specific process is as follows:

[0069] Select test plots planted with asparagus (Jinggang 701), and the area of each plot is 30 m 2 . It was divided into experimental groups (Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 6) and a blank control group (clean water), with a total of 10 treatments. The test plots were randomly arranged. During the disease incidence period of asparagus, the above-mentioned agents were sprayed respectively, once every 7 days, for a total of 3 sprays, and the spraying amount each time was calculated according to 2 ml / plant. Among them, the agents of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were diluted 100 times for use. On the second day after the end of the third spray, the disease index of each group was statistically analyzed. The disease grading standard was in accordance with the standard recorded in "Establishment of Identification Method for Resistance to Stem Blight of Asparagus and Screening of Disease-Resistant Germplasm Resources of Asparagus" by Yang Yingqing et al., and the control effect was calculated. At the same time, the asparagus was harvested to record the yield, and the yield increase rate of the experimental group was calculated.

[0070] The calculation method of the control effect is: Control effect (%) = (Disease index of the blank control group - Disease index of the experimental group) / Disease index of the blank control group × 100. The calculation method of the yield increase rate is: Yield increase rate (%) = (Yield of the experimental group - Yield of the blank control group) / Yield of the blank control group × 100.

[0071] The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0072] Table 2 Disease incidence and yield increase

[0073] Group Control efficacy Yield increase rate Blank control group - - Example 1 94.23％ 17.23％ Example 2 93.33％ 16.33％ Example 3 93.10％ 17.07％ Comparative example 1 76.47％ 10.31％ Comparative example 2 63.93％ 6.32％ Comparative example 3 69.23％ 7.15％ Comparative example 4 72.73％ 8.25％ Comparative example 5 56.14％ 2.74％ Comparative example 6 54.39％ 2.24％

[0074] From the results of the above Test Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the fungicide of the present invention has good preventive and therapeutic effects on asparagus stem blight. From the test results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that if any one of the raw materials is omitted, the control effect is lower than that of the fungicide of the present invention. From Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6, it can be seen that when using raw materials known to be able to inhibit fungi or control asparagus stem blight to replace the raw materials in the fungicide of the present invention, the control effect will also decrease. This shows that the fungicide of the present invention is rigorous in the selection of raw materials, and only the combination of these several raw materials can achieve a synergistic effect, which can not only control asparagus stem blight, but also increase the yield of asparagus.

[0075] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fungicide for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, characterized in that: The bactericide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of plantago seed extract, 8-15 parts of asarum extract, 8-15 parts of tuckahoe extract and 40-60 parts of gallnut extract.

2. A method for preparing the fungicide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) crushing psyllium seeds, adding ethanol aqueous solution for reflux extraction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain psyllium seeds extract; (2) crushing asarum, soaking in water and then boiling, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain asarum extract; (3) crushing the Poria cocos, adding an ethanol aqueous solution for reflux extraction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a Poria cocos extract; (4) crushing the gallnut, adding water to decoct, and separating the solid and liquid to obtain a decoction liquid and a medicinal residue; refluxing the medicinal residue with an ethanol aqueous solution to obtain an extract; combining the extract with the decoction liquid to obtain a gallnut extract; (5) The Plantago seed extract, the Asarum extract, the Poria cocos extract and the Galla chinensis extract are mixed to obtain the bactericidal agent.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass volume ratio of the psyllium seeds to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g: (6-8) mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 70-80%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, each time for 1 hour, and the temperature is 85-95°C.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass volume ratio of the asarum to the water is 1 g: (10-15) mL; the soaking time is 20-30 min, the soaking temperature is 30-40° C.; and the decoction time is 2 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass volume ratio of the Poria cocos to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g: (8-12) mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, each time for 2 hours, and the temperature is 70-80°C.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the mass volume ratio of the Chinese gallnut to the water is 1 g: (6-8) mL; and the decoction time is 1-3 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the mass volume ratio of the medicinal residue to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g: (6-10)mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed twice, each time for 1 hour, and the temperature is 70-80°C.

8. Use of the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7 in preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight.

9. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, characterized in that: The method comprises diluting the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7 by 100 to 200 times, and soaking the asparagus for 30 to 60 minutes before sowing; or diluting the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7 by 50 to 100 times, and spraying the asparagus when stem blight occurs, and the spraying frequency is once every 6 to 8 days.