Application of fat powder as chicken feed raw material in replacing corn and improving fatty acid composition of eggs

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of fat powder as a chicken feed raw material in replacing corn and improving fatty acid composition of eggs. The fat powder accounts for 2-6% of the feed; the dosage ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid is 2.7-3.83; in the fat powder, the saturated fatty acid accounts for 70-135 mg / g; 270 to 365 parts of unsaturated fatty acid; the unsaturated fatty acid comprises 1.03 to 2.56 parts of palmitoleic acid; 90.8 to 124 parts of oleic acid; 164 to 216 parts of linoleic acid; 0.819 to 1 part of eicosaenoic acid; 10 to 15.9 parts of alpha-linolenic acid; ePA (ethylene propylene diene monomer) is 1.49 to 3.24; and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) 1.62- By adopting the scheme of finely blending the fat powder to replace corn and improve the fatty acid composition of eggs, the egg quality of laying hens can be obviously improved, and the feed cost is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly to the application of fat powder as a chicken feed raw material in replacing corn and improving the fatty acid composition of eggs. Background Art

[0002] Fat powder is a new type of energy feed additive, which is made from various oils (such as palm oil, coconut oil, etc.) and emulsifiers through special processes and is in powder form. CN111317072A, a special fat powder for laying hens, its preparation method and application, discloses 20-45 parts of vegetable oil, 2-5 parts of Ω3 fatty acid, 5-15 parts of meat-making structure fat, 1-10 parts of vitamins, 5-20 parts of lecithin, 1-10 parts of emulsifier, 10-25 parts of starch, 10-25 parts of soy protein concentrate, and 30-60 parts of carrier. The special fat powder for laying hens provided by the present invention provides balanced fatty acid nutrition, can solve the contradiction between oil absorption rate and obesity, and prevent the occurrence of fatty liver in laying hens.

[0003] However, there is no reported solution for finely modulating fat powder to replace corn and improve the fatty acid composition of eggs. This solution of fat powder can significantly improve the egg quality of laying hens and significantly reduce their feed cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of fat powder as a chicken feed raw material in replacing corn and improving the fatty acid composition of eggs in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. The dosage of fat powder accounts for 2-6% of the feed; the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids is 2.7-3.83; in the fat powder, the saturated fatty acids are 70-135 mg / g; the unsaturated fatty acids are 270-365 mg / g; among the unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid is 1.03-2.56; oleic acid is 90.8-124; linoleic acid is 164-216; eicosenoic acid is 0.819-1; α-linolenic acid is 10-15.9; EPA is 1.49-3.24; DHA is 1.62-3.03.

[0005] Further, among the unsaturated fatty acids of the fat powder, ω-6:ω-3 is 12.5-9.7.

[0006] Further, in the improved fatty acid composition of eggs, the value of ω-6:ω-3 is lower than that in the fat powder.

[0007] Further, the application also improves the DHA content of eggs.

[0008] Further, the application also improves the immunity of laying hens.

[0009] Further, the application also improves the liver fat metabolism of laying hens.

[0010] Beneficial effects: By the solution of finely modulating fat powder to replace corn and improve the fatty acid composition of eggs, the egg quality of laying hens can be significantly improved, and their feed costs can be significantly reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1 is a volcano plot;

[0012] Figure 2 is the distribution of up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (D is the fat powder group, and A is the control group);

[0013] Figure 3 GO analysis of differentially expressed genes in the livers of laying hens fed with dietary fat powder;

[0014] Figure 4 is the KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes in the livers of laying hens fed with dietary fat powder. Specific Embodiments

[0015] For the convenience of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The content mentioned in the embodiments does not limit the present invention.

[0016] 360 laying hens at the peak laying period (43 weeks old) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the principle of similar body weight. Each treatment had 6 replicates, and each replicate had 15 chickens. The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design with 4 kinds of diets: corn-soybean meal-based basal diet, 2% fat powder replacing corn diet group, 4% fat powder replacing corn diet group, and 6% fat powder replacing corn diet group. The compound feed was formulated according to the nutritional requirements of NRC (1994). The composition and nutritional level of the basal diet are shown in Table 1. The feeding experiment was carried out according to the feeding management principle of laying hens. The laying performance was analyzed weekly, and samples were taken every 4 weeks for analysis of egg quality, physiological biochemistry, and tissue samples, etc. The laying hens were fed ad libitum, provided with sufficient water, and vaccinated according to the normal immunization program.

[0017] The laying hen feed was formulated using conventional feed processing technology and stored at room temperature. The hens were caged in a three-layer all-in-one cage with double-sided stacking, 16 hours of light, nipple drinkers for water supply, and fed the experimental diet (powder) ad libitum. The immunization program and chicken house hygiene management were carried out according to the routine.

[0018] The pre-feeding period was 1 week, during which the hens were fed with conventional feed. The health of each cage was observed, and the laying performance of each treatment group was analyzed to ensure that the differences between groups were not significant. After the pre-feeding period ended, the formal test period began, and each group started to be fed the corresponding experimental diet for 8 weeks.

[0019] Table 1 Composition and nutritional level of the basal diet (air-dried basis)

[0020]

[0021] Table 2 Fatty acid composition in fat powder

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] Table 3 Effects of dietary fat powder supplementation on fatty acid content in eggs of 48-week-old hens

[0025]

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] It can be seen that dietary fat powder supplementation had no significant effect on the contents of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, eicosadienoic acid, arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in the eggs of 48-week-old laying hens (P>0.05). However, compared with the control group, the contents of palmitic acid in the 4% group and linoleic acid in the 6% group increased by 4.01% and 10.09% respectively, and the content of arachidonic acid in the 6% group decreased by 10.20%. Compared with the control group, the contents of myristic acid, myristoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the 6% group were significantly different (P<0.05), and the content of γ-linolenic acid in the 2% group was significantly different (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the contents of UFA, SFA, fatty acids and UFA / SFA (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in ω-6 fatty acids (P>0.05), but the content of ω-6 fatty acids in the 6% group increased by 7.90%, the content of ω-3 fatty acids in the 6% group increased significantly by 103.51% (P<0.05), and the ω-6 / ω-3 in the 6% group decreased significantly by 45.90% (P<0.05).

[0029] Table 4 Effects of dietary fat powder supplementation on fatty acid content in eggs of 52-week-old laying hens

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] It can be seen that adding fat powder to the diet has no significant effect on the contents of stearic acid and eicosatrienoic acid in the eggs of 52-week-old laying hens (P>0.05); the oleic acid content in the 2% group is significantly higher than that in the 4% group and the 6% group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of myristic acid, heptadecanoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the 6% group are significantly different (P<0.05), the contents of myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, γ-linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid in the 4% group are significantly different (P<0.05), and the content of docosadienoic acid in the 2% group is significantly different (P<0.05); there are no significant differences in the contents of UFA, ω-6 fatty acid and fatty acid (P>0.05), the SFA content in the 6% group is significantly lower than that in the 2% group and the 4% group, and compared with the control group, the ω-3 fatty acid, ω-6 / ω-3 and UFA / SFA in the 6% group are significantly different (P<0.05).

[0033] The applicant surprisingly found that although the ω-6:ω-3 in the unsaturated fatty acids of the fat powder is 12.5-9.7, the value of ω-6:ω-3 in the fatty acid composition of the 48-week-old eggs after improvement is 11.41-7.79, lower than the value of ω-6:ω-3 in the fat powder. The value of ω-6:ω-3 in the fatty acid composition of the 52-week-old eggs after improvement is 8.98-6.47, lower than the value of ω-6:ω-3 in the fat powder. Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids promote inflammation and cause the body to "catch fire"; on the contrary, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids relieve and inhibit inflammation, thus preventing the occurrence of major diseases. For most consumers, eggs with a lower ω-6:ω-3 value are more beneficial to health.

[0034] Volcano plot and cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes in the livers of laying hens fed diets supplemented with different levels of fat powder

[0035] Using p value <0.05 and |log2FC|≥1 as the screening criteria, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the control group and the 6% fat powder group. As shown in the heat map and volcano plot, compared with the control group, 236 genes were significantly up-regulated and 240 genes were significantly down-regulated in the fat powder group, indicating that the gene expression in the livers of laying hens changed significantly after feeding with fat powder.

[0036] Compared with the normal group, the differentially expressed genes in the diet supplemented with fat powder are mainly involved in oxygen acid metabolism, organic acid synthesis and metabolism, small molecule biosynthesis, sterol metabolism, carboxylic acid synthesis and metabolism, regulation of fat biosynthesis and metabolism, alcohol metabolism, organic hydroxy compounds, ligase activity and tetrahydrofolate metabolism processes.

[0037] Compared with the normal group, the differentially expressed genes in the diet supplemented with fat powder were mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate metabolism, ovarian steroidogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, folate biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, arginine biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, bile secretion, methyl butyrate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism.

[0038] It can be seen that adding different levels of fat powder to the diet had an impact on the differentially expressed genes in the livers of laying hens; this led to an unexpected improvement in the fatty acid composition of eggs.

[0039] Table 5 Economic benefit analysis of different diet treatment groups

[0040]

[0041] The results showed that the economic value of the group supplemented with fat powder increased significantly.

[0042] Those skilled in the art of this technology can understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used here have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the field to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless specifically defined as here.

[0043] It should be understood that the detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention with the aid of the preferred embodiments above is illustrative rather than restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art can modify the technical solutions recorded in each embodiment on the basis of reading the specification of the present invention, or perform equivalent substitution on some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of fat powder as a raw material for chicken feed to replace corn and improve the fatty acid composition of eggs.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of fat powder used is 2-6% of the feed; The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids is 2.7-3.83; in fat powder, in mg / g, saturated fatty acids are 70-135; unsaturated fatty acids are 270-365; among unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid is 1.03-2.56; oleic acid is 90.8-124; linoleic acid is 164-216; eicosenoic acid is 0.819-1; α-linolenic acid is 10-15.9; EPA is 1.49-3.24; DHA is 1.62-3.

03.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the unsaturated fatty acids in fat powder, the ratio of ω-6:ω-3 is 12.5-9.

7.

4. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The improved fatty acid composition of eggs had a lower ω-6:ω-3 ratio than that in fat powder.

5. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The use also improves the DHA content of eggs.

6. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application also improves the immunity of laying hens.

7. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application also improves liver fat metabolism and / or gene expression in laying hens.

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