Fatty acid composition, application and sow feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed, and discloses a fatty acid composition which comprises the following components: 30-70wt% of soybean oil; 2 to 10 wt% of coconut oil; 10 to 30 wt% of palm oil; 5 to 15 wt% of linseed oil; 5-15 wt% of rapeseed oil; 5-15 wt% of fish oil; and 2 to 10 weight percent of tributyrin. The composition is composed of soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil and tributyrin, and can effectively improve the production performance of sows, promote the intestinal and brain development of suckling piglets, and relieve intestinal injury and neuroinflammation caused by LPS stimulation. Meanwhile, the invention also provides application of the composition and a sow feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly to a fatty acid composition, its use, and a sow feed. Background Art

[0002] Fatty acids are the main components of oils and fats. A large amount of energy is consumed and a large amount of heat increment occurs during the synthesis of fat in animal livers and adipose tissues. However, adding oils and fats to the diets of piglets can reduce the synthesis of endogenous fatty acids, reduce energy consumption, improve feed conversion rate, and increase the economic benefits of farming. In addition, adding fatty acids to the diets of piglets can also reduce diarrhea and mortality of piglets. However, since different fatty acids have different effects on piglets and there are differences in absorption and metabolism, it is more important to reasonably match according to the characteristics and contents of each fatty acid composition in different oils and fats to achieve the balance of each fatty acid for promoting the growth of piglets.

[0003] Regarding the application of fatty acids in feeds, the following technologies can be seen:

[0004] CN106666163A, a traditional Chinese medicine health care feed for lactating sows and its preparation method, which records that the oil powder is composed of soybean oil, linseed oil, palm oil and expanded corn;

[0005] CN106306469A, a fatty acid balanced fat product suitable for piglets and its preparation method, which records that the fatty acid balanced fat product is made from the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of coconut oil, 20-30 parts of soybean oil, 30-40 parts of palm oil, and 5-15 parts of linseed oil.

[0006] CN117617391A, a nano-level fat powder for weak piglets, which records including 3-8% of linseed oil, 12-17% of 18-degree palm oil, 15-25% of coconut oil and 5-15% of soybean oil, and the balance is a coated carrier.

[0007] It can be seen that fatty acids are widely directly or indirectly used for piglets and sows to improve problems such as intestinal health and reduce diarrhea rate.

[0008] In the prior art, the application of fatty acids in pregnant and lactating sows still stays in the primary stage, and there is no reasonable and scientific analysis and research on the mechanism and effect of the combined application of fatty acids.

[0009] The technical problem to be solved in this case is: how to develop a feed suitable for sows in the late pregnancy stage to better improve the health conditions of sows and piglets. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a fatty acid composition, which is composed of soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, and tributyrin. Through the composition of the present invention, the production performance of sows can be effectively improved, the intestinal and brain development of suckling piglets can be promoted, and the intestinal injury and neuroinflammation caused by LPS stimulation can be alleviated.

[0011] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides the use of this composition and a sow feed.

[0012] The specific solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0013] A fatty acid composition, comprising:

[0014] Soybean oil: 30 - 70 wt%;

[0015] Coconut oil: 2 - 10 wt%;

[0016] Palm oil: 10 - 30 wt%;

[0017] Linseed oil: 5 - 15 wt%;

[0018] Rapeseed oil: 5 - 15 wt%;

[0019] Fish oil: 5 - 15 wt%;

[0020] Tributyrin: 2 - 10 wt%.

[0021] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides the use of the above fatty acid composition for preparing a sow feed additive.

[0022] In the above use, the sow feed additive is a sow feed additive for improving the production performance of sows in the late pregnancy and the intestinal development of suckling piglets.

[0023] In the above use, the sow feed additive is a sow feed additive for inhibiting the intestinal injury of suckling piglets stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

[0024] In the above use, the sow feed additive is a sow feed additive for promoting the development and differentiation of the brain nerves of suckling piglets.

[0025] In the above use, the sow feed additive is a sow feed additive for inhibiting the neuroinflammation of piglets.

[0026] In addition, the present invention also provides a sow feed, comprising a sow diet and the above-mentioned fatty acid composition added to the sow diet.

[0027] In the above sow feed, the fatty acid composition is contained at 2 - 3 wt%.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0029] The composition of the present invention can effectively improve the production performance of sows, promote the intestinal and brain development of suckling piglets, and relieve intestinal damage and neuroinflammation caused by LPS stimulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Chart showing the effect of fatty acid balanced oil on the composition of sow colostrum;

[0031] Figure 2 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the IgG content in colostrum;

[0032] Figure 3 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the IgM content in colostrum;

[0033] Figure 4 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the IgA content in colostrum;

[0034] Figure 5 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the jejunum morphology of suckling piglets;

[0035] Figure 6 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the tight junction proteins in the jejunum of suckling piglets;

[0036] Figure 7 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the mucosal immune function of the jejunum of suckling piglets;

[0037] Figure 8 Chart showing the effect of adding fatty acid balanced oil to the sow diet on the number of goblet cells in the jejunum of suckling piglets;

[0038] Figure 9 Jejunum villus diagrams of each experimental group;

[0039] Figure 10 Chart showing the effect of adding balanced oil to the sow diet on the jejunum morphology of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets;

[0040] Figure 11 Chart showing the effect of adding balanced oil to the sow diet on the expression level of tight junction proteins in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets;

[0041] Figure 12 Chart showing the effect of adding balanced oil to the sow diet on the disaccharidase activity in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets;

[0042] Figure 13 Chart showing the effect of adding balanced oil to the sow diet on the mRNA expression level of porcine β-defensin in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0043] Figure 14 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of J-chain and pIgR mRNAs and sIgA content in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0044] Figure 15 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the number of goblet cells in the jejunal mucosa of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0045] Figure 16 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on jejunal inflammation-related factors in LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0046] Figure 17 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on jejunal proliferation- and apoptosis-related factors in LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0047] Figure 18 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of mRNAs of IL-22 / STAT3 signaling pathway-related factors in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0048] Figure 19 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the protein expression levels of IL-22 / STAT3 signaling pathway-related factors in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0049] Figure 20 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on plasma biochemical indexes of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0050] Figure 21 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of mRNAs of neurodevelopment-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0051] Figure 22 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of mRNAs of neurodifferentiation-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0052] Figure 23 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0053] Figure 24 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of mRNAs of inflammation-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart

[0054] Figure 25 Effect of adding balanced oil to sows' diet on the expression levels of mRNAs of apoptosis-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets - Chart Detailed implementation manners

[0055] The following will combine the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that for those conditions not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0056] The preparation method of the first part of the balanced oil

[0057] The preparation of balanced oil (FABO) in Examples 1 to 3

[0058] Mix the fatty acids evenly and add them as additives to the sow feed for use;

[0059] Specifically, see the following Formulation Table 1;

[0060] Table 1 Formulation Table

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] For the information of the second part of the breeding experiment, performance statistics and analysis, and the composition of the basal diet and nutritional components, please refer to Table 2 below;

[0064] Table 2 Basal diet formulation table and nutritional component composition table

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] The breeding management method is as follows

[0068] The experimental sows are raised in a certain pig farm in Hubei, and the sows are raised in individual pens. To ensure that the number of suckling piglets per litter is the same, the number of suckling piglets per sow is controlled to not exceed 12. The pregnant sows are restricted in feeding, and the lactating sows are fed and watered freely. The vaccination and disease prevention of sows and piglets are all carried out in accordance with the pig farm feeding management method.

[0069] The third part of performance statistics and analysis

[0070] 3.1 The effects of fatty acid balanced oil on the production performance of late-pregnancy sows and the intestinal development of suckling piglets

[0071] Thirty-six sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity and in healthy pregnancy were selected and randomly divided into a 2 wt% soybean oil group (2 wt% soybean oil SO was added to the basal diet), a 2 wt% fatty acid balanced oil group (2 wt% fatty acid balanced oil FABO (Example 2) was added to the basal diet), and a 1 wt% fatty acid balanced oil group (1 wt% fatty acid balanced oil FABO (Example 2) was added to the basal diet). There were 12 replicates in each group, and one sow was in each replicate. The experiment started on the 90th day of pregnancy and ended at weaning of piglets on the 21st day of lactation. On the day of weaning, six piglets with similar body weights and in good health were selected from each of the 2% SO and 2% FABO groups to explore the effect of FABO on the intestinal development of suckling piglets.

[0072] Determination of sow reproductive performance:

[0073] Average daily feed intake of sows during lactation: Record the daily feed intake and remaining feed amount of sows during lactation, and calculate the average daily feed intake of each sow during lactation.

[0074] Live litter rate: Record the number of piglets born per litter of sows, including the number of live piglets, dead fetuses, and mummified fetuses. The live litter rate of sows = (number of live piglets / total number of piglets born) × 100%.

[0075] Survival rate: Record the number of suckling piglets and weaned piglets. The survival rate of piglets = (number of weaned piglets / number of suckling piglets) × 100%.

[0076] Duration of farrowing: The total time from the birth of the first piglet to the birth of the last piglet, recorded in hours (h).

[0077] Milk yield of sows: Milk yield (kg / day) = average daily gain of piglets (g / d) × 4 × number of weaned piglets per litter × number of lactation days / number of lactation days × 1000.

[0078] Backfat thickness: Detect the backfat thickness of sows on the day of farrowing and the day of weaning using a backfat thickness meter (RENCO, USA). Measure the backfat thickness 6 - 8 cm from the dorsal midline at the last rib of the sow, in units of mm.

[0079] Backfat loss during lactation: Backfat loss during lactation = backfat thickness on the day of farrowing - backfat thickness on the day of weaning.

[0080] Determination of colostrum composition and immunoglobulin content of sows

[0081] Composition of sow colostrum: Detect the contents of lactose, milk fat, milk protein, and non-fat solids in colostrum using a milk composition analyzer (Lacto Scope 300FT-IR, USA).

[0082] Content of immunoglobulin G, A, and M (Immunoglobulin G, A, M; IgG, IgA, IgM) in sow colostrum: It was determined using an ELISA kit produced by Quanzhou Ruixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0083] Jejunum morphology

[0084] The fixed jejunum tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and made into 5-μm sections. After HE staining, the villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the jejunum were measured using an Olympus optical microscope (OLYMPUS BX43F, Japan) and Olympus image processing software (OLYMPUS cellSens Standard 1.18, Japan), and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH / CD) was calculated.

[0085] The goblet cells in jejunum tissues were stained using an AB-PAS staining kit (G1285) produced by Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., and the goblet cells were counted using an Olympus optical microscope and image processing software. The number of goblet cells was expressed as the number of goblet cells per 100-μm villus-crypt axis.

[0086] mRNA expression levels of genes related to jejunum mucosal barrier function

[0087] Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of claudin-1, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), porcine β-defensin 1 (pBD-1), porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD-2), porcine β-defensin 3 (pBD-3), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and immunoglobulin J chain (J-chain) in jejunum mucosa, with β-actin as the internal reference.

[0088] Content of secretory immunoglobulin in jejunum

[0089] The content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the jejunum mucosa of suckling piglets was determined using an ELISA kit produced by Quanzhou Ruixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0090] Expression levels of jejunal tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and ZO-1

[0091] Jejunal mucosa samples were taken and added to lysis buffer, homogenized at low temperature and then centrifuged. The supernatant was taken for protein content determination. Subsequently, the protein samples were electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gels and then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% defatted milk at room temperature for 1.5 h and then incubated with the primary antibody overnight. After overnight incubation, the corresponding secondary antibody was incubated. The relative protein abundance of the target protein was expressed as the ratio of the target protein to β-actin protein.

[0092] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the reproductive performance of sows

[0093] As shown in Table 3, compared with the 2% SO group, dietary addition of 2% FABO and 1% FABO significantly increased the survival rate of sows (P < 0.05).

[0094] Table 3 Effect of fatty acid balanced oil (FABO) on the reproductive performance of sows

[0095] Item 2% SO 2% FABO 1% FABO SEM P-value Average daily feed intake (kg) 4.16 3.87 3.79 0.097 0.261 Litter size (number) 13.27 13.25 14.37 0.427 0.513 Live litter size (number) 13.00 13.00 14.00 0.514 0.668 Live litter rate (%) 97.97 98.62 97.03 0.920 0.807 Survival rate (%) <![CDATA[89.34 b > <![CDATA[96.47 a > <![CDATA[99.35 a > 1.634 0.031 Milk yield (kg / day) 8.20 9.32 8.78 0.282 0.280 Backfat loss (mm) 4.75 3.99 4.06 0.475 0.799

[0096] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the growth performance of suckling piglets

[0097] As shown in Table 4, the birth weight, weaning weight, weaning litter weight, litter weight gain during lactation and average daily gain of suckling piglets in the 2% FABO group were significantly higher than those in the 2% SO group (P < 0.05).

[0098] Table 4 Effect of fatty acid balanced oil (FABO) on the reproductive performance of sows

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the composition of sow colostrum and immunoglobulins

[0102] Effect of fatty acid balanced oil on the composition of sow colostrum

[0103] From Figure 1 it can be seen that dietary addition of 2% FABO and 1% FABO can increase the protein content in sow colostrum (P < 0.05).

[0104] Effect of fatty acid balanced oil on the immunoglobulin content in sow colostrum

[0105] From Figure 2 and 3As can be seen from , the IgG content in the colostrum of sows in the 2% FABO group was significantly higher than that in the 2% SO group (P<0.05); adding 2% FABO and 1% FABO to the diet could increase the levels of IgM and IgA in the colostrum (P<0.05).

[0106] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the jejunal morphology and the expression of tight junction proteins in suckling piglets

[0107] As Figure 5 can be seen, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the jejunal villus height and crypt depth of suckling piglets (P<0.05). As Figure 6 can be seen, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of the tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and ZO-1 and the protein expression level of Claudin-1 in the jejunum of suckling piglets (P<0.05).

[0108] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the jejunal mucosal immune function of suckling piglets

[0109] It can be seen from Figure 7 that adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the J-chain and pBD-in the jejunal mucosa of suckling piglets 3 the mRNA expression level and the content of sIgA (P<0.05). As Figure 8 can be seen, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the number of goblet cells in the jejunum of suckling piglets (P<0.05).

[0110] 3.2 Protective effect of the fatty acid balanced oil and fat on intestinal injury in suckling piglets stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

[0111] Twelve 21-day-old piglets from the 2% SO group and 2% FABO group in Section 3.1 were respectively selected, and a 2×2 factorial design was adopted. The main effects were the treatment of the lactating sow diet (adding 2% SO or 2% FABO (Example 2) to the basal diet) and the LPS stress treatment (injecting normal saline or LPS). Six suckling piglets in each group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or normal saline to explore the protective effect of FABO on intestinal injury in suckling piglets stimulated by LPS.

[0112] Jejunal morphology

[0113] The fixed jejunal tissue was dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and made into 5-μm sections. After HE staining, the jejunal villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) were measured using an Olympus optical microscope (OLYMPUS BX43F, Japan) and Olympus image processing software (OLYMPUS cellSens Standard 1.18, Japan), and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH / CD) was calculated.

[0114] The goblet cells in the jejunum tissue were stained with an AB-PAS staining kit (G1285) produced by Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., and the goblet cells were counted using an Olympus optical microscope and image processing software. The number of goblet cells was expressed as the number of goblet cells per 100-μm villus-crypt axis.

[0115] Jejunum disaccharidase activity

[0116] The activities of jejunum lactase, sucrase, and maltase were detected using kits A082-1-1, A082-2-1, and A082-3-1 produced by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.

[0117] mRNA expression levels of jejunum mucosa-related genes

[0118] Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of porcine β-defensin 1 (pBD-1), porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD-2), porcine β-defensin 3 (pBD-3), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), immunoglobulin J chain (J-chain), IL-6, IL-1β, interleukin-10 (IL-10), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70), cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX2), Ki67, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), IL-22, interleukin 22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1), JAK1, TYK2, and STAT3 in the jejunum mucosa, with β-actin as the internal reference.

[0119] Jejunum secretory immunoglobulin content

[0120] The content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the jejunal mucosa of suckling piglets was determined using an ELISA kit from Quanzhou Ruixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0121] The protein expression levels of jejunal tight junction proteins Claudin-1, ZO-1, and IL-22 / STAT3

[0122] Jejunal mucosa samples were taken and added to lysis buffer, homogenized at low temperature and then centrifuged, and the supernatant was taken for protein content determination. Subsequently, the protein samples were electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gels and then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1.5 h and then incubated with the primary antibody overnight. After overnight incubation, the corresponding secondary antibody was incubated. The relative protein abundance of the target protein was expressed as the ratio of the target protein to β-actin protein.

[0123] The effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the jejunal morphology of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0124] It can be seen from Figure 9 that in the 2% SO group and the 2% FABO group, the villi were arranged neatly, long and straight, and the structure was complete; it can be seen from Figure 10 that adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the jejunal villus height of piglets (P<0.05).

[0125] The effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the expression of jejunal tight junction proteins in LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0126] It can be seen from Figure 11 that adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the protein expression levels of Claudin-1 (P<0.001) and ZO-1 (P<0.05) in the jejunum of piglets; 2% FABO could significantly alleviate the decrease in the protein expression levels of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 caused by LPS stimulation.

[0127] The effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on disaccharidases in the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0128] It can be seen from Figure 12 that adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the activities of maltase and sucrase in the jejunum of piglets (P<0.05), and 2% FABO could alleviate the decrease in the activities of maltase and sucrase caused by LPS.

[0129] The effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on the mucosal immune function of the jejunum of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0130] It can be seen from Figure 13It can be seen that adding 2% FABO to the diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of pBD-2 and pBD-3 (P<0.05); 2% FABO tended to alleviate the decrease in the mRNA expression level of pBD-3 caused by LPS stimulation. From Figure 14 It can be seen that adding 2% FABO to the diet of sows significantly increased the mRNA expression level of J-chain in the jejunum of piglets (P<0.05), and tended to alleviate the decrease in the mRNA expression level of pIgR caused by LPS stimulation (P = 0.092). 2% FABO could significantly increase the content of sIgA in the jejunum of piglets (P<0.05). From Figure 15 It can be seen that adding 2% FABO to the diet of sows significantly increased the number of goblet cells in the jejunal mucosa of piglets (P<0.05). 2% FABO significantly alleviated the decrease in the number of goblet cells in the jejunum of piglets caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05).

[0131] Effect of the said fatty acid balanced oil on jejunal inflammation-related factors in LPS-stimulated nursing piglets

[0132] From Figure 16 It can be seen that adding 2% FABO to the diet of sows significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of Hsp-70 in the jejunum of piglets (P<0.05), and tended to decrease the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (P = 0.080) and COX2 (P = 0.085); in addition, 2% FABO could increase the mRNA expression level of IL-10 (P<0.05), and could alleviate the increase in the mRNA expression level of IL-6 caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05), and tended to alleviate the increase in the mRNA expression level of IL-1β caused by LPS stimulation (P = 0.091).

[0133] Effect of the said fatty acid balanced oil on jejunal cell proliferation and apoptosis-related factors in LPS-stimulated nursing piglets

[0134] From Figure 17 It can be seen that adding 2% FABO to the diet of sows significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of Bax in the jejunum of piglets (P<0.05), and tended to increase the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 (P = 0.083). Adding 2% FABO to the diet tended to alleviate the increase in the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax caused by LPS stimulation.

[0135] Effect of the said fatty acid balanced oil on IL-22 / STAT3 factors in LPS-stimulated nursing piglets' jejunum

[0136] Such as Figure 18As shown in the figure, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of JAK1 (P<0.001), TYK2 (P<0.05), and STAT3 (P<0.001) in the jejunum of piglets, and there was a tendency to increase the IL-22 mRNA expression level (P = 0.077); in addition, 2% FABO could alleviate the decrease in JAK1 mRNA expression caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05).

[0137] It can be seen from Figure 19 that adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the IL-22 protein (P<0.001) and the p-STAT3 / t-STAT3 protein ratio (P<0.05) in the jejunum of piglets; adding 2% FABO to the diet had a tendency to alleviate the decrease in the p-STAT3 / t-STAT3 protein ratio caused by LPS stimulation (P = 0.097). The above results indicate that 2% FABO can activate the IL-22 / STAT3 signaling pathway in the jejunum of suckling piglets, improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function, alleviate the jejunum inflammation of suckling piglets, and maintain intestinal homeostasis.

[0138] 3.3 Effects of fatty acid balanced oils and fats on the brain development and neuroinflammation of suckling piglets.

[0139] Thirty-six parity-matched and healthy pregnant sows (Landrace×Large White) were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into a 2wt% soybean oil group (2wt% soybean oil SO was added to the basal diet), a 2wt% fatty acid balanced oil and fat group (2wt% fatty acid balanced oil and fat FABO (Example 1) was added to the basal diet), and a 2wt% fatty acid balanced oil and fat group (2wt% fatty acid balanced oil and fat FABOa (Example 1) was added to the basal diet). There were 12 replicates in each group, and 1 sow was in each replicate. The experiment started on day 90 of pregnancy and ended when the piglets were weaned at 21 days of lactation. On the day of weaning, 12 21-day-old piglets from the 2% SO group, 2% FABO group, and 2% FABO a group were selected respectively, and a 2×2 factorial design was adopted. The main effects were the sow diet treatment during lactation (2% SO, 2% FABO, or 2% FABOa (Example 3) was added to the basal diet) and the LPS stress treatment (injection of normal saline or LPS). Six suckling piglets in each group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or normal saline to explore the effects of FABO on the brain development and neuroinflammation of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets.

[0140] Plasma biochemical indexes of piglets

[0141] The plasma glucose (Glucose, GLU), triglyceride (Triglyceride, TG), and total cholesterol (Total cholesterol, TC) levels of piglets were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer (Hitachi 7100, Japan).

[0142] Acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of piglets

[0143] The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of piglets was detected using the kit A024-1-1 produced by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The specific detection method was referred to the instruction manual.

[0144] mRNA expression levels of genes related to neurodevelopment, differentiation, inflammation and apoptosis in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of piglets

[0145] mRNA was extracted from the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus samples of piglets, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of NGF, cellular oncogene fos (c-fos), early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), BDNF, TrKB, PI-3K, IL-6, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70), cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX2), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (BCL-2).

[0146] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on plasma biochemical indexes of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0147] As Figure 20 shown, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet increased the plasma GLU and TG levels of piglets (P<0.05); adding 2% FABO to the diet alleviated the decrease in plasma TG level of piglets caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05).

[0148] Effect of the fatty acid balanced oil on mRNA expression levels of genes related to neurodevelopment in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0149] As Figure 21As shown, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of NGF in the prefrontal lobe of piglets (P<0.05), and there was a tendency to increase the mRNA expression level of Egr1 (P = 0.060). Adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of NGF and c-fos in the hippocampus of piglets (P<0.001); and adding 2% FABO to the diet alleviated the decrease in the mRNA expression levels of NGF and c-fos in the hippocampus caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05).

[0150] Effect of the fatty acid balance oil on the mRNA expression levels of genes related to nerve differentiation in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0151] As Figure 22 shown, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of BDNF, TrKB, and PI-3K in the prefrontal lobe of piglets (P<0.05). Adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of BDNF (P<0.001), TrKB (P<0.05), and PI-3K (P<0.05) in the hippocampus of piglets.

[0152] Effect of the fatty acid balance oil on the acetylcholinesterase activities in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0153] As Figure 23 shown, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly increased the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of piglets (P<0.05).

[0154] Effect of the fatty acid balance oil on the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0155] As Figure 24 shown, adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, Hsp-70, and COX2 in the prefrontal lobe of piglets (P<0.05). Adding 2% FABOa to the sow diet significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of Hsp-70 and COX2 in the prefrontal lobe of piglets (P<0.05). Adding 2% FABO to the sow diet significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of COX2 in the hippocampus of piglets (P<0.05); adding 2% FABOa to the sow diet significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of Hsp-70 and COX2 in the hippocampus of piglets (P<0.05).

[0156] Effect of the fatty acid balance oil on the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of LPS-stimulated suckling piglets

[0157] As Figure 25As shown, adding 2% FABO to the sows' diet significantly increased the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 in the prefrontal lobe of piglets (P<0.05); 2% FABO alleviated the increase in the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05). Adding 2% FABO to the sows' diet significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in the hippocampus of piglets (P<0.05), and increased the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 (P<0.05); 2% FABO alleviated the increase in the mRNA expression level of Bax in the hippocampus caused by LPS stimulation (P<0.05).

[0158] The above results indicate that 2% FABO can promote the development and differentiation of the brain nerves of suckling piglets, inhibit neuroinflammation, and alleviate the apoptosis of brain cells caused by LPS.

[0159] In summary, adding 2% FABO to the diet of sows in late pregnancy and lactation can improve the production performance of sows, promote the intestinal and brain development of suckling piglets, and alleviate the intestinal damage and neuroinflammation caused by LPS stimulation.

Claims

1. A fatty acid composition, characterized in that include: Soybean oil: 30-70wt%; Coconut oil: 2-10wt%; Palm oil: 10-30wt%; Linseed oil: 5-15wt%; Rapeseed oil: 5-15wt%; Fish oil: 5-15wt%; Tributyrin: 2-10wt%.

2. Use of the fatty acid composition as claimed in claim 1 in preparing a sow feed additive.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sow feed additive is a sow feed additive used for improving the production performance of sows in the late pregnancy period and the intestinal development of suckling piglets.

4. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sow feed additive is a sow feed additive used for inhibiting lipopolysaccharide from stimulating intestinal damage in suckling piglets.

5. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sow feed additive is a sow feed additive used for promoting the development and differentiation of cranial nerves of suckling piglets.

6. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sow feed additive is a sow feed additive used for inhibiting piglet neuroinflammation.

7. A sow feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sow diet and the fatty acid composition as claimed in claim 1 added into the sow diet.

8. The sow feed according to claim 7, characterized in that Contains 2-3 wt% of a fatty acid composition.

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