All-position surfacing method and device in reducing connecting pipe

Abstract

The invention provides an all-position surfacing method and device in a reducing connecting pipe, and relates to the technical field of welding. The all-position surfacing method in the reducing connecting pipe comprises the steps that the inner wall of the reducing connecting pipe is divided into a plurality of welding areas in the circumferential direction; dynamically adjusting the welding voltage according to the position of each welding area; based on the dynamically adjusted welding voltage, automatic surfacing is conducted on the straight part of the inner wall through an angle-adjustable welding gun; and when the angle-adjustable welding gun moves to the variable-diameter step part of the inner wall, the inclination angle of the angle-adjustable welding gun is adjusted to face the variable-diameter step part, and automatic surfacing is conducted on the variable-diameter step part. According to the all-position surfacing method in the variable-diameter connecting pipe, efficient and high-quality automatic surfacing of the inner wall of the variable-diameter connecting pipe is achieved through partition dynamic voltage control and the angle-adjustable welding gun, the variable-diameter connecting pipe does not need to be made to be perpendicular to the ground by rotating a container barrel, synchronous welding of multiple connecting pipes is supported, and the problems that in the related technology, efficiency is low, and quality is unstable are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically, to a method and device for all-position surfacing welding inside a reducing nozzle. Background Art

[0002] When the main equipment of a nuclear island operates in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, in order to ensure the stress corrosion resistance and irradiation performance of the reactor system, a corrosion-resistant surfacing layer needs to be welded on the surface of the inner wall of the reactor vessel in contact with the coolant, and the surfacing layer is usually an austenitic stainless steel or nickel-based alloy layer.

[0003] Currently, when surfacing welding inside a small-diameter reducing nozzle on a container cylinder, it is necessary to rotate the cylinder to make the pipe perpendicular to the ground orientation and perform inner-wall surfacing welding in the horizontal welding position. For the reducing step part, due to limited space, manual welding needs to be used. Therefore, the following problems exist:

[0004] 1. Low welding efficiency: When the pipe is on the cylinder and rotated to be perpendicular to the ground orientation, only one pipe meets the welding position requirements each time. When there are multiple pipes on the cylinder, the welding position needs to be adjusted one by one, affecting the efficiency.

[0005] 2. Unstable quality: The space at the reducing step part is narrow, relying on manual arc welding, and it is difficult to control the molten pool shape, easily generating defects such as pores and lack of fusion. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the defects of low surfacing welding efficiency and poor quality in the inner wall of the reducing nozzle in the related art.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for all-position surfacing welding inside a reducing nozzle, including:

[0008] Dividing the inner wall of the reducing nozzle into a plurality of welding areas circumferentially;

[0009] Dynamically adjusting the welding voltage according to the positions of the welding areas;

[0010] Based on the dynamically adjusted welding voltage, automatically surfacing weld the flat part of the inner wall with an adjustable-angle welding torch;

[0011] When the adjustable-angle welding torch moves to the reducing step part of the inner wall, adjust the inclination angle of the adjustable-angle welding torch to face the reducing step part and automatically surfacing weld the reducing step part.

[0012] The all-position surfacing method for the variable-diameter nozzle of the present invention realizes efficient and high-quality automatic surfacing on the inner wall of the variable-diameter nozzle through zonal dynamic voltage control and an adjustable-angle welding torch. It is not necessary to rotate the container cylinder to make the variable-diameter nozzle perpendicular to the ground, supports synchronous welding of multiple nozzles, and solves the problems of low efficiency and unstable quality in the related art. The all-position automatic welding replaces manual operation, eliminates human errors, has a stable molten pool shape, and uniform bead formation. Through angle adjustment and dynamic voltage control, it breaks through the spatial limitations of the variable-diameter structure and is applicable to complex working conditions such as nuclear power equipment.

[0013] Optionally, the step of circumferentially dividing the inner wall of the variable-diameter nozzle into multiple welding zones includes:

[0014] From the perspective of the axis of the variable-diameter nozzle, the inner wall is divided into an adjacent top zone, left zone, bottom zone, and right zone in sequence.

[0015] Optionally, the top zone and the bottom zone are oppositely arranged and each cover a range of 60°, and the left zone and the right zone are oppositely arranged and each cover a range of 120°.

[0016] Optionally, the welding voltages corresponding to the left zone and the right zone are the same, and the welding voltages corresponding to the left zone and the right zone are higher than the welding voltage corresponding to the top zone and lower than the welding voltage corresponding to the bottom zone.

[0017] Optionally, the inner wall of the nozzle includes a large-diameter inner wall and a small-diameter inner wall, and the variable-diameter step part is in the transition zone between the large-diameter inner wall and the small-diameter inner wall.

[0018] Optionally, the step of automatically surfacing the flat part of the inner wall by the adjustable-angle welding torch includes:

[0019] First, surfacing is performed on the small-diameter inner wall, then on the large-diameter inner wall, and finally on the variable-diameter step part.

[0020] In addition, the present invention also provides a surfacing device for implementing the all-position surfacing method for the variable-diameter nozzle as described above. The surfacing device includes:

[0021] An adjustable-angle welding torch, which includes a welding torch body and a servo elbow angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the inclination angle of the welding torch body;

[0022] An arc voltage tracking device for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the welding voltage;

[0023] Optionally, the inclination angle adjustment range of the welding torch body is from 0° to 45°.

[0024] Optionally, the partition voltage parameter database is a set of voltage parameters stored in the welding control system and corresponding to different welding areas on the inner wall of the nozzle. The welding control system is used to achieve precise control of all-position surfacing by presetting and dynamically calling welding parameters for different areas.

[0025] Optionally, the welding control system is configured to receive feedback data from the arc voltage tracking device and dynamically fine-tune parameters based on the feedback data. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the all-position surfacing method for the stepped nozzle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stepped nozzle on the container cylinder in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the partial enlarged view at A in

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing that the inner wall of the nozzle in the embodiment of the present invention is divided into multiple welding areas.

[0030] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0031] 1. Stepped nozzle; 11. Straight part; 111. Inner wall of the large diameter; 112. Inner wall of the small diameter; 12. Stepped part of the diameter change; a. Top area; b. Bottom area; c. Left area; d. Right area; 2. Container cylinder. Detailed Embodiment

[0032] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "inner", and "outer" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and does not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection" and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection; it may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to terms such as "embodiment", "one embodiment" and "one implementation manner" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or implementation manner are included in at least one embodiment or implementation manner of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation manner. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or implementation manners in a suitable manner.

[0036] Moreover, in the drawings, the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the up-and-down position, and the positive direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction pointed by the arrow of the Z-axis) represents up, and the negative direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z-axis) represents down; in the drawings, the X-axis represents the horizontal direction, that is, the left-and-right position, and the positive direction of the X-axis (that is, the direction pointed by the arrow of the X-axis) represents left, and the negative direction of the X-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the X-axis) represents right; in the drawings, the Y-axis represents the longitudinal direction, that is, the front-and-back position, and the positive direction of the Y-axis (that is, the direction pointed by the arrow of the Y-axis) represents front, and the negative direction of the Y-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Y-axis) represents back.

[0037] Meanwhile, it should be noted that the meanings represented by the foregoing Z-axis, X-axis and Y-axis are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0038] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the all-position surfacing method for the reducing pipe joint in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0039] S1, dividing the inner wall of the reducing pipe joint 1 into a plurality of welding areas circumferentially;

[0040] S2, dynamically adjusting the welding voltage according to the positions of the welding areas;

[0041] S3, based on the dynamically adjusted welding voltage, automatically surfacing the flat part 11 of the inner wall by an adjustable-angle welding torch;

[0042] S4. When the adjustable-angle welding torch moves to the stepped diameter-changing part 12 of the inner wall, adjust the inclination angle of the adjustable-angle welding torch to face the stepped diameter-changing part 12, and perform automatic surfacing on the stepped diameter-changing part 12.

[0043] Specifically, as shown in the attached Figure 1 to the attached Figure 3 figures, the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 is located on the circumferential side wall of the container cylinder body 2, and the axis direction of the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 is perpendicular to the axis direction of the container cylinder body 2, that is, the axis direction of the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0044] During the welding process, the influence of gravity is an important factor to consider, especially when performing special-position welding (such as vertical welding, overhead welding, horizontal welding, etc.) or welding large structures. Gravity not only affects the stability of the molten pool but may also cause welding defects (such as undercut, overlap, porosity, etc.). Therefore, during welding, it is necessary to adjust the welding parameters and techniques according to the direction of gravity to ensure the welding quality.

[0045] Therefore, in steps S1 to S2, based on the influence of gravity on the molten pool, the inner wall of the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 can be divided into multiple welding areas, and then the voltage can be dynamically adjusted according to the welding position. Through voltage differential control, ensure that the bead formation is uniform at different positions. For example, during vertical welding or overhead welding, gravity will cause the molten pool to flow downward or drip, increasing the welding difficulty. At this time, the welding voltage should be appropriately reduced to reduce the volume of the molten pool.

[0046] In step S3, when surfacing the flat part 11, the welding torch can be installed on the rotary welding equipment, and then the welding torch is inserted into the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 along the axis direction of the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 (the reverse direction of the Y-axis in the attached Figure 3 figures) by the rotary welding equipment, and then the welding torch is driven to perform circumferential rotary welding inside the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 until the surfacing of the flat part 11 is completed. It should be noted that the voltage of the welding torch is different when it rotates to different positions.

[0047] In step S4, when surfacing the stepped diameter-changing part 12, it is necessary to adjust the inclination angle of the welding torch to face the stepped diameter-changing part 12, and then the welding torch performs circumferential rotary welding inside the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1 until the surfacing of the stepped diameter-changing part 12 is completed, so as to realize all-position automatic surfacing inside the stepped-diameter connecting pipe 1. It should be noted that when welding the stepped diameter-changing part 12, the variable voltage (i.e., dynamically adjusting the welding voltage at different positions) is also followed.

[0048] In this embodiment, through partition dynamic voltage control and an adjustable-angle welding torch, high-efficiency and high-quality automatic surfacing of the inner wall of the reduced-diameter nozzle is achieved. There is no need to rotate the container cylinder to make the reduced-diameter nozzle perpendicular to the ground, and multi-nozzle synchronous welding is supported, solving the problems of low efficiency and unstable quality in the related art. Full-position automatic welding replaces manual operation, eliminating human errors, with a stable molten pool shape and uniform weld bead formation. Through angle adjustment and dynamic voltage control, the spatial limitations of the reduced-diameter structure are broken through, making it applicable to complex working conditions such as nuclear power equipment.

[0049] Optionally, the circumferential division of the inner wall of the reduced-diameter nozzle 1 into multiple welding areas includes:

[0050] From the perspective of the axis of the reduced-diameter nozzle, the inner wall is divided into adjacent top area a, left area c, bottom area b, and right area d in sequence.

[0051] In this embodiment, in combination with the attached Figure 3 and the attached Figure 4 As shown, from the perspective of the axis of the reduced-diameter nozzle 1, based on the influence of gravity on the molten pool, the inner wall (flat part 11) of the reduced-diameter nozzle 1 can be divided into four areas, namely top area a, bottom area b, left area c, and right area d. Among them, the top area a is a partial area at the top of the flat part 11 (the positive Z-axis direction in the attached Figure 3 or the attached Figure 4 ), the bottom area b is a partial area at the bottom of the flat part 11 (the negative Z-axis direction in the attached Figure 3 or the attached Figure 4 ), the left area c is a partial area of the inner wall on the left side of the flat part 11 (the positive X-axis direction in the attached Figure 4 ), and the right area d is a partial area of the inner wall on the right side of the flat part 11 (the negative X-axis direction in the attached Figure 4 ).

[0052] Optionally, the top area a and the bottom area b are oppositely arranged and respectively cover a range of 60°, and the left area c and the right area d are oppositely arranged and respectively cover a range of 120°.

[0053] In this embodiment, in combination with the attached Figure 4 As shown, as a preferred embodiment, the coverage ranges of the oppositely arranged top area a and bottom area b can be set to 60°, and at the same time, the coverage ranges of the oppositely arranged left area c and right area d can be set to 120°.

[0054] Optionally, the welding voltages corresponding to the left area c and the right area d are the same, and the welding voltages corresponding to the left area c and the right area d are higher than the welding voltage corresponding to the top area a and lower than the welding voltage corresponding to the bottom area b.

[0055] In this embodiment, with reference to the attached Figure 3 and the attached Figure 4 As shown, since the heights of the left region c and the right region d relative to the ground are the same, the welding voltages corresponding to the left region c and the right region d are the same. Since the height of the top region a relative to the ground is higher than that of the left region c and the right region d, the welding voltage corresponding to the top region a should be lower than that corresponding to the left region c and the right region d. This is because when surfacing the top region a, it is an overhead welding, and gravity will cause the molten pool to flow or drip downward. At this time, the welding voltage should be appropriately reduced to reduce the volume of the molten pool. Similarly, the height of the bottom region b relative to the ground is lower than that of the left region c and the right region d, and the welding voltage corresponding to the top region a should be higher than that of the left region c and the right region d to ensure the quality of the weld bead formation.

[0056] Preferably, the welding voltage corresponding to the left region c and the right region d can be 10.8V, the welding voltage corresponding to the top region a can be 10.2V, and the welding voltage corresponding to the bottom region b can be 11V.

[0057] Optionally, the straight part 11 includes a large-diameter inner wall 111 and a small-diameter inner wall 112, and the stepped diameter-changing part 12 is in the transition region between the large-diameter inner wall 111 and the small-diameter inner wall 112.

[0058] In this embodiment, with reference to the attached Figure 2 and the attached Figure 3 As shown, the straight part 11 includes a large-diameter inner wall 111 and a small-diameter inner wall 112, where the small-diameter inner wall 112 is closer to the container cylinder body 2 and the large-diameter inner wall 111 is farther from the container cylinder body 2. The stepped diameter-changing part 12 is in the transition region between the large-diameter inner wall 111 and the small-diameter inner wall 112.

[0059] It should be noted that, with reference to the attached Figure 4 As shown, the large-diameter inner wall 111 and the small-diameter inner wall 112 of the straight part 11 respectively correspond to the top region a, the bottom region b, the left region c, and the right region d. During surfacing, the large-diameter inner wall 111 and the small-diameter inner wall 112 are carried out separately and do not affect each other.

[0060] Optionally, the automatic surfacing of the straight part 11 of the inner wall by an adjustable-angle welding torch includes:

[0061] First, surfacing is carried out on the small-diameter inner wall 112, secondly, surfacing is carried out on the large-diameter inner wall 111, and finally, surfacing is carried out on the stepped diameter-changing part 12.

[0062] In addition, the present invention also provides a surfacing device for realizing the all-position surfacing method in the stepped diameter-changing nozzle as described above. The surfacing device includes:

[0063] An adjustable-angle welding torch, the adjustable-angle welding torch comprising a welding torch body and a servo elbow angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the inclination angle of the welding torch body;

[0064] An arc voltage tracking device for monitoring and adjusting the welding voltage in real time.

[0065] In this embodiment, the servo elbow angle adjustment mechanism, as an existing technology, is a mechanical device for precisely controlling the elbow angle and is usually applied to robots, medical devices, rehabilitation devices or industrial automation systems. Its core function is to achieve precise adjustment and dynamic control of the elbow angle through a servo motor and corresponding control algorithms. The servo elbow angle adjustment mechanism includes: A servo motor: As a power source, the servo motor can provide precise torque and speed control, usually achieving closed-loop control through encoder feedback. A speed reducer: Used to convert the high-speed low-torque output of the servo motor into a low-speed high-torque output to meet the requirements of joint movement. Sensors: Such as encoders, potentiometers or angle sensors for real-time monitoring of the elbow angle position and feeding back information to the control system. Mechanical linkages or transmission mechanisms: Converting the rotational motion of the motor into the swinging or rotational motion of the elbow. Common mechanisms include gears, linkages, belts or ball screws, etc. A controller: Responsible for receiving commands and controlling the movement of the servo motor, usually implemented using a PLC, single-chip microcomputer or embedded system. A limit device: Used to limit the movement range of the elbow to prevent damage caused by over-limit movement. Thus, the welding torch body is mounted on the servo elbow angle adjustment mechanism and can be adjusted within a preset angle range. When welding to the position where the nozzle diameter changes (the stepped part 12 of the diameter change), the inclination angle of the welding torch is adjusted to achieve welding at this location.

[0066] The arc voltage tracking device is integrated at the front end of the welding torch body for monitoring and controlling the arc voltage in real time. It can precisely control the arc voltage when welding in different regions, making the welding arc tend to be stable, maintaining good molten pool shape tracking, and ensuring welding quality. During the surfacing process of the welding torch, the arc voltage tracking device monitors the stability of the arc in real time and automatically adjusts the welding parameters according to the change in arc voltage to ensure the stability of the welding process. Among them, the arc voltage tracking device (Arc Voltage Control, AVC) is a device for automatically adjusting and maintaining the stability of the arc voltage during the arc welding process. It monitors the change in arc voltage in real time and automatically adjusts welding parameters (such as welding current, arc length, etc.) to ensure the stability of the welding process and the consistency of welding quality.

[0067] Optionally, the inclination angle adjustment range of the welding torch body is from 0° to 45°.

[0068] Optionally, the surfacing device further includes a welding control system, which is configured with zonal voltage parameters, and the zonal voltage parameters include welding voltage parameters corresponding to a plurality of welding zones circumferentially divided on the inner wall of the reducer nozzle 1.

[0069] In this embodiment, the welding control system internally stores the zonal voltage parameters and supports the synchronous welding task of multiple nozzles. During the welding process, the welding control system can identify the current welding zone in real time according to the position of the welding torch and automatically retrieve the corresponding voltage parameters without manual intervention. When supporting the synchronous welding of multiple nozzles, the corresponding parameter combinations are independently called for each nozzle to ensure the coordination of parallel operations. Through standardized parameter storage, the quality fluctuations caused by manual setting errors are avoided. The operator can view or modify the parameters in the database through the control panel to meet the requirements of different nozzle specifications.

[0070] In addition to voltage, other key parameters, such as welding current, wire feeding speed, welding torch moving speed, etc., can also be included to match the welding requirements of different zones.

[0071] Optionally, the welding control system is used to receive the feedback data of the arc voltage tracking device and adjust the zonal voltage parameters according to the feedback data.

[0072] In this embodiment, in combination with the feedback data of the arc voltage tracking device, the welding control system can dynamically adjust the zonal voltage parameters (such as voltage compensation) to cope with the sudden disturbances during the welding process.

[0073] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0074] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-position surfacing method for reducing pipe, characterized in that: include: Dividing the inner wall of the reducer pipe (1) into a plurality of welding areas in the circumferential direction; Dynamically adjust the welding voltage according to the position of each welding area; Based on the dynamically adjusted welding voltage, the straight portion (11) of the inner wall is automatically surfacing welded by means of an adjustable angle welding gun; When the adjustable angle welding gun moves to the diameter-changing step portion (12) of the inner wall, the inclination angle of the adjustable angle welding gun is adjusted to face the diameter-changing step portion (12), and the diameter-changing step portion (12) is automatically surfacing welded.

2. The all-position surfacing method for reducing pipe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of dividing the inner wall of the reducer pipe (1) into a plurality of welding areas in the circumferential direction comprises: From the axial perspective of the reducer, the inner wall is divided into a top area (a), a left area (c), a bottom area (b) and a right area (d) that are adjacent to each other in sequence.

3. The all-position surfacing method for reducing pipe according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top area (a) and the bottom area (b) are arranged opposite to each other and cover a range of 60° respectively, and the left area (c) and the right area (d) are arranged opposite to each other and cover a range of 120° respectively.

4. The all-position surfacing method for reducing pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The welding voltages corresponding to the left area (c) and the right area (d) are the same, and the welding voltages corresponding to the left area (c) and the right area (d) are higher than the welding voltage corresponding to the top area (a), and lower than the welding voltage corresponding to the bottom area (b).

5. The all-position surfacing method for reducing pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight portion (11) comprises a large-diameter inner wall (111) and a small-diameter inner wall (112), and the diameter-changing step portion (12) is located between the large-diameter inner wall (111) and the small-diameter inner wall (112).

6. The all-position surfacing method for reducing pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic surfacing welding of the straight portion (11) of the inner wall by means of an adjustable angle welding gun comprises: First, the small-diameter inner wall (112) is built-up welded, then the large-diameter inner wall (111) is built-up welded, and finally the variable-diameter step portion (12) is built-up welded.

7. A surfacing device for implementing the all-position surfacing method in a reducer pipe as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The surfacing device comprises: An adjustable angle welding gun, the adjustable angle welding gun comprising a welding gun body and a servo elbow joint angle adjustment mechanism, the servo elbow joint angle adjustment mechanism being used to adjust the inclination angle of the welding gun body; Arc voltage tracking device is used to monitor and adjust the welding voltage in real time.

8. The surfacing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the welding gun body can be adjusted in the range of 0° to 45°.

9. The surfacing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a welding control system, which is configured with partition voltage parameters. The partition voltage parameters include welding voltage parameters corresponding to a plurality of welding areas divided circumferentially on the inner wall of the reducer.

10. The surfacing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The welding control system is used to receive feedback data from the arc voltage tracking device and adjust the partition voltage parameters according to the feedback data.

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