Method for monitoring state of high-voltage passive electrical connection component of transformer substation in real time

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of passive wireless temperature monitoring of electrical connection parts, and provides a transformer substation high-voltage passive electrical connection part state real-time monitoring method, which mainly comprises the following steps of: testing real-time temperature information of a line field electrical connection part in real time through a passive wireless temperature testing assembly; the working environment temperature information of the passive wireless temperature testing assembly is monitored through the environment temperature real-time monitoring system; setting a temperature value and early warning upper and lower limit values of the outgoing line field electrical connection component in an environment temperature standard state on the outgoing line field electrical connection component contact state real-time monitoring master control platform, and calculating dynamic early warning upper and lower limit values in various environment temperature states; and calculating the predicted heating values of the outgoing line field electrical connection component at different time points and the high-voltage bus side electrical connection component mechanically connected with the outgoing line field electrical connection component, reflecting the predicted state between the two electrical connection components by using the predicted heating values, and giving an alarm according to the predicted state between the two electrical connection components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of passive wireless temperature monitoring of electrical connection components, and particularly to a method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation. Background Art

[0002] All kinds of electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard of large power plants or substations play a key role in stabilizing and normal power transmission. At the same time, since they are moving components or the connected parts of two areas, they are also key control risk points for abnormalities and accidents. Common fault problems include internal stress, deformation and loosening, oxidation and corrosion, foreign object isolation, etc.

[0003] Due to the existence of the situation of movement and extrusion of materials during long-term operation, with the influence of the service life of the connection components, internal stress may cause slight deformation or small changes in butt angles, etc. The conductor connection part is prone to deformation and loosening, and insufficient contact pressure, resulting in an increase in the contact resistance at the contact position, leading to abnormal heating or even burning.

[0004] Due to reasons such as joint technology, after long-term operation, there are situations such as oxidation and corrosion or foreign object isolation formed by external impurities at the connection. This kind of situation will cause the temperature at the connection to remain relatively high. Continuing to work at a high temperature further aggravates the oxidation rate, the contact resistance rises, and even partial discharge occurs, thereby leading to local abnormal heating and temperature rise.

[0005] With the increasing degree of power development, the focus of China's power development has gradually shifted from traditional development and construction to a digital operation and management mode. To effectively improve the monitoring efficiency of temperature monitoring points in the station, it is necessary to install temperature sensors at the equipment wiring points in the outgoing line yard to achieve real-time high-precision monitoring of the temperature of key points of the equipment. There are generally two existing temperature sensing methods:

[0006] (1) Wired temperature sensor: It requires complex grooving and wiring as well as expensive later maintenance;

[0007] (2) Wireless temperature sensor: It faces the problem of high power consumption. In some scenarios, the battery life is short and it is not easy to replace the battery, facing battery anxiety.

[0008] At the same time, the single temperature sensing quantity is affected by a series of factors such as ambient temperature and load size. Using a single temperature sensing to judge whether the electrical connection component is in a normal working state will have the following problems:

[0009] (1) Adopting a single temperature determination method with high sensitivity: The calibrated range of normal temperature is too narrow. The temperature at the electrical connection component itself has certain changes due to the influence of ambient temperature, load size, etc. If a high-sensitivity determination method is used, it is easy to bring more false alarm signals, affecting the accuracy of the daily monitoring of the equipment operation state.

[0010] (2) Adopt the low-sensitivity single-temperature determination method: If the calibration range of the normal temperature is too wide, it will lead to slow response of the system alarm, large delay, and even ineffective early warning in the initial stage, resulting in the failure to detect the accident in the initial stage, and there is a risk of serious losses caused by the deterioration of the accident. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation, which can enable the sensing terminal of the electrical connection component to perform passive wireless temperature sensing without being powered by a wired power source or a battery, ensure the real-time nature of temperature monitoring and the convenience of maintenance, realize dynamic real-time monitoring of the electrical connection component, and can send alarm signals more accurately and timely, while reducing false alarms.

[0012] To solve its technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] A method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation includes the following steps:

[0014] Install the passive wireless temperature test component on the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and install the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system within a specified distance from the passive wireless temperature test component;

[0015] The microwave-driven sensing communication base station component emits microwaves to remotely drive the passive wireless temperature test component to work;

[0016] The passive wireless temperature test component real-time tests the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and performs analog-to-digital conversion, transmits it to the microwave-driven sensing communication base station component for storage and analysis, and transmits the stored and analyzed real-time temperature information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard. And monitor the working environment temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component through the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system and transmit it to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard;

[0017] Set the temperature value, warning upper limit value, and warning lower limit value of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard under the standard ambient temperature state on the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and calculate the dynamic warning upper limit value and dynamic warning lower limit value under various ambient temperature states based on the ambient temperature relationship under different ambient temperature states;

[0018] Obtain the temperature curves under different ambient temperature states, calculate the predicted heat generation of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard at different time points, as well as the predicted heat generation of the electrical connection components on the high-voltage bus side mechanically connected to the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard, and use these two predicted heat generations to reflect the predicted state between the two electrical connection components, and issue an alarm according to the predicted state between the two electrical connection components.

[0019] As a further optimization, each unit time of the microwave-driven sensing communication base station component collects the temperature information reported by the passive wireless temperature test component multiple times. The microwave-driven sensing communication base station will uniformly sort the collected temperature information data, and take the median as the effective value to transmit the temperature information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard.

[0020] As a further optimization, a microwave receiving circuit, a microwave energy conversion circuit, an energy management circuit, and a passive sensing circuit are arranged inside the passive wireless temperature test component, which are used to enable the passive wireless temperature test component to work normally without a power source;

[0021] The microwave receiving circuit is used to receive the microwave signal in the air, collect and filter the microwave signal, and obtain the basic conditions for obtaining microwave energy;

[0022] The microwave energy conversion circuit is used to convert the microwave energy into an energy form that can drive the sensing circuit to work;

[0023] The energy management circuit is a management circuit for the aggregated microwave energy, which is used to convert the unstable and discontinuous microwave energy into stable energy for the electrical appliances to work;

[0024] The passive sensing circuit is a sensing circuit adopting ultra-low power consumption technology, which is used to enable the sensing terminal to realize the perception of the measured temperature under an extremely low energy supply state.

[0025] As a further optimization, the ultra-low power consumption means that the power consumption is less than 100 μW, and the extremely low energy supply state means the energy at the -10 dBm level.

[0026] As a further optimization, the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system includes an ambient temperature sensing component and an ambient temperature analysis and transmission component;

[0027] After the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system monitors the real-time working ambient temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component, it transmits it to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard. Specifically, it means:

[0028] The real-time working ambient temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component is sensed by the ambient temperature sensing component and transmitted to the ambient temperature analysis and transmission component by wired or wireless means. After timestamping the real-time working ambient temperature information, the ambient temperature analysis and transmission component uniformly back-transmits it to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard.

[0029] As a further optimization, the expected states between the two electrical connection components include: the connection tightness and the contact resistance value between the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and the electrical connection component on the high-voltage bus side mechanically connected to it.

[0030] As a further optimization, the temperature value corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard is denoted as TEMP[A01], the temperature value corresponding to the real-time working ambient temperature information is denoted as TEMP[E01], the temperature value of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard under the standard ambient temperature state is denoted as TEMP[E_default], the warning upper limit value is denoted as TEMP[max], the warning lower limit value is denoted as TEMP[min], and the dynamic warning upper limit value under various ambient temperature states is denoted as TEMP[max_t], and the dynamic warning lower limit value is denoted as TEMP[min_t].

[0031] As a further optimization, based on the ambient temperature relationship under different ambient temperature states, the dynamic warning upper limit value and the dynamic warning lower limit value under various ambient temperature states are calculated, and their calculation formulas are:

[0032] TEMP[max_t] = TEMP[max] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default])

[0033] TEMP[min_t] = TEMP[min] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default]).

[0034] As a further optimization, the compensated dynamic warning upper limit value TEMP[max_tf] and the compensated dynamic warning lower limit value TEMP[min_tf] are determined by adding the dynamic compensation coefficients at each temperature difference;

[0035] According to the heat transfer coefficient k corresponding to the materials of the two electrical connection components to be measured, and the difference between the temperature value TEMP[A01] corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and the temperature value TEMP[E01] corresponding to the real-time working ambient temperature information, the dynamic temperature compensation algorithm is determined;

[0036] Calculate the true temperatures at two electrical connection components through a dynamic temperature compensation algorithm, calculate two true heat generation amounts based on the true temperatures, and use these two true heat generation amounts to reflect the true state between the two electrical connection components.

[0037] As a further optimization, the determined dynamic temperature compensation algorithm refers to:

[0038] When the temperature reaches a steady state, the self-heat generation amount Q1 of the electrical connection component per unit time is equal to the heat amount Q2 transferred to the air. Based on the relationship between the difference between the temperature value TEMP[A01] corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and the temperature value TEMP[E01] corresponding to the real-time working environment temperature information and the heat conduction speed, obtain the self-heat generation amount of the electrical connection component, and inversely calculate the contact resistance reference value of the electrical connection component based on the self-heat generation amount combined with the current value I at that time, which is used to reflect the connection performance state of the electrical connection component. e is the Euler number, and the specific expressions of Q1 and Q2 in unit time t are as follows:

[0039] Q1 = Q2 = (TEMP[A01] - TEMP[E01]) × e (-kt)

[0040] Contact resistance reference value R = Q1 / (I 2 t).

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. Wired sensors are used for temperature sensing. Although temperature monitoring can be achieved, the deployment cost of the wired method is relatively high. At the same time, deploying wired power supply facilities under conditions above 220 KV will bring greater power supply instability and safety risks. The wireless temperature measurement method that can achieve long-term stable operation through the present invention can avoid many problems of wired temperature measurement.

[0043] 2. The wireless temperature measurement method using batteries can be deployed relatively conveniently without power supply. However, high-voltage connection components above 220 KV are in a live state during daily work, and personnel are not allowed to approach under live conditions. The periodic power outage maintenance cycle can be up to more than 24 months at the longest. If the wireless sensors using batteries have low battery power and other situations and cannot be replaced in time, the system cannot operate. Using large-capacity batteries will bring unsafe risks due to the instability of the batteries themselves. Although reducing the sampling frequency can effectively extend the battery life, it will have a negative impact on the response rate and monitoring and early warning timeliness of the system. Through the present invention, the temperature sensing terminal can work continuously without batteries, without the need to replace the batteries, and achieve almost permanent maintenance-free ability.

[0044] 3. In existing methods, the connection state is generally judged by the temperature at the connection component to determine whether there is an increase in contact resistance. However, the judgment of a single problem is affected by factors such as environmental temperature, resulting in situations such as untimely system response or false alarms. The present invention can further comprehensively analyze the temperature at the connection and other parameters through modeling to ensure the timeliness and stability of the system response while avoiding false alarms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a system structure block diagram when this embodiment uses a method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a specific working flowchart of a method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation in this embodiment.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a working timing diagram of the temperature monitoring and alarm signal sending mechanism in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0049] Embodiment

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation, including the following steps:

[0051] Install a passive wireless temperature test component on the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and install an ambient temperature real-time monitoring system within a specified distance from the passive wireless temperature test component.

[0052] The microwave-driven sensing communication base station component emits microwaves to remotely drive the passive wireless temperature test component to work.

[0053] The passive wireless temperature test component real-time tests the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and performs analog-to-digital conversion, transmits it to the microwave-driven sensing communication base station component for storage and analysis, and transmits the stored and analyzed real-time temperature information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard. The ambient temperature real-time monitoring system monitors the working environment temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component and transmits it to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard.

[0054] On the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard, set the temperature value, early warning upper limit value, and early warning lower limit value of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard under the standard ambient temperature state, and calculate the dynamic early warning upper limit value and dynamic early warning lower limit value under various ambient temperature states based on the ambient temperature relationship under different ambient temperature states;

[0055] Obtain the temperature curves under different ambient temperature states, calculate the predicted heat generation of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard at different time points, and the predicted heat generation of the electrical connection components on the high-voltage bus side mechanically connected to the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard, and use these two predicted heat generations to reflect the predicted state between the two electrical connection components, and give an alarm according to the predicted state between the two electrical connection components.

[0056] Here, in order to ensure the accuracy of the temperature, each unit time of the microwave-driven sensing communication base station component collects the temperature information reported by the passive wireless temperature test component multiple times (generally 5 to 10 times). Since the temperature is a slow-varying signal, the microwave-driven sensing communication base station will sort the collected temperature information data uniformly, and take the median as the effective value to transmit the temperature information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard.

[0057] This embodiment is based on microwave-driven technology and takes the passive wireless temperature sensor as the core. It uses the variable-frequency microwave generated by microwave driving as the carrier to load the state information, realizing the passivation and wirelessization of the sensor end, thus being able to overcome many problems brought by line laying construction, breaking the high-voltage safety distance, and maintenance.

[0058] See Figure 1 , for the temperature monitoring part, it mainly includes a passive wireless temperature real-time monitoring system and an ambient temperature real-time monitoring system. The passive wireless temperature real-time monitoring system is mainly used to test the real-time temperature state of the electrical connection components at the site, and is composed of a microwave-driven sensing communication base station component and a passive wireless temperature test component; the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system is mainly used for the real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature, and is composed of an ambient temperature sensing component and an ambient temperature analysis and transmission component. The ambient temperature sensing component is powered by a battery and is installed near the passive wireless temperature test component to facilitate monitoring the working ambient temperature of the passive wireless temperature test component, and at the same time take into account the maintenance convenience of replacing the battery.

[0059] When this embodiment is specifically applied, see Figure 2 , this embodiment can be realized by the following steps:

[0060] 1. When the system starts to work, the electrical connection component A (the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard) combines with the electrical connection component B (the electrical connection component on the high-voltage bus side mechanically connected to the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard). The high voltage on the high-voltage bus is sent to the transmission line. Once the system starts to work, it will maintain the working state for a long time. During the process, it will not disconnect the connection or stop working unless there are special reasons and periodic inspections.

[0061] 2. After the system starts to work, personnel near the electrical connection component cannot operate. At this time, the microwave-driven sensing communication base station transmitting component drives the passive wireless temperature test component installed on the electrical connection component A to work.

[0062] 3. The passive wireless temperature test component has a microwave receiving circuit, a microwave transducer circuit, an energy management circuit, and a passive sensing circuit inside. These circuits can ensure the normal operation of the passive wireless temperature test component without a power supply. The specific working process is as follows:

[0063] The microwave receiving circuit receives the microwave signal in the air, and collects and filters the microwave signal to obtain the basic conditions for obtaining microwave energy;

[0064] The microwave transducer circuit converts the microwave energy into an energy form that can drive the sensing circuit to work through special devices and circuit forms;

[0065] The energy management circuit is the management circuit for the collected microwave energy, which can convert the unstable and discontinuous microwave energy into stable energy for the electrical appliances to work;

[0066] The passive sensing circuit is a sensing circuit using ultra-low power consumption technology, enabling the sensing terminal to perceive the measured temperature under an extremely low energy supply state. Here, the passive sensing circuit is a sensing circuit using ultra-low power consumption technology less than 100 μW, used to enable the passive wireless temperature test component to perceive the measured temperature under the energy supply state of -10 dBm level.

[0067] 4. After the passive wireless temperature test component converts the temperature to be measured into an electronic signal, it sends this signal back to the microwave-driven sensing communication base station for storage and analysis, and finally sends the temperature information of the electrical connection component A to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard. At this time, the information collected is: the real-time temperature TEMP[A01] of the electrical connection component A (the temperature value corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard).

[0068] 5. The ambient temperature real-time monitoring system remains in a working state for a long time. It transmits ambient temperature information to the ambient temperature analysis and transmission component through the ambient temperature sensing component. The transmission method can be wired or wireless. After the ambient temperature analysis and transmission component adds a timestamp, it uniformly transmits the information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard. At this time, the information collected is: the real-time temperature TEMP[E01] of the external environment (the temperature value corresponding to the working environment temperature information).

[0069] 6. After the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard receives the following information, it establishes a data analysis method based on these types of original data, specifically as follows:

[0070] Set the value under the standard state of the ambient temperature as TEMP[E_default] (the temperature value of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard under the standard state of the ambient temperature), and the early warning upper and lower limits are TEMP[max] and TEMP[min] respectively;

[0071] Collect the real-time temperature TEMP[A01] of electrical connection component A through the passive wireless method and the ambient temperature TEMP[E01] collected by conventional means;

[0072] Under various ambient temperature states, the dynamic early warning upper and lower limits are TEMP[max_t] and TEMP[min_t] respectively;

[0073] According to the relationship of the ambient temperature under different conditions, the calculation methods of TEMP[max_t] and TEMP[min_t] are as follows:

[0074] TEMP[max_t] = TEMP[max] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default])

[0075] TEMP[min_t] = TEMP[min] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default]).

[0076] 7. Obtain the temperature curves under different ambient temperature states. The working timing diagram of the temperature monitoring and alarm signal emission mechanism is specifically shown in Figure 3 , Figure 3 In it, the abscissa time represents time, and the ordinate p[tx] represents temperature.

[0077] 8. According to the temperature curves under different environmental conditions, the approximate heat generation of the electrical connection components A and B at each time point can be estimated, so as to reflect the connection tightness and contact resistance of the electrical connection components, etc., and thus realize timely alarm, avoid the further decline of contact performance caused by heat accumulation, and then continue to increase heat generation to form a vicious cycle, resulting in the expansion of the accident and serious consequences.

[0078] 9. Subsequently, the dynamic compensation coefficients at different temperature differences can be further added to determine more accurate alarm upper and lower limit temperature values TEMP[max_tf] and TEMP[min_tf]. According to the heat transfer coefficient k corresponding to the material of the electrical connection component to be measured, and the difference between the heat generation equilibrium temperature TEMP[A01] of the electrical connection component A and the ambient air temperature TEMP[E01], a dynamic temperature compensation algorithm is determined to further reflect the true temperature at the electrical connection component, and based on this, a more accurate heat generation is calculated, and this is used as an indirect index to reflect the contact condition and contact resistance size of the electrical connection component. Based on this as the monitoring basis, the dynamic real-time monitoring of the electrical connection component is realized. Therefore, this embodiment can issue alarm signals more accurately and timely, and at the same time reduce false alarms.

[0079] In this embodiment, the determined dynamic temperature compensation algorithm refers to:

[0080] When the temperature reaches a stable state, the self-heat generation Q1 of the electrical connection component per unit time is equal to the heat transferred to the air Q2. According to the relationship between the difference between the temperature value TEMP[A01] corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and the temperature value TEMP[E01] corresponding to the real-time working environment temperature information and the heat conduction speed, the self-heat generation of the electrical connection component can be obtained, and based on the self-heat generation and combined with the current value I at that time, the contact resistance reference value of the electrical connection component is calculated in reverse, so as to more accurately reflect the connection performance state of the electrical connection component. e is the Euler number. The specific expressions of Q1 and Q2 in unit time t are as follows:

[0081] Q1 = Q2 = (TEMP[A01] - TEMP[E01]) × e (-kt)

[0082] Contact resistance reference value R = Q1 / (I 2 t).

[0083] Therefore, this embodiment ensures the real-time temperature monitoring of the high-voltage electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard under the condition of continuous power operation for a long time, and uses the real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature as an auxiliary means to dynamically determine the warning value, further improving the timeliness, reliability and stability of the temperature monitoring of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: Install a passive wireless temperature test component on the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and install an ambient temperature real-time monitoring system within a specified distance from the passive wireless temperature test component; The microwave-driven sensing communication base station component emits microwaves to remotely drive the passive wireless temperature test component to work; The passive wireless temperature test component real-time tests the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and performs analog-to-digital conversion, and transmits it to the microwave-driven sensing communication base station component for storage and analysis. The real-time temperature information after storage and analysis is transmitted back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and the working ambient temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component is monitored through the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system and then transmitted to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard; Set the temperature value, warning upper limit value and warning lower limit value of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard under the standard ambient temperature state in the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and calculate the dynamic warning upper limit value and dynamic warning lower limit value under various ambient temperature states based on the ambient temperature relationship under different ambient temperature states; Obtain the temperature curves under different ambient temperature states, calculate the expected heat generation of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard at different time points, and the expected heat generation of the high-voltage busbar side electrical connection component mechanically connected to the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard, and use these two expected heat generations to reflect the expected state between the two electrical connection components, and alarm according to the expected state between the two electrical connection components.

2. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave-driven sensing communication base station component collects the temperature information reported by the passive wireless temperature test component multiple times per unit time. The microwave-driven sensing communication base station will sort the collected temperature information data uniformly, and take the median as the effective value and transmit the temperature information back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard.

3. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A microwave receiving circuit, a microwave energy conversion circuit, an energy management circuit and a passive sensing circuit are arranged inside the passive wireless temperature test component to enable the passive wireless temperature test component to work normally without a power source; The microwave receiving circuit is used to receive the microwave signal in the air, collect and filter the microwave signal, and obtain the basic conditions for obtaining microwave energy; The microwave energy conversion circuit is used to convert the microwave energy into an energy form that can drive the sensing circuit to work; The energy management circuit is a management circuit for the aggregated microwave energy, and is used to convert the unstable and discontinuous microwave energy into stable energy for the electrical appliances to work; The passive sensing circuit is a sensing circuit adopting ultra-low power consumption technology, and is used to enable the sensing terminal to realize the perception of the measured temperature under an extremely low energy supply state.

4. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ultra-low power consumption means that the power consumption is less than 100 μW, and the extremely low energy supply state means the energy at the -10 dBm level.

5. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system includes an ambient temperature sensing component and an ambient temperature analysis and transmission component; after the ambient temperature real-time monitoring system monitors the real-time working ambient temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component and transmits it to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard, specifically: perceive the real-time working ambient temperature information of the passive wireless temperature test component through the ambient temperature sensing component, and transmit it to the ambient temperature analysis and transmission component by wire or wirelessly. The ambient temperature analysis and transmission component stamps the real-time working ambient temperature information with a time stamp and then uniformly transmits it back to the real-time monitoring master control platform for the contact state of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard.

6. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the expected states between the two electrical connection components include: the connection tightness and the contact resistance value between the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard and the electrical connection component on the high-voltage bus side mechanically connected thereto.

7. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the temperature value corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard is denoted as TEMP[A01], the temperature value corresponding to the real-time working ambient temperature information is denoted as TEMP[E01], the temperature value of the electrical connection component in the outgoing line yard under the standard ambient temperature state is denoted as TEMP[E_default], the warning upper limit value is denoted as TEMP[max], the warning lower limit value is denoted as TEMP[min], and the dynamic warning upper limit value under various ambient temperature states is denoted as TEMP[max_t], and the dynamic warning lower limit value is denoted as TEMP[min_t].

8. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, based on the ambient temperature relationship under different ambient temperature states, calculate the dynamic warning upper limit value and the dynamic warning lower limit value under various ambient temperature states, and the calculation formula is: TEMP[max_t] = TEMP[max] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default]) TEMP[min_t] = TEMP[min] + (TEMP[E01] - TEMP[E_default]).

9. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of a high-voltage passive electrical connection component in a substation according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determine the upper limit value TEMP[max_tf] of the dynamic early warning after compensation and the lower limit value TEMP[min_tf] of the dynamic early warning after compensation by adding the dynamic compensation coefficients at different temperature differences; Determine the dynamic temperature compensation algorithm according to the heat transfer coefficient k corresponding to the materials of the two electrical connection components to be measured and the difference between the temperature value TEMP[A01] corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard and the temperature value TEMP[E01] corresponding to the real-time working environment temperature information; Calculate the true temperatures at the two electrical connection components through the dynamic temperature compensation algorithm, calculate the two true heat generation amounts based on the true temperatures, and use these two true heat generation amounts to reflect the true state between the two electrical connection components.

10. A method for real-time monitoring of the state of high-voltage passive electrical connection components in a substation according to claim 9, characterized in that, the determined dynamic temperature compensation algorithm refers to: When the temperature reaches a stable state, the self-heat generation amount Q1 of the electrical connection component within unit time is equal to the heat Q2 transferred to the air. According to the relationship between the difference between the temperature value TEMP[A01] corresponding to the real-time temperature information of the electrical connection components in the outgoing line yard and the temperature value TEMP[E01] corresponding to the real-time working environment temperature information and the heat conduction speed, obtain the self-heat generation amount of the electrical connection component, and based on the self-heat generation amount and the current value I at that time, calculate the contact resistance reference value of the electrical connection component in reverse to reflect the connection performance state of the electrical connection component. e is the Euler number. The specific expressions of Q1 and Q2 within unit time t are as follows: Q1 = Q2 = (TEMP[A01] - TEMP[E01]) × e (-kt) The reference value of the contact resistance R = Q1 / (I 2 t).

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