Seismic data processing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data processing method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that seismic data to be processed are acquired, the seismic data to be processed comprise n channels of data, shot point actual data, detection point actual data and imaging point position data of the ith channel of data are acquired, and the total travel time of the ith channel of data is determined according to the shot point actual data, the detection point actual data and the imaging point position data, and performing pre-stack offset processing on the n channels of data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel of data. According to the method, the total travel time of each channel of data is directly determined according to the shot point actual data, the detection point actual data and the imaging point position data of each channel of data in the seismic data to be processed, and then the pre-stack migration processing is performed on all channels of data according to the total travel time of each channel of data. The influence of the static correction processing process on the seismic data time migration processing precision is reduced, and the calculation efficiency and the imaging effect are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and particularly to a seismic data processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration, prestack time migration is an important processing procedure. Since prestack time migration has low requirements for the velocity model and relatively high computational efficiency compared to prestack depth migration, prestack time migration has become an imaging method widely used in seismic data processing.

[0003] Prestack time migration was initially based on horizontal surface migration. In complex surface work areas, after static correction processing of the collected data, the complex surface data needs to be corrected to a fixed horizontal plane before prestack time migration can be performed. With the continuous development of oil and gas exploration towards areas with complex surfaces and complex structures, the seismic data processing effect of prestack migration on horizontal surfaces for complex areas with large surface undulations can no longer meet the exploration requirements. Therefore, prestack time migration methods for complex surfaces have emerged continuously, such as prestack time migration for undulating surfaces. The prestack time migration method for undulating surfaces first smooths the complex surface into a relatively gentle undulating surface and performs prestack time migration based on the undulating surface, resulting in a significant improvement in the processing effect. However, prestack time migration for undulating surfaces still relies on static correction processing. In complex surface areas, static correction processing has always been a difficult point, and it is difficult to obtain accurate static correction results, ultimately affecting the accuracy of migration imaging.

[0004] Therefore, the current seismic data processing technology has the technical problem of low accuracy in the effectiveness of prestack time migration in complex surface areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To alleviate the technical problem of low accuracy in the effectiveness of prestack time migration in complex surface areas existing in the current technology, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data processing method, including:

[0007] Obtain seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n traces of data;

[0008] Obtain the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data;

[0009] Determine the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data;

[0010] Perform prestack migration processing on the n traces of data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace of data.

[0011] In some embodiments, obtaining the actual data of the shot point, the actual data of the geophone point, and the position data of the imaging point for the i-th trace data includes:

[0012] Analyzing the acquired seismic trace data in the i-th trace data to obtain the shot point coordinates and the shot point surface elevation in the actual data of the shot point;

[0013] Analyzing the migration input trace data in the i-th trace data to obtain the geophone point coordinates and the geophone point surface elevation in the actual data of the geophone point;

[0014] Determining the imaging point coordinates and the imaging point surface elevation in the position data of the imaging point according to the set imaging point position parameters.

[0015] In some embodiments, determining the total travel time of the i-th trace data according to the actual data of the shot point, the actual data of the geophone point, and the position data of the imaging point includes:

[0016] Determining the shot point travel time according to the shot point coordinates, the shot point surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation;

[0017] Determining the geophone point travel time according to the geophone point coordinates, the geophone point surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation;

[0018] Determining the total travel time according to the shot point travel time and the geophone point travel time.

[0019] In some embodiments, determining the shot point travel time according to the shot point coordinates, the shot point surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation includes:

[0020] Determining the horizontal distance from the shot point to the imaging point according to the imaging point coordinates and the shot point coordinates;

[0021] Determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the shot point surface elevation and the imaging point surface elevation;

[0022] Determining the shot point travel time according to the horizontal distance from the shot point to the imaging point and the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point.

[0023] In some embodiments, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the shot point surface elevation and the imaging point surface elevation includes:

[0024] When the shot point surface elevation is higher than the imaging point surface elevation, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth;

[0025] When the surface elevation of the shot point is lower than that of the imaging point, the vertical time difference from the shot point to the imaging point depth is determined according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the shot point, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

[0026] In some embodiments, the determining the travel time of the geophone point according to the geophone point coordinates, the surface elevation of the geophone point, the imaging point coordinates, and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes:

[0027] Determine the horizontal distance from the imaging point to the geophone point according to the imaging point coordinates and the geophone point coordinates;

[0028] Determine the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point;

[0029] Determine the travel time of the geophone point according to the horizontal distance from the geophone point to the imaging point and the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth.

[0030] In some embodiments, the determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes:

[0031] When the surface elevation of the geophone point is higher than that of the imaging point, determine the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth;

[0032] When the surface elevation of the geophone point is lower than that of the imaging point, determine the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the geophone point, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

[0033] In some embodiments, the performing prestack migration processing on the n-channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data includes:

[0034] Perform migration on the amplitude values at the corresponding time of the i-th channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data to obtain the migration result of the i-th channel data;

[0035] Perform imaging result superposition on the migration results of all the i-th channel data in the n-channel data to obtain the prestack migration result of the seismic data to be processed.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic data processing device, including:

[0037] A first acquisition module, configured to acquire seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n-channel data;

[0038] A second acquisition module, configured to acquire the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data;

[0039] A determination module, configured to determine the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data;

[0040] A processing module, configured to perform prestack migration processing on the n traces of data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace of data.

[0041] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored on the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0042] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the present invention can at least bring the following beneficial effects:

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic data processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method includes: acquiring seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n traces of data; acquiring the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data; determining the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data; and performing prestack migration processing on the n traces of data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace of data. In the method provided in this solution, the total travel time of each trace of data is directly determined according to the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of each trace of the seismic data to be processed, and then prestack migration processing is performed on all traces of data according to the total travel time of each trace of data. This method does not rely on static correction processing, reduces the influence of the static correction processing process on the time migration processing accuracy of seismic data, provides an efficient imaging method for prestack time migration processing in complex areas, and improves the calculation efficiency and imaging effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0046] Figure 1 It is the first process schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 It is the second process schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 It is the pre-stack time migration schematic diagram relying on static correction data in the prior art provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 It is the pre-stack time migration schematic diagram without relying on static correction data provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 It is the structural schematic diagram of the seismic data processing device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0051] In the accompanying drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Embodiment

[0052] The following will combine the accompanying drawings and embodiments to detail the implementation manners of the present application, so as to fully understand how the present application uses technical means to solve technical problems and the implementation process of achieving corresponding technical effects and implement accordingly. Each feature in the embodiments of the present application and the embodiments can be combined with each other on the premise of not conflicting, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present application.

[0053] Meanwhile, in the following description, many specific details are set forth for the purpose of explanation to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details or in a specific manner described herein.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] Based on the seismic data processing technology of pre-stack time migration using the Kirchhoff integral method, the embodiment of the present application transforms the travel time calculation process to implement a pre-stack time migration processing method that directly calculates the travel time from the surface elevation, avoiding the influence of complex surface static correction processing, improving the calculation efficiency and imaging effect, and providing an efficient imaging method for pre-stack time migration processing in complex areas.

[0056] Figure 1 It is the first process schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Please refer to Figure 1 , the seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment includes:

[0057] Step S110: Obtain the seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n traces of data.

[0058] In this embodiment, the seismic data to be processed refers to the seismic data to be subjected to prestack time migration.

[0059] Step S120: Obtain the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data.

[0060] In this application, the actual shot data and actual geophone data refer to the true surface elevation data of the shot and geophone of the seismic trace without static correction.

[0061] In some embodiments, the obtaining of the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data includes: parsing the acquired seismic trace data in the i-th trace of data to obtain the shot coordinates and shot surface elevation in the actual shot data; parsing the migrated input trace data in the i-th trace of data to obtain the geophone coordinates and geophone surface elevation in the actual geophone data; and determining the imaging point coordinates and imaging point surface elevation in the imaging point position data according to the set imaging point position parameters.

[0062] In this embodiment, the acquired seismic trace has not undergone static correction.

[0063] Specifically, read the acquired seismic trace data in the i-th trace of data that has not undergone static correction to obtain the shot coordinates and shot surface elevation; calculate the imaging point coordinates and imaging point surface elevation according to the set imaging point position parameters; read the migrated input trace data in the i-th trace of data to obtain the geophone coordinates and geophone surface elevation.

[0064] Step S130: Determine the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data.

[0065] In some embodiments, the determining of the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data includes: determining the shot travel time according to the shot coordinates, the shot surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation; determining the geophone travel time according to the geophone coordinates, the geophone surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation; and determining the total travel time according to the shot travel time and the geophone travel time.

[0066] Here, the total travel time T needs to be determined according to the shot travel time Ts and the geophone travel time T. r to be determined. The shot travel time Ts is calculated according to the shot coordinates, the shot surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation, and the geophone travel time T.r Calculated based on the geophone coordinates, the surface elevation of the geophone, the imaging point coordinates, and the surface elevation of the imaging point; adding the calculated travel time Ts of the shot point and the travel time T of the geophone r to obtain the total travel time T.

[0067] In some embodiments, determining the travel time of the shot point according to the shot point coordinates, the surface elevation of the shot point, the imaging point coordinates, and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: determining the horizontal distance from the shot point to the imaging point according to the imaging point coordinates and the shot point coordinates; determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the surface elevation of the shot point and the surface elevation of the imaging point; and determining the travel time of the shot point according to the horizontal distance from the shot point to the imaging point and the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point.

[0068] Specifically, according to the imaging point coordinates and the shot point coordinates, calculate the horizontal distance H from the shot point to the imaging point s ; subtract the surface elevation of the shot point from the surface elevation of the imaging point to obtain the elevation difference, calculate the elevation difference travel time (i.e., the elevation difference travel time difference) from the elevation difference and the imaging point velocity, and then obtain the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point (i.e., the vertical travel time T of the shot point to the imaging point depth 0 ), and then calculate the travel time of the shot point using formula (1), and formula (1) is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] wherein, in the formula, T 0 is the vertical travel time from the shot point to the imaging point (i.e., the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point), H s is the horizontal distance from the shot point to the imaging point, and V represents the imaging point velocity.

[0071] In some embodiments, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the surface elevation of the shot point and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: when the surface elevation of the shot point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth; when the surface elevation of the shot point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot point to the imaging point according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the shot point, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

[0072] Specifically, when determining the vertical time difference from the shot point to the imaging point depth based on the surface elevation of the shot point and the surface elevation of the imaging point, it is necessary to judge the magnitudes of the surface elevation of the shot point and the surface elevation of the imaging point, that is, to determine them separately according to whether the surface elevation of the shot point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point and whether the surface elevation of the shot point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point. If the surface elevation of the shot point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, then take the surface velocity at the imaging point position and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the shot point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time (the elevation difference divided by the surface velocity at the imaging point position), and add the calculated elevation difference travel time to the time corresponding to the imaging point depth to obtain the vertical time difference T from the shot point to the imaging point depth 0 ; if the surface elevation of the shot point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point, then take the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the shot point and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the shot point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time, and subtract the elevation difference travel time from the time corresponding to the imaging point depth to obtain the vertical time difference T from the shot point to the imaging point depth 0 .

[0073] In some embodiments, the determining the travel time of the geophone point according to the geophone point coordinates, the surface elevation of the geophone point, the imaging point coordinates, and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: determining the horizontal distance from the imaging point to the geophone point according to the imaging point coordinates and the geophone point coordinates; determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point; and determining the travel time of the geophone point according to the horizontal distance from the geophone point to the imaging point and the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth

[0074] Specifically, according to the imaging point coordinates and the geophone point coordinates, calculate the horizontal distance H from the geophone point to the imaging point r ; subtract the surface elevation of the geophone point from the surface elevation of the imaging point to obtain the elevation difference, calculate the elevation difference travel time (i.e., the elevation difference travel time) from the elevation difference and the imaging point velocity, and then obtain the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth (i.e., the vertical travel time T from the geophone point to the imaging point 1 ), and then calculate the travel time of the geophone point using formula (2), and formula (2) is as follows

[0075]

[0076] wherein, in the formula, T 1 is the vertical travel time (i.e., the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth), H r is the horizontal distance from the geophone point to the imaging point, and V represents the imaging point velocity

[0077] In some embodiments, determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: when the surface elevation of the geophone point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth; when the surface elevation of the geophone point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the geophone point, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

[0078] Specifically, it can be seen from the travel time calculation formula that the calculation of the vertical time difference has an important impact on the accuracy of the travel time. In this embodiment, based on the travel time calculation of the surface elevation, since the surface of the shot point and the imaging point are at different elevations, there is a problem of selecting the velocity model when calculating the vertical time difference. Here, when determining the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth according to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point, it is necessary to judge the magnitude of the surface elevation of the geophone point and the surface elevation of the imaging point, that is, to determine separately according to whether the surface elevation of the geophone point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point and whether the surface elevation of the geophone point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point. If the surface elevation of the geophone point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, then take the surface velocity at the imaging point position and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the geophone point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time difference (the elevation difference divided by the surface velocity at the imaging point position), and add the calculated elevation difference travel time difference to the time corresponding to the imaging point depth to obtain the vertical time difference T from the geophone point to the imaging point depth. 1 ; if the surface elevation of the geophone point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point, then take the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the geophone point and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the geophone point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time difference, and subtract the elevation difference travel time difference from the time corresponding to the imaging point depth to obtain the vertical time difference T from the geophone point to the imaging point depth. 1 .

[0079] Step S140: Perform prestack migration processing on the n-channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data.

[0080] In this embodiment, the total travel time T of the i-th channel data is the sum of the shot point travel time Ts and the geophone point travel time T r , that is, as shown in the following formula (3):

[0081] T = Ts + T r (3)

[0082] In some embodiments, performing prestack migration processing on the n-channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data includes: offsetting the amplitude values at the corresponding time of the i-th channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data to obtain the offset result of the i-th channel data; superimposing the offset results of all the i-th channel data in the n-channel data to obtain the prestack migration result of the seismic data to be processed.

[0083] Specifically, using the total travel time, extracting the amplitude values at the corresponding time of the i-th channel data for offset calculation to obtain the offset result of the i-th channel data; superimposing the offset results of all the i-th channel data in the n-channel data of the seismic data to be processed, that is, superimposing the offset results of each channel data on each other to obtain the prestack migration result of the seismic data to be processed. Thus, the prestack migration processing is completed.

[0084] That is, the method provided in this embodiment directly determines the total travel time of each channel data based on the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of each channel data in the seismic data to be processed, and then performs prestack migration processing on all channel data according to the total travel time of each channel data. This method does not rely on static correction processing, reduces the influence of the static correction processing process on the time migration processing accuracy of seismic data, provides an efficient imaging method for prestack time migration processing in complex areas, and improves the calculation efficiency and imaging effect.

[0085] Embodiment 2

[0086] Figure 2 This is the second process schematic diagram of the seismic data processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Please refer to Figure 2 , the seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment includes:

[0087] Step 2l0: The program starts.

[0088] In this embodiment, a seismic data processing program is started in the electronic device.

[0089] Step 220: Read in one channel of data.

[0090] In this embodiment, first obtain the seismic data to be processed, and the seismic data to be processed includes n channels of data; read in the i-th channel of data.

[0091] Step 230: Calculate the travel time path of the shot point.

[0092] In this embodiment, the starting path during travel is the true surface elevation (i.e., the actual surface elevation) before the static correction of the seismic source point and geophone point. The travel time path is calculated from the true surface elevation of the source-receiver points to the imaging point. For the i-th trace data read, the surface elevation of the source point and the surface elevation of the geophone point of the trace data are read; according to the imaging position, the surface elevation of the imaging point and the depth of the imaging point are determined; starting from the surface elevation of the source point and ending at the depth of the imaging point, the travel time path of the source point is calculated. Specifically, the uncorrected acquired seismic trace data in the i-th trace is read to obtain the source point coordinates and the surface elevation of the source point; according to the set imaging point position parameters, the imaging point coordinates and the surface elevation of the imaging point are calculated; according to the imaging point coordinates and the source point coordinates, the horizontal distance H from the source point to the imaging point is calculated s 。

[0093] Step 240: Calculate the travel time of the source point.

[0094] In this embodiment, the travel time of the source point is calculated using formula (1), and formula (1) is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] where, in the formula, T 0 is the vertical travel time from the source point to the imaging point (i.e., the vertical time difference corresponding to the depth from the source point to the imaging point), H s is the horizontal distance from the source point to the imaging point, and V represents the velocity of the imaging point.

[0097] Here, H s has been calculated in step 230; the determination method of T 0 is: subtract the surface elevation of the source point from the surface elevation of the imaging point to obtain the elevation difference, calculate the elevation difference travel time (i.e., the elevation difference travel time difference) from the elevation difference and the velocity of the imaging point, and then according to the elevation difference travel time difference and the time corresponding to the depth of the imaging point, obtain the vertical time difference from the source point to the depth of the imaging point (i.e., the vertical travel time T 0 ) of the source point to the imaging point.

[0098] In some embodiments, when determining the vertical time difference T 0 from the source point to the depth of the imaging point, it is necessary to judge the magnitude of the surface elevation of the source point and the surface elevation of the imaging point, that is, to determine respectively according to whether the surface elevation of the source point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point and whether the surface elevation of the source point is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point. If the surface elevation of the source point is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, then take the surface velocity at the imaging point position and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the source point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time (the elevation difference divided by the surface velocity at the imaging point position), and add the calculated elevation difference travel time to the time corresponding to the depth of the imaging point to obtain the vertical time difference T 0; if the surface elevation of the shot point is lower than that of the imaging point, take the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the shot point and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and that of the shot point) to calculate the elevation difference travel time difference, and subtract the elevation difference travel time difference from the time corresponding to the imaging point depth to obtain the vertical time difference T from the shot point to the imaging point depth 0 。

[0099] Step 250: Calculate the travel time path of the geophone point

[0100] In this embodiment, parse the migrated input trace data in the i-th trace to obtain the geophone point coordinates and the surface elevation of the geophone point in the actual data of the geophone point; determine the surface elevation and depth of the imaging point according to the imaging position; calculate the travel time path of the geophone point with the depth of the imaging point as the starting point and the surface elevation position of the geophone point as the ending point. Specifically, calculate the horizontal distance H from the geophone point to the imaging point according to the imaging point coordinates and the geophone point coordinates r 。

[0101] Step 260: Calculate the travel time of the geophone point

[0102] In this embodiment, calculate the travel time of the geophone point by using formula (2), and formula (2) is shown as follows

[0103]

[0104] wherein, T in the formula 1 is the vertical travel time (i.e., the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth), H r is the horizontal distance from the geophone point to the imaging point, and V represents the imaging point velocity

[0105] Here, H r has been calculated in step 250; the determination method of T 1 is: subtract the surface elevation of the geophone point from the surface elevation of the imaging point to obtain the elevation difference, calculate the elevation difference travel time (i.e., the elevation difference travel time difference) from the elevation difference and the imaging point velocity, and then obtain the vertical time difference from the geophone point to the imaging point depth (i.e., the vertical travel time T of the geophone point to the imaging point 1 )

[0106] In some embodiments, determine the vertical time difference T from the geophone point to the imaging point depth 1When the ground elevation of the detection point and the ground elevation of the imaging point are determined, the ground elevation of the detection point is higher than the ground elevation of the imaging point and the ground elevation of the detection point is lower than the ground elevation of the imaging point. If the ground elevation of the detection point is higher than the ground elevation of the imaging point, the ground velocity at the imaging point and the ground elevation difference (the difference between the ground elevation of the imaging point and the ground elevation of the detection point) are taken to calculate the elevation difference travel time difference (the elevation difference divided by the ground velocity at the imaging point). The calculated elevation difference travel time difference is added to the time corresponding to the depth of the imaging point to obtain the vertical time difference T from the detection point to the depth of the imaging point. 1 If the surface elevation of the detection point is lower than that of the imaging point, the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the detection point and the elevation difference (the difference between the surface elevation of the imaging point and the surface elevation of the detection point) are taken to calculate the elevation difference travel time difference, and the time corresponding to the depth of the imaging point is subtracted from the elevation difference travel time difference to obtain the vertical time difference T from the depth of the detection point to the imaging point. 1 .

[0107] Step 270: Offset processing.

[0108] In this embodiment, total travel time calculation and imaging are performed. The shot point travel time Ts calculated in step 240 and the receiver point travel time Ts calculated in step 260 are combined. r The total travel time T is obtained by adding them together, as shown in the following formula (3):

[0109] T=Ts+T r (3)

[0110] Then, the total travel time is used to extract the amplitude value at the corresponding time of the i-th track data to perform offset calculation and obtain the offset result of the i-th track data.

[0111] Step 280: Determine whether the channel calculation is completed.

[0112] In this embodiment, it is determined whether all the migration results of the n-channel data to be processed have been calculated. If so, step 290 is executed; if not, the process returns to step 220.

[0113] Step 290: Processing completed.

[0114] In this embodiment, when the migration results of n channels of seismic data to be processed have all been calculated, the migration results of each channel of data are imaged and superimposed to obtain the prestack migration results of the seismic data to be processed. At this point, the prestack migration processing is completed.

[0115] In summary, for the method provided in this embodiment, the total travel time of each trace of data is directly determined based on the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of each trace of the seismic data to be processed, and then prestack migration processing is performed on all traces of data according to the total travel time of each trace of data. This method does not rely on static correction processing, reduces the influence of the static correction processing process on the accuracy of seismic data time migration processing, provides an efficient imaging method for prestack time migration processing in complex areas, and improves the calculation efficiency and imaging effect.

[0116] Based on the foregoing description, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4 a comparison is made between the prestack migration imaging effect obtained by the seismic data processing method provided in this application that does not rely on static correction processing and the prestack migration imaging effect obtained by static correction processing in the prior art.

[0117] Figure 3 FIG. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of prestack time migration relying on static correction data in the prior art provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0118] Embodiment 3

[0119] Figure 5 FIG. Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic data processing device provided by an embodiment of this application. Refer to

[0120] The first acquisition module 510 is configured to acquire seismic data to be processed, and the seismic data to be processed includes n traces of data;

[0121] The second acquisition module 520 is configured to acquire the actual shot data, actual geophone data, and imaging point position data of the i-th trace of data;

[0122] The determination module 530 is configured to determine the total travel time of the i-th trace of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data, and the imaging point position data;

[0123] The processing module 540 is configured to perform prestack migration processing on the n traces of data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace of data.

[0124] In some embodiments, the second acquisition module 520 is further configured to parse the acquired seismic trace data in the i-th trace data to obtain the shot point coordinates and the shot point surface elevation in the actual shot point data; parse the migrated input trace data in the i-th trace data to obtain the geophone coordinates and the geophone surface elevation in the actual geophone data; and determine the imaging point coordinates and the imaging point surface elevation in the imaging point position data according to the set imaging point position parameters.

[0125] In some embodiments, the determination module 530 is further configured to determine the shot point travel time according to the shot point coordinates, the shot point surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation; determine the geophone travel time according to the geophone coordinates, the geophone surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates, and the imaging point surface elevation; and determine the total travel time according to the shot point travel time and the geophone travel time.

[0126] In some embodiments, the processing module 540 is further configured to offset the amplitude values at the corresponding time of the i-th trace data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace data to obtain the offset result of the i-th trace data; and perform imaging result superposition on the offset results of all the i-th trace data in the n trace data to obtain the prestack migration result of the seismic data to be processed.

[0127] The specific embodiments of the method executed by the above modules have been described in detail in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0128] Embodiment 4

[0129] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. A calculator program is stored on the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the seismic data processing method described in Embodiment 1 is implemented. It can be understood that the electronic device may further include an input / output (I / O) interface and a communication component.

[0130] The processor is configured to execute all or part of the steps in the seismic data processing method in Embodiment 1. The memory is configured to store various types of data, which may include, for example, instructions of any application program or method in the terminal device, and data related to the application program.

[0131] The processor may be implemented by an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processing device (DSPD), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic components, and is used to execute the seismic data processing method in the first embodiment above.

[0132] The memory may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as a static random access memory (SRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic memory, a flash memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.

[0133] Embodiment Five

[0134] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, a server, an App application store, etc. A computer program is stored on the storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following method steps can be implemented:

[0135] Obtain seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n channels of data;

[0136] Obtain the actual data of the shot point, the actual data of the geophone point, and the imaging point position data of the i-th channel of data;

[0137] Determine the total travel time of the i-th trace data according to the actual shot point data, the actual geophone point data, and the imaging point position data;

[0138] Perform prestack migration processing on the n trace data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace data.

[0139] For the specific implementation process of the above method steps, reference can be made to Embodiment 1, and this embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0140] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium; the method includes: obtaining seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n trace data; obtaining the actual shot point data, the actual geophone point data, and the imaging point position data of the i-th trace data; determining the total travel time of the i-th trace data according to the actual shot point data, the actual geophone point data, and the imaging point position data; performing prestack migration processing on the n trace data according to the total travel time of the i-th trace data. In the method provided in this solution, the total travel time of each trace data in the seismic data to be processed is directly determined according to the actual shot point data, the actual geophone point data, and the imaging point position data of each trace data, and then prestack migration processing is performed on all trace data according to the total travel time of each trace data. This method does not rely on static correction processing, reduces the influence of the static correction processing process on the time migration processing accuracy of seismic data, provides an efficient imaging method for prestack time migration processing in complex areas, and improves the calculation efficiency and imaging effect.

[0141] It should be noted that in this article, the terms "include", "comprise", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device including the element.

[0142] Although the disclosed embodiments of the present application are as above, the content described is only an embodiment adopted for the convenience of understanding the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art within the technical field to which the present application pertains may make any modifications and changes in the form of implementation and details without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present application. However, the scope of patent protection of the present application shall still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A seismic data processing method, characterized in that, it includes: Obtain the seismic data to be processed, and the seismic data to be processed includes n channels of data; Obtain the actual shot data, actual geophone data and imaging point position data of the i-th channel of data; Determine the total travel time of the i-th channel of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data and the imaging point position data; Perform prestack migration processing on the n channels of data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel of data.

2. The seismic data processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obtaining of the actual shot data, actual geophone data and imaging point position data of the i-th channel of data includes: Analyze the acquired seismic channel data in the i-th channel of data to obtain the shot coordinates and shot surface elevation in the actual shot data; Analyze the migrated input channel data in the i-th channel of data to obtain the geophone coordinates and geophone surface elevation in the actual geophone data; Determine the imaging point coordinates and imaging point surface elevation in the imaging point position data according to the set imaging point position parameters.

3. The seismic data processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determining of the total travel time of the i-th channel of data according to the actual shot data, the actual geophone data and the imaging point position data includes: Determine the shot travel time according to the shot coordinates, the shot surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates and the imaging point surface elevation; Determine the geophone travel time according to the geophone coordinates, the geophone surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates and the imaging point surface elevation; Determine the total travel time according to the shot travel time and the geophone travel time.

4. The seismic data processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The determining of the shot travel time according to the shot coordinates, the shot surface elevation, the imaging point coordinates and the imaging point surface elevation includes: Determine the horizontal distance from the shot to the imaging point according to the imaging point coordinates and the shot coordinates; Determine the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot to the imaging point according to the shot surface elevation and the imaging point surface elevation; Determine the shot travel time according to the horizontal distance from the shot to the imaging point and the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot to the imaging point.

5. The seismic data processing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determining of the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot to the imaging point according to the shot surface elevation and the imaging point surface elevation includes: When the shot surface elevation is higher than the imaging point surface elevation, determine the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot to the imaging point according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth; When the shot surface elevation is lower than the imaging point surface elevation, determine the vertical time difference of the depth from the shot to the imaging point according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the shot surface elevation, the elevation difference and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

6. The seismic data processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the travel time of the geophone according to the geophone coordinate, the surface elevation of the geophone, the imaging point coordinate, and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: Determining the horizontal distance from the imaging point to the geophone according to the imaging point coordinate and the geophone coordinate; Determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the geophone to the imaging point according to the surface elevation of the geophone and the surface elevation of the imaging point; Determining the travel time of the geophone according to the horizontal distance from the geophone to the imaging point and the vertical time difference of the depth from the geophone to the imaging point.

7. The seismic data processing method according to claim 6, wherein, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the geophone to the imaging point according to the surface elevation of the geophone and the surface elevation of the imaging point includes: When the surface elevation of the geophone is higher than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the geophone to the imaging point according to the surface velocity at the imaging point position, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth; When the surface elevation of the geophone is lower than the surface elevation of the imaging point, determining the vertical time difference of the depth from the geophone to the imaging point according to the vertical position velocity of the imaging point corresponding to the surface elevation of the geophone, the elevation difference, and the time corresponding to the imaging point depth.

8. The seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, performing prestack migration processing on the n-channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data includes: Performing migration on the amplitude values at the corresponding time of the i-th channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data to obtain the migration result of the i-th channel data; Performing imaging result superposition on the migration results of all the i-th channel data in the n-channel data to obtain the prestack migration result of the seismic data to be processed.

9. A seismic data processing device, wherein, it includes: A first acquisition module for acquiring seismic data to be processed, where the seismic data to be processed includes n-channel data; A second acquisition module for acquiring the actual data of the shot point, the actual data of the geophone, and the imaging point position data of the i-th channel data; A determination module for determining the total travel time of the i-th channel data according to the actual data of the shot point, the actual data of the geophone, and the imaging point position data; A processing module for performing prestack migration processing on the n-channel data according to the total travel time of the i-th channel data.

10. An electronic device, wherein, it includes a memory and a processor; a computer program is stored on the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by one or more processors, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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