Station installation power flexible capacity expansion method and system considering operation income and cost of charging station
By building a scheduling cost description model and using data acquisition, power regulation and station controller systems, the charging power in the charging station is optimized in real time, solving the problem of power exceeding the limit in charging station design and operation, and achieving safe, economical and efficient charging services.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510194790.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-29
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
Smart Images
Figure CN120124941A_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] This invention claims the priority of the patent application with the application number 2024110170498 filed on July 29, 2024. Therefore, the above-mentioned patent application is incorporated by reference in its entirety throughout this text. Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging, and more particularly, to a flexible capacity expansion method and system for substation installed power considering the operation revenue and cost of charging stations. Background Art
[0003] With the popularization of electric vehicles, the charging demand has increased significantly, bringing many challenges to the energy supply of charging stations. Currently, a common practice in charging stations is to design the total installed power of charging piles to exceed the capacity of the grid-connected transformer of the charging station or the electricity consumption capacity applied to the grid company. This is mainly based on the following considerations: There are differences in the capacity utilization rate of charging piles by different vehicles. Especially for fast charging piles, the charging power of the compatible vehicles can reach more than 80% of the rated capacity of the fast charging pile, while the charging power of general vehicles may only reach 40% to 50%. However, choosing to over-install charging piles (i.e., the total rated power of charging piles exceeds the capacity of the substation grid-connected transformer or the declared capacity) during the design and construction stage may lead to exceeding the grid capacity during the operation of the substation, thus bringing operation risks such as power over-limit.
[0004] Currently, in order to improve the investment efficiency of charging stations and reduce the operation cost, the capacity of the grid-connected transformer of most charging stations or the declared capacity applied to the grid company is usually lower than the total installed power of charging piles. This practice may lead to the actual power of the substation exceeding the transformer capacity or the declared capacity during peak charging demand periods, thus bringing safety risks and additional economic expenditures.
[0005] For the above problems, the existing solutions are often: 1) Conduct demonstration during the design stage and configure the transformer capacity or grid declared capacity based on experience and expert judgment; 2) During the operation stage, according to historical operation experience, use the means of shutting down charging piles to limit the charging load during some periods.
[0006] If only the transformer capacity is used to determine the installed power of charging piles during the design stage, it may lead to: 1) The number of charging piles is insufficient to fully meet the charging needs of charging vehicles; 2) Even if all charging piles in the whole station are working, the capacity utilization rate of the transformer may still be insufficient because the actual charging power of charging piles is usually lower than their rated capacity. And simply relying on increasing the transformer capacity to cope with the power over-limit risk during over-installation (still over-installed, but the over-installation ratio is reduced) will increase the initial investment cost of the charging substation while further reducing the utilization rate of the power supply capacity during the low charging demand period in the operation stage of the charging station, and it is also difficult to balance the configuration ratio of the total installed power of charging piles and the transformer capacity during the design stage.
[0007] In the operation stage, if the management method of simply relying on experience to shut down charging piles is adopted, the following situations may occur: 1) Excessive shutdown of charging piles, reducing the expected revenue of the charging station, while in fact there is no risk of over-limit charging power; 2) Insufficient shutdown of charging piles, still unable to avoid the problem of over-limit charging power.
[0008] In addition, at present, there is no real-time management means for the operation of charging stations to flexibly manage the actual power consumption level of the charging power of the stations: Some newly built stations may have deployed a monitoring platform for charging stations to collect real-time data of charging piles, but often it only serves the operation functions such as order management and revenue settlement of the station operation, and is rarely applied to the safe operation of the station, especially the electrical safety management. Summary of the Invention
[0009] The object of the present invention includes providing a flexible capacity expansion method and system for the installed power of a charging station considering the operation revenue and cost of the charging station, which can optimize the charging power of all charging piles in the station in real time to ensure that the operating power of the station is always within the safe range and avoid safety risks and economic losses caused by power over-limit.
[0010] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:
[0011] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flexible capacity expansion method for the installed power of a charging station considering the operation revenue and cost of the charging station. The method includes:
[0012] S1: Construct an objective function for the scheduling cost description model of the charging station scheduling resources. The objective function is as follows:
[0013]
[0014] In the above formula, C 1 is the penalty cost for unmet charging in the scheduling period, is the charging revenue at time t, is the power consumption cost of the charging station, T is the scheduling period, and Δt is the duration of a single scheduling period;
[0015] S2: Construct the constraint conditions for the scheduling cost description model of the charging station scheduling resources. The constraint conditions include electric vehicle charging constraints and capacity limit constraints;
[0016] S3: Solve the scheduling cost description model.
[0017] In an optional embodiment, in S1, the penalty cost C for unmet charging in the scheduling period 1 is described as follows:
[0018]
[0019] In the above formula, SoCi，penalty is the penalty amount when the SoC of electric vehicle i does not reach at the departure time. is the compensation price agreed between the charging vehicle i and the customer for the unqualified charging. is the target SoC preset when electric vehicle i starts charging.
[0020] In an alternative embodiment, in S1, the charging income at time t is described as follows:
[0021]
[0022] In the above formula, is the charging power of charging vehicle i at time t, is the charging price of charging vehicle i at time t.
[0023] In an alternative embodiment, in S1, the power consumption cost of the charging station is described as follows:
[0024]
[0025] In the above formula, is the overall power consumption level of the charging station, is the time-of-use electricity price for the power consumption of the charging station.
[0026] In an alternative embodiment, in S1, the overall power consumption level of the charging station is:
[0027]
[0028] In an alternative embodiment, in S2, the charging constraints of electric vehicles include:
[0029] 1) Charging power constraint of electric vehicles
[0030]
[0031] In the formula, represents the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile; represents the rated power of the charging pile; represents the maximum charging power allowed by the battery of electric vehicle i; represents the charging power required by the on-vehicle BMS of electric vehicle i; α t represents the charging state of electric vehicle i in the t period, which is a 0-1 variable, α t =1 indicates that the electric vehicle is charging, and the charging power cannot be lower than the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile, and cannot exceed the rated power of the charging pile and the maximum charging power allowed by the electric vehicle battery; α t= 0 indicates that the electric vehicle is not charging, i.e., the charging power is 0;
[0032] )2 Lower and upper limit constraints of the SoC of the electric vehicle
[0033]
[0034] In the formula, and respectively represent the lower and upper limits of the SoC allowed for electric vehicle i; SoC i，t is the battery SoC of charging vehicle i at time t;
[0035] 3) Continuity constraint of the SoC of the electric vehicle
[0036]
[0037] In the formula, represents the rated capacity of the electric vehicle battery.
[0038] 4) Target SoC constraint of the electric vehicle
[0039]
[0040] In the formula, represents the SoC of electric vehicle i at the planned departure time t leave when.
[0041] In an alternative embodiment, in S2, the capacity limit constraint is described by the following formula:
[0042]
[0043] In the above formula, Cap sub is the declared capacity of the station to the power grid, and Cap tr is the installed capacity of the station transformer.
[0044] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flexible capacity expansion system for the installed power of a station considering the operation revenue and cost of a charging station. The system includes a data acquisition module, a power regulation module, and a station controller connected in sequence, wherein the data acquisition module and the power regulation module are integrated into an intelligent regulation module;
[0045] The data acquisition module is used to be connected between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS, and is used to analyze the communication message between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS to obtain the charging status parameters;
[0046] The power regulation module is used to modify the communication message between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS when receiving the regulation requirement sent by the station controller, so as to achieve the purpose of power regulation;
[0047] The station controller incorporates the scheduling cost description model in the method of Claim 1 and is used to cooperate with the intelligent regulation module to control the charging power of the charging piles.
[0048] The beneficial effects of the method and system for flexible capacity expansion of the installed power of the charging station considering the operation revenue and cost provided by the embodiments of the present invention include:
[0049] 1. The proposed system clarifies the interrelationships among the acquisition, control, algorithm and other modules in the flexible capacity expansion system of the charging station, providing a system basis for realizing the flexible capacity expansion of the charging station;
[0050] 2. The method proposed adopts the flexible capacity expansion algorithm for the charging station to realize real-time optimization of the charging power of all charging piles in the station, so as to ensure that the operating power of the station is always within the safe range and avoid the safety risks and economic losses caused by power overlimit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0052] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for flexible capacity expansion of the installed power of the charging station considering the operation revenue and cost provided by the embodiments of the present invention;
[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the system provided by the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0055] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0056] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
[0057] It should be noted that, without conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.
[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a method for flexible capacity expansion of the installed power of a charging station considering the operation revenue and cost of the charging station (hereinafter referred to as: method), and the method includes the following steps:
[0059] S1: Construct the objective function of the scheduling cost description model for the scheduling resources of the charging station.
[0060] Specifically, if the scheduling cost description model aims to maximize the economic revenue of the charging station, then the objective function of the flexible capacity expansion algorithm considering the operation economy of the charging station in the scheduling cost description model is as follows:
[0061]
[0062] In the above formula, C 1 is the penalty cost for unmet charging in the scheduling period, is the charging revenue at time t, is the electricity cost of the charging station, T is the scheduling period, and Δt is the duration of a single scheduling period.
[0063] Regarding the penalty cost C 1 for unmet charging in the scheduling period. When a charging vehicle signs a charging contract with a charging station, the end charging time and the target SoC are preset. If the charging vehicle fails to reach the target SoC when leaving the charging station due to the flexible capacity expansion scheduling of the charging station, there may be a corresponding penalty cost. Then, the penalty cost C 1 for unmet charging in the scheduling period is described as follows:
[0064]
[0065] In the above formula, SoC i，penalty is the penalty amount if the SoC of electric vehicle i does not reach when leaving, is the compensation price agreed upon by charging vehicle i and the customer for unmet charging, is the target SoC preset when electric vehicle i starts charging.
[0066] Regarding the charging revenue at time t. For a charging station, its charging economic revenue is mainly the revenue from selling electricity to electricity users. Then, the charging revenue at time t is described as follows:
[0067]
[0068] In the above formula, is the charging power of charging vehicle i at time t, is the charging price of charging vehicle i at time t.
[0069] Regarding the electricity cost of the charging station The electricity cost of the charging station is described as follows:
[0070]
[0071] In the above formula, is the overall electricity consumption level of the charging station, is the time-of-use electricity price for the charging station's electricity consumption.
[0072] Among them, the overall electricity consumption level of the charging station is:
[0073]
[0074] S2: Construct the constraint conditions of the scheduling cost description model for the charging station's scheduling resources.
[0075] The constraint conditions of the scheduling cost description model mainly include the electric vehicle charging constraint and the capacity limit constraint. Among them, the electric vehicle charging constraint mainly includes the charging power constraint of the electric vehicle, the SoC upper and lower limit constraint, the continuity constraint of SoC, and the target SoC constraint.
[0076] 1) Charging power constraint of electric vehicles
[0077] The charging power constraint of electric vehicles, that is, the charging power of electric vehicles cannot be lower than the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile, and cannot exceed the rated power of the charging pile and the maximum charging power allowed by the electric vehicle battery, or the charging power of the electric vehicle is 0, which is expressed as follows:
[0078]
[0079] In the formula, represents the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile; represents the rated power of the charging pile; represents the maximum charging power allowed by the battery of electric vehicle i; represents the charging power required by the on-vehicle BMS of electric vehicle i; α t represents the charging state of electric vehicle i in the t period, which is a 0-1 variable, α t= 1 indicates electric vehicle charging. The charging power shall not be lower than the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile and shall not exceed the rated power of the charging pile and the maximum charging power allowed by the electric vehicle battery; α t = 0 indicates that the electric vehicle is not charging, i.e., the charging power is 0; represents the charging power of charging vehicle i at time t.
[0080] 2) Constraints on the upper and lower limits of the SoC of electric vehicles
[0081]
[0082] In the formula, and respectively represent the lower and upper limits of the SoC allowed for electric vehicle i; SoC i，t is the battery SoC of charging vehicle i at time t.
[0083] 3) Continuity constraints on the SoC of electric vehicles
[0084]
[0085] In the formula, represents the rated capacity of the electric vehicle battery; SoC i，t is the battery SoC of charging vehicle i at time t; represents the charging power of charging vehicle i at time t.
[0086] 4) Target SoC constraints for electric vehicles
[0087]
[0088] In the formula, represents the SoC of electric vehicle i at the planned departure time t leave ; SoC i，penalty represents the penalty amount if the SoC of electric vehicle i does not reach at the departure time.
[0089] To achieve flexible capacity expansion, it is necessary to ensure that the overall electricity consumption level of the station is not greater than the declared capacity or the installed capacity of the transformer. The capacity limit constraint is described as follows:
[0090]
[0091] In the above formula, Cap sub is the declared capacity of the station to the power grid, and Cap tr is the installed capacity of the station transformer.
[0092] S3: Solve the dispatching cost description model.
[0093] In the embodiments of the present invention, the solution method of the above model is not limited. Considering the above model to form a mixed-integer programming problem, open-source solvers such as SCIP and CBC can be used for solving.
[0094] The embodiments of the present invention further provide a flexible capacity expansion system for the installed power of a charging station considering the operation revenue and cost of the charging station (hereinafter referred to as: the system).
[0095] Please refer to Figure 2 , this embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the above system. The system includes a data acquisition module, a power regulation module, and a station controller connected in sequence. Among them, the data acquisition module and the power regulation module can be integrated into an intelligent regulation module.
[0096] Among them, the data acquisition module is connected between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS. The data acquisition module is used to analyze the communication messages between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS to obtain charging status parameters. The charging status parameters include parameters such as the charging demand voltage, charging demand current, charging mode, remaining charging time, SOC, actual charging voltage, actual charging current, and cumulative charging time.
[0097] The power regulation module is used to change the charging demand voltage and charging demand current by modifying the communication messages between the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS when receiving the regulation demand sent by the station controller, so as to change the output power of the charging pile and achieve the purpose of power regulation.
[0098] The intelligent regulation module is connected in series at the middle node of the CAN line between the CCU module of the charging pile and the in-vehicle BMS of the charging vehicle, so that the intelligent regulation module can play the functions of communication message output control, charging safety warning, and active protection. After the operation platform issues a regulation instruction, the intelligent regulation module performs upper limit control on the charging demand current message (27930) sent by the in-vehicle BMS in the CAN line, and sends the regulated charging message to the TCU module of the charging pile, thereby realizing the charging power control of the charging pile.
[0099] The station controller is used to manage and analyze multi-source data such as the data collected by the intelligent regulation module and the electrical data collected by the charging station, evaluate the risk of the charging station capacity exceeding the limit in real time as a charging station calculation module, and use the charging power of the charging pile as an adjustable parameter to optimize the planned charging power of each charging pile in real time and cooperate with the intelligent regulation module to achieve timely control of the charging power of the charging pile.
[0100] The station controller integrates the scheduling cost description model in the above method, has the functions of independent optimization and autonomous decision-making, and can realize the minute-level control scheduling of the flexible capacity expansion of the charging station without interacting with other external platforms, so that the system provided by this embodiment can execute the above method.
[0101] The beneficial effects of the method and system for flexible capacity expansion of the installed power of a charging station considering the operation revenue and cost provided by the embodiments of the present invention include:
[0102] 1. The proposed system clarifies the interrelationships among modules such as acquisition, control, and algorithms in the flexible capacity expansion system of the charging station, providing a system basis for realizing the flexible capacity expansion of the charging station;
[0103] 2. The proposed method adopts an algorithm for flexible capacity expansion of the charging station to realize real-time optimization of the charging power of all charging piles in the station, ensuring that the operating power of the station is always within a safe range and avoiding safety risks and economic losses caused by power overlimit.
[0104] As mentioned above, the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for flexible expansion of charging station installed power considering charging station operation revenue and cost, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Constructing the objective function of the dispatch cost description model of the charging station dispatch resources, the objective function is as follows: In the above formula, C 1 The penalty cost for failure to meet the charging standard during the scheduling period, is the charging income at time t, is the electricity cost of the station, T is the dispatch period, and Δt is the duration of a single dispatch period; S2: constructing the constraint conditions of the dispatch cost description model of the dispatch resources of the charging station, wherein the constraint conditions include electric vehicle charging constraint and capacity limitation constraint; S3: Solve the scheduling cost description model.
2. The method for flexible expansion of charging station installed power considering charging station operation income and cost according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the penalty cost C for failure to meet the charging standard in the scheduling period 1 The description is as follows: In the above formula, SoC i，penalty If the electric vehicle i leaves the moment the SoC does not reach The amount of punishment when The compensation price agreed upon by the charging car and the customer when the charging fails to meet the standard. The preset target SoC for the electric car i when it starts charging.
3. The method for flexible expansion of charging station installed power considering charging station operation income and cost according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In S1, the charging income at time t is The description is as follows: In the above formula, is the charging power of charging car i at time t, is the charging price of charging car i at time t.
4. The method for flexible expansion of charging station installed power considering charging station operation income and cost according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In S1, the electricity cost of the station The description is as follows: In the above formula, The overall electricity consumption level of the station. It is the time-of-use electricity price for the station.
5. The method for flexible expansion of installed power of charging stations considering operating income and cost of charging stations according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In S1, the overall electricity consumption level of the station for:
6. The method for flexible expansion of station installed power considering charging station operation revenue and cost according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In S2, the EV charging constraints include: 1) Charging power constraints for electric vehicles In the formula, Indicates the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile; Indicates the rated power of the charging pile; Indicates the maximum charging power allowed by the battery of electric vehicle i; represents the required charging power of the onboard BMS of electric vehicle i; α t Indicates the charging status of electric vehicle i in period t, which is a 0-1 variable, α t =1 means that when charging an electric vehicle, the charging power cannot be lower than the minimum charging power allowed by the charging pile, and cannot exceed the rated power of the charging pile and the maximum charging power allowed by the electric vehicle battery; α t =0 means that the electric vehicle is not charging, that is, the charging power is 0; 2) Upper and lower limits of SoC for electric vehicles In the formula, and They represent the lower and upper limits of SoC allowed for electric vehicle i; SoC i，t The battery SoC of the charging car at time t; 3) Continuity constraints of electric vehicle SoC In the formula, Indicates the rated capacity of an electric vehicle battery. 4) Target SoC constraints for electric vehicles In the formula, represents the planned departure time t of electric vehicle i leave SoC at the time.
7. The method for flexible expansion of charging station installed power considering charging station operation revenue and cost according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S2, the capacity limit constraint is described as follows: In the above formula, Cap sub Cap is the capacity reported by the station to the power grid. tr is the installed capacity of the station transformer.
8. A flexible expansion system for charging station installed power considering the operating income and cost of charging stations, characterized in that: The system comprises a data acquisition module, a power control module and a station controller connected in sequence, wherein the data acquisition module and the power control module are integrated into an intelligent control module; The data acquisition module is used to connect between the charging pile and the vehicle-mounted BMS, and is used to analyze the communication message between the charging pile and the vehicle-mounted BMS to obtain the charging state parameters; The power control module is used to achieve the purpose of power control by modifying the communication message between the charging pile and the vehicle-mounted BMS when receiving the control demand sent by the station controller; The station controller has a built-in scheduling cost description model in the method of claim 1, which is used to cooperate with the intelligent control module to control the charging power of the charging pile.