A micro-grid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of micro-grid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor, its steps include: the operation model of micro-grid power equipment is established, the dynamic carbon emission factor model of micro-grid is proposed and the low-carbon demand response model of flexible load is established, finally the low-carbon regulation method of flexible load is obtained.The present application obtains the corresponding regulation method by solving the model associated with dynamic carbon emission factor, thereby guiding the regulation of flexible load, realizing the low-carbon operation of micro-grid, and can provide reference for the formulation of regional power grid low-carbon operation scheme.Compared with conventional methods, the dynamic carbon emission factor real-time change can be combined with the time-space transfer characteristics of energy storage equipment and the adjustable nature of flexible load to change the micro-grid regulation strategy, which is better in reference and stronger in universality in the micro-grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of renewable energy power supply technology, and specifically to a microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factors. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the growth in global energy demand has exacerbated related problems, including not only energy shortages but also a series of issues such as increased carbon emissions.

[0003] Therefore, with the introduction of carbon reduction targets, countries are vigorously promoting the construction of new power systems that integrate renewable energy supply. These new power systems can alleviate the shortage of traditional energy sources through renewable energy output, and also reduce carbon emissions during the power supply process by utilizing the cleanliness of renewable energy, thereby achieving carbon reduction goals.

[0004] Currently, distributed renewable energy has seen large-scale development. The abundance of renewable energy sources means that the carbon emission factor of the power grid is no longer fixed but varies with the amount of renewable energy generated at different times. For large-scale power grid environments, small fluctuations in carbon emissions do not significantly alter dispatch strategies; however, for microgrids (small-scale power generation and distribution systems composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, loads, monitoring and protection devices, etc.), the impact is significant, necessitating changes to corresponding dispatch strategies. Furthermore, because microgrids are filled with various types of flexible and adjustable loads, demand response has been widely adopted as a method to improve system dispatch flexibility.

[0005] However, existing microgrid technologies often focus on system stability or economic efficiency, failing to adequately address carbon reduction needs. Therefore, research should be conducted on flexible load low-carbon regulation methods for microgrids.

[0006] Currently, most related studies focus on load-side demand response and microgrid operating costs and carbon emissions, rarely combining flexible load regulation with the time-varying carbon emissions caused by dynamic carbon emission factors, especially the impact of different scheduling sequences of dispatchable resources on the system. In reality, carbon emission factors change based on the proportion of green electricity (electricity generated with zero or near-zero carbon dioxide emissions, mainly from solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal sources) in the grid and the proportion of green points in the industrial park, while flexible loads have the characteristic of being adjustable within the scheduling cycle.

[0007] Therefore, a microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factors is also proposed. In the face of low-carbon regulation of flexible loads in microgrids, this method can comprehensively consider the load balance of microgrids and the time-varying nature of the dynamic carbon emission factors of microgrids to achieve low-carbon regulation of flexible loads. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by providing a flexible load regulation method for microgrids that comprehensively considers microgrid load balance and the time-varying dynamic carbon emission factor of microgrids.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] This invention provides a microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factors, which includes the following steps:

[0011] Model the power equipment within the microgrid and obtain the operating model of the power equipment;

[0012] Based on the operation model of the power equipment and the dynamic green electricity ratio during the microgrid power purchase process, a dynamic carbon emission factor model of the microgrid is constructed, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid is obtained by solving the dynamic carbon emission factor model of the microgrid.

[0013] Construct a flexible load low-carbon demand response model based on flexible load characteristics and initial scheduling strategy;

[0014] Based on the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor and the flexible load low-carbon demand response model, a flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is constructed; the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model takes the minimum carbon emission as the objective function.

[0015] By solving the model of the flexible load low-carbon regulation method, the flexible load regulation method of microgrid is obtained.

[0016] Optionally, the power equipment in the microgrid includes fossil fuel generator sets, renewable energy generator sets, energy storage devices, and flexible loads.

[0017] Optionally, the operating model of the fossil fuel generator set includes:

[0018] Output model based on output constraints and start-stop model based on control strategy.

[0019] Optionally, the renewable energy generator sets include distributed photovoltaic generator sets and distributed wind turbine generator sets;

[0020] The operating model of the photovoltaic generator set includes a photovoltaic power output model based on power output fluctuation parameters;

[0021] The operating model of the wind turbine generator set includes a wind power output model based on power output fluctuation parameters.

[0022] Optionally, the operating model of the energy storage device includes an operating state model based on energy storage constraints.

[0023] Optionally, the calculation of the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor model includes the following steps:

[0024] Calculate the carbon emissions from electricity purchases for the microgrid based on time series.

[0025] Calculate the carbon emissions from power generation equipment within the microgrid based on time series.

[0026] The carbon emissions from electricity purchase and the carbon emissions from electricity generation are calculated using normalization to obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid.

[0027] The microgrid's dynamic carbon emission factor is corrected by adjusting the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device to obtain the microgrid's corrected dynamic carbon emission factor.

[0028] Optionally, the correction method includes the following steps:

[0029] The carbon emissions of the energy storage device under time-series conditions are calculated based on the operating status of the energy storage device, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device is solved based on the carbon emissions of the energy storage device.

[0030] Under time-series conditions, the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid is superimposed with the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device to obtain the corrected dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid.

[0031] Optionally, the flexible load characteristics include translational, transferable, and reducible.

[0032] Optionally, the function of the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is a formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the microgrid within a preset time period;

[0033] The summation term in the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the microgrid includes carbon emissions from stationary loads, carbon emissions from shiftable loads, carbon emissions from transferable loads, and carbon emissions from loads that can be reduced.

[0034] Optionally, the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model also includes constraints;

[0035] The constraints include at least power balance constraints.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] This invention establishes an operational model for microgrid power equipment, proposes a dynamic carbon emission factor model for microgrids, and establishes a flexible load low-carbon demand response model. Finally, it proposes a flexible load low-carbon regulation method. By solving the model associated with the dynamic carbon emission factor, the corresponding regulation method is obtained, thereby guiding the regulation of flexible loads and achieving low-carbon operation of the microgrid. This can provide a reference for the formulation of low-carbon operation schemes for regional power grids. Compared with conventional methods, it can combine the real-time changes of dynamic carbon emission factors with the spatiotemporal transfer characteristics of energy storage devices, and combine the adjustability of flexible loads to change the microgrid regulation strategy. It has better reference value within microgrids and stronger universality for similar types. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0042] It is worth noting that, unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this invention are all conventional methods; and the raw materials and equipment used are all conventional commercially available products, and their sources are not specifically limited.

[0043] It should also be noted that, for ease of understanding, the method steps in the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in a certain order, but those skilled in the art can change the order of the steps according to actual needs, so this should not be used as a limiting condition; further, in the description of the following specific embodiments, the superscripts and subscripts of each parameter should be understood as distinguishing marks of similar identifiers in accordance with common interpretations, representing parameters of the related or corresponding devices, and should not be understood as specific models or special marks.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factors, including the following steps:

[0045] S1. Model the power equipment in the microgrid and obtain the operating model of the power equipment;

[0046] The power equipment in the microgrid of this embodiment includes fossil fuel generator sets, energy storage devices, renewable energy generator sets, and flexible loads.

[0047] In this embodiment, the fossil energy generator set is a diesel generator set as an example; the renewable energy generator set includes distributed photovoltaic generator sets and distributed wind turbine generator sets; the adjustable flexible load includes transferable load, transferable load and interruptible load, specifically manifested as adjustable equipment such as air conditioners, lights and electric heaters in the microgrid, which will not be modeled in detail here.

[0048] Therefore, to achieve uniformity in overall modeling, separate models of each device component in the microgrid should be constructed. Specifically:

[0049] S1.1 Operating model of diesel generator set: including output model based on output constraints and start-stop model based on control strategy.

[0050] Diesel generator sets cannot directly output power at a specific rate; therefore, the power output of a diesel generator set for climbing hills must meet the following constraint:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, P dt,t This represents the output of the diesel generator set at time t. and This represents the maximum and minimum output of the diesel generator set. and These represent the maximum and minimum changes of the unit at time t, respectively.

[0053] Furthermore, since diesel generator sets cannot be started and stopped arbitrarily, the start-stop constraints for diesel generator sets should meet the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, u dt,t The start / stop status of the diesel generator set is represented by 0 or 1, t i,on and t i,off These represent the start-up and shutdown times of the diesel generator set, respectively.

[0056] S1.2 Operation model of energy storage equipment: including operation status model based on energy storage constraints;

[0057] Microgrids include energy storage devices, and an operational model for these devices should be constructed. This model should consider the impact of self-discharge power loss and charging / discharging efficiency on the energy storage capacity.

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, S ES,t σ represents the energy stored in the energy storage device at time t; ES The self-loss rate of energy storage equipment; These represent the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at time t, respectively. These refer to the charging and discharging efficiencies of energy storage devices, respectively.

[0060] To prevent overcharging and over-discharging of batteries, the state of charge of the batteries must meet upper and lower limits. Energy storage devices should meet the following requirements during operation:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, These are the maximum and minimum capacity limits for energy storage devices; These are the maximum and minimum charging power limits for energy storage devices, respectively. These are the maximum and minimum discharge power limits for energy storage devices, respectively. These are the 0-1 variables representing the charging and discharging states of the energy storage device at time t.

[0063] S1.3 Operation model of photovoltaic generator set: including photovoltaic power output model based on power output fluctuation parameter;

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, P pv,t Represents the output of photovoltaic power generation equipment at time t. These represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic equipment, respectively.

[0066] S1.4 Wind turbine generator operation model: including wind power output model based on power output fluctuation parameters;

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, P wt,t Represents the output of the wind power generation equipment at time t. These represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind power generation equipment, respectively.

[0069] S2. Construct a dynamic carbon emission factor model;

[0070] Based on the operation model of power equipment and the dynamic green electricity ratio during the power purchase process of microgrids, a dynamic carbon emission factor model of microgrids is constructed, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of microgrids is obtained by solving the dynamic carbon emission factor model of microgrids.

[0071] Since the proportion of green electricity in the electricity purchased by a microgrid is dynamic and time-varying, in order to further accurately characterize the carbon emission level of the microgrid and guide the flexible load adjustment of the microgrid to fully absorb green electricity and reduce carbon emissions, it is necessary to consider the interaction between the charging and discharging behavior of energy storage devices and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid. Therefore, a dynamic carbon emission factor model of the microgrid and a dynamic carbon emission factor model of energy storage devices should be constructed, taking into account the dynamic proportion of green electricity purchased and the operating characteristics of energy storage devices.

[0072] S2.1 Microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor model considering the dynamic proportion of green electricity in electricity purchase; calculate the carbon emissions from electricity purchase and the carbon emissions from power generation equipment in the microgrid based on time series, and calculate the carbon emissions from electricity purchase and power generation by normalization to obtain the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor.

[0073] Furthermore, since the carbon emission factor of the power grid is affected by the proportion of green electricity, and the proportion of green electricity is time-varying, the traditional fixed average carbon emission factor can no longer meet the low-carbon requirements. Therefore, a dynamic carbon emission model for microgrids that considers the dynamic proportion of green electricity purchased should be constructed, as shown in the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, δ' MG,t For the dynamic carbon emission factor of microgrids; E grid,t and E dt,t These represent the carbon emissions generated at time t from the microgrid's purchase of electricity from the grid and from the diesel generator's power generation; σ gre,t and These represent the dynamic green electricity ratio and the average green electricity ratio of the power grid at time t, respectively. P is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid. load,t P represents the real-time load of the microgrid at time t. buy,t and P dt,t t represents the amount of electricity purchased from the grid at time t and the power output of the diesel generator set, respectively; a, b, and c are the calculation coefficients.

[0076] S2.2 Construct a dynamic carbon emission factor model for energy storage devices, and correct the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid using the dynamic carbon emission factor of energy storage devices to obtain the corrected dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid.

[0077] Energy storage devices can function as electrical loads during charging, absorbing some of the electricity and carbon emissions from the microgrid; during discharging, they can function as power generation devices, releasing the electrical energy and carbon stored within the device. Dynamic carbon emission factor models for energy storage devices are constructed for different charging and discharging states.

[0078] The carbon emissions of energy storage devices are calculated under time-series conditions based on their operating status, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage devices is solved based on these emissions. Specifically:

[0079] When the energy storage device is charging, it introduces the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid into the device, causing changes in the internal carbon emission factor of the device. The carbon emission factor δ of the energy storage device... ES,t for:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula: S ES,t Let t represent the amount of electricity contained in the energy storage device at time t.

[0082] When the energy storage device is in a discharging state, the carbon emission factor within the energy storage device is:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula: The discharge efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0085] Since the charging and discharging behavior of energy storage devices affects the sources of carbon emissions from microgrids, and these devices exhibit spatiotemporal carbon transfer characteristics, during charging, the energy storage devices absorb some carbon from the microgrid, and during discharging, they release some of their own carbon. Furthermore, by superimposing the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid with that of the energy storage device under time-series conditions, a corrected dynamic carbon emission factor δ for the microgrid can be obtained. MG,t The formula is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula: P ES,t For real-time power of energy storage devices, Let t be the amount of carbon emissions released by the energy storage device during discharge.

[0088] S3. Construct a flexible load low-carbon demand response model;

[0089] Construct a flexible load low-carbon demand response model based on flexible load characteristics and initial scheduling strategy.

[0090] Flexible load characteristics include portability, transferability, and reductionability. Based on the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor model constructed in S2, load models and carbon emission models are established for portable loads, transferable loads, and reductionable loads, respectively, forming a flexible load low-carbon demand response model that considers dynamic carbon emission factors.

[0091] S3.1 allows for load transfer;

[0092] The shiftable electrical load can be shifted entirely according to the set shift interval. Assume the shiftable interval within a scheduling cycle is [t]. sf1 ,t sf2 The duration is t. s Then the starting time period set L can be shifted. shift ,Right now:

[0093] L shift =[t sf1 ,t sf2 -t s +1] (12)

[0094] Assuming the movable load power is uniformly distributed over the duration, then the movable load power at time t is:

[0095]

[0096] In the formula, P e,shif,t Let P be the load power that can be shifted at time t. e,shift This represents the total power during the period when the load can be shifted.

[0097] From equation (13), the total adjustable carbon emissions included in the shiftable load are:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, E e,shift,t E represents the carbon emissions from the load that can be shifted at time t. e,shift The total carbon emissions that can be dispatched during the continuous period of load shifting.

[0100] S3.2 Transferable load;

[0101] Transferable loads can be flexibly transferred at any time during the entire scheduling cycle, but must meet the total energy demand. To prevent frequent equipment start-ups and shutdowns, assume the transferable range within a scheduling cycle is [t]. tr1 ,t tr1 +t tr,min -1], thereby setting the minimum continuous running time and transfer power constraints:

[0102]

[0103] B e,tr P e,tr,min ≤P e,tr,t ≤B e,tr P e,tr,max (16)

[0104] In the formula, t tr,min For the minimum continuous running time, B e,tr This is a start / stop status variable for transferable loads, with values ​​of 0 or 1, P. e,tr,t For transferable load power, P e,tr,min and P e,tr,max These represent the minimum and maximum transferable power values.

[0105] From equations (15) and (16), the adjustable carbon emissions of the transferable load are:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula: E e,tr,t E represents the transferable load carbon emissions at time t. e,tr This represents the total dispatchable carbon emissions during the duration of the transferable load.

[0108] S3.3 can reduce the load;

[0109] Load reduction can be implemented based on dispatch requirements. To ensure the rationality of load reduction, constraints on reduction time and frequency must be set.

[0110]

[0111] B e,cl P e,cl,min ≤P e,cl,t ≤B e,cl P e,cl,max (19)

[0112] In the formula: t cl To reduce the duration, B e,cl To reduce load start-up and shutdown status variables, the value is 0 or 1, U. tr,max To reduce the maximum load reduction, P e,cl,t To reduce load power, P e,cl,min and P e,cl,max These are the minimum and maximum power reduction values.

[0113] From equations (18) and (19), it can be seen that the adjustable carbon emissions that can reduce the load are:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula: E e,cl,tE represents the carbon emissions from the load that can be shifted at time t. e,cl The total carbon emissions that can be dispatched during the continuous period of load shifting.

[0116] The total carbon emissions generated and reduced by the adjustable load during the scheduling cycle are:

[0117] E e,ad =E e,shift +E e,tr +E e,cl (twenty one)

[0118] S4. Flexible load low-carbon regulation method;

[0119] Based on the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor (this embodiment uses the aforementioned microgrid modified dynamic carbon emission factor) and the flexible load low-carbon demand response model, a flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is constructed. Specifically, according to the models proposed in S1-S3, a low-carbon operation objective function is constructed, constituting a flexible load low-carbon regulation method that considers the dynamic carbon emission factor.

[0120] The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on the dynamic carbon emission factor correction proposed in this embodiment aims to improve the low-carbon operation capability of microgrids. The model for this flexible load low-carbon regulation method uses minimizing carbon emissions as the objective function. The model's function is a formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the microgrid within a preset time period. Here, the total carbon emissions of the microgrid are the sum of the carbon emissions from adjustable loads participating in low-carbon demand response within the scheduling cycle. It should be noted that the microgrid should include fixed loads. Therefore, the summation term of the function includes the carbon emissions from fixed loads, the carbon emissions from shiftable loads, the carbon emissions from transferable loads, and the carbon emissions from loads that can be reduced. Thus, the expression for the low-carbon operation objective function is:

[0121]

[0122] In the formula, E ALL E represents the total emissions of the microgrid. e,base For carbon emissions from stationary loads, P e,load,t P represents the microgrid load power at time t. e,base,t This is for fixed load power.

[0123] Optionally, the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model also includes power balance constraints. That is, the proposed method involves various microgrid components and adjustable flexible loads, and while ensuring the lowest possible carbon emissions from microgrid operation, it must also satisfy power balance constraints.

[0124]

[0125] After the above modeling, equation (22) of the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is solved by the solver. By transferring low-carbon emission factor electricity through energy storage devices and combining it with flexible load regulation, the regulation results of different flexible loads in the microgrid (a new scheduling strategy) can be obtained, which can further realize the low-carbon operation of the microgrid. This method has universality and only requires changing some equipment models for microgrid systems with different components.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factors, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Model the power equipment within the microgrid and obtain the operating model of the power equipment; Based on the operation model of the power equipment and the dynamic green electricity ratio during the microgrid power purchase process, a dynamic carbon emission factor model of the microgrid is constructed, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid is obtained by solving the dynamic carbon emission factor model of the microgrid. The dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid is corrected by the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device to obtain the corrected dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid. Construct a flexible load low-carbon demand response model based on flexible load characteristics and initial scheduling strategy; Based on the microgrid modified dynamic carbon emission factor and the flexible load low-carbon demand response model, a flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is constructed; the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model takes the minimum carbon emission as the objective function. By solving the model of the flexible load low-carbon regulation method, the flexible load regulation method of microgrid is obtained; The correction method includes the following steps: The carbon emissions of the energy storage device under time-series conditions are calculated based on its operating status, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device is solved based on the carbon emissions. When the energy storage device is in a charging state, the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device is... for: ； In the formula: For the dynamic carbon emission factor of microgrids, The energy storage device contains electricity at time t; The charging power of the energy storage device at time t; Improve the charging efficiency of energy storage devices; The self-loss rate of energy storage equipment; When the energy storage device is in a discharging state, the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device for: ； In the formula: The discharge efficiency of energy storage devices; Let t be the discharge power of the energy storage device at time t; Based on the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the energy storage device under time-series conditions, the corrected dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid is obtained. The formula is: ； In the formula: For real-time power of energy storage devices, Let t be the amount of carbon emissions released by the energy storage device during discharge; The real-time load of the microgrid at time t; and These represent the carbon emissions generated at time t from the microgrid's purchase of electricity from the grid and from the diesel generator set's power generation.

2. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power equipment within the microgrid includes fossil fuel generator sets, renewable energy generator sets, energy storage devices, and flexible loads.

3. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operating model of the fossil fuel generator set includes: Output model based on output constraints and start-stop model based on control strategy.

4. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The renewable energy generator sets include distributed photovoltaic generator sets and distributed wind turbine generator sets; The operating model of the photovoltaic generator set includes a photovoltaic power output model based on power output fluctuation parameters; The operating model of the wind turbine generator set includes a wind power output model based on power output fluctuation parameters.

5. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operating model of the energy storage device includes an operating state model based on energy storage constraints.

6. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the microgrid dynamic carbon emission factor model includes the following steps: Calculate the carbon emissions from electricity purchases for the microgrid based on time series. Calculate the carbon emissions from power generation equipment within the microgrid based on time series. The carbon emissions from electricity purchase and electricity generation are calculated using normalization to obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor of the microgrid.

7. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible load characteristics include being able to be translated, transferred, and reduced.

8. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The function of the flexible load low-carbon regulation method model is the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the microgrid within a preset time period. The summation term in the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the microgrid includes carbon emissions from stationary loads, carbon emissions from shiftable loads, carbon emissions from transferable loads, and carbon emissions from loads that can be reduced.

9. The microgrid flexible load regulation method based on dynamic carbon emission factor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The model for the flexible load low-carbon regulation method also includes constraints. The constraints include at least power balance constraints.

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