Solar energy utilization system

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar energy utilization system, which comprises a linear Fresnel reflector device, an energy receiving end and a solar energy tracking device, and is characterized in that the energy receiving end is located at a light condensation position of the linear Fresnel reflector device; and the solar tracking device is positioned between the reflecting mirror of the linear Fresnel reflecting mirror device and the energy receiving end. According to the solar energy utilization system, the solar energy tracking device facing the linear Fresnel reflecting mirror is used for observing the utilization condition of solar energy, the angle and / or direction of the mirror surface needing to be controlled are / is obtained through analysis and processing according to observed light information, a control signal is sent to the control device, and the control device is used for controlling the solar energy utilization system. Therefore, the sunlight tracking precision of the linear Fresnel reflector device is adjusted, and the system efficiency is improved. According to the solar energy utilization system, the sunlight utilization efficiency is higher, the manual monitoring and maintenance cost is reduced, and the overall sunlight utilization rate and economic benefits of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a solar energy utilization system, and more particularly to a solar energy utilization system including a solar tracking device. Background Art

[0002] Affected by objective economic conditions, coal and firewood are still commonly used for winter heating in rural areas, which is not conducive to emission reduction and pollution reduction. The fundamental solution is to make local use of sustainable energy such as solar energy to solve the heating problem in rural areas. Of course, the solar energy utilization system can not only solve the above-mentioned rural heating problem, but also has important application value in many other fields.

[0003] At present, in the field of solar thermal utilization, there are at least four relatively common and economically beneficial systems, namely: flat plate water heaters, vacuum tube water heaters, trough type concentrating systems, and linear Fresnel concentrating systems. The first two mainly produce low-temperature output media, and the latter two mainly produce medium-high temperature output media. The present invention mainly relates to a solar energy utilization system including a linear Fresnel concentrating device.

[0004] In the existing domestic and foreign linear Fresnel concentrating technologies, a linear Fresnel concentrator is generally used to form a light reflection field, and the concentrator is controlled to concentrate sunlight on the heat collection device.

[0005] A concentrating solar thermal energy utilization system using a linear Fresnel reflector is a new energy system that collects solar radiation and concentrates sunlight to an energy receiver through one or more simultaneously moving reflectors for photo-thermal or photo-electric conversion. Such systems usually include a control component, an electromechanical component, a reflecting and concentrating component, and an energy receiver. Based on the demand for zero-carbon, environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy, such systems have been widely used in the field of new energy utilization.

[0006] However, during the synchronous movement of the reflectors in a solar energy utilization system, the angle between each reflector and the horizontal plane is different, and the incident angles of the reflected light directed towards the energy receiver are also different. The system cannot simply optically sense in real time at the narrow condensing focus whether each mirror has indeed projected the reflected light onto the energy receiving end. Due to the above difficulties, most linear Fresnel concentrating systems on the market currently lack the ability to sense the incident angle of the reflected light caused by the attitude of the reflectors, and there is no feedback signal available to guide the real-time fine adjustment of the position of the reflectors. Such systems rely on clocks, built-in data and algorithms, and position sensors to control the attitude of the reflectors. Although they are working all the time, the system itself is unaware of the actual sunlight concentrating effect produced by these reflectors. Therefore, the existing linear Fresnel concentrating systems have problems such as poor actual sunlight concentrating effect, high dependence on manual debugging and maintenance, and high requirements for installation accuracy, resulting in a relatively high comprehensive cost during the actual application process and restricting the popularization and application of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems and improve the existing solar energy utilization system, the purpose of the present application is to provide a solar energy utilization system that can sense in real time the reflected light from a linear Fresnel reflector device, process and analyze the real-time sensed optical signal, thereby optimizing and controlling the mirror movement of the linear Fresnel reflector device and improving the solar energy utilization efficiency.

[0008] The present invention provides a solar energy utilization system, including a linear Fresnel reflector device, an energy receiving end, and a solar tracking device. The energy receiving end is located at the condensing position of the linear Fresnel reflector device; the solar tracking device is located between the reflectors of the linear Fresnel reflector device and the energy receiving end.

[0009] Preferably, the solar energy utilization system further includes a processor and a control device. The solar tracking device receives the optical signal from the linear Fresnel reflector device and sends it to the processor. The processor analyzes and processes the optical signal, obtains the mirror angles and / or directions to be controlled, and sends a control signal to the control device to control the movement of the linear Fresnel reflector device to track sunlight to the greatest extent.

[0010] Preferably, there is a main reflector in the linear Fresnel reflector device. The solar tracking device includes a photoelectric sensor. The main reflector rotates around the main rotation axis. A plane where the main rotation axis is located is perpendicular to a plane where the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric sensor is located and passes through the center of the photosensitive surface, thereby determining the main reflector. Thus, the main reflector can be changed as needed without being fixed to a certain mirror surface, which is beneficial for the system to receive reflected light signals more flexibly and comprehensively, control the system more precisely, and achieve optimized utilization. More preferably, the distance between the main reflector and the energy receiving end is the shortest compared with other reflectors. Preferably, when the distance between the main reflector and the energy receiving end is the shortest compared with other reflectors, and when the vertical distance from the energy receiving end to the rotation axis of the main reflector is H, and the distance between the rotation axis of any other mirror surface and the rotation axis of the main reflector is L during system operation, the included angle between the any other mirror surface and the main reflector is set to Arctan(L / H) / 2.

[0011] Preferably, the rotation axes of all reflectors are perpendicular to the line connecting the center of the energy receiving end and the center of the photoelectric sensor, and the plane where the energy receiving end is located is parallel to the rotation axis of the reflector. Preferably, the main reflector, the energy receiving end, and the solar tracking device are arranged in a straight line, and the solar tracking device is located in the middle. Preferably, the line connecting the energy receiving end and the photoelectric sensor is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main reflector and coplanar with the rotation axis. More preferably, this line passes through the center line of the energy receiving end and the center of the photosensitive surface of the sensor. For example, when the energy receiving end is a rectangular end face, the line connecting a point on the center line along the long side direction of the rectangular end face and the center of the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric sensor is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation axis of the main reflector. The above various settings are beneficial for configuring the system as needed, optimizing the system performance according to the present invention, and realizing the solar energy utilization efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the solar tracking device has no physical contact with the energy receiving end and the main reflector. Such a setting is beneficial for avoiding the high temperature at the focus while optimizing the precise sensing and control of the system, and the accuracy of the sensing and control process is not interfered by the rotation of any mirror surface.

[0013] Preferably, the control device actively controls the movement of the main reflector, and other reflectors move synchronously following the main reflector. Such a setting makes the control simple. Moreover, when the main reflector can be flexibly confirmed as needed, it is convenient to achieve control.

[0014] In some embodiments, the processor and / or the control device further includes a solar motion trajectory tracking program, which can alternatively or in combination with the solar energy tracking device control the movement of the mirror to better track the incident sunlight. This can switch and utilize different control methods, expand the coverage environment range of the system, and optimize the system accuracy.

[0015] Preferably, the energy receiving end is provided with a concentrating heat collection device or a heat storage and heat exchange device.

[0016] Preferably, the energy receiving end is provided with a photoelectric conversion device.

[0017] Preferably, the energy receiving end can spin, and the position of the center point of its spin is fixed.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solar energy tracking device is fixedly installed between the mirror of the linear Fresnel mirror device and the energy receiving end. In other embodiments, the solar energy tracking device can move or spin, and the movement trajectory and / or the center point of the spin are fixed.

[0019] In some embodiments, the concentrating heat collection device or the heat storage and heat exchange device serving as the energy receiving end and the photoelectric conversion device can work in different modes by switching. Preferably, the concentrating heat collection device or the heat storage and heat exchange device and the photoelectric conversion device are arranged back to back, and the whole can rotate, and one of the surfaces faces the linear Fresnel mirror device and receives energy during operation. Preferably, the heat storage and heat exchange device includes an energy collection device having a heat storage and heat exchange medium. In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion device is a solar panel.

[0020] In some embodiments, there can be multiple processors as needed, so as to more reasonably configure the processors and their work tasks according to requirements such as environment, size, material, and space.

[0021] In some embodiments, the photoelectric sensor is a camera, which can take images formed by the light reflected by the mirror at programmable time intervals and transmit the images to the processor in real time. The processor processes the images to obtain the angle and / or direction information of the mirror reflected light, analyzes this information, and thus obtains the mirror angle and / or direction that needs to be adjusted, and sends it to the control device, which adjusts the mirror movement posture of the linear Fresnel mirror device.

[0022] Preferably, the solar energy utilization system according to the present invention can continuously and rapidly operate and finely adjust the mirror movement posture of the Fresnel mirror device in real time to maximize the system efficiency. More preferably, the solar energy tracking device according to the present invention can be upgraded and loaded with a vision recognition model trained by AI, which further improves the concentrating accuracy.

[0023] In some embodiments, the control device includes an electromechanical component to control the rotation angle of each mirror. In some embodiments, a linkage mechanism composed of a rack and a gear drives between the rotation axes of the mirrors of the linear Fresnel mirror device and forms a synchronous rotation. Only the rotation axis of the main mirror needs to be controlled, and the other mirrors move passively.

[0024] Preferably, the linear Fresnel mirror device includes a mirror array composed of plane mirrors or curved mirrors. More preferably, the linear Fresnel mirror device includes a mirror surface array composed of at least one plane mirror and a mirror rotation axis. In some embodiments, an end mirror is provided at one end of the mirror array to capture more solar reflected light.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The solar energy utilization system of the present invention includes a solar tracking device and a linear Fresnel mirror device, which can more real-time control, monitor and improve the accuracy of the linear Fresnel mirror device in tracking sunlight. It has a higher utilization efficiency of sunlight than the existing linear Fresnel mirror system, reduces the manual monitoring and maintenance costs, and improves the overall daylight utilization rate and economic benefits of the system. The system can freely switch between the heating and power generation modes to meet the user needs in various application scenarios with limited site area. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 : An existing solar energy utilization system including a linear Fresnel reflection device.

[0027] Figure 2A : A solar energy utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2B : According to Figure 2A The schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the shown embodiment.

[0029] Figure 2C : According to Figure 2A The partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the shown embodiment.

[0030] Figure 3 : A solar energy utilization system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 : An energy receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 : An energy receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention, having two convertible working modes.

[0033] Figure 6 : An energy receiving end with a heat exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 : The energy receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention has two convertible working modes.

[0035] Figure 8 : The solar energy utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention uses a dual-mode energy receiving end to work in a heating working mode.

[0036] Figure 9 : The solar energy utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention uses a dual-mode energy receiving end to work in a power generation working mode.

[0037] Figure 10 : The linear Fresnel reflector device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes only one flat mirror on one side, and the rest are curved mirrors.

[0038] Figure 11 : The linear Fresnel reflector device according to an embodiment of the present invention is placed obliquely.

[0039] Figure 12 : The solar energy utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with an end mirror at one end of the mirror array.

[0040] 1. Reflector; 2. Electromechanical component; 3. Solar energy utilization system; 4. Energy receiving end; 5. Solar tracking device; 6. Main reflector; 7. Other reflectors; 8. Control device; 9. Photoelectric sensor; 10. Processor; 11. Linear Fresnel reflector device; 12. Receiver frame; 13. Vacuum tube; 14. Solar panel; 15. Water inlet; 16. Water outlet; 17. Central axis; 18. Heat exchange device; 19. Cold water pipe; 20. Connecting pipeline; 21. Secondary condensing device; 22. Communication line; 23. Main reflector rotation axis; 24. Condensing place; 25. Connection line between the energy receiving end and the photoelectric sensor; 26. End face of the energy receiving end; 27. A plane where the main rotation axis is located; 28. Plane where the photosensitive surface is located; 29. Center of the photosensitive surface; 30. Photosensitive surface; 31. Point on the center line of the energy receiving end; 32. End mirror; 33. Center line in the long side direction of the end face of the energy receiving end; 34. Plane where the end face of the energy receiving end is located. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not regarded as limitations to the present invention. For the convenience of description, some of the drawings only show parts related to the present invention or specific embodiments. Without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0042] Figure 1 Shows a typical existing solar energy utilization system including a linear Fresnel reflector device, which includes a group of mirror 1 arrays, electromechanical components 2, and an energy receiving end 4. The system has built-in solar trajectory data, and based on this data, controls the mirror 1 array to move with the position of the sun through the electromechanical components 2, aggregating sunlight to the position where the energy receiver end 4 is located, achieving the purpose of solar thermal utilization.

[0043] Figures 2A - 2C Illustrates a solar energy utilization system 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a linear Fresnel mirror device 11, an energy receiving end 4, and a solar tracking device 5. In this embodiment, the main mirror of the linear Fresnel mirror device 11 is the main mirror 6, which has a main rotation axis 23. Figure 2A Also shown are other components such as the remaining mirrors 7, electromechanical components 2, control device 8, etc.

[0044] In this embodiment, the energy receiving end 4 is placed at the light concentrating position 24 of the linear Fresnel mirror device 11. The solar tracking device 5 has a photoelectric sensor 9 and is connected to a processor 10. The processor 10 is also connected to the electromechanical components through a communication line 22. In other embodiments, the processor 10 can be located at other positions in the system or there can be multiple processors. It can be directly connected to or separated from the photoelectric sensor 9, and can also communicate remotely with all or part of the photoelectric sensor 9. The communication line 22 can also be wired and / or wireless communication.

[0045] In this embodiment, the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric sensor 9 faces each mirror surface of the linear Fresnel mirror device, and is located between the main mirror 6 and the energy receiving end 4. Due to the above arrangement of the solar tracking device 5, it has no physical contact with the linear Fresnel mirror device 11 and the energy receiving end 4, does not move with their movements, has a simple structure, stable signals, and good economy. At the same time, since the photoelectric sensor 9 included in the solar tracking device 5 faces the main flat mirror 6 and is not at the energy receiving end, it can receive only the sunlight reflected by one side of the main mirror 6, avoiding the danger of high-temperature burning, further simplifying the structure and reducing the system cost.

[0046] Figure 2C Shows in an upward view and enlarged three-dimensional form Figure 2A and 2B the positional relationships such as the photosensitive surface 30 and its center 29 with the plane 27 where the main rotation axis is located, and their positional relationships with the energy collection end 4, center line 33, and end face 26, etc. shown in the embodiment in

[0047] As Figure 2CAs shown, a plane 27 where the main rotation axis 23 lies is perpendicular to the photosensitive surface 30 of the photosensor 9 included in the solar tracking device 5, and the plane 27 passes through the center 29 of the photosensitive surface 30. The plane 28 is the plane where the photosensitive surface 30 lies. These planes 27 and 28 are logical concepts used to assist in describing the relative positional relationship between the main rotation axis 23 and the photosensitive surface 30 of the photosensor 9, and are not the physical structures of this solar energy utilization system. The connection line 25 between a point 31 on the center line 33 of the energy receiving end 4 and the center 29 of the photosensitive surface 30 of the photosensor 9 is perpendicular to the rotation axis 23 of the main reflector 6. At the same time, the end face 26 of the energy receiving end 4 is parallel to the rotation axis 23 of the main reflector 6.

[0048] In Figure 2C , the energy receiving end is a long rectangular end face 26. On this rectangular end face, the connection line 25 between a point 31 on the center line 33 in the long side direction and the center 29 of the photosensitive surface 30 of the photosensor 9 is perpendicular and coplanar with the rotation axis of the main reflector 6, that is, the main rotation axis 23. This point 31 does not necessarily have to be in the middle and can also be at other positions on the center line 33. On the one hand, this facilitates the flexible definition of the main reflector according to needs and the flexible control of the entire mirror array. On the other hand, it can more accurately and conveniently obtain the reflected light signal and optimize the performance of the solar energy utilization system.

[0049] According to the solar energy utilization system 3 of the present invention, the solar tracking device 5 is used to receive light from the linear Fresnel mirror device 11 and send the optical signal to the processor 10. The processor 10 analyzes and processes the optical signal and sends a signal to the control device 8, thereby controlling the movement of the linear Fresnel mirror device 11 to track sunlight to the greatest extent.

[0050] When the sunlight reflected by the main reflector 6 towards the energy receiving end 4 deviates slightly in direction, the photosensor 9 included in the solar tracking device 5 located between the two can capture this information in real time and send it to the processor. After the processor 10 analyzes and processes the signal, it sends a control signal to the control device 8, and the control device 8 timely adjusts the postures of the plane mirror 6 and the remaining mirrors 7 through the electromechanical component 2, thereby eliminating the deviation of the sunlight direction towards the energy receiving end 4, and thus optimizing the closed-loop precise control.

[0051] Optionally, a solar movement trajectory tracking program can also be built into the solar energy utilization system 3 of the present invention. Specifically, it can be installed in the processor 10 and / or the control device 8. This program can include data and algorithms. In some embodiments, during the day when the sun moves from east to west, the solar energy utilization system first drives the main reflector 6 and the remaining reflectors 7 to follow the sun's movement according to the built-in solar movement trajectory tracking program, and focuses the sunlight reflected by each reflector onto the energy receiving end 4 located at the focal point. During this process, the solar tracking device 5 constantly monitors in real time whether there is a slight deviation in the sunlight direction from the main reflector 6 towards the energy receiving end 4. If a deviation is found, the solar energy utilization system 3 abandons its built-in solar movement trajectory tracking program and enters the closed-loop precise control state tracked by the solar tracking device 5. At this time, the optical signals such as the sunlight reflection angle, direction, and / or intensity monitored in real time by the solar tracking device 5 are processed by the processor 10 to determine the required reflector angle and / or direction, and control signals are sent to the control device 8 through the communication line 22 (which can be wireless communication) to control the rotation of the main reflector 6 and the remaining flat mirror groups 7, and strive to eliminate the deviation and optimize the closed-loop control to track the sun. If it is cloudy or at night and the solar tracking device 5 cannot receive the sunlight direction signal, the solar energy utilization system 3 can automatically exit the closed-loop tracking process and drive the movement of the main reflector 6 and the remaining reflectors 7 again according to the built-in data and algorithms, that is, the solar movement trajectory tracking program, to achieve the system control purpose.

[0052] In this embodiment, the distance between the main reflector 6 and the solar tracking device 5 is the closest. However, the main reflector 6 does not necessarily have to be the one with the closest distance to the solar tracking device 5. The main reflector can also be a reflector located at other positions that meet the conditions, that is, meet the conditions: a plane where the main rotation axis of the main reflector is located is perpendicular to the plane where the photosensitive surface of the solar tracking device is located and passes through the center of the photosensitive surface.

[0053] In this embodiment, Figures 2A - 2C In, the processor 10 and the solar tracking device 5 are arranged together, and only one processor 10 is shown. However, in other embodiments, there can be multiple processors 10, and they can also be arranged elsewhere. For example, they can be arranged together with the control device 8 or at other positions in the solar energy utilization system. Multiple processors can complete the same or different arithmetic, analysis, and / or signal processing tasks according to needs.

[0054] Figure 3A solar energy utilization system according to the present invention is shown, where the position of the main reflector 23 is not the closest to that of the solar tracking device 5. However, the rotation axis 23 of the main reflector 23 still satisfies the above conditions, that is, the plane 27 where the main rotation axis 23 is located is perpendicular to the plane 28 where the photosensitive surface 30 of the solar tracking device 5 is located, and the plane 27 passes through the center 29 of the photosensitive surface 30. From the above Figures 2A - 2C and Figure 3 it can be seen that the main reflector can be flexibly allocated, depending on the relative position between the rotation axis 23 of the main reflector and the solar tracking device 5, and it only needs to satisfy the above conditions to become the main reflector.

[0055] Figure 4 The energy receiving end 4 in an embodiment according to the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the other components of the solar energy utilization system 3 are the same as those in the above Figures 2A - 2C and are not shown here. Figure 4 The energy receiving end 4 shown Figure 4 includes a device that simply realizes photothermal conversion. Specifically, in this embodiment, the energy receiving end 4 includes a receiving end frame 12 and four vacuum tubes 13. The vacuum tubes 13 are traditional heat storage and heat exchange devices, which can be connected, accommodate, and drive a supporting heat conducting medium to form a heat absorption and conduction mechanism, providing a heat source for further utilization at a remote end. When in use, it is placed at the condensing point 24 of the mirror array of the linear Fresnel reflector device 11 to receive the heat energy brought by solar radiation. A cold water inlet 15 and an outlet 16 can also be provided on the vacuum tubes 13 to realize heat storage and heat exchange, and both can be made of flexible materials or connecting mechanisms ( Figure 5 shown in

[0056] Figure 4 The such single heating device shown only has a heating function. In the case of using a linear Fresnel mirror array for condensing, there are usually also electricity consumption requirements such as motors, air conditioners, and communications, and there are periods when the heat is excessive and cannot be stored and consumed, resulting in waste heat phenomenon and reducing the overall utilization rate of solar energy. If the Figure 4 energy receiving end 4 can be modified to be convertible between two modes of heating and power generation, the overall utilization rate of solar energy can be improved. The present invention hereinafter proposes an energy receiving end that can perform dual-mode conversion between heat energy and electric energy to solve the above problems.

[0057] Figure 5 The energy receiving end in an embodiment according to the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the other components of the solar energy utilization system 3 are the same as those in the above Figures 2A - 2C and are not shown here. Figure 4 The energy receiving end 4 shown Figure 5 is a convertible dual-mode device for heating and power generation. In this embodiment, at the energy receiving end 4,Figure 4 The heat storage and heat exchange device vacuum tube 13 shown is back-to-back with a photoelectric conversion device, such as a solar panel 14. At the center of the energy receiving end 4, between the heat storage and heat exchange device and the photoelectric conversion device, a flip axis 17 is also provided, and the energy receiving end 4 including the heat storage and heat exchange device and the photoelectric conversion device can flip and stop around the axis 17 as a whole. The flipping and stopping positions of the energy storage and heat exchange device, such as the vacuum tube 13, and the photoelectric conversion device, such as the solar panel 14, are determined according to the working mode requirements of the solar energy utilization system. For example, when the solar energy utilization system according to the present invention needs heat storage and heat exchange, the side of the heat storage and heat exchange device, such as the vacuum tube 13, is oriented toward the direction of the linear Fresnel condenser device 11. When the solar energy utilization system needs to generate electricity, the side of the photoelectric conversion device, such as the solar panel 14, is oriented toward the direction of the linear Fresnel condenser device 11. In this embodiment, the solar energy utilization system realizes free switching between the two working modes of power generation and heat generation.

[0058] The above-mentioned heat storage and heat exchange device can also be replaced by a heat and energy gathering device. When it is a heat and energy gathering device, it can be further connected to other heat exchange devices.

[0059] The solar cell panel 14 may be a conventional single crystal or polycrystalline cell panel, or a gallium arsenide or perovskite high temperature resistant cell panel, depending on the scene requirements.

[0060] In the solar energy utilization system, the energy receiving end 4 is at the focus where the sunlight converges, and the temperature can reach more than 200 degrees Celsius, so there is currently no economical, reliable and feasible solution to install a durable sensor at the focus to observe and feedback the movement posture of the linear Fresnel reflector device 11. The installation method of the solar tracking device 5 in the present invention has no physical contact with the energy receiving end 4, which not only prevents the solar tracking system from being burned by high temperature, but also makes the switching process of the dual-mode working mode simple, that is, whether the energy receiving end 4 adopts the heating mode or the power generation mode, it does not affect the normal operation of the solar tracking device 5 and the overall solar energy utilization system 3.

[0061] The photoelectric conversion device, such as the solar panel 14, may be further connected to a heat storage and heat exchange device or a heat exchange device, which absorbs heat from the solar panel 14 to improve the working temperature of the solar panel. Figure 6 An energy receiving end 4 with a heat exchange device 18 is shown. The heat exchange device 18 is in full contact with the solar panel 14 and there is a water path inside the heat exchange device 18. The cold water pipe 19 provides circulating cold water to the internal water path. When the cold water passes through the water path inside the heat exchange device 18, it takes away the heat received and generated by the solar panel 14 during operation, thereby cooling it. The heat exchange device can also enter the water inlet 15 of the vacuum tube 13 through the connecting pipe 20 to participate in Figure 5The overall heat exchange cycle of the dual-mode energy receiver shown. Therefore, when the solar panel 18 is set to face the linear Fresnel reflector device 11 to receive the concentrated light from the mirror array, the device can improve the temperature of the solar panel 18 and keep it within a suitable range.

[0062] Figure 7 Another energy receiver 4 with two convertible working modes is shown. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic conversion device adopted by the solar energy utilization system 3 is a smaller-sized gallium arsenide-based solar panel 14. The advantages of gallium arsenide-based or perovskite-based high-temperature-resistant panels are that their photoelectric efficiency can reach up to 40% under strong light, but they are relatively expensive. In this embodiment, reducing the panel area, lowering the equipment cost, and improving the efficiency are considered. For this purpose, in Figure 7 this embodiment, a secondary concentrator 21 is attached to the solar panel 14, which secondarily concentrates the reflected light from the mirror array of the linear Fresnel reflector device 11 onto a smaller-sized new-type gallium arsenide or perovskite-based solar panel 14 to form photoelectric conversion and utilization. The secondary concentrator 21 is usually made of mirrors, and its shape varies, aiming to further increase the concentration ratio.

[0063] In Figure 7 the shown embodiment, the solar panel 14 is also connected to a heat exchange device 18, which is in full contact with the solar panel and has a water path inside. The cold water pipe 19 supplies circulating cold water to the water path inside the heat exchange device 18. When the cold water passes through the inside of the heat exchange device 18, it takes away the heat of the solar panel 14 and cools it down, and can enter the water inlet 15 of the vacuum tube 13 through the connecting pipe 20 to participate in the dual-mode overall heat exchange cycle.

[0064] Figure 8 Fig. shows a solar energy utilization system 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which uses a dual-mode energy receiver to work in the heat generation working mode. According to actual needs, one side of the vacuum tube 13 included in the energy receiver 4 shown in the figure is set to face the linear Fresnel reflector device 11 to receive the mirror reflected light. At this time, the solar energy utilization system 3 is in the working mode of solar thermal utilization. Figure 8 The energy receiver 4 is shown in an enlarged view in

[0065] Figure 9 Fig. shows a solar energy utilization system 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which uses a dual-mode energy receiver to work in the power generation working mode. As shown in the figure, according to actual needs, one side of the solar panel 14 included in the energy receiver 4 is set to face downward, so the whole system enters the photovoltaic utilization working mode. Figure 9 The energy receiver 4 is shown in an enlarged view in

[0066] Figure 10Shown is a solar energy utilization system 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a linear Fresnel mirror device 11, which only includes a plane mirror 6 on one side, and the rest are curved mirrors. The advantage of the curved mirror is that it can increase the concentration ratio, so as to ensure that more sunlight can be projected onto the energy receiving end 4. In this embodiment, the plane mirror 6 directly below the energy receiving end 4 is the main reflector, and the sunlight it reflects towards the energy receiving end 4 maintains the characteristics of parallel light and has a clear directionality. When the reflected light with clear directionality hits the solar tracking device 5, the photoelectric sensor 9 included in the solar tracking device 5 receives the optical signal, and the processor 10 makes judgments and analytical processing on the direction and / or energy of the reflected light, and sends a control signal to the control device 8 through wireless or wired means, thereby optimizing the overall closed-loop control of the solar energy utilization system. The curved mirror does not affect the normal operation of the closed-loop control mechanism of the solar energy system of the present invention.

[0067] In other embodiments, the linear Fresnel mirror device 11 can also all be plane mirrors. For example, in the embodiment shown below Figure 11 all plane mirrors are used.

[0068] Figure 11 A solar energy utilization system 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a linear Fresnel mirror device 11, which is placed obliquely. In this embodiment, the mirrors 6 and 7 are plane mirrors, and they are installed on a slope. This is determined by the terrain of the application scenario, such as on a hillside or a sloping roof. In this embodiment, the overall inclination of the solar energy utilization system 3 does not affect the installation method and operation mechanism of the solar tracking device.

[0069] Figure 12 Shown is a solar energy utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the main mirror surface 6 and all other mirror surfaces 7 are horizontally placed in the north-south direction, and a plane mirror placed vertically is provided on the north side, called the end reflector 32. As shown in the figure, a beam of sunlight is reflected by a Fresnel linear mirror surface 7 placed in the north-south direction and then reaches the end reflector 32, and then the end reflector 32 finally reflects it onto the energy receiving end 4.

[0070] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments discussed above. The above description of the specific embodiments aims to describe and illustrate the technical solutions involved in the present invention. Obvious transformations, substitutions or combinations based on the inspiration of the present invention should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The above specific embodiments are used to disclose the best implementation methods of the present invention, so that those of ordinary skill in the art can apply various embodiments and various alternative methods of the present invention to achieve the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar energy utilization system (3), comprising: a linear Fresnel reflector device (11), an energy receiving end (4), and a solar tracking device (5), characterized in that: the energy receiving end (4) is located at the light condensing position of the linear Fresnel reflector device (11); the solar tracking device (5) is located between the reflector of the linear Fresnel reflector device (11) and the energy receiving end (4).

2. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar tracking device (5) receives an optical signal from the linear Fresnel reflector device (11) and sends it to a processor (10), the processor (10) analyzes and processes the optical signal, and issues a control signal to a control device (8), and the control device (8) controls the movement of the linear Fresnel reflector device accordingly.

3. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the linear Fresnel reflector device (11) has a main reflector (6), the main reflector has a main rotation axis (23), and a plane (27) where the main rotation axis (23) is located is perpendicular to the photosensitive surface (30) of the solar tracking device (5) and passes through the center (29) of the photosensitive surface.

4. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 3, characterized in that the main reflector (6), the energy receiving end (4), and the solar tracking device (5) are arranged in a straight line, and the solar tracking device (5) is located in the middle.

5. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 4, characterized in that: the connection line between the energy receiving end (4) and the photoelectric sensor (9) is perpendicular to and coplanar with the rotation axis (23) of the main reflector (6).

6. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to any one of claims 4 - 5, characterized in that: when the distance between the main reflector (6) and the energy receiving end (4) is the shortest relative to other reflectors, and the perpendicular distance from the energy receiving end (4) to the rotation axis of the main reflector (6) is H, and the distance between the rotation axis of any other mirror surface and the main rotation axis (23) of the main reflector (6) is L, then when the solar energy utilization system (3) is operating, the included angle between any other mirror surface and the main reflector is set to Arctan(L / H) / 2.

7. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that the processor (10) and / or the control device (8) further includes a solar movement trajectory tracking program, and the solar movement trajectory tracking program determines the required mirror rotation angle and / or direction alternatively or in combination with the solar tracking device (5).

8. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control device (8) actively controls the movement of the main reflector (6), and other reflectors move synchronously following the main reflector (6).

9. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy receiving end (4) is provided with a heat storage and heat exchange device or a concentrating and heat collecting device.

10. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to any one of claims 1-2, 4-5, 7-9, characterized in that the energy receiving end (4) is provided with a photoelectric conversion device.

11. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat storage and heat exchange device or the concentrating and heat collecting device and the photoelectric conversion device can work in different modes by switching.

12. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 10, characterized in that the concentrating and heat collecting device or the heat storage and heat exchange device and the photoelectric conversion device are arranged back to back and can rotate as a whole, and face the linear Fresnel reflector device (11) when one of them is working.

13. The solar energy utilization system (3) according to claim 3, characterized in that the solar tracking device (5) has no physical contact with the energy receiving end (4) and the main reflector (6).

Images