Water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform and its application in water conservancy projects

Abstract

The application discloses a water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform and application thereof in water conservancy projects, and solves construction and safety problems. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform comprises fixing piles, buoyancy boxes, mounting supports, photovoltaic panels, main steel cable restraint systems and daily driving systems, one mounting support is mounted on each buoyancy box, and the buoyancy box bears the gravity of the mounting support and the photovoltaic panel; the fixing piles are arranged in a line in water bodies of the water conservancy projects, and the main steel cable restraint systems connect the fixing piles into a whole; the mounting support has a cantilever extending rearward, a telescopic vertical rod or a parallelogram structure is slidably mounted on the cantilever, and the top of the telescopic vertical rod or the parallelogram structure is connected with the daily driving system. The mounting platform has the advantages of both fixed-pile type and floating type power generation platforms, guarantees the safety of power generation facilities under water surface changes, especially under extreme weather such as storms, and solves the problem of low power generation efficiency in existing water surface photovoltaic power generation platforms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of equipment platforms for photovoltaic power generation on water surface areas in water conservancy projects. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water surface photovoltaic power generation engineering refers to an engineering of erecting photovoltaic power generation panels in lakes, rivers or wetlands and generating photovoltaic power. Compared with land photovoltaic power generation engineering, water surface photovoltaic power generation engineering is more difficult, not only in terms of construction difficulty, but also in terms of wind resistance and flood resistance, which is caused by the special construction environment.

[0003] Water surface photovoltaic power generation engineering can be divided into fixed pile type and floating type according to different fixing methods. The fixed pile type refers to driving piles in lakes and rivers to form an installation support, and directly or indirectly installing solar photovoltaic panels on the top of the fixed pile so that the solar photovoltaic panels are above the water surface. The floating type refers to placing floating bodies such as various boxes in a floating state on the water surface of lakes and rivers, and setting appropriate configurations to make the boxes in a state of approximate balance, and directly or indirectly fixing solar photovoltaic panels on the boxes.

[0004] For example, CN118100757A discloses a fixed pile type, and the fixed pile is a pile foundation with a specific height, which is installed in water bodies such as shoals and needs to be higher than the highest water surface in the rainy season by several meters, for example, 3 meters, forming a pier column structure with bearing capacity, which is heavy at the top and light at the bottom. In extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and storms, the power generation facilities are at risk of overturning.

[0005] For example, CN202311737344.6 discloses a floating photovoltaic platform, which includes a plurality of support bases, the upper ends of the support bases are each provided with a bearing frame, and the upper ends of the bearing frames are each provided with a photovoltaic panel. This structure is a floating structure, which is easy to move with the flow, and the horizontal movement of the power generation facilities poses a risk of damage to the facilities.

[0006] For example, CN202311404386.8 discloses a water surface photovoltaic platform anchor system, which includes a floating platform composed of two horizontally parallel pontoons and a connecting plate connecting the two pontoons. The two ends of the pontoon are provided with a retractable structure, and the retractable structure is provided with an anchor rope connected with an adjusting anchor block below the pontoon. The outer side wall of the pontoon is provided with a fixed connection support plate along the length direction, and the length of the support plate is the same as that of the pontoon. The two ends of the support plate are provided with a retractable structure, and the retractable structure includes a motor and an anchor rope frame. The anchor rope frame is provided with an anchor rope, and the anchor rope is connected with the adjusting anchor block through a strip-shaped hole. The anchor block, anchor jaw, ear and anchor rope form a mechanical transmission system to realize underwater anchoring of the floating photovoltaic power station and realize basic platform fixation. The underwater anchoring construction of this structure is difficult and needs diving construction and fixation. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform, and its application scene in rivers, lakes and seas is introduced in detail. The installation platform has the advantages of fixed pile type and floating type power generation platform, ensures the safety of power generation facilities under water surface changes, especially in extreme weather such as storms, and solves the problem of low power generation efficiency of existing water surface photovoltaic power generation platforms.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the technical problems is:

[0009] The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform comprises a fixed pile, a buoyancy tank, a mounting bracket, a photovoltaic panel, a main steel cable constraint system and a daily driving system, wherein the fixed pile is a steel pile or a concrete pile fixed by piling in the bottom of a river, lake or sea, and the fixed pile is composed of three sections, i.e., an upper section, a middle section and a lower section; the lower section is a fixed section by piling, and the lower section is located at the bottom of a water conservancy project; the middle section is located in water and covers the maximum water level line completely; a mounting bracket is mounted on the buoyancy tank; the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the mounting bracket in an inclined posture, and the photovoltaic panel has a window through which the upper section of the fixed pile passes; a mounting hole is arranged on the buoyancy tank, a bearing assembly is mounted in the mounting hole, and the bearing assembly is movably connected with the fixed pile; a wear-resistant layer is arranged on the surface of the middle section of the fixed pile; the wear-resistant layer satisfies the requirement of the up-and-down floating space of the buoyancy tank between the maximum water level line and the minimum water level line, and the buoyancy tank bears the weight of the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel; the fixed piles are arranged in a line in the water body of the water conservancy project; the main steel cable constraint system comprises a steel cable and anchor foundations at both ends of the steel cable; the anchor foundations are located on the shore of the water conservancy project; the steel cable is anchored in the anchor foundations at both ends and is in a taut state after being tensioned; the steel cable is fixedly connected with the top of the fixed pile, and the main steel cable constraint system connects the fixed piles into a whole; the mounting bracket has a cantilever extending rearward, a telescopic vertical rod or a parallelogram structure is slidably mounted on the cantilever, the top of the telescopic vertical rod or the parallelogram structure is connected with the daily driving system, a sun-tracking sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, the sun-tracking sensor receives the azimuth information of sunlight and transmits the azimuth information to a control system, the control system controls the daily driving system to move to realize the daily tracking of the photovoltaic panel; the daily driving system returns to the position of the sunrise when the sunset time arrives; an inverter and an electric control box of the photovoltaic panel are mounted on the back of the photovoltaic panel and are electrically connected with an electric control cabinet on the shore of the water conservancy project through a cable.

[0010] The buoyancy tank is a hollow plastic tank with sufficient strength and thickness, and a micro water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve are integrated on the buoyancy tank; when the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water is introduced into the buoyancy tank, and the buoyancy tank is half-submerged or fully submerged to a predetermined height; the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve to realize partial or full submersion of the buoyancy tank; when the buoyancy tank needs to float up, the control system starts the micro water pump to pump out the water in the buoyancy tank.

[0011] An anti-aging plastic or carbon fiber layer is arranged on the surface of the buoyancy tank.

[0012] The bearing assembly is a ceramic bearing or a nylon bearing, and the bearing assembly is slidably connected with the wear-resistant layer.

[0013] The mounting hole of the bearing assembly is located at the geometric center of the buoyancy tank, the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel.

[0014] The mounting support comprises a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a vertical rod, wherein the horizontal frame is fixed with the buoyancy tank, and the inclined frame is fixed with the photovoltaic panel.

[0015] The mounting support comprises a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a manual jack, wherein the front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are movably connected, the rear ends are adjustably connected through the manual jack, and the inclination angle of the inclined frame is controlled.

[0016] The daily driving system comprises mounting columns, a motor, chain wheels, chains and steel cables, wherein the chains and the steel cables form a closed ring structure through two chain wheels, four chain wheels are mounted on the mounting columns, two mounting columns are located at the revetment or shoal of the water conservancy project, and at least one chain wheel is driven by the motor; a limit switch is arranged between the chains and the foundation, the limit switch is used for controlling the forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor, the steel cables are tightly connected with the mounting support, and the mounting support and the fixed photovoltaic panel are driven by the chains and the steel cables.

[0017] The main steel cable constraint system is a two-dimensional longitudinal and transverse interlaced main steel cable, and four ends of the main steel cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats, the end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete pouring bodies, and are located at the revetment or shoal of the water conservancy project.

[0018] The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform is suitable for rivers, ditches, lakes and shallow shoals.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0020] The present technology realizes the dynamic balance of the photovoltaic panel and the mounting support through the buoyancy, reduces the installation difficulty of the fixed pile, and reduces the engineering construction difficulty.

[0021] The present technology fixes two ends of the steel cable to the anchoring points on the shore, so that the construction of the anchoring points is simplified, the horizontal constraint of the top of the fixed pile is transmitted to the fixed anchoring points on the shore through the steel cable, the construction of the fixed anchoring points on the shore is simple, and the engineering construction cost is reduced.

[0022] The present technology constrains the horizontal position of the photovoltaic panel through the fixed pile, so that the positions of the buoyancy tank and the photovoltaic panel are accurately constrained, the installation precision is improved, and the photovoltaic panel is prevented from flowing with the water, even in a strong wind, the photovoltaic panel only has a small amount of floating in the height direction, and will not be horizontally displaced, so that the safety performance of the power generation facility is greatly improved.

[0023] The present technology realizes the modularization and mesh design of multiple photovoltaic panels, can meet the large-scale laying requirements, and can automatically adapt to the change of the water surface height.

[0024] The present technology is particularly suitable for inland water conservancy scenarios such as shoals, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. without tidal phenomena. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The noon time azimuth state of the self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform.

[0026] Figure 2 The afternoon time azimuth state of the self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform.

[0027] Figure 3 The morning time azimuth state of the self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform.

[0028] Figure 4 The vertical sectional view of a single power generation site.

[0029] Figure 5 The three-dimensional view of the cooperation of the fixed pile and the buoyancy tank.

[0030] Figure 6 The sectional view of Figure 5 .

[0031] Figure 7 The three-dimensional view of the fixed pile, the buoyancy tank and the installation support.

[0032] Figure 8 The three-dimensional view of the fixed pile, the buoyancy tank, the installation support and the photovoltaic panel.

[0033] Figure 9 The side view of Figure 8 .

[0034] Figure 10 The vertical plane schematic diagram of the daily driving system.

[0035] Figure 11 The horizontal plane schematic diagram of the daily driving system.

[0036] Figure 12 The three-dimensional view of the fixed pile, the buoyancy tank and the installation support of the second embodiment.

[0037] Figure 13 The three-dimensional view of the third embodiment.

[0038] Figure 14 The structural diagram of the fifth embodiment.

[0039] In the drawings:

[0040] 100 fixed pile, 101 steel cable fixing point, 102 wear-resistant layer, 103 limiting protrusion,

[0041] 200 Buoyancy tank, 201 Ceramic bearing, 202 Bolt holes or steel hoop mounting holes.

[0042] 300 Mounting bracket, 301 Horizontal frame, 302 Inclined frame, 303 Vertical member, 304 Cantilever, 305 Telescopic vertical member, 306 Counterweight, 307 Hinged member, 308 Manual jack, 309 Parallelogram structure

[0043] 400 photovoltaic panels, 401 inverter,

[0044] 500 main cable restraint system, 510 cable, 520 anchorage foundation.

[0045] 600 Daily drive system, 601 chain, 602 steel cable, 603 sprocket, 604 motor, 605 connection point between steel cable and mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform adopts a design concept that combines rigidity and flexibility, creating a power generation platform facility that combines rigid fixation with flexible connection, meeting the needs of photovoltaic power generation facilities installation and assembly in shallow water areas such as rivers and lakes.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A single-axis day-tracking platform, reference Figures 1 to 11 The platform consists of a fixed pile 100, a buoyancy box 200, a mounting bracket 300, a photovoltaic panel 400, a main steel cable restraint system 500, and a day-tracking drive system 600. The buoyancy box floats on the water surface and is rotatably connected to the fixed pile 100. The mounting bracket 300 is fixed to the buoyancy box and, driven by the day-tracking drive system 600, has a day-tracking function during the daytime, which improves power generation efficiency.

[0049] The aforementioned buoyancy box, mounting bracket, photovoltaic panel, and fixed pile correspond one-to-one to form unit modules, and under the control of the main steel cable restraint system 500 and the daily drive system 600, they form a whole. This allows for modular installation and maintenance while maintaining overall strength, achieving a unity between the whole and its parts.

[0050] The fixed pile 100 is made of steel piles or similar concrete piles and is securely fixed to the bottom of the reservoir by piling. The fixed pile is vertically installed, with its top at least 1.5 meters above the maximum water level. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fixed pile 100 is designed in three sections—upper, middle, and lower—depending on its location in the reservoir. The lower section is the piling and fixing section, located in the gravel layer at the bottom of the reservoir. Threaded piles are preferred for this section, allowing for rapid construction. The middle section is located in the water layer, at least completely covering the maximum water level. The upper section is located above the highest water level, with an elevation of at least 1.5 meters above the highest water level. A steel cable fixing point 101 is installed at the top of the fixed pile. This steel cable fixing point connects to the main steel cable restraint system 500, which connects multiple fixed piles arranged in a straight line to form a chain. The main steel cable restraint system 500 strings multiple fixed piles together into a whole, improving the overall wind pressure resistance.

[0051] Furthermore, the aforementioned main cable restraint system 500 is a unidirectional design.

[0052] The main cable restraint system 500 includes a steel cable 510 and anchoring foundations 520 at both ends. Preferably, the anchoring foundations are installed on the bank of a pond or reservoir, i.e., on land, forming a large-tonnage anchoring foundation, such as a reinforced concrete anchoring foundation. The two ends of the steel cable are anchored in the anchoring foundations, and after tensioning, the steel cable is in a taut state. The steel cable is adjacent to the steel cable fixing point 101, and clamps such as clamps are used to fix the steel cable to the steel cable fixing point to form an integrated structure. After the steel cable restraint system is restrained, the bottom and top of the fixed pile are fixed, which significantly improves the fixation reliability of the fixed pile. This is of positive significance for ensuring the quality of the project.

[0053] As described above, the fixed pile 100 is a concrete pile, which is prefabricated and then driven into place. The upper and middle sections of the fixed pile 100 are movably fitted with the buoyancy box, and a wear-resistant layer 102 is provided on the surface of the fixed pile in this fit. Specifically, the buoyancy box is preferably an injection-molded plastic box with sufficient strength and thickness, and has sufficient buoyancy to meet the installation requirements of the mounting bracket and photovoltaic panel.

[0054] Furthermore, the aforementioned buoyancy box 200 can also be a polyurethane foam buoyancy box. When it is made of polyurethane foam material, an anti-aging plastic layer or a carbon fiber layer is bonded to the outside to meet the requirements of long-term maintenance-free design.

[0055] The aforementioned buoyancy box 200 has a circular mounting hole at its center, and a bearing assembly, such as a ceramic bearing 201, is installed in the mounting hole.

[0056] Furthermore, the presence of the aforementioned ceramic bearing 201 enables the buoyancy box to float relative to the fixed pile at least in the vertical direction, and the ceramic bearing has corrosion-resistant properties, meeting the requirements for long-term operation in humid environments.

[0057] The bearing assembly uses a water-resistant ceramic bearing 201 or an engineering plastic bearing—nylon bearing. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the mounting hole of the buoyancy box 200, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixed at the top of the fixed pile. The inner ring can also be formed by coating the surface of the fixed pile with ceramic or nylon to form a wear-resistant layer, i.e., the bearing inner ring. The displacement of the buoyancy box in the height direction is achieved through the sliding cooperation between the ceramic bearing and the wear-resistant layer.

[0058] Furthermore, the wear-resistant layer 102 of the fixed pile 100 covers the transition area between the middle and upper sections, that is, the setting of the wear-resistant layer satisfies the vertical floating space requirements of the buoyancy box between the maximum water level line and the minimum water level line.

[0059] The aforementioned buoyancy box 200 has vertical floating space relative to the fixed pile to accommodate real-time water level changes in reservoirs and other similar locations. The buoyancy box vertically supports the weight of the mounting bracket and photovoltaic panel, using buoyancy for balance and constraint. In other words, this device utilizes the buoyancy of the buoyancy box to support the mounting bracket 300 and photovoltaic panel 400 above, so that the fixed pile no longer bears the weight of the photovoltaic panel, allowing the weight of the buoyancy box and the photovoltaic panel to act on the water surface. Compared to traditional fixed piles, this structure reduces the requirements for fixed pile foundation installation. The main function of the fixed pile in this technical approach is to provide guidance for the vertical floating of the buoyancy box and to provide a constraint point for its rotation.

[0060] The height of the aforementioned fixed pile above the water surface is much greater than the maximum water level of the lake or river, meaning that even at the maximum water level, the floating beam box will not detach from the fixed pile.

[0061] A limiting protrusion 103 is provided on the aforementioned fixed pile. The limiting protrusion 103 limits the maximum upward stroke position of the buoyancy box to prevent it from falling off.

[0062] Furthermore, the aforementioned main steel cable restraint system 500 consists of interwoven main steel cables, with end anchor piles or end anchor seats fixedly connected to both ends of the main steel cables. The aforementioned end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings, which are fixed on land or shallow waters outside the surface of rivers, lakes, and rivers. Compared with underwater concrete engineering construction, the construction convenience is improved, the cost is reduced, and sufficient anchoring force can be provided.

[0063] The main steel cable mentioned above can be a one-dimensional structure in one direction or a two-dimensional structure with interwoven longitudinal and transverse axes. It should be configured reasonably according to the site conditions. When it is a two-dimensional structure, the fixing piles should be of sufficient height to avoid the main steel cable.

[0064] The main steel cable connects the fixed piles in the river and lake to form a whole, resisting typhoons and other severe weather.

[0065] Furthermore, the buoyancy box 200 is preferably a flat cuboid, and the bearing mounting hole is located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box to ensure optimal floating performance.

[0066] Furthermore, the buoyancy box 200 can also be a flat, circular body, with the bearing mounting hole located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box to ensure optimal floating performance.

[0067] The above two outlines are intended to illustrate the buoyancy box 200, but this is not a limitation on the scope of implementation. In theory, any buoyancy box of any shape that can provide sufficient buoyancy and is easy to manufacture is within the scope of protection of this technology.

[0068] Furthermore, the aforementioned buoyancy box can be a hollow structure or a solid structure filled with foam material, as long as the buoyancy is sufficient for the installation of the photovoltaic panel, it is within the scope of protection of this technology.

[0069] Ideally, the bearing mounting holes should be located approximately at the geometric center of the buoyancy tank, but this is not a limiting factor, as the weight of the photovoltaic panels and other components must also be considered in the design.

[0070] Furthermore, the buoyancy box 200 is provided with bolt holes or steel hoop mounting holes 202, which are used to fix and connect it to the mounting bracket by bolts or binding. The bolt holes or steel hoop mounting holes 202 are built-in structures on the buoyancy box, that is, they are configured during the molding process of the buoyancy box, and their function is to raise the mounting points of the mounting bracket 300.

[0071] Mounting bracket 300 is a water-resistant stainless steel bracket, aluminum alloy bracket, or corrosion-resistant steel bracket, preferably a lightweight and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy frame. This mounting bracket is installed on the floating beam box by means of steel hoops or the like, and is fixed with fasteners to form an integral unit.

[0072] Further, refer to Figures 8 to 9Viewed vertically, the mounting bracket 300 has a right-angled triangular frame structure and a light weight. In three-dimensional space, the mounting bracket 300 includes a horizontal frame 301, an inclined frame 302, and a vertical member 303 connecting the horizontal and inclined frames. The horizontal frame is attached and fixed to the buoyancy box, while the inclined frame serves as the mounting frame for the photovoltaic panel. Fasteners secure the photovoltaic panel to the inclined frame, and the photovoltaic panel has a window that allows the fixing pile to pass through, preventing movement interference between the two and completing the fixation. This mounting bracket is a transitional mounting component for the photovoltaic panel, allowing the solar photovoltaic panel to be in an inclined state. In this inclined state, the photovoltaic panel 400 is in an optimal position, and the photovoltaic panel maintains a state of non-interference and non-collision with the fixing pile during movement.

[0073] The aforementioned mounting bracket 300 is welded or bolted to a rearwardly extending cantilever 304. A telescopic vertical rod 305 is slidably mounted on this cantilever. The telescopic vertical rod has adaptive capability in the height direction to meet the adjustment needs in this direction. For example, when the buoyancy tank rises or falls to a certain height, the telescopic vertical rod adaptively extends or shortens in the height direction. This telescopic vertical rod is connected to the day-to-day drive system, that is, the day-to-day drive system drives the mounting bracket to rotate around the fixed pile, and the rise or fall of the buoyancy tank does not interfere with or constrain the operation of the day-to-day drive system.

[0074] Furthermore, the aforementioned cantilever 304 can be a single rod or a frame structure composed of multiple rods, with the frame structure cantilever having higher strength.

[0075] The aforementioned telescopic vertical rod 305 can be a telescopic rod composed of conventional telescopic joints, or it can be a parallelogram structure 309 composed of multiple links. (See reference...) Figure 12 The characteristic of this structure is that it has self-adaptive and self-adjusting functions only in the height direction, which meets the requirements for the buoyancy box to float up and down.

[0076] The daily driving system 600 is arranged parallel to the main steel cable restraint system 500. This daily driving system includes a closed annular structure formed by intermittently connected chains 601 and steel cables 602. Each end of the structure consists of chains 601 and four sprockets 603, driven by a motor 604. The motor 604 and sprockets 603 are fixedly installed on the foundations on both sides of the shoreline. (Reference) Figure 9 and Figure 10 The aforementioned steel cable is securely connected to the mounting bracket, with the connection point marked as 605. Driven by the aforementioned motor, the mounting bracket and its fixed buoyancy box rotate relative to the fixed pile at a certain angle. That is, the angle is adjusted according to the sun's position throughout the day to complete the single-level tracking function.

[0077] Furthermore, the aforementioned motor 604 has forward and reverse rotation actions, and a limit switch is provided between the chain and the foundation to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor.

[0078] The photovoltaic panel is equipped with a solar tracking sensor, which receives the direction of sunlight and transmits this positional information to the control system. The control system then controls the aforementioned motor to rotate in the forward direction to achieve optimal power generation. When sunset occurs, the motor rotates in the reverse direction, returning to the position where the sun rises.

[0079] Furthermore, the inverter 401 and auxiliary devices such as the electrical control box are installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 400.

[0080] Furthermore, a counterweight 306 is installed on the aforementioned mounting bracket 300. The counterweight is adjusted as needed to ensure that the center of gravity of the buoyancy box, photovoltaic panel, and mounting bracket is as close as possible to the fixed pile, thereby ensuring the balance between buoyancy and gravity.

[0081] Furthermore, the main steel cable in the main steel cable restraint system 500 in this embodiment can also provide attachment points for photovoltaic power generation cables, that is, the cables can be extended along the main steel cable to the shore or lake shore, which is beneficial for the installation of power facilities.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] refer to Figure 12 This embodiment is an improvement on Embodiment 1, specifically targeting the mounting bracket. The vertical members between the horizontal and inclined frames are replaced with a manually adjustable jack structure. The front ends of the horizontal and inclined frames are connected by short hinged members 307, meaning the front ends are directly or indirectly hinged. The rear ends are adjustable via a manual jack 308, which consists of a parallelogram linkage mechanism and a double-ended screw. By manually cranking the double-ended screw, the shape of the parallelogram linkage mechanism can be controlled, thereby controlling the tilt angle of the inclined frame.

[0084] In theory, it only needs to be adjusted once a year, once a quarter. That is, it is not completely aligned with the sun's trajectory. Even so, it can still improve power generation efficiency.

[0085] By replacing the driving method of the bidirectional screw with a stepper motor and linking it with the sun-tracking sensor in the above embodiment, the purpose of dual-axis tracking can theoretically be achieved.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] A fixed photovoltaic power generation platform. (Reference) Figure 13The platform consists of fixed piles 100, buoyancy boxes 200, mounting brackets 300, photovoltaic panels 400, and a main steel cable restraint system 500. It no longer has a daily driving system. The buoyancy boxes float on the water surface, and each buoyancy box and photovoltaic panel has multiple mounting holes, such as two or three. That is, each buoyancy box and photovoltaic panel corresponds to two or three fixed piles, so that the floating beam only has floating space in the height direction and no longer operates daily. This solution is also within the protection scope of this invention.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] Based on Embodiment 1, a wind-resistant design was added. Specifically, the structure of the buoyancy tank 200 was improved by integrating a miniature water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve. The electromagnetic water inlet valve is located on the bottom plate of the buoyancy tank. When the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water enters the buoyancy tank, allowing it to partially or fully submerge. After submerging to a predetermined height, the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve. This partial or full submersion of the buoyancy tank increases the stability of the photovoltaic panels. This configuration is suitable for windy and wavey weather. After the wind and waves subside, the control system activates the miniature water pump to drain the water from the buoyancy tank, thus controlling the submersion depth of the buoyancy tank. This has a positive impact on the stability of the entire system.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] refer to Figure 14 This embodiment improves the installation method of the fixed pile because it is difficult to carry out pile driving construction in some particularly deep reservoirs, especially when driving concrete piles. In this embodiment, the fixed pile 100 is changed from a three-section design to a two-section design. The lower section is located in the water and at least completely covers the maximum water level line and is in a suspended state. The upper section is fixed to the main steel cable restraint system 500 and the fixed pile is suspended under the action of the main steel cable. With this structural design, the buoyancy box has room to move in the lower section of the fixed pile.

[0092] Furthermore, a limiting protrusion 103 is provided at the lower end of the fixed pile. The limiting protrusion 103 limits the lowest stroke position of the buoyancy box to prevent it from falling off.

[0093] Furthermore, the main steel cable restraint system (500) is a two-dimensional interwoven main steel cable, and the four ends of the main steel cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats. The end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings and are located at the slope protection or shallow water of the water conservancy project.

[0094] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements to the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on a water surface, comprising a fixed pile (100), a buoyancy box (200), a mounting bracket (300), a photovoltaic panel (400), a main steel cable restraint system (500), and a daily driving system (600), characterized in that: The fixed pile (100) is a steel or concrete pile driven and fixed to the bottom of a river or lake. The fixed pile (100) consists of three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The lower section is the pile-fixing section, located at the bottom of the reservoir of the water conservancy project. The middle section is located in the water and at least completely covers the maximum water level. An installation bracket is installed on the buoyancy box. The photovoltaic panel is fixed on the installation bracket in an inclined position. The photovoltaic panel has a window through which the upper section of the fixed pile can pass. The buoyancy box (200) is provided with an installation hole. A bearing assembly is installed in the installation hole and is movably connected to the fixed pile (100) through the bearing assembly. The fixed pile constrains the horizontal position of the photovoltaic panel. At least a wear-resistant layer (10) is provided on the surface of the middle section of the fixed pile (100). 2) The wear-resistant layer meets the requirements of the floating space between the maximum and minimum water level of the buoyancy box. The buoyancy box bears the weight of the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel. The buoyancy box (200) is equipped with a micro water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve. The electromagnetic water inlet valve is set on the bottom plate of the buoyancy box. When the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water enters the buoyancy box and the buoyancy box is partially or fully submerged. After submerging to a predetermined height, the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve to achieve partial or full submersion of the buoyancy box. When the buoyancy box needs to float, the control system turns on the micro water pump to pump the water out of the buoyancy box. The center of gravity of the buoyancy box, photovoltaic panel and mounting bracket is close to the fixed pile to ensure the balance between buoyancy and gravity. The fixed piles (100) are arranged in a row in the water body of the water conservancy project. The main steel cable restraint system (500) includes steel cables and anchor foundations at both ends. The anchor foundations are located on the bank of the water conservancy project, and the two ends of the steel cables are anchored in the anchor foundations and form a taut state after tensioning. The horizontal restraint at the top of the fixed piles is transmitted to the anchor foundations on the bank through the steel cables. The steel cables are fixedly connected to the top of the fixed piles. The main steel cable restraint system (500) connects multiple fixed piles into a whole. The mounting bracket (300) includes a horizontal frame, an inclined frame, and a manual jack. The front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are movably connected, and the rear ends are adjustable via the manual jack. The mounting bracket (300) has a cantilever extending rearward. A telescopic vertical rod or parallelogram structure is slidably mounted on the cantilever. The top of the telescopic vertical rod or parallelogram structure is connected to the sun-tracking drive system, which has adaptive and self-adjusting functions only in the height direction to meet the up-and-down floating requirements of the buoyancy box. A sun-tracking sensor is installed on the photovoltaic panel. The sun-tracking sensor receives the azimuth information of the sunlight and transmits the azimuth information to the control system. The control system controls the sun-tracking drive system (600) to achieve daytime sun-tracking of the photovoltaic panel, causing the mounting bracket and its fixed buoyancy box to rotate at a certain angle relative to the fixed pile. When the sunset time arrives, the sun-tracking drive system (600) returns and restores to the position of sunrise. The inverter and control box of the photovoltaic panel are installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel (400) and are electrically connected to the control cabinet on the bank of the water conservancy project via cable.

2. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the buoyancy box (200) is provided with an anti-aging plastic or carbon fiber coating.

3. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing assembly is a ceramic bearing or a nylon bearing, and the bearing assembly slides with the wear-resistant layer.

4. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting holes of the bearing assembly are located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box, the mounting bracket, and the photovoltaic panel.

5. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (300) includes a horizontal frame, an inclined frame, and vertical rods, wherein the horizontal frame is fixed to the buoyancy box, and the inclined frame is used to fix the photovoltaic panel.

6. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The daily driving system (600) includes a mounting column, a motor, sprockets, a chain, and a steel cable. The chain and steel cable form a closed annular structure with two sprockets at both ends. Four sprockets are mounted on the mounting column, and two mounting columns are located on the slope protection or shallow water of the water conservancy project. At least one sprocket is driven by the motor. A limit switch is set between the chain and the foundation. The limit switch controls the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. The steel cable is fastened to the mounting bracket. The motor drives the mounting bracket and its fixed photovoltaic panels daily through the chain and steel cable.

7. The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main steel cable restraint system (500) is a two-dimensional interwoven main steel cable, and the four ends of the main steel cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats. The end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings and are located on the slope protection or shallow water of the water conservancy project.

8. The application of a self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on a water surface in water conservancy projects, characterized in that, The self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on the water surface according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is applicable to rivers, ditches, lakes, and shallow waters.

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