Compound synergistic interaction feed based on rumex hanus biological fermentation and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed preparation, and discloses a compound synergistic interaction feed based on rumex hanus biological fermentation and application, the compound synergistic interaction feed comprises the following components by mass: 45-55 parts of rumex hanus raw material; 20-25 parts of corn flour; 10-15 parts of soybean meal powder; 5-8 parts of a Chinese herbal medicine component; 2-3 parts of a composite functional microbial agent; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating the raw materials; performing first-stage fermentation; performing second-stage fermentation; ending the fermentation; and performing low-temperature air-drying treatment. By using the special fermentation auxiliary agent and the Chinese herbal medicine components, the degradation of cellulose and other difficult-to-digest components in the feed can be accelerated, and more available nutritional components can be released. The digestion and absorption capacity of animals on the feed is improved, efficient utilization of nutrient substances is promoted, the functionality of the feed is effectively improved, and the conversion efficiency of the nutrient substances in the feed is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal feed preparation, and specifically provides a compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L. and its application. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global aquaculture industry, feed plays a crucial role in the animal production process. Feed not only directly affects the growth, reproduction, and health of animals, but also relates to the economic benefits and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. With the continuous progress of technology, modern feeds are gradually becoming diversified, especially the demand for functional feeds is increasing day by day.

[0003] The development of existing feeds often relies on conventional ingredient ratios, or uses fermentation technology and enzyme additives to enhance the nutritional value of feeds. Some fermentation processes have, to a certain extent, improved the degradation efficiency of cellulose in feeds, enabling animals to better absorb the nutrients therein. In addition, the addition of plant components and Chinese herbal medicines has also been applied in some feeds, especially for regulating the animal intestinal microecology, enhancing immunity, and improving digestion and absorption.

[0004] However, most existing traditional feeds still have problems such as low digestibility and incomplete cellulose conversion. Especially when dealing with high-fiber plant raw materials, it is difficult for animals to fully absorb the nutrients therein. Secondly, the use of fermentation additives and plant components is mostly for single-function applications, which limits their effects in improving feed functionality and promoting animal health. For example, although certain enzymes can promote the degradation of cellulose, the release of other nutrients has not been effectively optimized. Therefore, the present invention provides a compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L. and its application to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L. and its application, which solves the problems of low digestibility of existing feeds, low conversion efficiency of nutrient components, and unstable regulation of intestinal health.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L., comprising the following components in parts by mass:

[0007] 45–55 parts of Rumex patientia L. raw material;

[0008] 20–25 parts of corn flour;

[0009] 10–15 parts of soybean meal powder;

[0010] 5 - 8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine components;

[0011] 2 - 3 parts of compound functional microbial inoculum;

[0012] 0 - 1 part of fermentation aid.

[0013] 45 - 55 parts of Rumex patientia raw material: Rumex patientia itself is rich in high-quality plant protein, cellulose, and various trace elements, and is an ideal basic raw material for animal feed. Through the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia, its rich cellulose can be effectively decomposed, thereby improving the digestibility and absorption rate of the feed. In addition, the natural plant components contained in Rumex patientia can symbiose with microorganisms during the fermentation process, playing a certain synergistic effect. During the fermentation process of Rumex patientia raw material, through the cellulose degradation effect of microorganisms, low-molecular-weight soluble sugars and protein hydrolysis products are produced. These products can not only effectively improve the digestion and absorption of animals for feed.

[0014] 20 - 25 parts of corn flour and 10 - 15 parts of soybean meal powder: The use of corn flour and soybean meal powder in feed mainly provides carbohydrates and protein for animals. The mass ratio of corn flour and soybean meal powder is optimized to ensure the balance of nutritional components in the feed. Corn flour is rich in energy and can provide the heat required by animals; while soybean meal powder provides high-quality plant protein, which is a key nutrient necessary for animal growth. The combination of corn flour and soybean meal powder balances the energy source and nitrogen source of the feed through the complementary effect of providing carbohydrates and protein. During the biological fermentation process, these components can provide necessary nutritional support for microorganisms and promote the proliferation and metabolic activities of microorganisms.

[0015] 5 - 8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine components: The active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine, such as flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus and chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica, can effectively enhance immune function, antioxidation, and improve the intestinal health of animals. In this invention, Chinese herbal medicines with health care functions such as Astragalus membranaceus, Lonicera japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Isatis indigotica are specifically selected. Through the transformation during the fermentation process, the active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine components, such as polysaccharides and flavonoids, are released into the feed. These components can not only play roles such as enhancing immunity, resisting pathogens, and promoting digestion in animals, but also regulate the balance of the intestinal microbial community.

[0016] Compound functional microbial inoculant 2 - 3 parts: The compound microbial inoculant contains cellulose-degrading bacteria, Chinese herbal medicine component-metabolizing bacteria, protein-hydrolyzing bacteria, and aromatic active substance-producing bacteria. Through the synergistic action of different microorganisms, it can comprehensively degrade and transform the organic matter in the feed, greatly improving the digestibility and utilization rate of the feed. The cellulose-degrading bacteria can efficiently degrade the cellulose in Rumex patientia L., improving the digestibility of the feed. The protein-hydrolyzing bacteria can decompose the macromolecular proteins in the feed and convert them into small peptide molecules that are easily absorbed by animals. The Chinese herbal medicine component-metabolizing bacteria can convert the effective components in Chinese herbal medicine into biologically active substances during the fermentation process, and the aromatic active substance-producing bacteria generate aromatic substances.

[0017] Fermentation aid 0 - 1 part: Pectinase and β-glucanase can decompose the polysaccharide substances in the feed, promoting the degradation of complex carbohydrates in the feed and providing more carbon sources for the growth of microorganisms. By adding an appropriate amount of fermentation aid, the degradation of organic matter during the fermentation process can be further promoted, the activity of microorganisms is enhanced, and thus the digestibility and utilization rate of the final feed are improved. The fermentation aid can enhance the extraction efficiency of Chinese herbal medicine components, making their active components more fully transformed during the fermentation process.

[0018] Preferably, the Rumex patientia L. raw material is alfalfa or sweet sorghum, and the Chinese herbal medicine includes astragalus root, honeysuckle flower, scutellaria root, licorice root, and isatis root, with a weight ratio of 1 - 3:1 - 3:1 - 3:1 - 3:1 - 3.

[0019] Preferably, the compound functional microbial inoculant includes cellulose-degrading bacteria, Chinese herbal medicine component-metabolizing bacteria, protein-hydrolyzing bacteria, and aromatic active substance-producing bacteria, with a weight ratio of 3 - 4:2 - 3:2 - 3:1 - 2.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation aid is selected from pectinase, β-glucanase, and mineral carrier.

[0021] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of a compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L. is provided for preparing the above-mentioned compound synergistic feed based on the biological fermentation of Rumex patientia L., including the following steps:

[0022] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Crush Rumex patientia L. to a particle size of 10 - 20 mm, crush corn flour and soybean meal to 60 mesh, and crush Chinese herbal medicine to 80 mesh and then mix them.

[0023] S2. First-stage fermentation: Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55% - 60%, inoculate a combination of cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria with a total inoculation amount of 30% - 40%, control the fermentation temperature at 30°C - 35°C, the oxygen concentration at 8% - 12%, and ferment for 5 - 8 hours. The initial cellulose degradation rate reaches 15% - 20%.

[0024] S3. Second-stage fermentation: Supplement the pre-fermented materials with Chinese herbal medicine components and the remaining compound microbial agents, and continue to control the moisture content at 55%–60%, the fermentation temperature at 28°C–32°C, the oxygen concentration at 2%–4%, and the pH value at 5.5–6.5. Ferment for 36–48 hours, and the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides reaches 30%–40%, and the production rate of protein oligopeptides reaches 20%–25%.

[0025] S4. Fermentation termination: Terminate the fermentation when the lactic acid concentration reaches 4 g / 100 g–6 g / 100 g.

[0026] S5. Low-temperature air-drying treatment: Control the drying temperature at 45°C–55°C, and reduce the moisture content to ≤12% to finally obtain the compound synergistic feed.

[0027] For step S1, raw material pretreatment: Crush basic raw materials such as Portulaca oleracea L., corn flour, and soybean meal powder. Portulaca oleracea L. needs to be crushed to a particle size of 10–20 mm to ensure that the forage can be fully degraded by microorganisms during the fermentation process; corn flour and soybean meal powder need to be crushed to 60 mesh to ensure that they can be quickly and evenly mixed with other components and fully exert their nutritional effects; Chinese herbal medicines need to be crushed to 80 mesh to ensure that their active ingredients can be fully extracted and play a role during the fermentation process. Mix these treated raw materials in a predetermined ratio. Crushing the raw materials to an appropriate particle size helps to increase the surface area and promote the attachment and decomposition of fermentation strains. Different crushing particle sizes and mixing methods can ensure the uniformity of the raw materials, thereby improving the degradation efficiency and the release of active ingredients during the subsequent fermentation process.

[0028] For step S2, first-stage fermentation: In this stage, adjust the mixed raw materials to a moisture content of 55%–60% to provide suitable hydration for microorganisms and enhance the activity of microorganisms. Inoculate a combination of 30%–40% cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. These strains can promote the preliminary degradation of cellulose in Portulaca oleracea L. and the formation of an acidic environment, which is beneficial to inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and providing favorable conditions for the subsequent growth of microorganisms. Control the fermentation temperature at 30°C–35°C and the oxygen concentration at 8%–12%, and continue to ferment for 5–8 hours until the cellulose degradation rate reaches 15%–20%. In this stage, cellulose-degrading bacteria mainly decompose cellulose in Portulaca oleracea L. and convert it into low-molecular compounds, thereby improving the digestibility of the feed. Lactic acid bacteria generate lactic acid through fermentation, reduce the pH value, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, providing a more stable environment for the subsequent microbial population. By controlling the temperature and oxygen concentration, the metabolic activities of microorganisms can be optimized, and the degradation of cellulose can be accelerated.

[0029] For step S3, the second-stage fermentation: After the first-stage fermentation is completed, add the Chinese herbal medicine components and the remaining compound microbial agent to the fermentation material. Continue to control the moisture content at 55% - 60%, the fermentation temperature at 28°C - 32°C, the oxygen concentration at 2% - 4%, and the pH value at 5.5 - 6.5. In this stage, the fermentation time is controlled at 36 - 48 hours, with the focus on the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides and the generation of protein oligopeptides. The key to the second-stage fermentation is to metabolically transform the active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine, releasing bioactive substances such as polysaccharides and flavonoids, enhancing the health care effect of the feed. The microbial population converts the macromolecular proteins in the feed into oligopeptides through proteolysis, and these oligopeptides are more easily absorbed by animals, thereby improving the nutritional value of the feed. In a low-oxygen environment, the activity of certain anaerobic microorganisms is enhanced, further promoting the metabolic processes of polysaccharides and proteins.

[0030] For step S4, fermentation termination: The fermentation process is judged whether to end by monitoring the lactic acid concentration. When the lactic acid concentration reaches 4g / 100g - 6g / 100g, the fermentation process can be terminated. At this time, the fermentation is completed, and the products of the Chinese herbal medicine components and protein hydrolysis have reached the expected level. The lactic acid concentration is an important fermentation index. An excessively high lactic acid concentration indicates that the fermentation process has been fully carried out and the metabolic activities of the microorganisms have reached the optimal state. When terminating the fermentation, it can ensure the quality and stability of the feed, while avoiding nutrient loss and the accumulation of harmful substances caused by over-fermentation.

[0031] For step S5, low-temperature air drying treatment: After the fermentation is completed, the material is subjected to low-temperature air drying treatment. Control the drying temperature between 45°C - 55°C to reduce the moisture of the material to ≤12%. This process uses hot air circulation drying technology. By ensuring appropriate drying temperature and humidity, the integrity of the nutrient components in the feed is maintained, while avoiding the destruction of the active ingredients of the microorganisms by excessive temperature. The main purpose of the low-temperature air drying treatment is to remove the excess moisture in the fermented material to improve the preservation of the feed. By controlling the temperature, the degradation or loss of the active ingredients in the feed can be maximally avoided. Appropriate drying technology helps to maintain the flavor and nutrition of the feed, making the final compound synergistic feed more suitable for long-term storage and use.

[0032] Preferably, the inoculation ratio of the combination of the cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 2 - 3:1 by weight.

[0033] Preferably, the proportion of the aromatic active substance-producing bacteria is controlled within 10% of the total inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent. During the fermentation process, the dynamic changes of the microbial population are monitored every 12 hours and adjusted in a timely manner.

[0034] Preferably, during the fermentation process, the release amount of volatile organic compounds in the material is continuously monitored, and when the release amount of volatile organic compounds is lower than 0.3 g / 100 g, it is determined that the fermentation is completed and the fermentation is terminated.

[0035] Preferably, the low-temperature air-drying treatment adopts a hot air circulation drying method, and the thickness of the material is controlled at 2 - 5 cm during the drying process.

[0036] According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of a compound synergistic feed based on the bio-fermentation of Rumex patientia L. prepared by the above preparation method in improving feed conversion rate and enhancing intestinal health.

[0037] The present invention provides a compound synergistic feed based on the bio-fermentation of Rumex patientia L. and its application. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. By using a special fermentation aid (β-glucanase) and Chinese herbal medicine components, the present invention can accelerate the degradation of cellulose and other difficult-to-digest components in the feed, releasing more available nutrients. This not only improves the digestion and absorption ability of animals for the feed, but also promotes the efficient utilization of nutrients, effectively enhancing the functionality of the feed and improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients in the feed.

[0039] 2. The Chinese herbal medicine components in the present invention play an important regulatory role during the fermentation process, helping to maintain intestinal health, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria), and inhibiting the reproduction of harmful bacteria at the same time. The improvement of this microbial balance further enhances the immunity and disease resistance of animals and improves their overall health level.

[0040] 3. Through reasonable process design and ingredient combination, the present invention reduces the cost in the feed production process. On the premise of ensuring animal health and feed functionality, the formula and fermentation process of the present invention optimize the production process, improve the feed production efficiency, thereby reducing the production cost of the feed, and providing a feed solution with higher economic benefits for the aquaculture industry.

[0041] 4. By adjusting the proportions of various components in the feed and the fermentation process, the present invention can be flexibly adjusted according to different aquaculture requirements and feed types, so as to meet the growth needs of various animals. Especially in improving the yields of meat, milk and eggs, it shows good application potential and has significant environmental adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] Next, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 :

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] Raw material ratio (by mass parts):

[0047] 50 parts of Portulaca oleracea L. raw material;

[0048] 22 parts of corn flour;

[0049] 12 parts of soybean meal powder;

[0050] 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine components;

[0051] 2.5 parts of compound functional microbial inoculum;

[0052] 0.5 part of fermentation aid.

[0053] Preparation method:

[0054] Raw material pretreatment: Take alfalfa as the Portulaca oleracea L. raw material and crush it to a particle size of about 15 mm; crush corn flour and soybean meal powder to 60 mesh respectively, select Chinese herbal medicine components (Astragalus membranaceus, Lonicera japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Isatis tinctoria, by weight ratio 2:2:2:2:2) and crush them to 80 mesh and then mix;

[0055] First-stage fermentation: Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 57%, inoculate a combination of cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria with a total inoculation amount of 35% (inoculation ratio 2.5:1). Control the fermentation temperature at 32 °C, the oxygen concentration at 10%, and ferment for 6 hours to make the initial cellulose degradation rate reach about 18%;

[0056] Second-stage fermentation: Supplement the remaining Chinese herbal medicine components and the remaining compound functional microbial inoculum, keep the moisture content at 57%, the fermentation temperature at 30 °C, the oxygen concentration at 3%, and the pH value at 5.8. Continue to ferment for 42 hours, monitor the microbial dynamics every 12 hours during this period, and through the synergistic effect of the fermentation aid, when the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides reaches 35% and the generation rate of protein oligopeptides reaches 23%, proceed to the next step;

[0057] Fermentation termination: When the lactic acid concentration is monitored to reach 5 g / 100 g, terminate the fermentation;

[0058] Low-temperature air-drying treatment: Use hot air circulation drying, with a drying temperature of 50°C, the material paving thickness of 3 cm, and dry until the moisture content ≤ 12%, and finally obtain the finished feed.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] Raw material ratio (by mass parts):

[0061] 45 parts of Portulaca oleracea L. raw material;

[0062] 20 parts of corn flour;

[0063] 10 parts of soybean meal powder;

[0064] 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine components;

[0065] 2 parts of compound functional microbial inoculum;

[0066] 0.2 part of fermentation aid.

[0067] Preparation method:

[0068] Raw material pretreatment: Use sweet sorghum as the Portulaca oleracea L. raw material, and crush it to a particle size of 20 mm; crush corn flour and soybean meal powder to 60 mesh respectively, select Chinese herbal medicine components (Astragalus membranaceus, Lonicera japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Isatis indigotica, by weight ratio 1:1:1:1:1) and crush them to 80 mesh and then mix;

[0069] First-stage fermentation: Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%, and inoculate a combination of cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria with a total inoculation amount of 30% (inoculation ratio 2:1). Control the fermentation temperature at 30°C, the oxygen concentration at 8%, and ferment for 5 hours to make the initial cellulose degradation rate reach about 15%;

[0070] Second-stage fermentation: Supplement the remaining Chinese herbal medicine components and the remaining compound functional microbial inoculum, keep the moisture content at 55%, the fermentation temperature at 28°C, the oxygen concentration at 2%, and the pH value at 5.5. Continue to ferment for 36 hours, monitor the microbial dynamics every 12 hours during this period, and through the synergistic effect of the fermentation aid, when the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides reaches 30% and the generation rate of protein small peptides reaches 20%, proceed to the next step;

[0071] Fermentation termination: When the lactic acid concentration is monitored to reach 4 g / 100 g, terminate the fermentation;

[0072] Low-temperature air-drying treatment: Use hot air circulation drying, with a drying temperature of 45°C, the material paving thickness of 2 cm, and dry until the moisture content ≤ 12%, and finally obtain the finished feed.

[0073] Example 3:

[0074] Raw material ratio (by mass parts):

[0075] 55 parts of Portulaca oleracea L. raw material;

[0076] 25 parts corn flour;

[0077] 15 parts soybean meal;

[0078] 8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine ingredients;

[0079] 3 parts of composite functional microbial agent;

[0080] 1 part of fermentation aid.

[0081] Preparation method:

[0082] Raw material pretreatment: alfalfa was used as the edible grass raw material and crushed to a particle size of 10 mm; corn flour and soybean meal were crushed to 60 meshes respectively, and the selected Chinese herbal medicine components (astragalus, honeysuckle, scutellaria, licorice, and isatis root, according to the weight ratio of 3:3:3:3:3) were crushed to 80 meshes and then mixed;

[0083] First stage fermentation: adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, inoculate 40% of the total amount of cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (inoculation ratio 3:1). Control the fermentation temperature at 35°C, oxygen concentration at 12%, and ferment for 8 hours, so that the initial cellulose degradation rate reaches about 20%;

[0084] The second stage of fermentation: add the remaining Chinese herbal medicine components and the remaining composite functional microbial agents, maintain the moisture content at 60%, the fermentation temperature at 32°C, the oxygen concentration at 4%, and the pH at 6.5. Continue fermentation for 48 hours, monitor the microbial dynamics every 12 hours, and proceed to the next step when the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides reaches 40% and the protein peptide generation rate reaches 25% through the synergistic effect of fermentation aids;

[0085] Fermentation termination: When the lactic acid concentration reaches 6g / 100g, the fermentation is terminated;

[0086] Low-temperature air drying: hot air circulation drying is used, the drying temperature is 55°C, the material spreading thickness is 5cm, and it is dried to a moisture content of ≤12% to finally produce the finished feed.

[0087] Comparative Example 1:

[0088] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the addition of Chinese herbal medicine components is cancelled, and the rest are the same.

[0089] Comparative Example 2:

[0090] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the Chinese herbal medicine component metabolizing bacteria are omitted in the composite functional microbial agent, and the rest are the same.

[0091] Comparative Example 3:

[0092] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the dosage of the Portulaca oleracea L. raw material is reduced to 40 parts, and the rest are the same.

[0093] Comparative Example 4:

[0094] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no fermentation aid is added in the first-stage fermentation, and the rest are the same.

[0095] Comparative Example 5:

[0096] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the first stage and the second stage are continuously fermented without distinguishing the segmented fermentation steps, and directly fermented for 48 hours at one time, and the rest are the same.

[0097] Comparative Example 6:

[0098] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the lactic acid concentration control point is not monitored at the end of fermentation, but terminated according to a fixed time, and the rest are the same.

[0099] Experiment 1:

[0100] Experimental purpose: To evaluate the effects on the cellulose conversion rate of raw materials and nutritional components during fermentation. By measuring the cellulose degradation rate and the conversion of nutritional components such as proteins and sugars in each group, understand the effects of fermentation aids and Chinese herbal medicine components on the conversion efficiency.

[0101] Experimental steps:

[0102] Raw material preparation: The Portulaca oleracea L., corn flour, soybean meal powder and Chinese herbal medicine components (the Chinese herbal medicine components are cancelled in Comparative Example 1) of the same source are used in each group of experiments. The mixture ratio is prepared according to the formulas of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4.

[0103] Fermentation process: In the mixture of each group, different fermentation aids are added according to the requirements of each group (fermentation aid is added in Example 1, and no fermentation aid is added in Comparative Example 4). Adjust the mixture to an appropriate moisture content (such as 57% in Example 1), and use an incubator to control the temperature and oxygen concentration:

[0104] Example 1: 32 °C in the first stage, oxygen concentration 10%, 30 °C in the second stage, oxygen concentration 3%;

[0105] Comparative Example 1: Remove the Chinese herbal medicine components, and other parameters are the same as those in Example 1;

[0106] Comparative Example 4: Remove the fermentation aid, and other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0107] Fermentation monitoring: Regularly sample (every 6 hours) to monitor changes in pH value, temperature and lactic acid concentration, etc. At the end of fermentation, record the lactic acid concentration (terminate fermentation with 5 g / 100 g as the standard).

[0108] Nutrient component test: After fermentation was completed, samples of each group were collected for the following analysis:

[0109] Cellulose conversion rate: The change in cellulose content in the samples of each group was determined by chemical analysis method;

[0110] Protein and sugar content: The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the sugar content was determined by the evaporation method;

[0111] Mineral content: The change in mineral elements was detected by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS).

[0112] Data recording: Samples of each group were collected at different time points, and the cellulose conversion rate, the contents of protein, sugar and mineral were recorded.

[0113] Statistical analysis: Statistical software was used to analyze the differences between different groups, and a sample T-test was conducted to determine the significance between groups (the experimental results are shown in Table 1).

[0114] Table 1: Changes in cellulose conversion rate, protein, sugar and mineral in different groups during fermentation

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] It can be seen from Table 1 that:

[0118] In this experiment, by comparing the fermentation effects and nutrient conversion rates of different groups (Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 4), the key roles of Chinese herbal medicine components, fermentation aids and fermentation processes in promoting cellulose degradation and nutrient component conversion were further verified. In Example 1, the addition of the fermentation aid β-glucanase significantly increased the cellulose conversion rate, showing good degradation effect. β-glucanase promoted the release of cellulose decomposition products by hydrolyzing the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose, resulting in a substantial increase in the contents of available sugars and proteins. In addition, the introduction of Chinese herbal medicine components further enhanced the regulation of microbial metabolism during fermentation, especially played an important role in improving the growth and antioxidant capacity of probiotics in the intestine, and promoted the absorption and utilization of nutrient components in feed by animals.

[0119] In contrast, Comparative Example 1 (removing the Chinese herbal medicine components) showed a lower conversion rate, especially the conversion rates of carbohydrates and proteins were significantly reduced. The removal of the Chinese herbal medicine components affected the metabolic pathways of microorganisms during the fermentation process. Especially after the synergistic effect of promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal flora was reduced, the overall nutrient release effect decreased significantly. This result further confirmed the role of the Chinese herbal medicine components in optimizing the fermentation microbial community structure and improving the fermentation effect, indicating its irreplaceable function in enhancing the nutritional value of feed and animal health.

[0120] The test results of Comparative Example 4 further confirmed the key role of the fermentation aid in optimizing the cellulose degradation and nutrient conversion process. After removing β-glucanase, the cellulose conversion rate was significantly lower than that of Example 1, which indicated that without the help of β-glucanase, the cellulose degradation rate was significantly inhibited. β-glucanase can effectively promote the destruction of the cellulose structure, release more available substances, and thus improve the conversion rate of nutrients. Therefore, the application of the fermentation aid in the present invention not only improves the cellulose degradation efficiency, but also plays an important role in promoting the overall nutrient conversion and animal growth.

[0121] Experiment 2:

[0122] Experiment purpose: To evaluate the functionality of different feeds and their effects on the intestinal microbial ecology of animals. Focus on analyzing the promoting effects of different components in the feed on intestinal health, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and digestion and absorption.

[0123] Experiment steps:

[0124] Selection of experimental animals: Select healthy experimental mice and divide them into 3 groups: Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group, and Comparative Example 5 group, with 10 mice in each group. The animals were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the experiment, maintaining normal temperature and a light cycle of 12 hours / 12 hours.

[0125] Feeding of feed: Each group of animals was fed the same amount of feed according to their body weight every day, and the feeds were from Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 5 respectively. The experimental period was 21 days, and no additional drugs or health products were added during the feeding process.

[0126] Sampling and measurement: Sampling and measuring the following data were carried out every 7 days (the 7th day, the 14th day, and the 21st day):

[0127] Intestinal microbiota: Extract DNA from fecal samples and perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the ratio changes of probiotics (such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella);

[0128] Immune function: Collect blood samples to measure immune-related indicators, such as white blood cell count, serum antibody level, etc.;

[0129] Antioxidant capacity: The effect of the feed on antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase SOD and catalase CAT) in serum;

[0130] Digestion and absorption: Monitor the weight changes of animals and measure the digestibility, food conversion rate, etc. of each group of animals.

[0131] Experimental observation: Record the weight gain and food intake of each group of mice during the experiment. Regularly record the health status of animals and observe whether there are adverse reactions such as diarrhea and indigestion.

[0132] Data recording and analysis: Record the changes in the intestinal microbial community, immune indexes, and antioxidant capacity data. Statistically analyze the experimental results and use the sample T-test for comparison between groups (the experimental results are shown in Table 2).

[0133] Table 2: Experimental data on the effects of feeds of different groups on animal intestinal health and functionality

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] It can be seen from Table 2 that:

[0137] In this experiment, through the comparative tests on the functionality of feeds of different groups (Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 5) and animal intestinal health, the important roles of Chinese herbal medicine components and fermentation aids in promoting the intestinal microbial ecosystem, immune system, and antioxidant capacity can be clearly observed. The feed of Example 1 was added with Chinese herbal medicine components and the fermentation aid β-glucanase. These components not only promoted the growth of probiotics in the intestine but also effectively inhibited the reproduction of harmful bacteria by regulating the microbial community structure during the fermentation process, thus maintaining the healthy balance of the intestine. The natural bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine provided a favorable growth environment for microorganisms, while β-glucanase improved the digestion and utilization efficiency of raw materials by enhancing the cellulose decomposition rate.

[0138] In contrast, in the Comparative Example 2 group, after removing the Chinese herbal medicine components, the growth of probiotics in the intestine and the inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria were significantly weakened, indicating that the Chinese herbal medicine components played a key role in regulating the intestinal microbial community. The natural plant chemical components of Chinese herbal medicine, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, can regulate the intestinal environment and promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms, thus improving intestinal function. In addition, the Comparative Example 5 group that removed the fermentation aid β-glucanase showed lower digestibility and immune levels, further indicating the important influence of β-glucanase on the degradation of cellulose and the release of nutrients.

[0139] Overall, the fermentation aids and Chinese herbal medicine components used in Example 1 complement each other during the fermentation process, enhancing the functionality and nutritional conversion rate of the feed. β-glucanase accelerates the degradation of cellulose, increasing the content of available sugars and proteins in the feed, thus promoting the healthy growth of animals. The Chinese herbal medicine components not only help improve the digestion and absorption rate of the feed but also enhance the immune function and antioxidant capacity of animals through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other biological activities. These results indicate that the fermentation process and formula of the present invention can significantly improve the overall efficiency of the feed, and improve the growth performance and intestinal health of animals.

[0140] Experiment 3:

[0141] Purpose of the experiment: To evaluate the digestibility, food conversion rate and economic benefits of different feeds. By measuring the digestibility, body weight changes of animals and production costs, analyze the effects of feeds in different groups on animal weight gain and production benefits.

[0142] Experimental procedures:

[0143] Selection of experimental animals: Select healthy experimental mice, with 10 mice in each group, divided into three groups: Example 1 group, Comparative Example 3 group, and Comparative Example 6 group. All mice were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the experiment, maintaining normal temperature and a 12-hour / 12-hour light cycle.

[0144] Feeding: Each group of mice was fed the same amount of feed, and the feed sources were Example 1, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 6 respectively. The experimental period was 28 days, and the components and additives in the feed were as described above during this period.

[0145] Determination of digestibility: Record the food intake and fecal output of mice every 7 days, and measure the digestibility at the end of each sampling period. The calculation formula for digestibility is:

[0146]

[0147] Monitor the changes in the body weight of animals and record the weight gain of each mouse.

[0148] Economic benefit analysis: At the end of the experiment, calculate the production cost of each group of feed (including raw materials, process costs, etc.) and the weight gain of each mouse. Combine the weight gain and production cost to calculate the cost per unit weight gain, and evaluate the economic benefits of feeds in different groups.

[0149] Statistical analysis: Conduct statistical analysis on the experimental data, and use the sample T-test for comparison of inter-group differences. The results focus on analyzing the relationship between the digestibility of the feed, weight gain and economic benefits (the experimental results are shown in Table 3).

[0150] Table 3: Effects of Feeds of Different Groups on Animal Digestibility, Weight Gain and Economic Benefits

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] As can be seen from Table 3:

[0154] In this experiment, by comparing the digestibility, weight gain and economic benefits of feeds in different groups (Example 1, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 6), we can deeply understand the significant impact of the fermentation aid and Chinese herbal medicine components on the conversion effect of animal feeds in the present invention. In Example 1, by adding a fermentation aid (such as β-glucanase) and Chinese herbal medicine components, the digestibility of the feed was significantly improved. Especially in the process of converting high-fiber foods, β-glucanase can effectively break down the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in plant fibers, releasing absorbable sugars and proteins, thereby improving the digestion efficiency and nutrient absorption rate of animals. The introduction of Chinese herbal medicine components not only provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but also further enhances the digestibility and conversion rate of nutrients by promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine.

[0155] In contrast, in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 6 groups, due to the lack or reduction of certain key components, their digestibility and weight gain both decreased. After removing the Chinese herbal medicine components in Comparative Example 3, the regulatory effects on intestinal health and the immune system weakened, resulting in the digestibility not reaching the level of Example 1. Chinese herbal medicine components not only optimize the intestinal microbial environment through their natural bioactive components, but also help improve the intestinal barrier function and enhance the animal's ability to absorb nutrients in the feed. In Comparative Example 6, the fermentation aid was removed, which directly led to a decrease in the cellulose conversion rate. β-Glucanase is crucial for cellulose degradation. Its absence makes it difficult to effectively convert the high-fiber components in the feed, thereby affecting animal growth and nutrient absorption.

[0156] Generally speaking, the innovative fermentation process and formula in Example 1 optimized the conversion efficiency of the feed and enhanced the functionality of the feed. As an important enzyme, β-glucanase played a role in accelerating cellulose degradation during the fermentation process, enabling animals to more effectively utilize the nutrients in the feed. The Chinese herbal medicine components, through their regulatory effects on the intestinal microbial community, improved intestinal health and enhanced the function of the immune system, further increasing the digestibility of the feed and the health benefits of animals. These experimental results further prove that the innovative formula and process of the present invention can improve the feed conversion efficiency and animal growth performance while optimizing production costs and enhancing economic benefits.

[0157] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compound synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation, characterized in that: The composition includes the following components in parts by weight: 45–55 parts of foliage raw materials; 20–25 parts corn flour; 10–15 parts soybean meal; 5–8 parts of Chinese herbal medicine ingredients; 2-3 parts of composite functional microbial agents; Fermentation aid 0–1 part.

2. The composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edible grass raw material is alfalfa or sweet sorghum, and the Chinese herbal medicines include astragalus, honeysuckle, scutellaria, liquorice and isatis root, with a weight ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3.

3. The composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite functional microbial agent comprises cellulose degrading bacteria, Chinese herbal medicine component metabolizing bacteria, protein hydrolyzing bacteria and aromatic active substance generating bacteria, in a weight ratio of 3-4:2-3:2-3:1-2.

4. The composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation aid is selected from pectinase, β-glucanase and mineral carrier.

5. A method for preparing a compound synergistic feed based on foliage-eating grass biological fermentation, which is used to prepare a compound synergistic feed based on foliage-eating grass biological fermentation according to claims 1-4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Raw material pretreatment: crush the edible grass into a particle size of 10-20 mm, crush the corn flour and soybean meal into 60 mesh, and crush the Chinese herbal medicine into 80 mesh before mixing; S2, the first stage of fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 55%-60%, 30%-40% of the total amount of cellulose-degrading bacteria and lactic acid bacteria are inoculated, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30℃-35℃, the oxygen concentration is 8%-12%, and the fermentation is carried out for 5-8 hours, and the initial cellulose degradation rate reaches 15%-20%; S3, second stage fermentation, add Chinese herbal medicine components and remaining compound bacteria to the pre-fermented materials, continue to control the moisture content at 55%-60%, fermentation temperature at 28℃-32℃, oxygen concentration at 2%-4%, pH value at 5.5-6.5, ferment for 36-48 hours, the conversion rate of Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides reaches 30%-40%, and the protein peptide generation rate reaches 20%-25%; S4, fermentation is terminated when the lactic acid concentration reaches 4g / 100g-6g / 100g; S5. Low-temperature air drying treatment, the drying temperature is controlled at 45℃-55℃, the moisture content is reduced to ≤12%, and the final compound synergistic feed is obtained.

6. The method for preparing a composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inoculation ratio of the cellulose degrading bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria combination is 2-3:1 by weight.

7. The method for preparing a composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The proportion of the aromatic active substance generating bacteria is controlled within 10% of the total inoculation amount of the composite bacterial agent. During the fermentation process, the dynamic changes of the microbial population are monitored every 12 hours and adjusted in time.

8. The method for preparing a composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, the volatile organic matter release of the material is continuously monitored, and when the volatile organic matter release is lower than 0.3g / 100g, the fermentation is determined to be complete and the fermentation is terminated.

9. The method for preparing a composite synergistic feed based on leaf-eating grass biological fermentation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The low-temperature air drying process adopts a hot air circulation drying method, and the material thickness is controlled at 2-5 cm during the drying process.

10. Use of a compound synergistic feed based on foliage grass biofermentation as claimed in claims 1 to 4 in improving feed conversion rate and enhancing intestinal health.

Images