Hermetia illucens breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, preparation method and hermetia illucens breeding and fecula treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hermetia illucens breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks. The hermetia illucens breeding feed comprises mushroom stick residues and eutrophic balls which are uniformly dispersed, 0.2-2% by mass of a compound microbial agent is uniformly added into the mushroom stick residues; the compound microbial agent is prepared from 25 to 35 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 to 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 13 to 17 parts of actinomycetes, 13 to 17 parts of saccharomycetes, 8 to 12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 8 to 12 parts of bacillus aceticus; the eutrophic ball comprises a ball core and a ball shell, the ball core comprises mushroom stick powder, bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis, a microelement additive, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose which are uniformly mixed, and the ball shell comprises starch and brown sugar which are uniformly mixed. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the hermetia illucens culture based on the waste mushroom sticks, a hermetia illucens culture method and a fecula treatment method. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on the waste mushroom sticks is high in biotransformation rate; the closed-loop ecological cycle of the mushroom stick residues, the insect protein and the organic fertilizer is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of black soldier fly breeding, and particularly relates to a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, a preparation method thereof, a black soldier fly breeding method, and a method for treating insect feces. Background Art

[0002] The black soldier fly is a saprophagous insect of the family Stratiomyidae, which can feed on livestock and poultry manure and domestic waste. Its larvae are rich in protein and fat, making them an ideal choice for animal feed. However, the black soldier fly has relatively low degradation ability for lignocellulosic substances. Therefore, when the black soldier fly converts feeds containing high lignocellulose components, problems such as low conversion efficiency and poor nutritional components of the insect body are faced.

[0003] With the large-scale development of the edible mushroom industry, a large amount of waste mushroom sticks has been generated. At present, the utilization rate of waste mushroom sticks is extremely low. Except for a small part being applied to soil fertilizers and seedling substrates, most of them are directly discarded or incinerated. On the one hand, the miscellaneous bacteria in the waste mushroom sticks will enter the soil and water bodies, and incineration will produce a large amount of soot, polluting the surrounding environment; on the other hand, the waste mushroom sticks are also rich in nutrients, and incineration causes a large waste of biological energy. However, the main component of waste mushroom sticks is lignocellulose, and using them to breed black soldier flies also faces problems such as low biological conversion rate and poor nutritional components of the insect body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks and a breeding method, which have a high biological conversion rate and make full use of biological energy.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks includes mushroom stick residues and nutrient-rich balls, and the nutrient-rich balls are evenly dispersed in the mushroom stick residues; a compound microbial inoculum is evenly added to the mushroom stick residues, and the addition amount of the compound microbial inoculum is 0.2-2% of the mass of the mushroom stick residues. The compound microbial inoculum contains the following volume fractions of strains: 25-35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 13-17 parts of actinomycetes, 13-17 parts of yeasts, 8-12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 8-12 parts of acetic acid bacteria; the nutrient-rich balls include a ball core and a ball shell wrapped around the outer periphery of the ball core. The ball core includes uniformly mixed mushroom stick powder, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the ball shell includes uniformly mixed starch and brown sugar.

[0007] The black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks according to the present invention has nutrient-rich balls evenly dispersed in the mushroom stick residue. The pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose in the core of the nutrient-rich ball bond the evenly mixed mushroom stick powder, trace element additive, Acetobacter and Bacillus subtilis together, and the core is wrapped with starch and brown sugar on the outer periphery to form a relatively independent microenvironment for the nutrient-rich ball. Before inoculating the black soldier fly, the above feed is subjected to solid-state fermentation. During fermentation, in this relatively independent microenvironment, the powdery mushroom stick powder in the core has a small particle size and a large surface area, and is more easily decomposed by the cellulase and protease secreted by Bacillus subtilis to form a nutrient-rich center; at the same time, the acetic acid produced by Acetobacter decomposing the pregelatinized starch further promotes Bacillus subtilis to secrete cellulase, thereby accelerating the decomposition of lignocellulose and increasing the concentration of polysaccharides and proteins in the nutrient-rich ball. In addition, the acetic acid produced by fermentation keeps the microenvironment of the nutrient-rich ball with a relatively high acidity, which is beneficial to keeping the metal trace elements in the trace element additive in an ion state that is easily absorbed without solidifying and caking; the fermentation of starch and brown sugar in the ball shell further increases the content of substances such as sugars in the nutrient-rich ball; at the same time, the starch in the ball shell has a certain protective effect on the core and the fermentation products of the core, slowing down the excessive or rapid outward diffusion of trace elements and other nutrients therein, and avoiding the oxidation of the diffused trace metal elements outside the core and becoming difficult to absorb and lose. After fermentation, the nutrient-rich balls in the black soldier fly breeding feed form evenly distributed dot-shaped nutrient enrichment centers, where sugars, proteins and trace elements are relatively abundant, and due to the presence of starch, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose, it has high water retention and keeps the feed at an appropriate humidity; while the position without nutrient-rich balls provides sufficient oxygen for the growth of black soldier fly larvae due to the natural air permeability of the mushroom stick residue. The compound microbial agent in the mushroom stick residue is a multi-strain microbial agent. Among them, Bacillus subtilis secretes cellulase to decompose the lignocellulose of the mushroom stick residue. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter jointly produce acid, which can quickly inhibit pathogenic bacteria and stabilize the fermentation environment, thus being more conducive to the growth of photosynthetic bacteria; photosynthetic bacteria use light energy to achieve biological conversion, and the synthesized thallus is rich in nutrients such as amino acids, folic acid, B vitamins, coenzyme Q, etc., which can promote the digestion and absorption of the feed by black soldier flies. The synergistic effect of Lactobacillus, Acetobacter and photosynthetic bacteria improves the utilization rate of the mushroom stick residue, can significantly improve the growth rate of black soldier flies and increase the content of meat protein. At the same time, since a good environment rich in nutrients, rich in oxygen and water-retaining and moistening required for the growth of black soldier fly larvae is formed in the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks of the present invention, it is beneficial to the rapid growth of black soldier fly larvae and a high biological conversion rate is obtained.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the mushroom stick residue is 0.3 - 1.0 cm, the particle size of the mushroom stick powder is less than 0.2 mm, the diameter of the core is 0.3 - 0.5 cm, the thickness of the ball shell is 0.2 - 0.3 cm, and the diameter of the nutrient-rich ball is not more than 1.2 mm.

[0009] The spent mushroom sticks with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 cm can form a matrix that is breathable and water - retaining, which is beneficial to fermentation and the growth of black soldier flies. The finer spent mushroom stick powder is made into nuclei, which is more conducive to the full contact of the spent mushroom stick powder particles with Acetobacter and Bacillus subtilis, and can be quickly fermented and decomposed in the micro - environment of the nuclei, and a nutrient - rich center that is beneficial for black soldier flies to feed on can be formed as soon as possible. The spherical shell with a thickness of 0.2 - 0.3 cm can moderately prevent the leakage of acetic acid and trace elements inside the spherical shell during the fermentation process, forming a nutrient - slow - release effect, and at the same time facilitating the maintenance of the air permeability of the feed at the non - nutrient - rich ball position.

[0010] Preferably, the following substances are incorporated into the spent mushroom sticks based on the mass of the spent mushroom sticks: 2 - 5% soybean meal, 2 - 5% wheat bran, and 1 - 5% corn flour. After fermentation, the soybean meal provides nitrogen sources such as proteins and amino acids required by black soldier flies; the wheat bran and corn flour supplement the carbon and nitrogen sources.

[0011] Preferably, the spent mushroom stick powder, Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pre - gelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose in the nuclei are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:0.3 - 0.5:0.3 - 0.5:0.01 - 0.02:3 - 5:3 - 6 and then adhesively bonded with water; the mass content of brown sugar in the spherical shell is 0.5 - 1.0%, and the balance is starch.

[0012] Preferably, the volume ratio of the spent mushroom sticks to the nutrient - rich balls is 3 - 10:1. Configuring the nutrient - rich balls in this ratio can balance the water - retaining property and air permeability of the feed, which is beneficial to the reproduction of various microorganisms in the feed and the growth of black soldier flies.

[0013] Preferably, the trace element additive is at least one of soluble salts of iron, zinc, and calcium. Other trace elements required for the growth of black soldier flies such as manganese, selenium, copper, and magnesium can also be added according to needs. The specific types and amounts of addition can be supplemented according to the trace elements lacking in the used waste mushroom sticks. The trace elements lacking in the waste mushroom sticks can be determined by chemical analysis. More preferably, the trace element additive is at least one of EDTA - Fe, ZnSO 4 and CaHPO 4 in the formula.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, preparing the nuclei:

[0016] After the spent mushroom stick powder is soaked in water, the water is controlled until it stops dripping.

[0017] Weigh Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose proportionally, mix them evenly, and add them to the water-controlled mushroom stick powder in small amounts and multiple times. While spraying water, stir continuously. The mass of the sprayed water is 0.5 - 0.8 times the mass of the dry mushroom stick powder. After stirring evenly, feed it into a low-temperature granulator for granulation to obtain spherical nuclei.

[0018] Step Two, Coating

[0019] Mix starch and brown sugar and add them into a disk granulator, then add the spherical nuclei obtained in Step One. Control the rotation speed and water addition amount of the disk granulator to ensure that the starch and brown sugar mixture does not form lumps, so that a uniform spherical shell is wrapped around the spherical nuclei. The thickness of the spherical shell is 0.2 - 0.5 cm to obtain nutrient-rich spheres.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for breeding black soldier flies, and the steps are as follows:

[0021] Step One, Add water to the above-mentioned black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks until the water content reaches 60 - 65%, and perform solid-state fermentation at 25 - 35°C for 7 - 14 days.

[0022] Step Two, Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Introduce 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box at an inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed, keep the temperature at 35 - 38°C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, and raise them for 6 - 10 days.

[0023] Using the black soldier fly breeding method of the present invention, the protein content of the black soldier fly insect powder obtained from breeding is as high as 45 - 50%, and the nutritional value is high.

[0024] The present invention also provides a treatment method for the insect feces obtained from the above-mentioned black soldier fly breeding, including the following steps:

[0025] Step One, Add 1 - 2% by mass ratio of composite CBM bacterial agent to the insect feces; the CBM bacterial agent contains the following volume parts of bacterial strains: 23 - 25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15 - 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 - 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13 - 17 parts of actinomycetes, 10 - 15 parts of yeasts, and 8 - 12 parts of Acetobacter.

[0026] Step Two, Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20 - 25:1; since the black soldier flies are bred by the method of the present invention, the nitrogen content in the insect feces is relatively high, and about 2% of straw powder needs to be added to increase the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0027] Step Three, Keep warm and ferment at 30 - 50°C for 7 days, and turn the pile once every 48 hours to obtain solid biological organic fertilizer.

[0028] In the above method of the present invention, by controlling the fermentation temperature at a high temperature of 30-50°C, the fermentation time is greatly shortened, which is 5 days shorter than that of traditional natural composting. When the fermentation ends after 7 days, a reticulated grayish-white mycelium layer can be observed on the surface of the fermented material, and the fermented product emits an acid fragrance. The organic matter content of the obtained worm castings is >65%, which can be directly used as organic fertilizer. The solid bio-organic fertilizer obtained by the present invention has a long fertilizer retention period, and the nutrient release period in sandy soil reaches 60 days.

[0029] The present invention also provides another method for treating worm castings obtained from the above-mentioned black soldier fly breeding, including the following steps:

[0030] Step 1, first-stage fermentation:

[0031] Based on the total mass of the worm castings, add 1.0-1.5% of brown sugar and 0.2-1.0% of compound CBM bacterial agent to the worm castings. The CBM bacterial agent contains the following volume parts of bacterial strains: 23-25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13-17 parts of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts of yeast, and 8-12 parts of acetic acid bacteria; ferment at 30-50°C for 7 days while keeping warm. The oxygen amount is not controlled during the fermentation process of this stage, and it is a natural state composting fermentation.

[0032] Step 2, second-stage fermentation:

[0033] Based on the mass of the fermented worm castings, weigh 2-4% of the CBM bacterial agent, 0.01-0.02% of EDTA-Fe, 0.01-0.02% of ZnSO4, and 0.3-0.5% of seaweed extract, mix them evenly with water, and then add them to the fermented worm castings. The dosage of water is: the mass ratio of fermented worm castings to water = 1:4-5. Anaerobically ferment at 25-40°C for 72 hours to obtain a liquid fertilizer and water agent. During the fermentation process of this stage, it is necessary to maintain a sealed anaerobic state.

[0034] In the above method of the present invention, by combining solid-liquid fermentation in two stages, the fermentation time of the worm castings is greatly shortened. The prepared liquid fertilizer and water agent has both nutritional and stress-resistant functions: field tests show that the incidence of tomato downy mildew is reduced by 37%.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] The black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks of the present invention has nutrient-rich balls evenly dispersed in the waste mushroom stick residue, forming a relatively independent microenvironment, and the nutrient-rich balls are more likely to ferment during the feed fermentation process. The acetic acid produced by acetic acid bacteria promotes the secretion of cellulase by Bacillus subtilis and can protect metal trace elements in an ionic state, thereby increasing the concentrations of polysaccharides, proteins, and metals in the nutrient-rich balls. In this way, a nutrient-rich center is formed, and nutrients are slowly released under the protection of the spherical shell. The nutrient-rich balls can improve the water retention of the feed, and the combination of the nutrient-rich balls and the mushroom stick residue makes the black soldier fly breeding feed have both water retention and air permeability. Using the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks prepared by the present invention to breed black soldier flies can effectively improve the biological conversion rate of waste mushroom sticks. The growth rate of black soldier fly larvae is fast, and the quality of meat protein is high. The insect feces are processed by the method of the present invention, and the organic matter content of the solid bio-organic fertilizer prepared is high and can be directly used as organic fertilizer; the liquid fertilizer and water agent are prepared from the insect feces, and the treatment cycle is short. The fertilizer and water agent have both nutritional and stress-resistant functions. The present invention realizes a closed-loop ecological cycle of mushroom stick residue, insect protein, and organic fertilizer. Detailed implementation mode

[0037] The following will describe the present invention in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] I. Prepare a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, and the method is as follows:

[0040] Step 1, prepare the spherical core:

[0041] Crush the dry waste mushroom sticks after growing Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick powder with a particle size less than 0.2 mm, soak it in water for 2 hours, and then control the water to stop dripping.

[0042] Prepare the trace element additive: Weigh EDTA-Fe, ZnSO 4 and CaHPO 4 by mass ratio of 1:0.5:1, grind them separately, and then mix them evenly to obtain the trace element additive.

[0043] Weigh acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose according to the mass fraction ratio of dry mushroom stick powder, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose of 10:0.3:0.3:0.01:3.0:3.0. After mixing them evenly, add them to the water-controlled mushroom stick powder in small amounts and multiple times, spray water while stirring, the mass of the sprayed water is 0.5 times the mass of the dry mushroom stick powder, and after stirring evenly, send it to a low-temperature granulator for granulation to obtain spherical cores with a diameter of 0.5 mm.

[0044] Step 2, coating

[0045] Mix starch and brown sugar evenly at a mass ratio of 99.0:1.0, add them to a disk granulator, and then add the nuclei obtained in the first step. Control the rotation speed and water addition amount of the disk granulator to ensure that the starch and brown sugar mixture does not agglomerate, so that a uniform spherical shell is wrapped outside the nuclei until the diameter of the sphere is about 0.9 cm and the thickness of the spherical shell is 0.2 - 0.3 cm, obtaining nutrient-rich balls.

[0046] Step 3, mixing

[0047] Prepare a compound microbial inoculant: Mix 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of yeast, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 10 parts of Acetobacter aceti evenly by volume to obtain a compound microbial inoculant.

[0048] Crush the dried waste mushroom sticks after cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick residues with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 cm.

[0049] Weigh the following substances based on the mass of the mushroom stick residues: 3% soybean meal, 3% wheat bran, 3% corn, and 1.0% compound microbial inoculant, add them to the mushroom stick residues and mix evenly. Add the nutrient-rich balls obtained in the second step according to the volume ratio of mushroom stick residues to nutrient-rich balls of 5:1 and disperse evenly to obtain black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks.

[0050] II. Cultivate black soldier flies

[0051] Load the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks obtained above into a breeding box, add water until the water content is 60 - 65%, and keep it at 25 - 30 °C for solid-state fermentation for 7 days.

[0052] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae according to the inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1) and record it in Table 1. Introduce the black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, keep the temperature at 35 - 38 °C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 6 days, and harvest the black soldier flies.

[0053] Test:

[0054] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 of the harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects (recorded as m2) and record it in Table 1, and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0055] Test for crude protein content of black soldier flies:

[0056] According to the total amount method of the national standard GB / T 6432 - 2018 "Determination of Crude Protein in Feeds - Kjeldahl Method", the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] 1. Preparation of a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, the method is as follows:

[0059] Step 1, preparation of spherical cores:

[0060] Crush the dry waste mushroom sticks after cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick powder with a particle size less than 0.2 mm, soak it in water for 2 hours, and then control the water to stop dripping.

[0061] Prepare trace element additives: Weigh FeSO 4 , ZnSO 4 and CaHPO 4 by mass ratio of 1:0.8:1, grind them separately, and mix them evenly to obtain trace element additives.

[0062] Weigh Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to the mass ratio of dry mushroom stick powder, Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose of 10:0.5:0.5:0.02:5.0:6.0. After mixing evenly, add them to the water-controlled mushroom stick powder in small amounts and multiple times, spray water while stirring, the mass of the sprayed water is 0.7 times the mass of the dry mushroom stick powder, and after stirring evenly, send it to a low-temperature granulator for granulation to obtain spherical cores with a diameter of 0.3 mm.

[0063] Step 2, coating

[0064] Mix starch and brown sugar evenly according to the mass ratio of 99.5:0.5, add them to a disk granulator, and then add the spherical cores obtained in Step 1. Control the rotation speed and water addition amount of the disk granulator to ensure that the starch and brown sugar mixture does not form lumps, so that a uniform spherical shell is coated outside the spherical cores until the diameter of the sphere is about 0.9 cm and the thickness of the spherical shell is 0.2 - 0.3 cm to obtain nutrient-rich spheres.

[0065] Step 3, mixing

[0066] Prepare a compound microbial inoculum: Mix 25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of Lactobacillus, 13 parts of Actinomycetes, 13 parts of Yeast, 8 parts of Photosynthetic bacteria and 8 parts of Acetobacter evenly by volume ratio to obtain a compound microbial inoculum.

[0067] Crush the dry waste mushroom sticks after cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick residues with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 cm.

[0068] Weigh the following substances based on the mass of the mushroom stick residues: 2% soybean meal, 2% wheat bran, 1% corn and 0.2% compound microbial inoculum, add them to the mushroom stick residues and mix evenly. Add the nutrient-rich spheres obtained in Step 2 according to the volume ratio of mushroom stick residues to nutrient-rich spheres of 3:1 and disperse them evenly to obtain a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks.

[0069] II. Culturing black soldier flies

[0070] Put the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks obtained above into the breeding box, add water until the water content is 60 - 65%, and keep it at 25 - 30°C for solid - state fermentation for 10 days.

[0071] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 - instar black soldier fly larvae according to the inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1) as a whole, and record it in Table 1. Introduce the black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, keep the temperature at 30 - 35°C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 8 days, and then harvest the black soldier flies.

[0072] Testing:

[0073] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects as a whole (recorded as m2), and calculate the weight growth rate of black soldier flies according to the method in Example 1, and record it in Table 1.

[0074] Test for crude protein content of black soldier flies: Test the crude protein content of black soldier flies using the same method as in Example 1, and record it in Table 1.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] I. Prepare a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks, and the method is as follows:

[0077] Step 1, prepare spherical nuclei:

[0078] Crush the dry waste mushroom sticks after cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick powder with a particle size less than 0.2 mm, soak it in water for 2 hours, and then control the water to stop dripping.

[0079] Prepare trace element additives: Weigh EDTA - Fe, ZnSO 4 and CaHPO 4 by a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1, grind them separately, and mix them evenly to obtain trace element additives.

[0080] Weigh acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pre - gelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose according to the mass fraction ratio of dry mushroom stick powder, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pre - gelatinized starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose of 10:0.5:0.5:0.02:4.0:4.0. After mixing them evenly, add them to the water - controlled mushroom stick powder in small amounts and multiple times, spray water while stirring, the mass of the sprayed water is 0.8 times the mass of the dry mushroom stick powder, and after stirring evenly, send it to a low - temperature granulator for granulation to obtain spherical nuclei with a diameter of 0.4 mm.

[0081] Step 2, coating

[0082] Mix starch and brown sugar evenly at a mass ratio of 99.0:1.0, add them to a disk granulator, and then add the nuclei obtained in the first step. Control the rotation speed and water addition amount of the disk granulator to ensure that the starch and brown sugar mixture does not form lumps, so that a uniform spherical shell is wrapped outside the nuclei until the diameter of the sphere is about 0.9 cm and the thickness of the spherical shell is 0.2 - 0.3 cm to obtain nutrient-rich balls.

[0083] Step 3, mixing

[0084] Prepare a compound microbial inoculant: Mix 35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 17 parts of actinomycetes, 17 parts of yeast, 12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 12 parts of Acetobacter aceti evenly by volume to obtain a compound microbial inoculant.

[0085] Crush the dried waste mushroom sticks after cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick residues with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 cm.

[0086] Weigh the following substances based on the mass of the mushroom stick residues: 5% soybean meal, 5% wheat bran, 5% corn, and 2.0% compound microbial inoculant, add them to the mushroom stick residues and mix evenly. Add the nutrient-rich balls obtained in the second step according to the volume ratio of mushroom stick residues to nutrient-rich balls of 10:1 and disperse them evenly to obtain a black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks.

[0087] II. Breeding black soldier flies

[0088] Load the black soldier fly breeding feed based on waste mushroom sticks obtained above into a breeding box, add water to a water content of 60 - 65%, and keep it in solid-state fermentation at 28 - 30 °C for 14 days.

[0089] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take black soldier fly larvae at the 2 - 3 instar stage according to the inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1) and record it in Table 1. Introduce the black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, keep the temperature at 35 - 38 °C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 10 days, and harvest the black soldier flies.

[0090] Testing:

[0091] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects (recorded as m2), and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies according to the method in Example 1 and record it in Table 1.

[0092] Test the crude protein content of black soldier flies: Test the crude protein content of black soldier flies using the same method as in Example 1 and record it in Table 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] I. Prepare a feed using waste mushroom sticks

[0095] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no rich-nutrient ball in the prepared feed. The specific method is as follows:

[0096] Prepare a compound microbial agent: Mix 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of yeast, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 10 parts of acetic acid bacteria evenly by volume to obtain a compound microbial agent.

[0097] Crush the dried waste mushroom sticks after growing Pleurotus ostreatus into mushroom stick residues with a particle size of 0.3 - 1.0 cm.

[0098] Weigh the following substances based on the mass of the mushroom stick residues: 3% soybean meal, 3% wheat bran, 3% corn, and 1.0% compound microbial agent. After adding them to the mushroom stick residues, mix evenly to obtain a feed prepared from waste mushroom sticks.

[0099] II. Cultivate black soldier flies

[0100] Put the feed obtained above into a breeding box, add water until the water content is 60 - 65%, and keep it at 25 - 30 °C for solid-state fermentation for 7 days.

[0101] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae at an inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1) and record it in Table 1. Then introduce these black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, keep the temperature at 35 - 38 °C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 6 days, and harvest the black soldier flies.

[0102] Testing:

[0103] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects (recorded as m2) and record it in Table 1, and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0104] Test the crude protein content of black soldier flies: Use the same method as in Example 1 to test the crude protein content of black soldier flies and record it in Table 1.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] I. Prepare a feed from waste mushroom sticks. The method is as follows:

[0107] Weigh the same mass and the same particle size of mushroom stick powder as used in Step 1 of Example 1, soak it in water for 2 hours, and then control the water to stop dripping.

[0108] Prepare a trace element additive: Weigh EDTA-Fe, ZnSO 4 and CaHPO 4, grind them separately and then mix them evenly to obtain the trace element additive.

[0109] Prepare the starch and brown sugar mixture: Mix starch and brown sugar evenly at a mass ratio of 99.0:1.0. Then weigh out the starch and brown sugar mixture with the same mass as that used for coating on the spherical shell in Step 2 of Example 1 for standby.

[0110] Weigh out Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose respectively according to the mass fraction ratio of 10:0.3:0.3:0.01:3.0:3.0 of dry mushroom stick powder, Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose. Then add the above-mentioned weighed and standby starch and brown sugar mixture and mix evenly. Then add it to the water-controlled mushroom stick powder in small amounts and multiple times, spraying water and stirring at the same time. The mass of the sprayed water is 0.5 times the mass of the dry mushroom stick powder. Then add the prepared starch and brown sugar mixture, and the addition amount is the same as that used for coating the spherical shell in Example 1.

[0111] Prepare the compound microbial inoculant: Mix 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of Lactobacillus, 15 parts of Actinomycetes, 15 parts of Yeast, 10 parts of Photosynthetic bacteria and 10 parts of Acetobacter evenly by volume to obtain the compound microbial inoculant.

[0112] Use the same mushroom stick residue as in Example 1, weigh out the same mass as that used in Example 1, and add 3% of soybean meal, 3% of wheat bran, 3% of corn and 1.0% of the compound microbial inoculant based on the mass of the mushroom stick residue, and mix evenly to obtain the feed.

[0113] II. Cultivate black soldier fly

[0114] Put the above-obtained feed into the breeding box, add water to make the water content 60 - 65%, and keep it at 25 - 30 °C for solid-state fermentation for 7 days.

[0115] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae according to the inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly take 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1) and record it in Table 1. Then introduce these black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, keep the temperature at 35 - 38 °C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 6 days, and harvest the black soldier fly.

[0116] Test:

[0117] Weight growth rate: Randomly take 100 harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects (recorded as m2) and record it in Table 1, and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier fly: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0118] Test on the crude protein content of black soldier fly larvae: The crude protein content of black soldier fly larvae was tested using the same method as in Example 1 and recorded in Table 1.

[0119] Comparative Example 3

[0120] I. Preparation of a feed using waste mushroom sticks. The only difference between the feed prepared in this comparative example and the feed prepared in Example 1 lies in the spheroid. No Acetobacter was added to the spheroid prepared in this comparative example, and other components and the preparation method of the spheroid are exactly the same as those in Example 1. Steps II and III are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0121] II. Culturing black soldier fly larvae

[0122] The feed obtained above was placed in a culture box, and water was added to make the water content 60 - 65%, and solid-state fermentation was carried out at 25 - 30°C for 7 days.

[0123] Inoculation of black soldier fly larvae: Black soldier fly larvae at the 2 - 3 instar stage were taken at an inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. The initial weight of 100 randomly selected black soldier fly larvae (denoted as m1) was measured as a whole and recorded in Table 1. Then these black soldier fly larvae were inoculated into the culture box, and the temperature was maintained at 35 - 38°C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, and they were fed for 6 days, and then the black soldier fly larvae were harvested.

[0124] Testing:

[0125] Weight growth rate: The final weight of 100 randomly selected harvested black soldier fly larvae (denoted as m2) was measured as a whole and recorded in Table 1, and the weight growth rate of black soldier fly larvae was calculated: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0126] Test on the crude protein content of black soldier fly larvae: The crude protein content of black soldier fly larvae was tested using the same method as in Example 1 and recorded in Table 1.

[0127] Comparative Example 4

[0128] I. Preparation of a feed using waste mushroom sticks

[0129] Steps I and II of this comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the same nutrient-rich spheroids were prepared.

[0130] The only difference between the feed prepared in this comparative example and the feed prepared in Example 1 lies in Step III. In this comparative example, photosynthetic bacteria were not added when preparing the compound microbial inoculum, and other strains and their usage amounts remained unchanged.

[0131] Then, use the same mushroom stick residue, weigh the same mass as in Example 1, and add soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn in the same addition amounts as in Example 1; then add 1.0% of the composite microbial inoculant prepared in this comparative example, and then add the nutrient-rich balls prepared in this example according to the volume ratio of mushroom stick residue to nutrient-rich balls of 5:1, and disperse evenly to obtain the feed.

[0132] II. Culturing black soldier flies

[0133] Load the feed obtained above into the culture box, add water until the water content is 60 - 65%, and maintain solid-state fermentation at 25 - 30 °C for 7 days.

[0134] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae according to the inoculation amount of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed, randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (recorded as m1), and record it in Table 1. Then introduce these black soldier fly larvae into the culture box, maintain the temperature at 35 - 38 °C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 6 days, and harvest the black soldier flies.

[0135] Testing:

[0136] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 harvested black soldier flies to test the final weight of 100 insects (recorded as m2), record it in Table 1, and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0137] Test for crude protein content of black soldier flies: Use the same method as in Example 1 to test the crude protein content of black soldier flies and record it in Table 1.

[0138] Comparative Example 5

[0139] I. Prepare a feed using waste mushroom sticks

[0140] Step 1 and Step 2 of this comparative example are exactly the same as those of Example 1 to produce the same nutrient-rich balls.

[0141] The only difference between the feed prepared in this comparative example and the feed prepared in Example 1 lies in Step 3. In this comparative example, lactic acid bacteria are not added when preparing the composite microbial inoculant, and other strains and usage amounts remain unchanged.

[0142] Then, use the same mushroom stick residue, weigh the same mass as in Example 1, and add soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn in the same addition amounts as in Example 1; then add 1.0% of the composite microbial inoculant prepared in this comparative example, and then add the nutrient-rich balls prepared in this example according to the volume ratio of mushroom stick residue to nutrient-rich balls of 5:1, and disperse evenly to obtain the feed.

[0143] II. Culturing black soldier flies

[0144] Load the feed obtained above into the breeding box, add water until the water content reaches 60 - 65%, and maintain solid-state fermentation at 25 - 30°C for 7 days.

[0145] Introduce black soldier fly larvae: Take 2 - 3 instar black soldier fly larvae at an inoculation rate of 2000 black soldier fly larvae per kilogram of feed. Randomly select 100 black soldier fly larvae to test the initial weight of 100 insects (denoted as m1) as a whole and record it in Table 1. Then introduce these black soldier fly larvae into the breeding box, maintain the temperature at 35 - 38°C and the humidity at 70 - 75%, raise them for 6 days, and harvest the black soldier flies.

[0146] Testing:

[0147] Weight growth rate: Randomly select 100 black soldier flies from the harvested ones to test the final weight of 100 insects (denoted as m2) as a whole and record it in Table 1, and calculate the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies: Weight growth rate = (m2 - m1) / m1 × 100%

[0148] Test for crude protein content of black soldier flies: Use the same method as in Example 1 to test the crude protein content of black soldier flies and record it in Table 1.

[0149] Table 1

[0150]

[0151] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, waste mushroom sticks are respectively made into mushroom stick residues and nutrient-rich balls, and then the black soldier flies cultured after fermenting the breeding feed obtained by mixing the mushroom stick residues and nutrient-rich balls have a high weight growth rate and a high crude protein content.

[0152] In Comparative Example 1, mushroom stick residues made from waste mushroom sticks are also used to make feed, and the only difference between it and Example 1 is that nutrient-rich balls are not mixed in the mushroom stick residues. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies cultured after fermenting the feed prepared in Example 1 reaches 5545.8%, and the dry basis crude protein content is as high as 50.75%; while for the black soldier flies cultured after fermenting the feed prepared in Comparative Example 1, the weight growth rate is only 4379.2%, and the dry basis crude protein content is only 45.32%; it can be seen that directly making mushroom stick residues from waste mushroom sticks to culture black soldier flies has a low biological conversion rate and a low crude protein content in the insect body.

[0153] In Comparative Example 2, feed made from the residue of spent mushroom sticks was also used. The only difference from Example 1 was that the mushroom stick powder, Acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additive, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl cellulose contained in the core of the nutrient-rich ball, as well as starch and brown sugar contained in the ball shell, were directly mixed with the mushroom stick residue. Instead of preparing a nutrient-rich ball to wrap the core to form a microenvironment, they were directly mixed into the mushroom stick residue to make feed, which was then fermented and used to raise black soldier flies. As can be seen from Table 1, the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies raised in Comparative Example 2 was not high, being 5254.2%, and the dry basis crude protein content was only 45.53%, still lower than that of Example 1. It can be seen that simply mixing the same mushroom stick residue with the corresponding nutrients and strains together cannot best exert its maximum nutritional efficiency and cannot be effectively absorbed and converted by black soldier flies.

[0154] In Comparative Example 3, spent mushroom sticks were also used to make mushroom stick residue and nutrient-rich balls respectively, and then the feed made by mixing them. The only difference from Example 1 was that Acetobacter was not added to the prepared core. As can be seen from Table 1, the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies raised after fermenting with this feed was not high, being 4962.5%, and the dry basis crude protein content was only 45.72%, also lower than that of Example 1. It can be seen that Acetobacter in the core plays an important role in the decomposition and utilization of the nutrients in the core. Alone, Bacillus subtilis cannot well decompose and release the nutrients in the mushroom stick powder, affecting the absorption and utilization of nutrients such as trace elements, starch, and protein by black soldier flies and the biological utilization rate of the feed.

[0155] In Comparative Example 4, spent mushroom sticks were also used to make mushroom stick residue and nutrient-rich balls respectively, and then the feed made by mixing them. The only difference from Example 1 was that photosynthetic bacteria were not added when preparing the compound microbial inoculum, that is, photosynthetic bacteria were not added to the mushroom stick residue. As can be seen from Table 1, the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies raised after fermenting with this feed was 5316.7%, and the dry basis crude protein content was 46.05%, also lower than that of Example 1. It can be seen that photosynthetic bacteria in the mushroom stick residue play an important role in the decomposition and utilization of nutrients. In Comparative Example 5, spent mushroom sticks were also used to make mushroom stick residue and nutrient-rich balls respectively, and then the feed made by mixing them. The only difference from Example 1 was that lactic acid bacteria were not added when preparing the compound microbial inoculum, that is, lactic acid bacteria were not added to the mushroom stick residue. As can be seen from Table 1, the weight growth rate of the black soldier flies raised after fermenting with this feed was 5004.2%, and the dry basis crude protein content was 44.37%, also lower than that of Example 1. It can be seen that lactic acid bacteria in the mushroom stick residue play an important role in the decomposition and utilization of nutrients.

[0156] The above results show that: for the black soldier fly breeding feed prepared in the embodiments of the present invention, the nutrient-rich balls dispersed in the mushroom stick residue are beneficial to the growth of black soldier flies and the synthesis of protein. In the nutrient-rich balls, the starch and brown sugar-coated spherical shells make the nutrient-rich balls form a relatively independent microenvironment. In this microenvironment, the acetic acid produced by Acetobacter aceti decomposing pregelatinized starch promotes Bacillus subtilis to secrete cellulase, accelerating the decomposition of lignocellulose, and at the same time keeping the metal trace elements in an ion state that is easy to absorb, thus forming a nutrient-rich center. These nutrient-rich centers are rich in sugars, proteins and trace elements and have water retention; the nutrient-rich centers are mixed with the mushroom stick residue with good air permeability, providing sufficient oxygen and reasonable nutrition for the growth of black soldier fly larvae, which is beneficial to the growth of black soldier flies and enables the waste mushroom sticks to have a high biological conversion rate when breeding black soldier flies.

[0157] In addition, the multi-strain bacterial agent in the compound microbial bacterial agent in the mushroom stick residue coexists and prospers during the fermentation process, jointly decomposing the lignocellulose of the mushroom stick residue and providing nutrients for the growth of black soldier flies; in particular, the synergistic effect of photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria improves the utilization rate of the mushroom stick residue, can significantly increase the growth rate of black soldier flies and increase the content of meat protein.

[0158] Example 4

[0159] The solid bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the insect feces obtained after harvesting black soldier flies by using the method of Example 1 for breeding black soldier flies as follows:

[0160] Step 1, adding a compound CBM bacterial agent with a mass ratio of 1% to the insect feces; the CBM bacterial agent contains the following volume parts of bacterial strains: 23 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13 parts of actinomycetes, 10 parts of yeast and 8 parts of Acetobacter aceti;

[0161] Step 2, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with straw powder;

[0162] Step 3, incubating and fermenting at 30-40 °C for 7 days, turning the pile once every 48 hours to obtain the solid bio-organic fertilizer.

[0163] Test for organic matter content:

[0164] The organic matter content of the solid bio-organic fertilizer prepared in this example was tested. The test method was carried out in accordance with HJ 615-2011 "Determination of Soil Organic Carbon - Potassium Dichromate Oxidation - Spectrophotometry Method". The measured organic matter content of the prepared solid bio-organic fertilizer was 46.7%.

[0165] Example 5

[0166] The solid bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the insect feces obtained after harvesting black soldier flies by using the method of Example 1 for breeding black soldier flies as follows:

[0167] Step 1: Add a composite CBM bacterial agent with a mass ratio of 2% to the wormcast; the CBM bacterial agent contains the following bacterial strains in parts by volume: 25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 17 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of yeast, and 12 parts of acetic acid bacteria;

[0168] Step 2: Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1 with straw powder;

[0169] Step 3: Keep the temperature at 40 - 50 °C for fermentation for 7 days, and turn the pile once every 48 hours to obtain solid bio-organic fertilizer.

[0170] Test for organic matter content: Using the same method as in Example 4, the organic matter content of the prepared solid bio-organic fertilizer was tested to be 47.8%.

[0171] Application Example 1

[0172] Alfalfa was planted in the same greenhouse. The soil used was sandy loam with a pH of 7.2, organic matter of 1.2%, and available N of 45 mg / kg. The test crop was alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and the variety was "Zhongmu No. 1".

[0173] Randomly divide the soil into four groups of planting areas. Each group of planting areas is divided into 3 plots, and the area of each plot is 3 m 2 . Apply the solid bio-organic fertilizer obtained in Example 4 as the base fertilizer to the 3 plots in the first group of planting areas. Apply the solid bio-organic fertilizer obtained in Example 5 as the base fertilizer to the 3 plots in the second group of planting areas. Apply a commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 30%) as the base fertilizer to the 3 plots in the third group of planting areas. Do not apply base fertilizer to the 3 plots in the fourth group of planting areas. The application rates for the first group of planting areas, the second group of planting areas, the third group of planting areas, and the fourth group of planting areas are all based on 150 kg / hm of pure nitrogen 2 for fertilization.

[0174] Sow the germinated seeds into the soil of each of the above plots respectively. Sowing density: row spacing 30 cm, plant spacing 10 cm, and 100 plants are planted in each plot. Water in a timely manner after sowing to keep the soil moist, and monitor the growth of alfalfa according to the method in Table 2. Among them, the plant height is measured with a ruler, randomly select 10 plants to measure, and take the average value. For the dry weight of the above-ground part, use the drying method and weigh at 105 °C until constant weight. The available soil nutrients are all monitored according to the method in Table 2.

[0175] The test results of the plant height of alfalfa in the first group of planting areas, the second group of planting areas, the third group of planting areas, and the fourth group of planting areas are shown in Table 3.

[0176] The test results of the above-ground dry weight of alfalfa in the first group of planting areas, the second group of planting areas, the third group of planting areas, and the fourth group of planting areas are shown in Table 4.

[0177] The test results of the available nutrients in the soil of alfalfa in the first group of planting areas, the second group of planting areas, the third group of planting areas and the fourth group of planting areas are shown in Table 5.

[0178] The test results of the root activity of alfalfa in the first group of planting areas, the second group of planting areas, the third group of planting areas and the fourth group of planting areas are shown in Table 6.

[0179] Table 2

[0180]

[0181] Table 3

[0182]

[0183] Table 4

[0184]

[0185] Table 5

[0186]

[0187] Table 6

[0188]

[0189] It can be seen from the above results that the solid biological organic fertilizer of the present invention has a high organic matter content, the nutrient release period in sandy soil is up to 60 days, and the plant growth is good.

[0190] Example 6

[0191] The wormcast obtained after breeding and harvesting black soldier flies in Example 1 was used to prepare a fertilizer and water agent, and the method was as follows:

[0192] Step 1, first-stage fermentation:

[0193] Based on the total mass of the wormcast, 1.0% brown sugar and 0.2% compound CBM bacterial agent were added to the wormcast. The CBM bacterial agent contained the following volume fractions of bacterial strains: 23 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13 parts of actinomycetes, 10 parts of yeast, and 8 parts of acetic acid bacteria; ferment at 30 - 40 °C for 7 days.

[0194] Step 2, second-stage fermentation:

[0195] Based on the mass of the fermented wormcast, 2% of the CBM bacterial agent, 0.01% of EDTA-Fe, and 0.01% of ZnSO 4, 0.3% of seaweed extract, add water and mix evenly, then add it to the fermented insect feces. The dosage of water is: the mass ratio of fermented insect feces to water = 1:4; anaerobic fermentation at 25 - 40 °C for 72 hours to obtain a liquid fertilizer agent.

[0196] Example 7

[0197] Use the insect feces obtained after harvesting black soldier fly in Example 1 to prepare a fertilizer agent. The method is as follows:

[0198] Step 1, the first-stage fermentation:

[0199] Based on the total mass of the insect feces, add 1.5% of brown sugar and 1.0% of compound CBM bacterial agent to the insect feces. The CBM bacterial agent contains the following volume parts of bacterial strains: 25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 17 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of yeast, and 12 parts of acetic acid bacteria; keep warm and ferment at 40 - 50 °C for 7 days.

[0200] Step 2, the second-stage fermentation:

[0201] Based on the mass of the fermented insect feces, weigh 4% of the CBM bacterial agent, 0.02% of EDTA-Fe, 0.02% of ZnSO 4 , 0.5% of seaweed extract, add water and mix evenly, then add it to the fermented insect feces. The dosage of water is: the mass ratio of fermented insect feces to water = 1:5; anaerobic fermentation at 25 - 40 °C for 72 hours to obtain a liquid fertilizer agent.

[0202] Application Example 2

[0203] Use the fertilizer agent obtained in Example 7 in a greenhouse for tomatoes, specifically as follows:

[0204] The tomato variety is "Zhongshu No. 4", and the soil used in the planting area is sandy soil. Soil pH 7.2, organic matter 1.2%, available N 45 mg / kg. Planting density: row spacing 50 cm, plant spacing 40 cm. Divide the above planting area into 2 regions at intervals, namely Region 1 and Region 2, with a distance of more than 3 meters between the regions.

[0205] At the seedling stage of tomatoes, that is, 20 days after planting, spray the fertilizer agent obtained in Example 7 on the tomato seedlings planted in Region 1. When spraying, dilute it with water at a ratio of 1:1000 and spray it on the tomato seedlings. The tomato seedlings planted in Region 2 are not sprayed.

[0206] At the flowering stage of tomatoes (that is, 30 days after planting), spray and inoculate the spore suspension of Phytophthora infestans (1 × 105 spores / mL) in Region 1 and Region 2.

[0207] Forty days after tomato planting, the tomato seedlings planted in Area 1 were sprayed with the fertilizer and water agent obtained in Example 7. When spraying, it was diluted with water at a ratio of 1:1000 and sprayed on the whole tomato plants. The tomatoes planted in Area 2 were not sprayed.

[0208] The tomatoes planted in Area 1 and Area 2 were monitored. The monitoring method is shown in Table 7, and the monitoring results are shown in Table 8.

[0209] Table 7

[0210]

[0211] Table 8

[0212]

[0213] It can be seen from the data in Table 8 that the incidence rate of tomatoes in Area 1 after 21 days was significantly lower than that in Area 2 (P<0.05), and the decrease was up to 37%. After spraying with the fertilizer and water agent of the present invention, the disease index of tomatoes was significantly reduced.

[0214] The present invention provides a complete set of solutions for the resource utilization of edible mushroom waste mushroom sticks, establishes a closed-loop ecological cycle system of mushroom stick residue - insect protein - organic fertilizer, turns waste into treasure, and realizes zero waste discharge. Each ton of mushroom sticks can produce 300 kg of insect bodies and 600 kg of organic fertilizer, with a high biological conversion rate. The economic value is increased by more than 10 times compared with the traditional landfill treatment. Moreover, the solid fertilizer prepared by the present invention has an extended long-term effect, and the nutrient release period in sandy soil reaches 60 days. The prepared liquid fertilizer has both nutritional and stress-resistant functions: field tests show that the incidence rate of tomato downy mildew is reduced by 37%.

[0215] It should be noted here that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described above can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. In addition, the above are only partial embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks, characterized in that: The invention comprises mushroom stick residue and nutrient-rich balls, wherein the nutrient-rich balls are uniformly dispersed in the mushroom stick residue; a composite microbial agent is uniformly added to the mushroom stick residue, wherein the addition amount of the composite microbial agent is 0.2-2% of the mass of the mushroom stick residue, and the composite microbial agent comprises the following bacterial species in parts by volume: 25-35 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 13-17 parts of actinomycetes, 13-17 parts of yeasts, 8-12 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 8-12 parts of acetobacter; the nutrient-rich ball comprises a core and a shell wrapped around the core, wherein the core comprises uniformly mixed mushroom stick powder, acetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the shell comprises uniformly mixed starch and brown sugar.

2. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the mushroom stick residue is 0.3-1.0 cm, the particle size of the mushroom stick powder is less than 0.2 mm, the diameter of the ball core is 0.3-0.5 cm, the thickness of the ball shell is 0.2-0.3 cm, and the diameter of the nutrient-rich ball is not more than 1.2 mm.

3. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom stick residue is mixed with the following substances based on the mass of the mushroom stick residue: 2-5% of soybean meal, 2-5% of wheat bran and 1-5% of corn flour.

4. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the spherical core, mushroom stick powder, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5:0.01-0.02:3-5:3-6 and then aqueously bonded; the mass content of brown sugar in the spherical shell is 0.5-1.0%, and the remainder is starch.

5. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the mushroom stick residue to the nutrient-rich balls is 3-10:

1.

6. The black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The trace element additive is at least one of soluble salts of iron, zinc and calcium.

7. The method for preparing black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prepare the core: After soaking the mushroom stick powder in water, control the water until no water drips; Weigh acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, trace element additives, pregelatinized starch and carboxymethyl cellulose according to proportion, mix evenly, then add a small amount to the water-controlled mushroom stick powder several times, spray water while stirring, the mass of water sprayed is 0.5-0.8 times the mass of dry mushroom stick powder, stir evenly, send into a low-temperature granulator for granulation, and obtain ball core; Step 2: Wrapping The starch and brown sugar are mixed and added into a disc granulator, and then the ball core obtained in step 1 is added, and the rotation speed and the amount of water added of the disc granulator are controlled to ensure that the starch and brown sugar mixture does not agglomerate, so that the ball core is covered with a uniform spherical shell with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 cm, thereby obtaining a nutrient-rich ball.

8. A method for breeding black soldier flies, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1, adding water to the black soldier fly breeding feed based on discarded mushroom sticks according to any one of claims 1 to 6 until the water content is 60-65%, and solid-state fermenting at 25-35° C. for 7-14 days; Step 2, inoculate black soldier fly seedlings: inoculate 2-3 age black soldier fly seedlings at an inoculation rate of 2,000 black soldier fly seedlings per kilogram of feed into a breeding box, maintain a temperature of 35-38° C. and a humidity of 70-75%, and raise them for 6-10 days.

9. A method for treating insect excrement obtained from breeding black soldier flies according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, adding 1-2% by mass of a composite CBM bacterial agent to the excrement obtained from the breeding of black soldier flies according to claim 8; the CBM bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial species in parts by volume: 23-25 ​​parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13-17 parts of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts of yeast and 8-12 parts of acetic acid bacteria; Step 2, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-25:1; Step 3: Ferment at 30-50℃ for 7 days, turning the compost once every 48 hours to obtain solid bio-organic fertilizer.

10. A method for treating insect excrement obtained from breeding black soldier flies according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, first stage fermentation: Based on the total weight of insect excrement, 1.0-1.5% brown sugar and 0.2-1.0% composite CBM bacterial agent are added to the insect excrement, wherein the CBM bacterial agent contains the following bacterial species in parts by volume: 23-25 ​​parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 15-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 13-17 parts of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts of yeast and 8-12 parts of acetobacillus; the mixture is kept at 30-50° C. and fermented for 7 days; Step 2, second stage fermentation: Based on the mass of fermented insect manure, weigh 2-4% of the CBM bacterial agent, 0.01-0.02% of EDTA-Fe, 0.01-0.02% of ZnSO4, and 0.3-0.5% of seaweed extract, add water and mix evenly, and then add to the fermented insect manure. The amount of water used is: fermented insect manure: water = 1:4-5 by mass ratio; anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25-40°C for 72 hours to obtain a liquid fertilizer water agent.

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