Landing-floating long-life survival device for land-air amphibious golden star and transformation method

Abstract

The invention provides a land-air amphibious golden star landing-floating long-life surviver and a transformation method, and the surviver comprises a spherical main body which is formed by splicing an upper spherical surface and a lower spherical surface, and a sealing ring is arranged between the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface; the internal device is arranged in the spherical main body and comprises a heat insulation layer, a phase change plate and a single machine; the landing support is connected to the lower spherical surface and used for guaranteeing the landing posture; the speed reducing disc is connected to the upper spherical surface and is used for ensuring the landing speed and angle; the high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon is communicated with the interior of the spherical main body and connected with a high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity, a high-temperature decomposition material is stored in the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity, and when the high-temperature decomposition material reaches the decomposition temperature, the high-temperature decomposition material is decomposed to generate gas to be filled into the balloon, so that the survival device is converted into a floating state from a landing state. According to the invention, the engineering and scientific targets of the golden star landing-floating long-life survival device are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of aerospace technology, and particularly relates to a land-air amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle and a transformation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Venus is the planet closest to the Earth within the solar system and is also the planet with the mass and volume closest to the Earth. Conducting Venus exploration helps humans understand the formation and evolution process of terrestrial planets within the solar system. The main components of the atmosphere on the Venus surface include CO 2 (96.4%), N 2 (3.41%), H 2 O (0.135%), inert gases and acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide. These gases cause a severe greenhouse effect on the Venus surface, absorbing a large amount of radiant energy from the sun, making the surface temperature of Venus extremely high (about 467 degrees Celsius) and the surface atmospheric pressure extremely high (about 92 Earth atmospheres). The atmospheric density on the Venus surface is about 67 g / L, which is about 50 times that of the Earth's atmosphere. A large amount of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sulfur dioxide in the Venus atmosphere cause a severe greenhouse effect on the Venus surface, absorbing a large amount of radiant energy from the sun, making the surface temperature of Venus as high as 740 K (467 °C), higher than other planets in the solar system. Additionally, due to the influence of the atmosphere and cloud structure, the solar irradiance on the Venus surface decreases from 2622 W / m 2 above to less than 100 W / m 2 at the surface, which makes the influence of solar irradiance on the Venus surface temperature very small and the day-night temperature almost unchanged.

[0003] Such an extreme high temperature is much higher than the operating temperature of existing electronic devices (silicon semiconductors in existing electronic devices will exhibit conductor characteristics at about 300 °C), and conventional active refrigeration devices and solar power generation devices cannot work properly in such an extreme environment. The extreme environment of Venus poses a huge challenge to the long-life survival of the lander, mainly reflected in two aspects: energy and environmental adaptability.

[0004] So far, humans have carried out 43 Venus exploration missions through flyby, orbiting, and landing methods, including 15 landing explorations. After nearly 30 years of mission hiatus, Venus exploration has recently returned to the public eye. In 2021, the United States approved new Venus exploration projects, the VERITAS and DAVINCI+ missions, and listed in the released "Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032" in-situ exploration of Venus as one of the preferred medium-sized missions. Europe also plans to carry out the EnVision Venus exploration mission around 2030, and Russia also plans to carry out the Venera-D exploration mission.

[0005] Compared with traditional near-Earth space spacecraft, lunar and Martian probes, the environment faced by Venus landers is more severe and complex. Affected by the extreme high temperature and high pressure environment on Venus, the lifespan of landers that have successfully landed on Venus in history is very short, and the longest survival time is only 127 minutes (Soviet Venera 13). It can only conduct short-term exploration, making it difficult to obtain detailed information on the material composition of the Venus surface, the interaction between the atmosphere and the surface, and the activities of earthquakes and volcanoes, etc. It is impossible to conduct in-depth research on the surface and internal structure of Venus, the nature of current activities, and its evolution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems and achieve long-term survival of the Venus surface lander, based on the characteristics and advantages of the dense atmosphere on the Venus surface, the present invention provides an amphibious Venus landing-airborne long-life survival vehicle and transformation method. It is an amphibious lander for Venus landing-airborne based on the design requirements of traditional space landers and airships, considering the special high temperature and high pressure environment on the Venus surface and aiming at the long-life survival requirement.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An amphibious Venus landing-airborne long-life survival vehicle, comprising:

[0009] A spherical main body, spliced by an upper spherical surface and a lower spherical surface, and a sealing ring is arranged between the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface;

[0010] Internal devices, arranged inside the spherical main body, including a heat insulation layer, a phase change plate, and single machines;

[0011] Landing brackets, connected to the lower spherical surface, for ensuring the landing attitude;

[0012] Deceleration disks, connected to the upper spherical surface, for ensuring the landing speed and angle;

[0013] A high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon, communicating with the inside of the spherical main body, connecting to a high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity, in which high-temperature decomposition materials are stored. When the high-temperature decomposition materials reach the decomposition temperature, they decompose to generate gas and fill the balloon, causing the survival vehicle to change from the landing state to the airborne state.

[0014] Further, the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface use titanium alloy as the main material, and are sealed by screwing between them.

[0015] Further, the inner surfaces of the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface have a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer adopts aerogel material.

[0016] Further, the phase change plate is used to absorb the heat generated by the internal single machines, effectively controlling the internal temperature of the survival vehicle.

[0017] Further, the single machine includes multiple ones according to functional requirements.

[0018] Further, the pyrolysis material storage cavity is installed on the phase change plate with heat-conducting materials to ensure that its internal temperature is consistent with that of the phase change plate.

[0019] Further, it also includes an air path check valve and a micro air path pipeline. The gas generated by the decomposition of the pyrolysis material enters the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant balloon through the micro air path pipeline and the air path check valve.

[0020] The present invention also provides a transformation method for an amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, including the following steps:

[0021] After the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle separates from other floating vehicles or orbiting vehicles, it enters the high-altitude descent stage, uses free-fall motion and a deceleration disk to increase air resistance, lands on the surface of Venus, and conducts short-term landing surveys;

[0022] With the introduction of the surface temperature of Venus and the heat generated by the internal single machine during operation, the temperature of the phase change plate gradually rises and is introduced into the internal of the pyrolysis material storage cavity. When the decomposition temperature is reached, the pyrolysis material undergoes a decomposition reaction, generating a large amount of gas. The gas enters the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant balloon, increasing its volume and turning the survival vehicle from the landing state to the floating state;

[0023] In the floating state, Venus atmosphere detection and internal heat dissipation are completed. Subsequently, the gas in the balloon is gradually discharged by an active or passive exhaust method, and the height of the survival vehicle gradually decreases until it finally lands on the surface of Venus again, starting a new round of detection work.

[0024] Further, in the floating state, the relatively low temperature at high altitudes of Venus is utilized to cool the internal space.

[0025] Further, if the air pressure in the balloon is insufficient, an additional inflation device is carried to supplement the gas source.

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] The main body of the present invention is spherical and consists of two hemispheres, the lower hemisphere is connected to the landing bracket to ensure the landing attitude of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, and the upper hemisphere is connected to the deceleration disc to ensure the landing speed and angle of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle. Inside the sphere, there are various single machines for the normal operation and scientific exploration of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle. At the same time, there is also a high-temperature decomposition material, and the expected decomposition temperature is the limit temperature of the internal single machines. There is a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon on the side of the sphere, which is connected to the inside of the main body of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle and is connected to the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity. When landing, the balloon is in a deflated state. After the high-temperature decomposition material decomposes, a large amount of gas is generated to inflate it, and the air pressure can be supplemented by the internal gas cylinder. When the volume of the balloon increases and a certain buoyancy is caused, the lander can be floated to the high-altitude area. Conduct long-term high-altitude exploration, and at the same time use the relatively low temperature at high altitude on Venus to cool the internal space. After cooling and exploration are completed, release the gas to complete the slow re-landing of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, and conduct landing exploration and analysis on the Venus surface again to achieve the engineering and scientific goals of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the landing state of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the floating state of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the process state of landing-floating-landing of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle of the present invention.

[0031] Among them, the reference numerals are: upper spherical surface 1, lower spherical surface 2, upper heat insulation layer 3, lower heat insulation layer 4, landing bracket 5, deceleration disc 6, first phase change plate 7, second phase change plate 8, first single machine 9, second single machine 10, third single machine 11, fourth single machine 12, fifth single machine 13, high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14, high-temperature decomposition material 15, gas path check valve 16, high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17, micro gas path pipeline 18, sixth single machine 19, screw 20, sealing ring 21, nut 22. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] The present invention discloses an air-land amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, which mainly consists of six parts: an upper sphere, a lower sphere, internal devices, a deceleration disc, landing brackets, and floating balloons. During the design of the above-mentioned Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, a matching method for floating-landing and amphibious transformation on the Venus surface was proposed, and the design work was carried out in combination with engineering and environmental requirements.

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, to ensure the reliability of the structure under high-pressure environment, the main body shape of the air-land amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle of the present invention is designed as a sphere, which is composed of two hemispheres, an upper spherical surface 1 and a lower spherical surface 2. Titanium alloy can be used as the main material for the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2. The upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2 are connected and sealed by screwing, which is completed by screws 20 and nuts 22.

[0035] To ensure the tightness of the structure and avoid the leakage of heat and gas on the Venus surface into the interior of the sphere, a sealing ring 21 is provided between the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2. Inside the cavity formed by the two hemispheres of the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2, an upper heat-insulating layer 3 and a lower heat-insulating layer 4 are respectively arranged close to the inner spherical surface to isolate the heat conduction from the high-temperature environment on Venus to the interior of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle. Aerogel materials can be considered as the main materials for the upper heat-insulating layer 3 and the lower heat-insulating layer 4. The lower spherical surface 2 is connected to the landing brackets 5 to ensure the landing attitude of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, and the upper spherical surface 1 is connected to the deceleration disc 6 to ensure the landing speed and angle of the landing-floating long-life survival vehicle.

[0036] Inside the cavity formed by the two hemispheres of the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2, a first phase-change plate 7 and a second phase-change plate 8 are installed in the middle regions inside the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2 respectively through screwing as the mounting plates for internal single machines, which not only ensures the mounting surface but also can be used to absorb the heat generated by the internal single machines, effectively controlling the internal temperature of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle.

[0037] The internal single machines of the Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle include a first single machine 9, a second single machine 10, a third single machine 11, a fourth single machine 12, a fifth single machine 13, and a sixth single machine 19 according to functional requirements. The single machines include a computer (for data processing), a power supply (for power supply), an antenna (for signal transmission), a transponder (for antenna signal processing), a camera (for scientific exploration and observation), a spectrometer (for Venus atmosphere detection), etc.

[0038] Preferably, according to the internal space size of the spherical shell formed by the upper spherical surface 1 and the lower spherical surface 2, the fifth single unit 13 is installed on the upper surface of the second phase change plate 8, and the first single unit 9 and the sixth single unit 19 are installed upside down on the lower surface of the second phase change plate 8. A certain distance is maintained between the first single unit 9 and the sixth single unit 19. The first single unit 9, the fifth single unit 13 and the sixth single unit 19 are installed in a heat-conducting manner with the second phase change plate 8; the second single unit 10 and the fourth single unit 12 are installed on the upper surface of the first phase change plate 7, and the third single unit 11 is installed upside down on the lower surface of the first phase change plate 7. A certain distance is maintained between the second single unit 10 and the fourth single unit 12. The second single unit 10, the third single unit 11 and the fourth single unit 12 are installed in a heat-conducting manner with the first phase change plate 7. The above scheme is only a preferred scheme, and the number and layout of the single units can be adjusted according to actual needs later.

[0039] A high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14 is also installed on the second phase change plate 8. The high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14 is installed on the first phase change plate 7 with a heat-conducting material to ensure that the internal temperature of the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14 is consistent with that of the phase change plate 7. High-temperature decomposition material 15 is stored inside the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14. When the internal temperature of the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14 reaches a temperature that the single unit can hardly bear (such as 75 degrees Celsius), the high-temperature decomposition material 15 will undergo a decomposition reaction, generating a large amount of gas. The gas passes through the micro gas pipeline 18, through the gas path one-way valve 16, and enters the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17 to inflate it. If the air pressure is not enough, additional equipment such as high-pressure gas cylinders can be considered to be carried as a supplementary gas source.

[0040] Preferably, according to the temperature that the single unit can bear, the high-temperature decomposition material 15 can be sodium bicarbonate.

[0041] As Figure 2 shown, after a large amount of gas surges into the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17. Since the air pressure in the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17 is higher than the external environmental air pressure and the volume increases, taking advantage of the characteristics of the dense atmosphere on the surface of Venus, the Venus landing-floating long-life survival device can be changed from the landing state to the floating state.

[0042] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, the transformation method of the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle of the present invention for survival on the Venus surface is as follows: First, after the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle separates from other hovering vehicles or orbiting vehicles, it enters the high-altitude descent stage. Using free-fall motion, it decelerates through the dense Venus atmosphere and the deceleration disk 6 increases air resistance, and lands on the Venus surface for short-term landing surveys. As the temperature on the Venus surface is slowly introduced into the interior of the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle, and the internal single machines generate heat during operation, the temperatures of the first phase change plate 7 and the second phase change plate 8 for internal heat absorption and installation of single machines gradually increase, and the heat is introduced into the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity 14. When the decomposition temperature of the high-temperature decomposition material 15 is reached, the high-temperature decomposition material 15 will undergo a decomposition reaction, generating a large amount of gas. The gas passes through the micro gas path pipeline 18, through the gas path one-way valve 16, and enters the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17 to inflate it. If the air pressure is insufficient, additional equipment such as high-pressure gas cylinders can be considered to supplement the gas source. When a large amount of gas surges into the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17. Since the air pressure in the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17 is higher than the external environmental air pressure and the volume increases, taking advantage of the dense atmosphere on the Venus surface, the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle can be transformed from the landing state to the hovering state. In the hovering state, the main content of Venus atmosphere exploration is completed by the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle. In the relatively low-temperature environment at high altitude, the heat dissipation of the first phase change plate 7 and the second phase change plate 8 is completed, and the internal single machines return to the normal operating temperature. Subsequently, the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle can adopt an active or passive exhaust method to gradually discharge the gas in the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon 17, and at the same time, the altitude of the Venus landing-hovering long-life survival vehicle also gradually decreases, and finally it descends and lands on the Venus surface again to start a new round of exploration work on the Venus surface.

[0043] The main body of the present invention is designed as a sphere resistant to high pressure, which is composed of two semi-spherical bodies up and down, connected by bolts and the gaps are filled with sealing materials; each single machine is installed inside the sphere, and the inner wall of the sphere is provided with heat insulation materials and sealing materials to ensure that the internal single machines have as little heat exchange with the outside as possible. The specific names of the single machines are not specifically listed and described in the present invention. There is a separate storage cavity for high-temperature decomposition materials inside the sphere, which is used to store the decomposition materials and is connected through a one-way gas path valve and pipeline; the landing bracket and the deceleration disc are mainly used to ensure the landing speed and angle of the landing-floating long-life vehicle, and the specific structure is not described in detail; there is a high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant balloon on the side of the sphere, which is communicated with the inside of the main body of the landing-floating long-life vehicle and is connected to the high-temperature decomposition material storage cavity. When landing, the balloon is in a deflated state. After the high-temperature decomposition materials decompose, a large amount of gas is generated to inflate it, and the air pressure can be supplemented by an internal gas cylinder. When the volume of the balloon increases and a certain buoyancy is caused, the lander can be floated to the high-altitude area. Long-term high-altitude exploration is carried out, and at the same time, the relatively low temperature at high altitudes on Venus (the temperature at an altitude of 50 km on Venus can be as low as 20 °C) is used to cool the internal space. After cooling and exploration are completed, the gas is released to complete the slow re-landing of the Venus landing-floating long-life vehicle, and the Venus surface is explored and analyzed again for landing.

Claims

1. An amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device, characterized in that: include: The spherical body is formed by splicing an upper spherical surface and a lower spherical surface, and a sealing ring is arranged between the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface; An internal device, arranged inside the spherical body, comprises a heat insulation layer, a phase change plate and a single machine; A landing bracket, connected to the lower spherical surface, for ensuring a landing attitude; A deceleration disc, connected to the upper spherical surface, for ensuring the landing speed and angle; The high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant balloon is communicated with the interior of the spherical body and is connected to the high temperature decomposition material storage chamber. The high temperature decomposition material storage chamber stores high temperature decomposition material. When the high temperature decomposition material reaches its decomposition temperature, it decomposes to produce gas which fills the balloon, so that the survival device changes from a landing state to a floating state.

2. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface are made of titanium alloy as the main material, and the two are sealed by screw connection.

3. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner surfaces of the upper spherical surface and the lower spherical surface are provided with heat insulation layers, and the heat insulation layers are made of aerogel material.

4. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The phase change plate is used to absorb the heat generated by the internal unit and effectively control the internal temperature of the survival device.

5. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The single machine may include multiple ones according to functional requirements.

6. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high temperature decomposition material storage cavity is mounted on the phase change plate using a heat conductive material to ensure that the internal temperature thereof is consistent with that of the phase change plate.

7. The amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an air circuit one-way valve and a micro air circuit pipeline. The gas generated by the decomposition of the high-temperature decomposition material passes through the micro air circuit pipeline and the air circuit one-way valve into the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon.

8. A method for converting an amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Venus landing - After separating from other aerostats or orbiters, the long-life survival vehicle enters the high-altitude landing phase, using free fall motion and deceleration disks to increase air resistance, landing on the surface of Venus for a short landing survey; As the temperature of the Venus surface is introduced and the internal single unit is heated, the temperature of the phase change plate gradually rises and is introduced into the storage chamber of the high-temperature decomposition material. When the decomposition temperature is reached, the high-temperature decomposition material undergoes a decomposition reaction, generating a large amount of gas. The gas enters the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant balloon, increasing its volume and turning the survival device from a landing state to a floating state. While floating, it will complete the exploration of the Venus atmosphere and internal heat dissipation, and then use active or passive exhaust methods to gradually discharge the gas in the balloon. The height of the survival vehicle will gradually decrease, and finally land on the surface of Venus again to start a new round of exploration work.

9. The method for converting the amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle according to claim 8 is characterized in that: When floating, the relatively low temperature at high altitude on Venus is used to cool the internal space.

10. The method for converting the amphibious Venus landing-floating long-life survival vehicle according to claim 8 is characterized in that: If the balloon pressure is not enough, carry extra inflation equipment to replenish the air source.

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