Multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of urban planning drones, and more specifically, to a multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition. The drone comprises a drone body and a working module, the working module being disposed at the bottom of the drone body. The working module comprises a camera for aerial photography of ground images, a photosensitive module being integrated within the drone body, and a pair of symmetrically arranged light shielding components disposed on a side of the camera away from the drone body. The two light shielding components are each provided with a protective component at one end thereof that is close to each other. When the two light shielding components are close to each other, the light shielding components drive the protective component to deflect toward the optical center of the camera. The two close light shielding components and the two protective components are used to physically protect the camera. Simultaneously, the mirror surface of the lens body can restore the camera's field of view, which has been reduced due to being blocked by the light shielding components, and the mirror surface of the protective component can even out the light entering the camera.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban planning UAVs, and in particular to a multispectral remote sensing UAV based on urban recognition. Background Art

[0002] To investigate the impact of blue-green space on the urban thermal environment, the research followed a process of "spatial identification → impact mechanism analysis → regulatory mechanism analysis → planning strategy proposals." Spatial identification involves identifying urban land use types, such as residential land, industrial land, green space (green space), and urban lakes (blue space), using drone aerial imagery. The quality of aerial imagery directly impacts the final spatial identification results. During drone photography, the image quality of the camera lens is easily affected by environmental factors such as light intensity and airborne dust levels.

[0003] Currently, existing solutions to the problem of image quality being easily affected by environmental factors fall into two main categories: one involves attaching a fixed filter sleeve to the lens or directly replacing the lens with one that offers better imaging quality; the other involves installing an adjustable sunshade in front of the lens. However, in practical applications, these two solutions are prone to the following problems:

[0004] 1. While applying filters and changing lenses can achieve a certain degree of filtering, the intensity of light in real-world environments fluctuates constantly. When the light gets dim, applying filters to the lens will affect the image quality. Even after changing lenses, the filter range is fixed. If the actual light intensity fluctuates beyond the lens's filter range, the final image quality will still be affected.

[0005] 2. Although the adjustable sunshade can be adjusted via remote control to adjust the lens's shading area based on changes in real-world light intensity, the fact that the sunshade is movable and adjustable means that the lens is exposed during filming. This can easily damage the lens when the drone is photographing areas with high levels of dust and sand, such as construction sites and industrial emission sites. Furthermore, the sunshade reduces the lens's field of view, requiring more images to capture the same urban area.

[0006] In view of this, we propose a multispectral remote sensing drone based on urban recognition to improve the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition. Since the shading component is movable and adjustable, that is, the camera lens is exposed during the shooting process, when the drone body needs to shoot areas with high air dust content, such as construction sites and industrial emission sites, the dust in the air can easily hit the camera lens and cause damage to it. On the other hand, after the shading component covers the camera, its field of view becomes smaller. As a result, when shooting a certain urban area of ​​the same area, a larger number of images are required to complete the information collection, that is:

[0008] The camera's field of view is reduced due to the shading component blocking the camera lens.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition includes a drone body and a working module. The working module is arranged at the bottom of the drone body. The working module includes a camera for aerial ground photography. The drone body is internally integrated with a photosensitive module. The camera is provided with a pair of symmetrically arranged light shielding components on the side away from the drone body. The two light shielding components are each provided with a protective component on the end close to each other.

[0010] The photosensitive module adjusts the distance between the two light-shielding components based on the result of sensing the external light intensity; before using the drone body to take aerial photos of the ground, a light intensity threshold is preset. When the photosensitive module senses that the external light intensity exceeds this threshold, the photosensitive module activates the light-shielding component, so that the two light-shielding components are close to each other, blocking part of the camera, thereby preventing the camera from being overexposed.

[0011] The sides of the two protective components that are away from each other are roughened, and the sides of the two protective components that are close to each other are mirrored;

[0012] The two shading components are used to change the shading area of ​​the camera by adjusting the distance between them;

[0013] When the two shading components are close to each other, the shading components drive the protective component to deflect toward the optical center of the camera. The two shading components and the two protective components close to each other are used to physically protect the camera. The mirror surface of the protective component can restore the camera's field of view that has been reduced due to being blocked by the shading components, and the mirror surface of the protective component can even out the light entering the camera.

[0014] When the drone body needs to shoot areas with high air dust content, such as construction sites and industrial emission sites, the two sunshades approach each other (translationally approach), and the two protective components move closer to each other (rotationally approach). In other words, at this time, the distance between the two protective components gradually decreases from the end close to the lens to the end farthest from the lens (forming a V shape). When the drone body carries the camera through dusty areas, the two protective components can reduce the frequency of dust hitting the camera lens while ensuring the camera's aerial field of view, thereby providing physical protection for the camera and maintaining stable image quality.

[0015] A mounting base is provided below the drone body, and the camera is fixedly arranged on a side of the mounting base away from the drone body.

[0016] On this basis, the sun shading plate is slidably connected to the lens of the camera, and the sun shading plate is fixedly connected to a sliding rod on one side of the camera. The end of the sliding rod away from the sun shading plate is slidably connected to the lens body of the camera, and the sliding rod is provided with an electric push rod on the side away from the camera. The movable part of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the sliding rod, and the fixed part of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the mounting seat.

[0017] The shading plate has a plurality of serrated strips on the side close to the camera.

[0018] In the above technical solution, when the photosensitive module senses that the external light intensity exceeds a preset threshold, the electric push rod receives a start command from the photosensitive module, and the movable part of the electric push rod pushes the slide rod, which drives the light shielding plate to slide toward the direction close to the optical center of the camera. When the two light shielding plates are close to each other, they partially block the lens of the camera.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a guard plate is rotatably connected between the two limit bolts, a rotating rod is rotatably connected between the two limit bolts, and a plurality of gears are coaxially connected to the rotating rod along the axial direction, and each gear is engaged with a corresponding serrated bar.

[0020] The board body is provided with a plurality of air inlet slots on a side away from the optical center of the camera, and the board body is provided with an air outlet slot for connecting the plurality of air inlet slots with the outside, and the air inlet slots are distributed along the axial direction of the rotating rod.

[0021] In another technical solution, after the two sunshades are close to each other, although the sunshades can prevent the aerial images from being overexposed by blocking the camera, the camera's field of view will also become smaller (that is, the camera's field of view cone will be reduced). This means that when shooting the mutual area, more pictures need to be taken, which will undoubtedly increase the workload of the camera and the drone body.

[0022] As the two shading plates approach each other, the serrated bars on their tops drive the gears, which rotate on a rotating rod coaxially connected to the shield's pivot axis. This causes the shield to rotate around the rod toward the camera's optical center. The sides of the two plates that meet are mirrored, so the inner sides (the sides where the two plates meet) act as a reflector, allowing the camera to capture images of the area previously blocked by the shading plates. This ensures that the camera's field of view remains unchanged after the shading plates cover the camera.

[0023] When the wind from both sides of the guard plate blows towards the drone body, the wind will pass through multiple air inlet slots and then flow out of the air outlet slots along the axis of the rotating rod, thereby ensuring the stability of the drone body during aerial photography.

[0024] In the implementation of the above technical solution, the photosensitive element is used to receive light entering the camera and convert the received light into an electrical signal. The photosensitive element can be a photodiode, a photoresistor, or other component. When illuminated, the PN junction within the photodiode generates electron-hole pairs, forming a photocurrent. The magnitude of this photocurrent varies with the intensity of the incident light. In the absence of light, only a small dark current is generated. The resistance of a photoresistor varies with light intensity. The stronger the light, the smaller the resistance, and the greater the current in the circuit.

[0025] The signal processing unit is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element;

[0026] The comparator compares the electrical signal processed by the signal processing unit with a preset threshold value and outputs a control signal;

[0027] The driving circuit is used to convert the control signal output by the comparator into an electrical signal for driving the electric push rod.

[0028] The amplifier is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element. Since the electrical signal generated by the photosensitive element is usually weak, it is amplified to a suitable level by the amplifier so that it can be processed by subsequent circuits (filter circuit and analog-to-digital conversion circuit).

[0029] The filter circuit removes noise from the amplifier's output signal to improve signal stability and accuracy. The filter circuit compares the processed signal with a preset threshold. When the signal is above or below the threshold, the comparator outputs a corresponding logic level, which determines whether the light intensity is sufficient to trigger the actuator's movement and the required distance.

[0030] The analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the noise-removed electrical signal into a digital signal to facilitate interface and processing with other components of the drone body.

[0031] Based on the above description, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The sides of the two protection components that are away from each other are roughened, and the sides of the two protection components that are close to each other are mirrored; the two shading components are used to change the shading area of ​​the camera by adjusting the distance between them.

[0033] When the two shading components are close to each other, the shading components drive the protective component to deflect toward the optical center of the camera. The two shading components and the two protective components close to each other are used to physically protect the camera. At the same time, the mirror side of the lens body can restore the camera's field of view that has been reduced due to being blocked by the shading components, and the mirror surface of the protective component can even out the light entering the camera. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is an inverted diagram of the structure of the working module of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is an inverted diagram of the structure of the shading assembly of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is an inverted diagram of the structure of the protection component of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is a cutaway front view of the protection assembly of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a light path diagram of the light reflected from the guard plate of the present invention to the camera;

[0042] Figure 8 A cutaway perspective view of a guard plate according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the photosensitive module of the present invention.

[0044] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0045] 100. UAV body; 110. Mounting base; 120. Camera;

[0046] 200, shading assembly; 210, shading plate; 211, sawtooth bar; 220, slide bar; 230, electric push rod;

[0047] 300, protective assembly; 310, guard plate; 311, plate body; 312, air inlet slot; 313, air outlet slot; 320, limit bolt; 330, rotating rod; 340, gear;

[0048] 400, photosensitive module; 410, photosensitive element; 420, signal processing unit; 421, amplifier; 422, filter circuit; 423, analog-to-digital conversion circuit; 430, comparator; 440, drive circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Since the shading component 200 is movable and adjustable, that is, the lens of the camera 120 is exposed during the shooting process, when the drone body 100 needs to shoot areas with high air dust content such as construction sites and industrial emission sites, the dust in the air may hit the lens of the camera 120 and easily cause damage to it; on the other hand, after the shading component 200 covers the camera 120, its field of view will be reduced. Please refer to Figure 1-3 and Figure 7 As shown in Figure 2, when capturing a city area of ​​the same size, more images are required to complete information collection.

[0051] The present embodiment aims to provide a multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition, comprising a drone body 100 and a working module. The working module is disposed at the bottom of the drone body 100 and includes a camera 120 for aerial photography of ground images. A photosensitive module 400 is integrated within the drone body 100. The camera 120 is provided with a pair of symmetrically arranged light shielding components 200 on a side away from the drone body 100. The two light shielding components 200 are each provided with a protective component 300 at one end thereof that is close to each other.

[0052] The light sensing module 400 adjusts the distance between the two light shielding components 200 according to the result of sensing the external light intensity;

[0053] The sides of the two protective components 300 that are away from each other are roughened, and the sides of the two protective components 300 that are close to each other are mirrored.

[0054] The two shading components 200 are used to change the shading area of ​​the camera 120 by adjusting the distance between them;

[0055] When the two shading components 200 are close to each other, the shading components 200 drive the protective component 300 to deflect toward the optical center of the camera 120. The two shading components 200 and the two protective components 300 close to each other are used to physically protect the camera 120. The mirror surface of the protective component 300 can restore the field of view of the camera 120 that has been reduced due to being blocked by the shading components 200, and the mirror surface of the protective component 300 can even out the light entering the camera 120.

[0056] A mounting base 110 is provided below the drone body 100 , and a camera 120 is fixedly disposed on a side of the mounting base 110 away from the drone body 100 . The camera 120 includes a lens and a lens body.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the shading assembly 200 includes a shading plate 210 disposed on a side of the camera 120 away from the drone body 100 , and the shading plate 210 is slidably connected to the lens of the camera 120 .

[0058] Furthermore, the sun shading plate 210 is fixedly connected to a slide rod 220 on one side of the camera 120, and the end of the slide rod 220 away from the sun shading plate 210 is slidably connected to the lens body of the camera 120. The slide rod 220 is provided with an electric push rod 230 on the side away from the camera 120, and the movable part of the electric push rod 230 is fixedly connected to the slide rod 220, and the fixed part of the electric push rod 230 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 110.

[0059] Furthermore, the shading plate 210 is provided with a plurality of sawtooth strips 211 on a side close to the camera 120 .

[0060] It should be noted that photosensor 410 is responsible for sensing external light intensity. When the light intensity exceeds a preset threshold, the electrical signal generated by photosensor 410 changes accordingly. Signal processing unit 420 amplifies, filters, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the electrical signal before transmitting it to comparator 430. Comparator 430 compares the processed signal with the preset threshold and, upon confirming that the light intensity exceeds the threshold, issues a start command to electric actuator 230.

[0061] When the electric push rod 230 receives the start command, its internal drive motor begins to operate. The drive motor's speed is reduced by a reduction gear train, while simultaneously increasing torque. The reduced power is then transmitted to the lead screw nut, converting the drive motor's rotational motion into linear motion of the active portion of the electric push rod 230.

[0062] When the slide bar 220 is pushed by the movable part of the electric push rod 230, it will slide along the set track. Since the light shielding plate 210 is installed on the slide bar 220, the sliding of the slide bar 220 drives the light shielding plate 210 to move in the direction close to the optical center of the camera 120.

[0063] Driven by the slide bar 220, the two shading plates 210 gradually approach each other. As the distance between the shading plates 210 decreases, the light entering the lens of the camera 120 is partially blocked, thereby reducing the amount of light reaching the imaging element, achieving control of excessive light, protecting the imaging element and optimizing image quality.

[0064] Because the visor 210 is movable and adjustable, the lens of the camera 120 is exposed during filming. When the drone 100 needs to capture areas with high levels of dust and sand, such as construction sites and industrial wastelands, the dust in the air can easily damage the lens of the camera 120 by impacting it. Furthermore, the visor 210, when covering the camera 120, reduces its field of view. This results in a larger number of images required to capture the same urban area.

[0065] Based on the above description, the following Figure 5-Figure 7 To explain the preferred effect of the protection component 300, the protection component 300 includes a pair of limit bolts 320 arranged on both sides away from the camera 120. The two limit bolts 320 are fixedly connected to the lens body of the camera 120. A guard plate 310 is rotatably connected between the two limit bolts 320, and the guard plate 310 includes at least a plate body 311.

[0066] Furthermore, a rotating rod 330 is rotatably connected between the two limiting bolts 320 , and a plurality of gears 340 are coaxially connected to the rotating rod 330 along the axial direction, and each gear 340 is meshed with a corresponding sawtooth bar 211 .

[0067] The plate body 311 is provided with a plurality of air inlet slots 312 on a side away from the optical center of the camera 120 , and an air outlet slot 313 is provided inside the plate body 311 for connecting the plurality of air inlet slots 312 with the outside. The air inlet slots 312 are distributed along the axial direction of the rotating rod 330 .

[0068] That is, as the two visors 210 approach each other, the serrated bars 211 on the tops of the visors 210 mesh with the gear 340. As the visors 210 move, the serrated bars 211 drive the gear 340 to rotate. Because the rotating rod 330, on which the gear 340 resides, is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the guard plate 310, the rotation of the gear 340 is transmitted to the rotating rod 330, which in turn drives the guard plate 310 to rotate around the rotating rod 330.

[0069] The guard plate 310 rotates around the rotating rod 330 in the direction close to the optical center of the camera 120, and the sides of the two sunshades 210 that are close to each other are mirrored to form a reflector. When light hits the reflector on the inside of the plate body 311, reflection occurs. The light that would originally be blocked by the sunshade 210 and unable to enter the camera 120 changes its propagation direction after being reflected by the reflector, and is able to enter the camera 120, so that the camera 120 can capture the image of the position originally blocked by the sunshade 210. In this way, when the sunshade 210 blocks part of the lens of the camera 120, the reflection of the light by the reflector compensates for the field of view of the blocked part, thereby ensuring that the field of view of the camera 120 will not become smaller, avoiding the problem of increased workload of the camera 120 and the drone body 100 caused by the need to take more pictures due to the smaller field of view.

[0070] The reflector on the inside of the plate body 311 is not an absolutely smooth ideal mirror surface, and the light will be scattered to a certain extent during the reflection process. The surface microstructure of the reflector will cause the light to reflect in different directions. The originally concentrated strong light will become more dispersed under the effect of scattering, thereby making the light more evenly distributed in space. The guard plate 310 around the lens of the camera 120 forms a relatively closed space, and the light will experience multiple reflections in this space. When the light hits the reflector, part of the light is directly reflected into the lens of the camera 120, and the other part of the light will be reflected again on the surface of the sunshade 210 and other surrounding objects. After multiple reflections, the propagation path of the light becomes complex and diverse, and light of different directions and intensities mix with each other, further promoting the uniform distribution of light.

[0071] Although the interior of the panel 311 is mirrored, it will still exhibit some diffuse reflection properties in practice. Diffuse reflection evenly scatters light in all directions. Just like in an indoor environment, after multiple diffuse reflections from objects like walls and ceilings, the illumination throughout the space becomes more uniform. This diffuse reflection effect helps disperse concentrated light into different angles, making the light entering the camera 120 more uniform in both intensity and direction, resulting in a more evenly distributed light distribution in the captured image.

[0072] Please continue reading Figure 7When the shading plate 210 does not block the lens of the camera 120, the field of view of the camera 120 is the cone AB1B2, and the projection of its maximum field of view is the circle OB1B2. When the two shading plates 210 are close to each other and block part of the lens of the camera 120, the field of view of the camera 120 becomes the cone AC1C2, and the projection of its maximum field of view is the circle OC1C2. In other words, the area where the difference between the circle OC1C2 and the circle OB1B2 is located cannot be captured by the lens of the camera 120. However, after being reflected by the reflector on the inner side of the guard plate 310, the light in the area where the difference between the circle OC1C2 and the circle OB1B2 is located can be transmitted to the camera 120 (i.e. Figure 7 ), the inner mirror-finished guard plate 310 can restore the original field of view of the camera 120.

[0073] Further, see Figure 8 As shown, the photosensitive module 400 includes a photosensitive element 410, a signal processing unit 420, a comparator 430 and a driving circuit 440;

[0074] Photosensitive element 410 is used to receive light entering camera 120 and convert the received light into an electrical signal. Photosensitive element 410 can be a photodiode, photoresistor, or other component. When illuminated, a photodiode's internal PN junction generates electron-hole pairs, forming a photocurrent. The magnitude of this photocurrent varies with the intensity of the incident light. In the absence of light, only a small dark current is generated. The resistance of a photoresistor changes with light intensity. Stronger light results in a smaller resistance, and a greater current flows in the circuit.

[0075] The signal processing unit 420 is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element 410;

[0076] The comparator 430 compares the electrical signal processed by the signal processing unit 420 with a preset threshold value and outputs a control signal;

[0077] The driving circuit 440 is used to convert the control signal output by the comparator 430 into an electrical signal for driving the electric push rod 230 .

[0078] It should be disclosed that the signal processing unit 420 includes an amplifier 421, a filter circuit 422 and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 423;

[0079] The amplifier 421 is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element 410. Since the electrical signal generated by the photosensitive element 410 is usually weak, it is amplified to a suitable level by the amplifier 421 so that it can be processed by the subsequent circuits (filter circuit 422 and analog-to-digital conversion circuit 423).

[0080] The filter circuit 422 is used to remove noise from the output electrical signal of the amplifier 421;

[0081] The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 423 converts the noise-removed electrical signal into a digital signal.

[0082] In summary, the working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0083] Before using the drone body 100 to take aerial photos of the ground, a light intensity threshold is preset. When the photosensitive element 410 senses that the external light intensity exceeds this threshold, the drive circuit 440 activates the electric push rod 230, causing the two light shielding plates 210 to move closer to each other, blocking a portion of the camera 120 lens, thereby preventing the camera 120 from being overexposed.

[0084] As the two shading plates 210 approach each other, the serrated bars 211 on their tops drive the gear 340 to rotate. The rotating rod 330, on which the gear 340 is mounted, is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating axis of the guard plate 310, causing the guard plate 310 to rotate about the rotating rod 330 toward the optical center of the camera 120. The sides of the two plates 311 that approach each other are mirrored. This allows the inner surfaces of the plates 311 to reflect light, allowing the camera 120 to capture images of the area originally blocked by the shading plates 210 (the area where the difference between circles OC1C2 and OB1B2 lies). This ensures that the camera 120's field of view does not decrease after the shading plates 210 block the camera 120.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition, comprising a drone body (100) and a working module, wherein the working module is arranged at the bottom of the drone body (100), the working module comprises a camera (120) for aerial photography of ground images, and a photosensitive module (400) is integrated inside the drone body (100), characterized in that: The camera (120) is provided with a pair of symmetrically arranged light shielding components (200) on a side away from the drone body (100), and a protective component (300) is provided on each of the two light shielding components (200) at ends close to each other; The light sensing module (400) adjusts the distance between the two light shielding components (200) according to the result of sensing the external light intensity; The sides of the two protection components (300) that are away from each other are subjected to roughening treatment, and the sides of the two protection components (300) that are close to each other are subjected to mirror treatment; The two shading components (200) are used to change the shading area of ​​the camera (120) by adjusting the distance between them; When the two shading components (200) are close to each other, the shading components (200) drive the protection component (300) to deflect toward the optical center of the camera (120). The two shading components (200) and the two protection components (300) that are close to each other are used to physically protect the camera (120). The mirror surface of the protection component (300) can restore the visual field of the camera (120) that is reduced due to being blocked by the shading components (200), and the mirror surface of the protection component (300) can even out the light entering the camera (120).

2. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting seat (110) is provided below the drone body (100), and the camera (120) is fixedly arranged on a side of the mounting seat (110) away from the drone body (100). The camera (120) comprises a lens and a lens body.

3. The multispectral remote sensing drone based on city recognition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shading assembly (200) comprises a shading plate (210) arranged on a side of the camera (120) away from the drone body (100), and the shading plate (210) is slidably connected to the lens of the camera (120).

4. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light shielding plate (210) is fixedly connected to a slide bar (220) on one side of the camera (120); an end of the slide bar (220) away from the light shielding plate (210) is slidably connected to the lens body of the camera (120); an electric push rod (230) is provided on the side of the slide bar (220) away from the camera (120); a movable portion of the electric push rod (230) is fixedly connected to the slide bar (220), and a fixed portion of the electric push rod (230) is fixedly connected to the mounting seat (110).

5. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light shielding plate (210) is provided with a plurality of sawtooth strips (211) on a side close to the camera (120).

6. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protection assembly (300) comprises a pair of limit bolts (320) arranged on two sides away from each other of the camera (120), the two limit bolts (320) are fixedly connected to the lens body of the camera (120), and a guard plate (310) is rotatably connected between the two limit bolts (320), and the guard plate (310) at least comprises a plate body (311).

7. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rotating rod (330) is rotatably connected between the two limiting bolts (320), and a plurality of gears (340) are coaxially connected to the rotating rod (330) along the axial direction, and each gear (340) is meshed with a corresponding sawtooth bar (211).

8. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plate body (311) is provided with a plurality of air inlet slots (312) on a side away from the optical center of the camera (120), and an air outlet slot (313) for connecting the plurality of air inlet slots (312) and the outside is provided inside the plate body (311), and the air inlet slots (312) are distributed along the axial direction of the rotating rod (330).

9. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photosensitive module (400) includes a photosensitive element (410), a signal processing unit (420), a comparator (430) and a driving circuit (440); The photosensitive element (410) is used to receive light entering the camera (120) and convert the received light into an electrical signal; The signal processing unit (420) is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element (410); The comparator (430) compares the electrical signal processed by the signal processing unit (420) with a preset threshold value and outputs a control signal; The driving circuit (440) is used to convert the control signal output by the comparator (430) into an electrical signal for driving the electric push rod (230).

10. The multispectral remote sensing UAV based on city recognition according to claim 9, characterized in that: The signal processing unit (420) includes an amplifier (421), a filter circuit (422) and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit (423); The amplifier (421) is used to amplify the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element (410); The filter circuit (422) is used to remove noise from the output electrical signal of the amplifier (421); The analog-to-digital conversion circuit (423) converts the noise-removed electrical signal into a digital signal.

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