Ternary positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a ternary positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method of the ternary positive electrode material comprises the following steps that 1, a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and a lithium source are mixed according to the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn = x: a: z: c and then subjected to first-time calcination, and a first-time sintered material is obtained; (2) a lithium source and a cobalt source are supplemented on the basis of the primary sintered material, so that the total molar ratio of Li to Ni to Co to Mn is y: a: b: c, a fluxing agent is added, mixing is performed, secondary calcination is performed, a secondary sintered material is obtained, 0.5 < = a < = 0.95, 0.01 < = b < = 0.3, 0.03 < = c < = 0.3, 0.8 < = x < = 1.15, 0 < = z < = 0.3, 1.0 < = y < = 1.5, z < = b, and x < = y; and (3) mixing the coating additive with the secondary sintered material, and performing third calcination to obtain the ternary positive electrode material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a ternary cathode material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most popular cathode materials today, the ternary cathode material is favored by the public due to its characteristics of high energy density, long cycle life, high power, and low pollution. The existing preparation process of the ternary cathode material uses nickel-cobalt-manganese metal oxide as the raw material. However, in the actual preparation process, there will be problems such as uneven distribution of nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium elements in the prepared ternary cathode material due to the too large particle size difference between the main raw materials of nickel-cobalt-manganese and the lithium source, as well as low capacity or poor cycle performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. For this purpose, the present invention provides a ternary cathode material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The ternary cathode material prepared by this preparation method is comparable in performance to the ternary cathode material synthesized by the normal precursor, and the obtained cathode material has good electrochemical performance.

[0004] The above technical object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, and a lithium source according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = x:a:z:c, and then performing a first calcination to obtain a primary sintered material; (2) Supplementing the lithium source and the cobalt source on the basis of the primary sintered material to make the total molar ratio Li:Ni:Co:Mn = y:a:b:c, and adding a flux, and then mixing and performing a second calcination to obtain a secondary sintered material, where 0.5 ≤ a ≤ 0.95, 0.01 ≤ b ≤ 0.3, 0.03 ≤ c ≤ 0.3, 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.15, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.3, 1.0 ≤ y ≤ 1.5, z ≤ b, x ≤ y; (3) Mixing a coating additive with the secondary sintered material and then performing a third calcination to obtain the ternary cathode material.

[0005] In one embodiment, the average particle size of the nickel source is 0.001 - 4 μm, the average particle size of the cobalt source is 0.001 - 4 μm, and the average particle size of the manganese source is 0.1 - 5 μm.

[0006] In one embodiment, the average particle size of the nickel source is 0.003 - 3 μm, the average particle size of the cobalt source is 0.01 - 3.5 μm, and the average particle size of the manganese source is 0.2 - 4 μm.

[0007] In one embodiment, the nickel source includes Ni, Ni(OH) 2 , NiO, NiO2 , Ni 2 O 3 , Ni 3 O 4 and at least one of nickel alloys.

[0008] In one embodiment, the cobalt source includes Co, Co(OH) 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 and at least one of CoOOH and cobalt alloys.

[0009] In one embodiment, the manganese source includes Mn, MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 and at least one of manganese alloys.

[0010] In one embodiment, the lithium source includes Li 2 O, Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH 2 ·H 2 O and LiC 2 H 3 O 2 among others.

[0011] In one embodiment, the atmosphere of the first calcination is an aerobic atmosphere, the temperature of the first calcination is 300 - 750 °C, and the time of the first calcination is 3 - 8 h.

[0012] In one embodiment, the flux includes SrO, SrCO 3 , LiF, Li 2 SO 4 , BaO, Ba(OH) 2 and BaCO 3 among others.

[0013] In one embodiment, the addition amount of the flux is 0.05 wt% - 0.5 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material.

[0014] In one embodiment, the atmosphere of the second calcination is an aerobic atmosphere, the temperature of the second calcination is 800 - 1000 °C, and the time of the second calcination is 10 - 16 h.

[0015] In one embodiment, the coating additive includes Al 2 O 3 , Al(OH) 3 , TiO2 , Co 3 O 4 , Co(OH) 2 , CoOOH, WO 3 , H 2 WO 4 , H 3 BO 3 and B 2 O 3 and at least one of them.

[0016] In one embodiment, the addition amount of the coated additive is 0.05 wt% - 1.0 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintered material.

[0017] In one embodiment, the atmosphere of the third calcination is an aerobic atmosphere, the temperature of the third calcination is 300 - 700 °C, and the time of the third calcination is 4 - 8 h.

[0018] A ternary cathode material is prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0019] A lithium ion battery includes the ternary cathode material described above or the ternary cathode material prepared by the preparation method described above.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) In the process of the present invention, specific particle size and types of nickel source, cobalt source and manganese source are selected as the main raw materials, which can effectively improve the uniformity of the first mixing, optimize the distribution of the main elements of nickel, cobalt and manganese in lithium, and abandon the synthesis process of the mainstream nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in the market, simplify the synthesis process of the ternary cathode material, reduce the raw material cost, reduce the waste gas emission, and at the same time save the wastewater treatment cost;

[0022] (2) In the process of the present invention, the phase transformation degree in the ternary synthesis is regulated by controlling the addition conditions of the lithium source and the cobalt source, so that the spinel phase structure can be reversed into the ternary active layered structure. The secondary lithium-cobaltization phase transformation process homogenizes the nickel, cobalt and manganese in lithium elements, reduces the stratification phenomenon of the main elements, and at the same time combines with the flux doping to further optimize the stability of the layered structure inside the single crystal. Finally, the specific capacity, rate performance and cycle performance of the cathode material obtained by the present invention are superior to the samples synthesized by the normal co-precipitation ternary process;

[0023] (3) The ternary cathode material after the phase transformation sintering treatment in the process of the present invention has more rounded single crystal particles compared with the samples obtained by the normal precursor process, and the powder compaction density is also significantly improved. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is the morphology diagram of the first sintered material in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is the morphology diagram of the secondary sintered material in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is the morphology diagram of the primary sintered material in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) Take NiO with an average particle size of 1.5 μm, Co 3 O 4 with an average particle size of 1.1 μm, MnO 2 with an average particle size of 2.1 μm, and Li 2 CO 3 for batching according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn of 1.05:0.5:0.15:0.3, and perform a primary mixing in a high-speed mixer. After the mixture is evenly mixed, keep the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 750 °C in an air atmosphere for 6 h, and obtain a primary sintered material after cooling;

[0031] (2) On the basis of the primary sintered material, supplement LiOH·H 2 O and Co 3 O 4 with an average particle size of 0.05 μm to make the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.15:0.5:0.2:0.3. At the same time, assist in adding a flux SrO, and its addition amount is 0.1 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material, and perform a secondary high-speed mixing. After the materials in the high-speed mixer are evenly mixed, keep the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 960 °C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 h, and perform air flow pulverization on the materials after cooling to obtain a secondary sintered material;

[0032] (3) Add the coating additive Al 2 O 3 to the secondary sintered material, and its addition amount is 0.2 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintered material. After mixing evenly in a high-speed mixer, keep the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 550 °C in an air atmosphere for 5 h, and obtain the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 )O 2 .

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Take Ni with an average particle size of 0.9 μm, Co with an average particle size of 0.5 μm 3 O 4 , Mn with an average particle size of 0.8 μm 3 O 4 and Li 2 CO 3 Mix them according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn of 0.9:0.65:0.05:0.2, and conduct primary mixing in a high-speed mixer. After the mixture is evenly mixed, keep the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 400 °C in an air atmosphere for 8 h, and obtain a primary sintered material after cooling;

[0036] (2) On the basis of the primary sintered material, supplement Li 2 O and Co(OH) with an average particle size of 0.03 μm 2 , so that the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.10:0.65:0.15:0.2. At the same time, assist in adding a flux BaO, and its addition amount is 0.15 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material, and conduct secondary high-speed mixing. After the materials in the high-speed mixer are evenly mixed, keep the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 920 °C in an oxygen atmosphere for 16 h, and conduct air flow pulverization after the materials are cooled to obtain a secondary sintered material;

[0037] (3) Add the coating additive TiO 2 to the secondary sintered material, and its addition amount is 0.3 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintered material. After mixing evenly in a high-speed mixer, sinter the mixture in a roller hearth furnace at 450 °C in an air atmosphere for 6 h. After cooling, sieving, and iron removal treatment, obtain the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.65 Co 0.15 Mn 0.2 )O 2 .

[0038] Example 3:

[0039] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) Take NiO with an average particle size of 0.5 μm, Co with an average particle size of 3.5 μm 3 O 4 , Mn with an average particle size of 3.0 μm 3 O 4 and LiOH·H 2Ingredients are proportioned according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn of 1.01:0.85:0.03:0.1, and primary mixing is carried out in a high-speed mixer. After the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixed material is kept warm in a roller hearth furnace at 400 °C for 8 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, the primary sintered material is obtained. The morphology diagram of the primary sintered material is as shown in Figure 1 shown;

[0041] (2) On the basis of the primary sintered material, LiOH·H 2 O and Co with an average particle size of 0.1 μm are supplemented 3 O 4 to make the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.05:0.85:0.05:0.10. At the same time, a flux SrCO 3 is added as an auxiliary, and its addition amount is 0.2 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material. Secondary high-speed mixing is carried out. After the materials in the high-speed mixer are evenly mixed, the mixed material is kept warm in a roller hearth furnace at 850 °C for 12 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After the materials are cooled, air-flow crushing is carried out to obtain the secondary sintered material. The morphology diagram of the secondary sintered material is as shown in Figure 2 shown;

[0042] (3) The coating additive H 3 BO 3 is added to the secondary sintered material, and its addition amount is 0.1 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintered material. After being evenly mixed in a high-speed mixer, the mixed material is sintered in a roller hearth furnace at 300 °C for 8 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, sieving and iron removal treatment, the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.85 Co 0.05 Mn 0.1 )O 2 is obtained.

[0043] Example 4:

[0044] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Take Ni with an average particle size of 2.4 μm 2 O 3 , Mn with an average particle size of 2.8 μm 3 O 4 and Li 2 O. Ingredients are proportioned according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Mn of 1.04:0.95:0.03, and primary mixing is carried out in a high-speed mixer. After the mixture is evenly mixed, the mixed material is kept warm in a roller hearth furnace at 550 °C for 7 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, the primary sintered material is obtained;

[0046] (2) On the basis of the primary sintered material, LiOH·H 2O and CoOOH with an average particle size of 0.04 μm are used to make the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.08:0.95:0.02:0.03. At the same time, a flux BaCO is added as an auxiliary. 3 Its addition amount is 0.16 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material. Then, secondary high-speed mixing is carried out. After the materials in the high-speed mixer are evenly mixed, the mixed materials are kept warm in a roller hearth kiln at 805 °C for 14 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After the materials are cooled, airflow pulverization is carried out to obtain the secondary sintered material;

[0047] (3) Add the coating additive B 2 O 3 to the secondary sintered material. Its addition amount is 0.21 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintered material. After mixing evenly in a high-speed mixer, the mixed materials are sintered in a roller hearth kiln at 350 °C for 6 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, sieving, and iron removal treatment, the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.95 Co 0.02 Mn 0.03 )O 2 is obtained.

[0048] Example 5:

[0049] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Take a nickel-cobalt alloy with an average particle size of 0.01 μm, Co with an average particle size of 1.5 μm 3 O 4 , Mn with an average particle size of 0.2 μm 3 O 4 and LiOH·H 2 O are proportioned according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn of 1.0:0.75:0.06:0.18, and primary mixing is carried out in a high-speed mixer. After mixing evenly, the mixed materials are kept warm in a roller hearth kiln at 480 °C for 5 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, the primary sintered material is obtained;

[0051] (2) On the basis of the primary sintered material, Li 2 O and Co(OH) with an average particle size of 0.1 μm are added 2 to make the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.04:0.75:0.07:0.18. At the same time, a flux LiF is added as an auxiliary. Its addition amount is 0.08 wt% of the weight of the primary sintered material. Secondary high-speed mixing is carried out. After the materials in the high-speed mixer are evenly mixed, the mixed materials are kept warm in a roller hearth kiln at 885 °C for 13 h under an oxygen atmosphere. After the materials are cooled, airflow pulverization is carried out to obtain the secondary sintered material;

[0052] (3) Add the coating additive Co(OH)2 and WO 3 is added to the secondary sintering material to coat the additive Co(OH) 2 The addition amount is 1.0 wt% of the weight of the secondary sintering material, and the coating additive WO 3 The addition amount is 0.05% of the weight of the secondary sintering material. After mixing evenly in a high-speed mixer, the mixed material is sintered in a roller hearth furnace at 520 °C for 7 h in an air atmosphere. After cooling, sieving, and iron removal treatment, the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.75 Co 0.07 Mn 0.18 )O 2 is obtained.

[0053] Comparative Example 1: (The difference from Example 3 is that the nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide raw material is replaced with a ternary precursor for sintering)

[0054] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Take Ni 0.85 Co 0.05 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 and LiOH·H 2 O and proportion them according to the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn of 1.05:0.85:0.05:0.1, and add 0.2 wt% of the flux SrCO 3 based on the weight of the precursor. Conduct a primary mixing in a high-speed mixer. After mixing evenly, then conduct heat preservation in a roller hearth furnace at 850 °C for 12 h under oxygen. Then, the material after the first sintering is pulverized by air flow to obtain a primary sintering material. The morphology diagram of the primary sintering material is as Figure 3 shown;

[0056] (2) Add the coating additive H 3 BO 3 to the primary sintering material, and its addition amount is 0.1 wt% of the weight of the primary sintering material. After mixing evenly in a high-speed mixer, the mixed material is sintered in a roller hearth furnace at 300 °C for 8 h in an oxygen atmosphere. After cooling, sieving, and iron removal treatment, the ternary cathode material Li(Ni 0.85 Co 0.05 Mn 0.1 )O 2 is obtained.

[0057] Comparative Example 2:

[0058] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, the difference from Example 3 is that the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn in step (1) is changed to 0.8:0.85:0.05:0.1; in step (2), LiOH·H 2O, such that the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.05:0.85:0.05:0.10, that is, only the lithium source is supplemented in step (2), and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0059] Comparative Example 3:

[0060] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, which is different from Example 3 in that the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Mn in step (1) is changed to 1.05:0.85:0.1, and no cobalt source is added; in step (2), Co with an average particle size of 0.1 μm is supplemented on the basis of the primary sintered material 3 O 4 so that the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn = 1.05:0.85:0.05:0.10, that is, only the cobalt source is supplemented in step (2), and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0061] Comparative Example 4:

[0062] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, which is different from Example 3 in that the molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn in step (1) is changed to 1.05:0.85:0.05:0.1; in step (2), LiOH·H 2 O and Co 3 O 4 are not added, that is, neither the lithium source nor the cobalt source is supplemented, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0063] Comparative Example 5:

[0064] A preparation method of a ternary cathode material, which is different from Example 3 only in that no flux SrCO 3 is added in step (2), and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0065] Test Example:

[0066] The ternary cathode materials, conductive agent Super-P and binder PVDF obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were mixed according to a mass ratio of 95:2.5:2.5, and N-methylpyrrolidone NMP was used as a solvent to prepare a slurry with a solid content of 35%. Then it was coated on a metal aluminum foil. The anode was selected as graphite, and the N / P value was designed according to 1.08. A CR2032 coin-type full cell was assembled, and the specific capacity and cycle performance were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0067] Table 1. Test results of battery performance

[0068]

[0069] Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that for the ternary cathode material prepared in the examples of the present invention, compared with the ternary cathode samples prepared by conventional methods on the market, the discharge specific capacity in the range of 2.8 - 4.3V is 213.5 and 211.3 mAh / g respectively, and the capacity retention rates after 100 cycles at 45°C and 1C are 90.5% and 88.7% respectively. This is because in the optimized phase transformation scheme of the present invention, while solving the uniformity of the main element distribution, it makes it easier for the doped elements to directly enter the single crystal particle lattice through direct contact of each component. At the same time, due to the sintering effect after the second-stage lithium and cobalt supplementation and the addition of doping fluxes, the roundness and structural stability of the obtained ternary single crystal particles are better after secondary energy acquisition, and the electrical properties of the cathode material are further improved. For the conventional precursor process, there is no sintering process of the second-stage lithium and cobalt supplementation and flux doping. The doped elements need to penetrate into the inside and outside of the precursor at high temperature, which will result in uneven relative doping inside and outside, and the doping uniformity and structural stability of the obtained single crystal particles are not as good as those of the single crystal obtained by this scheme, thus affecting the improvement of the electrical properties of the cathode material. Comparing Comparative Examples 2 - 4 with Example 3, changing the addition amount, addition timing and addition order of the main Li and Co elements will result in differences in the synthesized phases, leading to the formation of impurity phases, which will have different effects on the capacity, rate and cycle of the ternary cathode material. From the results of the cycle capacity retention rate and the specific capacity at 0.33C, the material structural stability and rate performance of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 are better than those of Comparative Example 1. However, in Comparative Example 3, due to the lack of uniform and sufficient lithium source assistance in the secondary sintering, it is difficult for the Co source to be evenly sintered into the single crystal interior, resulting in the worst specific capacity, layered structure stability and powder compaction performance of the cathode material.

[0070] Taking the process samples and finished product samples in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 for SEM testing, it is found that: the primary sintered material in Example 3 has an obvious octahedral spinel phase structure morphology (as Figure 1 shown), indicating that by regulating the addition amount and addition order of the main elements, it is possible to effectively regulate the proportion of the ternary layered structure phase and the spinel phase in the synthesis process. And after high-temperature lithium and cobalt supplementation and sintering, the spinel phase structure in the process can be completely reversed into a relatively round ternary layered structure due to obtaining high-temperature energy, as Figure 2 shown. Comparing Figure 2 and Figure 3 it can be seen that the synthesized single crystal in the process of the present invention has better roundness of morphology ( Figure 2 ), and the difference in the size of particles is more obvious, which is beneficial to improving the powder compaction density of the material.

[0071] In addition, compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 5 does not have the auxiliary fluxing effect of the flux. Although it has little effect on the specific capacity of the obtained cathode material, it can be seen from the cycle results that the stability of its layered structure becomes worse, which will also affect the roundness of the particles, thus affecting the compaction performance of the material powder.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and a lithium source according to a molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn=x:a:z:c and then calcining for the first time to obtain a primary sintered material; (2) adding a lithium source and a cobalt source to the primary sintered material so that the total molar ratio of Li:Ni:Co:Mn=y:a:b:c, adding a flux, mixing and calcining for the second time to obtain a secondary sintered material, wherein 0.5≤a≤0.95, 0.01≤b≤0.3, 0.03≤c≤0.3, 0.8≤x≤1.15, 0≤z≤0.3, 1.0≤y≤1.5, z≤b, x≤y; (3) The coating additive is mixed with the secondary sintered material and then calcined for a third time to obtain the ternary positive electrode material.

2. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the nickel source particles is 0.001-4 μm, the average particle size of the cobalt source particles is 0.001-4 μm, and the average particle size of the manganese source particles is 0.1-5 μm.

3. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atmosphere of the first calcination is an oxygen atmosphere, the temperature of the first calcination is 300-750° C., and the time of the first calcination is 3-8 hours.

4. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flux includes at least one of SrO, SrCO3, LiF, Li2SO4, BaO, Ba(OH)2 and BaCO3.

5. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the flux is 0.05wt%-0.5wt% of the weight of the primary sintering material.

6. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atmosphere of the second calcination is an oxygen atmosphere, the temperature of the second calcination is 800-1000° C., and the time of the second calcination is 10-16 hours.

7. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating additive includes at least one of Al2O3, Al(OH)3, TiO2, Co3O4, Co(OH)2, CoOOH, WO3, H2WO4, H3BO3 and B2O3.

8. The method for preparing a ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atmosphere of the third calcination is an oxygen atmosphere, the temperature of the third calcination is 300-700° C., and the time of the third calcination is 4-8 hours.

9. A ternary positive electrode material, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that: The invention comprises the ternary positive electrode material according to claim 9 or the ternary positive electrode material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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