Shear thickening gel flexible covering yarn as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn and a preparation method and application thereof.The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn comprises a core layer, a film layer and a functional layer, the core layer is coated with the film layer, the film layer is coated with the functional layer, the core layer comprises at least one reel structure, the reel structure is of a Fermat reel structure or an Archimedes reel structure, and the functional layer is arranged between the film layer and the functional layer. The functional layer comprises fibers; the layered structure comprises a first film and a gel layer covering one surface of the first film, and the gel layer is shear thickening gel; the film layer includes a second film. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn has the impact-resistant functions of being soft, breathable and durable in leakage prevention, and the technical limitation that in the prior art, shear thickening gel is directly soaked in fabric or coated on the surface of the fabric, so that the impact-resistant fabric is hard, inflexible and uncomfortable, and the thermal and wet comfort of the fabric is affected when the fabric is worn is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of textiles, and specifically relates to a shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The impact phenomenon is one of the most common phenomena in the field of structural protection engineering. Due to the widespread existence of impact damage, the design of safety protection materials is becoming increasingly important. Due to its excellent impact resistance and buffering performance, shear thickening gel has attracted more and more attention in the markets such as sports protection, shock absorption, military and police protection, and industrial protection. The hardening mechanism of shear thickening gel can be attributed to the disordered fracture and recombination of internal B-O bonds. Under low strain rate stimulation, the movement scale of molecular chains is relatively large, and B-O bonds have enough time to be broken. The damping caused by molecular chain entanglement is the main obstacle to molecular deformation, showing a viscous characteristic with fluidity at the macroscopic scale. When the shear thickening gel is stimulated by a high strain rate, the molecular chains inside the shear thickening gel do not have enough time to adjust themselves, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in the storage modulus, showing the characteristics of a glass state at the macroscopic scale. Therefore, when the shear thickening gel is under the action of an external high-speed impact, the viscosity of the system increases sharply in an instant, consuming a large amount of external impact energy. When the external force is removed, the shear thickening gel material can return to its original soft state, greatly improving the impact resistance, durability, and comfort of the protection product.

[0003] Intelligent protective clothing requires high impact resistance, low weight, flexibility, and integration with multifunctional wearable devices. As a high-performance rate-related material, shear thickening gel (SSG) has broad scientific value and application prospects in the field of intelligent anti-collision devices. However, current civilian impact-resistant clothing and accessories are usually hard shell products, which limit the movement of the human body, being neither flexible nor comfortable. Especially for flexible polyurethane foam buffer materials, the thermal and wet comfort is poor. For aramid impact-resistant protective composite fabrics, the finished fabrics are relatively hard, and their flexibility, softness, and thermal moisture permeability are poor. Compared with traditional protective materials, the shear thickening gel flexible composite material satisfies the contradiction between protective performance and flexibility and comfort.

[0004] The current technology usually adopts the method of directly immersing protective textiles in a mixed solution of shear thickening gel and a diluting solvent, and then removing the diluting solvent by drying or freeze-drying methods to obtain a mixture of shear thickening material and textiles. Although it can enhance the impact resistance of textiles to a certain extent, there are technical defects that the finished product is not wear-resistant and not breathable. Although the shear thickening gel material forming work is realized through low-temperature 3D printing technology, it cannot be applied to fabrics at present.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a continuous manufacturing method for manufacturing materials that have both super-strong and durable impact resistance and moisture-permeable / breathable / soft wearing comfort, realizing the transformation of shear thickening gel materials into yarns and fabric textile materials to serve military and aerospace needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for the above-mentioned shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0008] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the impact resistance of fabrics. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn solves the technical problem that shear thickening gels cannot be made into yarns for use in impact protection equipment, and provides a fast and effective method for preparing flexible protective clothing from shear thickening gel materials.

[0009] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the air permeability of impact-resistant fabrics.

[0010] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0011] A shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, comprising: a core layer, a film layer, and a functional layer. The film layer is coated outside the core layer, and the functional layer is coated outside the film layer. Among them, the core layer includes: at least 1 coiled structure, and the coiled structure is a Fermat coiled structure or an Archimedean coiled structure. The functional layer includes fibers. The Fermat coiled structure is formed by winding a layered structure along a Fermat spiral, and the Archimedean coiled structure is formed by winding a layered structure along an Archimedean spiral;

[0012] The layered structure includes: a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film. The gel layer is a shear thickening gel, and the material of the first film is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyether ketone, or polyphenylene sulfide;

[0013] The film layer includes a second film.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the gel layer accounts for 80-95 wt% of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2-3 mm.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the gel layer is 0.1-1.5 mm.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the first thin film is 0.05 - 0.075 mm.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the thin film layer is 0.1 - 0.2 mm.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the functional layer is 0.1 - 1 mm.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the material of the second thin film is polyurethane, polyurea or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the thin film layer is wrapped by the second thin film. The width of the second thin film is 1 - 1.5 cm, and the thickness of the second thin film is 0.05 - 0.1 mm.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the fiber is one or a mixture of more than one of aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant polyamide, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant acrylic and seaweed fiber.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the storage modulus of the shear thickening gel is 0.51 - 1.13 PMa.

[0024] The method for preparing the above shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes the following steps: using at least one coil structure as the core layer, wrapping the second thin film around the core layer as the thin film layer, and coating the fiber around the thin film layer as the functional layer.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the method for preparing the layered structure includes: uniformly coating the liquid shear thickening gel on the first thin film, and cooling to make the shear thickening gel form a gel layer to obtain the layered structure.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the shear thickening gel is heated at 50 - 80 °C to make it become liquid.

[0027] The use of the above shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the anti-impact performance in fabrics.

[0028] The use of the above shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn in improving the air permeability of fabrics in anti-impact fabrics.

[0029] The preparation method of the above shear thickening gel includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Mix metaboric acid and PDMS evenly, and then add nanoparticles in batches, stirring until the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to obtain a precursor solution. Among them, by mass, the ratio of metaboric acid, PDMS and nanoparticles is 5:(50-100):0.5. PDMS is a hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and the nanoparticles include: silica particles, polyvinyl chloride particles, calcium carbonate particles, polymethyl methacrylate particles, carbon nanofibers and / or titanium dioxide particles.

[0031] In the step 1, the method for obtaining metaboric acid includes: keeping boric acid at 120-160 °C for 120-240 min to obtain the metaboric acid.

[0032] In the step 1, the viscosity of PDMS is 50-1500 cp.

[0033] Step 2: Continuously heat the precursor solution at 180-220 °C for 2-5 hours, and then cool it to room temperature to obtain a shear thickening gel.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. The present invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that shear thickening gels cannot be made into yarns, realizes a simple yarn-making process technology for shear thickening gels, and provides a new way for industrial manufacturing of continuous anti-impact protective yarns and fabrics with both comfort and durability.

[0036] 2. The thickness of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of the present invention can be adjusted, and it has a soft, breathable and long-lasting anti-leakage anti-impact function. Among them, the shear thickening gel has good anti-impact damage ability, the film layer has good airtightness and bonding force, the functional layer shows an interception and barrier anti-impact damage ability, and the multi-layer structure interacts and cooperates with each other, thus showing excellent anti-impact protection ability and can be applied to the field of human clothing protection.

[0037] 3. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of the present invention is easy to be woven and formed, realizes the built-in short-process yarn-making of the shear gel material, and the yarn is a unique core-sheath composite yarn, thus solving the technical limitation in the prior art that the shear thickening gel is directly impregnated into the fabric or coated on the surface of the fabric, resulting in such anti-impact fabrics being relatively hard, inflexible and uncomfortable, restricting the movement of the human body, and at the same time affecting the thermal and moisture comfort of the fabric during wearing. Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the Fermat coil structure;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the Archimedean spiral structure;

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the core layer structure (the core layer is composed of 2 Archimedean spiral structures);

[0042] Figure 5 Load-time curve of plain fabric, where A represents the plain fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1.

[0043] Figure 6 Stress-strain curve of plain fabric, where A represents the plain fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1.

[0044] Among them, S11 is the core layer, S12 is the thin film layer, and S13 is the functional layer. Detailed implementation mode

[0045] The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of the present invention, its preparation method and application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Examples 1-4

[0047] A preparation method of shear thickening gel, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1, keep boric acid at 160 °C for 90 min to obtain pyroboric acid, mix pyroboric acid and PDMS evenly, and then add nanoparticles in batches, stir until the nanoparticles are evenly dispersed to obtain a precursor solution. Among them, by mass fraction, the ratio of pyroboric acid, PDMS and nanoparticles is Y, PDMS is hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Wenzhou Shoucheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.), the nanoparticles are silica particles, and the viscosity of PDMS is X cp.

[0049] Step 2, continuously heat the precursor solution at 220 °C for 2.5 hours, and cool it to room temperature of 20-25 °C to obtain shear thickening gel.

[0050] The storage modulus, X and Y of the shear thickening gel are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1

[0052] Shear thickening gel X Y Storage modulus Example 1 30 5:100:0.5 1.13 MPa Example 2 1500 5:50:0.5 0.38 MPa Example 3 1000 5:100:0.5 0.51 MPa Example 4 1500 5:100:0.5 0.89 MPa

[0053] Example 5

[0054] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes: a core layer S11, a film layer S12, and a functional layer S13. The film layer is coated outside the core layer, and the functional layer is coated outside the film layer. The thickness of the film layer is 0.2 mm, and the thickness of the functional layer is 1 mm. The core layer is a single coil structure, and the coil structure is an Archimedean coil structure. The Archimedean coil structure is formed by winding a layered structure along an Archimedean spiral, as Figure 3 shown in the figure. The layered structure is a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film. The gel layer is the shear thickening gel in Example 2; the thickness of the gel layer is 1 mm, the material of the first film is polytetrafluoroethylene, the thickness of the first film is 0.075 mm, and the width of the first film is 10 mm (the areal density of the first film is 50 g / km).

[0055] A method for preparing the above-mentioned shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn includes the following steps:

[0056] S1, heating the shear thickening gel in Example 2 at 80 °C for 1 h to make it become liquid, improving the fluidity of the shear thickening gel, and enabling it to be efficiently and conveniently coated on the first film evenly; coating the liquid shear thickening gel evenly on the first film, and cooling to make the shear thickening gel form a gel layer to obtain a layered structure; winding the layered structure along an Archimedean spiral into an Archimedean coil structure as the core layer;

[0057] S2, winding a second film around the core layer as the film layer. The material of the second film is polytetrafluoroethylene, the width of the second film is 1 cm, and the thickness of the second film is 0.075 mm (the linear density of the second film is 50 g / km).

[0058] Coating fibers as the functional layer outside the film layer. The fibers are flame-retardant polyester.

[0059] The gel layer accounts for 80 wt% of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, and the diameter of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2.5 mm.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] A plain weave fabric (No.: A), which is obtained by weaving, with a warp density of 3 threads / cm, a weft density of 2 threads / cm, a thickness of the plain weave fabric of about 3 mm, and both the warp and weft yarns of the plain weave fabric are made of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn of Example 5.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A plain weave fabric (No.: B), which is obtained by weaving, with a warp density of 3 threads / cm, a weft density of 2 threads / cm, a thickness of the plain weave fabric of about 3 mm, and both the warp and weft yarns of the plain weave fabric are made of wool yarn (the diameter of the wool yarn is 2.5 mm).

[0064] The plain fabrics prepared in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a dynamic impact test to obtain the load-time curve of the plain fabric at an impact height of 50 mm, as Figure 5 shown, where A represents the plain fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1. From Figure 5 it can be seen that the peak load of the plain fabric is the highest, which is not conducive to absorbing impact energy. Compared with the plain fabric obtained from wool yarn, the plain fabric obtained from the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn effectively reduces the peak load by 783 N. And when reaching the peak load, the plain fabric in Example 6 takes 1.5 ms longer than the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1. These fully demonstrate that the plain fabric obtained from the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn has better impact energy absorption ability.

[0065] The plain fabrics prepared in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a plane compression test. The plain fabric was placed between two parallel compression plates, and a pressure perpendicular to the plane of the plain fabric was applied to the compression plates through a testing machine to uniformly compress the plain fabric. During the compression process, the testing machine recorded the applied pressure value and the corresponding compression deformation amount of the plain fabric, so as to obtain the compression performance curve (stress-strain curve) of the plain fabric, as Figure 6 shown, where A represents the plain fabric in Example 6 and B represents the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1. From Figure 6 it can be seen that for both curves, as the strain increases, the stress shows a trend of first rising slowly and then rising rapidly. When the strain is small (in the range of about 0 - 20%), the stress increases relatively gently; when the strain exceeds a certain level (after about 40%), the stress rises sharply, and at a strain rate of 50%, the strain of the plain fabric obtained from the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2.5 times that of the plain fabric obtained from wool yarn. The stress value of the plain fabric obtained in Example 1 is generally higher than that of the plain fabric in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the plain fabric obtained from the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn has higher strength, can withstand greater external forces without damage, and has better anti-deformation ability. It fully demonstrates that the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn has better impact resistance and strength.

[0066] The plain fabric prepared in Example 6 has larger pores and better air permeability. This plain fabric can be folded, bent, stretched, etc., and has good softness; it has long-lasting leak prevention, and no shear thickening gel leakage problem has occurred in the plain fabric after 6 months.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] A plain fabric, which is basically the same as Example 6, the only difference being that: the core layer is 1 Fermat curl structure as Figure 2 shown.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] A plain weave fabric is basically the same as that in Example 6, and the only difference is that: the core layer is composed of two Archimedean spiral structures, as Figure 4 shown.

[0071] The plain weave fabrics of Example 7 and Example 8 can both achieve the same technical effects as those of Example 6.

[0072] The shear thickening gels obtained in Example 1, Example 3 and Example 4 can achieve the same technical effects as the shear thickening gel obtained in Example 2.

[0073] The above provides an exemplary description of the present invention. It should be noted that any simple deformation, modification or equivalent substitution that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the core of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn, characterized in that: include: A core layer, a thin film layer and a functional layer, wherein the thin film layer is coated on the outside of the core layer, and the functional layer is coated on the outside of the thin film layer, wherein the core layer comprises: at least one roll structure, the roll structure is a Fermat roll structure or an Archimedean roll structure, the functional layer comprises fibers, the Fermat roll structure is formed by rolling a layered structure along a Fermat spiral, and the Archimedean roll structure is formed by rolling a layered structure along an Archimedean spiral; The layered structure includes: a first film and a gel layer covering one side of the first film, the gel layer is a shear thickening gel, the material of the first film is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyether ketone or polyphenylene sulfide; the film layer includes a second film.

2. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gel layer accounts for 80-95wt% of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn; the diameter of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn is 2-3mm.

3. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the gel layer is 0.1-1.5 mm; the thickness of the first film is 0.05-0.075 mm; the thickness of the film layer is 0.1-0.2 mm; and the thickness of the functional layer is 0.1-1 mm.

4. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second film is made of polyurethane, polyurea or polytetrafluoroethylene.

5. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film layer is formed by wrapping a second film, the width of the second film is 1 to 1.5 cm, and the thickness of the second film is 0.05 to 0.1 mm.

6. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber is a mixture of one or more of aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, flame retardant viscose, flame retardant nylon, flame retardant polyester, flame retardant polyester, flame retardant acrylic fiber and seaweed fiber.

7. The shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage modulus of the shear thickening gel is 0.51-1.13PMa.

8. A method for preparing the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: using at least one roll structure as the core layer, wrapping a second film outside the core layer as a film layer, and covering fibers outside the film layer as a functional layer.

9. Use of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in fabrics to improve impact resistance.

10. Use of the shear thickening gel flexible core-spun yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in impact-resistant fabrics to improve the air permeability of the fabric.

Images