Gallery type flood discharge supersaturated gas quick release device

Abstract

The invention discloses a gallery type flood discharge supersaturated gas quick release device which comprises concrete triangular cones (4), a central energy dissipation area is defined by a concrete retaining wall (1) with water passing holes (3), the concrete triangular cones (4) are distributed in the central energy dissipation area, and gaps are filled with pentagonal energy dissipation bodies (2); a gallery area is arranged on one side of the concrete retaining wall (1), gallery water distribution holes (7) are formed in the concrete retaining wall (1) at the junction of the two areas, the gallery area is divided into a plurality of water channels, and concave-convex concrete partition plates (5) are installed on the wall surfaces of the two sides of each water channel in a staggered mode. Harm of flood discharge energy release is relieved through the rough surface concrete triangular prism and the pentagonal prism energy dissipation body, meanwhile, a gallery type water distribution structure is formed through concrete partition plates and gallery division, the supersaturated gas medium contact surface is increased through the rough surface concrete partition plates which are arranged in a concave-convex mode, and therefore the flood discharge effect is improved. The supersaturated gas in the water body forms a gas nucleus on the rough surface body and gathers into small bubbles, the small bubbles continuously gather to form large bubbles, and then the large bubbles float upwards to the water surface to escape under the action of buoyancy, so that the precipitation and release process of the supersaturated gas in the water body is accelerated, and the harm of the supersaturated gas to an aquatic ecosystem is avoided or slowed down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy and hydropower, and in particular relates to a flood discharge channel structure of a dam. Background Art

[0002] While playing an important role in flood prevention and disaster reduction, water resources regulation, etc., water conservancy and hydropower projects have also brought about a series of ecological and environmental impacts, among which the problem of water body gas supersaturation has attracted increasing attention. When the high dam releases flood water, high-speed water flows out of the flood discharge orifice, forming a strong water-gas mixed flow under the action of huge potential energy. In this process, the negative pressure generated on the surface of the water flow will absorb a large amount of nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ), causing the dissolved gas in the downstream water to quickly reach a supersaturated state. Especially in high dam projects that adopt the diversion flow energy dissipation method, the water flow forms a parabolic motion in the air, which further intensifies the mixing of water and gas, making the total dissolved gas (TDG) saturation often exceed 120%, and sometimes even reach more than 140%.

[0003] During the discharge of this supersaturated water, a large number of microbubbles will be formed due to pressure changes and turbulence. These bubbles are difficult to release quickly during the downstream transport process and may last for tens of kilometers. When aquatic organisms such as fish are exposed to this environment, the supersaturated gas will enter the blood circulation system through the gills, forming bubbles in the body, leading to the occurrence of "bubble disease". Mild symptoms include loss of appetite and abnormal activity, while severe symptoms may cause tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. What is more serious is that this impact has a cumulative effect, which may change the structure of aquatic biological communities and destroy the balance of river ecosystems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Aiming at the problem that oversaturated water will be generated when a high dam releases flood water, which will affect the ecology, the present invention provides a waterway structure that can quickly release air in the water.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] A corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device comprises a concrete triangular cone 4, a central energy dissipation area is enclosed by a concrete retaining wall 1 with water holes 3, the concrete triangular cones 4 are distributed in the central energy dissipation area and the gaps are filled with a five-vertebral energy dissipation body 2.

[0007] A circle of concrete retaining wall 1 is arranged on the periphery of the central energy dissipation zone, and the area between the inner and outer circles of concrete retaining wall 1 is the five-cone energy dissipation zone, which is filled with five-cone energy dissipation bodies 2.

[0008] On one side of the five-cone energy dissipation area, there is a corridor area. Corridor water distribution holes 7 are opened on the concrete retaining wall 1 where the two areas meet. The corridor area is partitioned into multiple water channels, and on the two side walls of each water channel, concrete partitions 5 with alternating convex and concave surfaces are installed in a staggered manner.

[0009] The concrete partitions 5 with alternating convex and concave surfaces are arranged perpendicular to the water channel wall surfaces. The ends of the concrete partitions 5 with alternating convex and concave surfaces are tilted towards the central energy dissipation area. The horizontal sections of the concrete partitions 5 have spaced convex structures, and the tilted sections have spaced concave structures. Both the convex structures and the concave structures are of the same height as the partition walls of the water channels.

[0010] At the front end of the corridor area, there is a buffer section filled with five-cone energy dissipators 2. After the buffer section, multiple water channels are separated by walls.

[0011] The lower half of the concrete triangular pyramid 4 is a square column, and the top of the column is a sharp cone composed of four triangular faces.

[0012] The five-cone energy dissipator 2 is a structure that radiates five conical columns outward from the center.

[0013] The height of the wall of the five-cone energy dissipation area is greater than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation area. The five-cone energy dissipators 2 in the five-cone energy dissipation area are filled up to the same height as the wall of the central energy dissipation area; the height of the concrete triangular pyramid 4 is lower than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation area, and the filling height of the five-cone energy dissipators 2 in the central energy dissipation area is lower than the height of the concrete triangular pyramid 4.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. A two-stage energy dissipation pool is set in the flood discharge landing area. Through the rough-surface concrete triangular columns and five-cone energy dissipators, the harm of the release of flood discharge energy is mitigated. At the same time, through the partition of the concrete partitions and the corridor, a corridor-type water distribution configuration is formed. Through the rough-surface concrete partitions arranged in a concave-convex manner, the contact area of the supersaturated gas medium is increased. The supersaturated gas in the water body forms gas nuclei on the rough surfaces and aggregates into small bubbles. The small bubbles continuously coalesce to form large bubbles, and then float to the water surface and escape under the action of buoyancy, accelerating the precipitation and release process of the supersaturated gas in the water body and avoiding or mitigating the harm of the supersaturated gas to the aquatic ecosystem.

[0016] 2. The misaligned and multi-layer arranged rough-surface concrete five-cones not only play a role in energy dissipation, but also provide a large amount of media for the formation of gas nuclei of dissolved gas, promoting the release of supersaturated gas; in addition, a corridor-type swirling area is formed through the concave-convex arranged partitions, which not only prolongs the water flow time, but also greatly increases the contact medium area between the water body and the corridor, creating conditions for the rapid release of the dissolved gas in the water body.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, by arranging triangular cones and pentagonal cone energy dissipators in the central energy dissipation area and on the outer side, not only the energy of the flood discharge water body is effectively reduced, but also the medium contact area of the supersaturated gas is greatly increased, accelerating the precipitation of the supersaturated gas. When a corridor is set up to form a swirling flow area later, by arranging concrete slabs at intervals of concave and convex, the precipitation and release of the supersaturated gas are further accelerated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 : Plan layout drawing of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 : Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the A-A section of

[0020] Figure 3 : Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the B-B section of

[0021] Figure 4 : Large-scale drawing of the pentagonal cone energy dissipator of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 : Large-scale drawing of the concrete triangular cone of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 : Large-scale drawing of the concrete partition board with concave and convex intervals of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1 - concrete retaining wall, 2 - pentagonal cone energy dissipator, 3 - water passing hole, 4 - concrete triangular cone, 5 - concrete partition board with concave and convex intervals, 6 - corridor partition wall, 7 - corridor water distribution hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Example:

[0026] A central energy dissipation area is enclosed by a concrete retaining wall 1 under the water surface in the flood discharge and falling water area. Vertical concrete triangular cones 4 are distributed in the central energy dissipation area. The upper part is a triangular cone body, and the lower part is a square column shape. When the flood falls into the energy dissipation area, the water pressure and air pressure of the flood discharge water body are damaged, facilitating the precipitation of supersaturated gas in the high-speed water flow. The pentagonal cone energy dissipators are placed in a staggered and multi-layered manner between the triangular cone bodies 4. Through the gaps between the cone bodies, not only can the energy dissipation of the flood discharge water body be realized, but also the contact area between the supersaturated gas and the pentagonal cones can be increased, creating conditions for the coalescence of the supersaturated gas nuclei and facilitating the precipitation and release of the supersaturated gas. An array of water passing holes is arranged on the retaining walls around the central energy dissipation area, facilitating the overflow of the flood discharge water body and avoiding the harm and influence of excessive energy aggregation on the retaining wall.

[0027] A circle of concrete retaining wall 1 is set on the periphery of the central energy dissipation zone, and the area between the inner and outer circles of concrete retaining wall 1 is the five-cone energy dissipation zone, which is filled with staggered five-cone energy dissipation bodies 2. The height of the wall of the five-cone energy dissipation zone is greater than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation zone, and the five-cone energy dissipation body 2 of the five-cone energy dissipation zone is filled to the same height as the wall of the central energy dissipation zone; the height of the concrete triangular cone 4 is lower than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation zone, and the filling height of the five-cone energy dissipation body 2 in the central energy dissipation zone is lower than the height of the concrete triangular cone 4. The five-cone energy dissipation body 2 is a structure with five conical columns radiating outward from the center, which is used to further increase the medium on which the supersaturated gas can adhere, create conditions for the supersaturated extraction and precipitation, and further reduce the kinetic energy of the flood discharge body. A corridor area is provided on one side of the five-vertebra energy dissipation area, and a corridor water distribution hole 7 is opened on the concrete retaining wall 1 at the junction of the two areas. In order to avoid the damage to the corridor area caused by rapid water flow, a buffer section is provided at the front end of the corridor area. The buffer section is filled with the five-vertebra energy dissipation body 2 to provide pre-protection for the corridor area.

[0028] The corridor area is divided into multiple parallel waterways by concrete retaining walls. Concrete partitions 5 with alternating concave and convex shapes are arranged on the side walls of each waterway. The concrete partitions 5 are composed of horizontal sections and raised sections. The concrete partitions 5 are arranged perpendicular to the wall of the waterway. The left and right walls are arranged alternately in sequence. The ends of the concrete partitions 5 are raised toward the central energy dissipation zone. The horizontal sections of the concrete partitions 5 have spaced convex structures, and the raised sections have spaced concave structures. The convex structures and the concave structures are both at the same height as the partition walls of the waterway. The arrangement of the alternating concave and convex concrete partitions 5 can increase the flow time of water, form a vortex water body, increase the contact area between the supersaturated gas and the partition, greatly increase the precipitation and release rate of the supersaturated gas during flood discharge, and effectively avoid the harm of supersaturated gas to aquatic organisms and fish in the river.

Claims

1. A corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device, comprising a concrete triangular cone (4), characterized in that: A central energy dissipation zone is enclosed by a concrete retaining wall (1) with water holes (3), concrete triangular cones (4) are distributed in the central energy dissipation zone, and gaps are filled with five-cone energy dissipation bodies (2).

2. According to claim 1, the corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device is characterized by: A circle of concrete retaining walls (1) is arranged on the periphery of the central energy dissipation zone, and the area between the inner and outer circles of concrete retaining walls (1) is a five-cone energy dissipation zone, which is filled with five-cone energy dissipation bodies (2).

3. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A corridor area is provided on one side of the five-vertebral energy dissipation area. A corridor water distribution hole (7) is provided on the concrete retaining wall (1) at the junction of the two areas. The corridor area separates a plurality of water channels. Concave and convex concrete partitions (5) are alternately installed on the walls on both sides of each water channel.

4. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The alternately concave and convex concrete partition (5) is arranged perpendicular to the waterway wall surface, the end of the alternately concave and convex concrete partition (5) is tilted toward the central energy dissipation zone, the horizontal section of the concrete partition (5) has spaced convex structures, the tilted section has spaced concave structures, and the convex structures and the concave structures are both at the same height as the partition wall of the waterway.

5. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: There is a buffer section at the front end of the corridor area, and the buffer section is filled with a five-vertebra energy dissipation body (2). After the buffer section, multiple water channels are isolated by walls.

6. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The lower half of the concrete triangular pyramid (4) is a square column, and the top of the column is a pointed cone composed of four triangular faces.

7. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The five-vertebral energy dissipation body (2) is a structure with five conical columns radiating outward from the center.

8. The corridor-type flood discharge supersaturated gas rapid release device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The height of the wall of the five-cone energy dissipation zone is greater than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation zone, and the five-cone energy dissipation body (2) of the five-cone energy dissipation zone is filled to the same height as the wall of the central energy dissipation zone; the height of the concrete triangular pyramid (4) is lower than the height of the wall of the central energy dissipation zone, and the filling height of the five-cone energy dissipation body (2) of the central energy dissipation zone is lower than the height of the concrete triangular pyramid (4).

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