Unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslide

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslide, which is used for solving the problem of flight instability caused by load center-of-gravity shift after an unmanned aerial vehicle collects samples. The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle subsystem and a sampling base station subsystem. A sampling box unit is detachably mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the base station subsystem comprises a transfer unit, a rainwater collection unit and a soil collection unit, and the transfer unit comprises a transportation module and a lifting rotation module; the lifting and rotating module comprises a vertical guide assembly and a rotating assembly; the vertical guide assembly comprises a sliding rail and a sliding block sliding along the sliding rail. The rotating assembly comprises a rotating shaft rotationally installed on the sliding block. A clamping assembly of the transportation module is fixed on the rotating shaft, and is used for clamping, transporting and turning over the sampling box unit. By means of the arrangement, the sample gravity center in the sampling box unit can be balanced, and the problems that after samples are collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle, takeoff attitude balance is difficult to keep and the gravity center is unstable are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and particularly to an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides. Background Art

[0002] After rainfall, landslide accidents are extremely prone to occur frequently. Conducting triaxial shear tests on soil samples after rainfall and synchronously monitoring the rainwater composition can provide key data basis for landslide prediction. However, the terrain in high-risk landslide areas is usually complex. The method of manually collecting samples is extremely inefficient and poses a great safety risk. Therefore, using unmanned aerial vehicles to collect samples in high-risk landslide areas has become an effective solution to replace manual sampling.

[0003] The invention patent with the publication number of CN118182883A specifically discloses an intertidal zone soil sampling device for a nuclear power plant and its sampling method. The device includes an unmanned aerial vehicle, a throwing device, a suspension rope, a soil sampler, a connecting plate, and a pan-tilt head. The connecting plate is installed on the lower surface of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the throwing device and the pan-tilt head are respectively arranged on the connecting plate. One end of the suspension rope is connected to the throwing device, and the other end is connected to the soil sampler. The soil sampler can be hoisted by the unmanned aerial vehicle to replace personnel to conduct soil sampling work in areas that are difficult to reach. Specifically, the throwing device and the pan-tilt head are fixed to the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle through the connecting plate. The soil sampler suspended at the end of the suspension rope is equipped with a grab bucket, a vibration module, and a wireless control system, and the opening and closing of the grab bucket and the vibration and downward probing can be remotely triggered. Although this design solves the problem of replacing manual sampling, in actual operation, after the grab bucket grabs the soil, it will cause a significant downward shift and deviation of the load center of gravity of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Especially during the climbing stage of the unmanned aerial vehicle with a heavy load, the soil will undergo dynamic displacement, resulting in an unstable center of gravity. It is difficult to match the power output of the unmanned aerial vehicle with the real-time changing load distribution, which easily causes abnormal attitude angles or even overturning of the unmanned aerial vehicle, threatening the flight stability and operation safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0004] In summary, the main problem faced in the current landslide monitoring field is: the lack of a sampling system that can keep the takeoff attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle balanced and the center of gravity stable after collecting samples. Such an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling base station can not only improve the transportation efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle but also ensure the safe flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is of great significance to the landslide monitoring work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides to meet the actual need of maintaining the balance of the takeoff attitude and the stability of the center of gravity of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides, and the sampling system includes: Drone subsystem, the drone subsystem includes a drone and a sampling box unit detachably installed on the drone; the sampling box unit includes a rainwater sampling box and a soil sampling box, a rainwater inlet is provided on the rainwater sampling box, and a soil inlet is provided on the soil sampling box; A number of sampling base station subsystems, a number of the sampling base station subsystems are distributed in the area to be monitored; the sampling base station subsystem includes a base station base, a transfer unit, a rainwater collection unit and a soil collection unit; the transfer unit includes a transportation module and a lifting and rotating module; the lifting and rotating module includes a vertical guiding component and a rotating component; the vertical guiding component includes a slide rail and a slider, the slide rail is fixedly installed on the base station base, the guiding direction of the slide rail is perpendicular to the ground, and the slider is slidably installed on the slide rail; the rotating component includes a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the slider, and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slider; The transportation module includes a clamping component, the clamping component is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft, and the clamping component transports the soil sampling box and the rainwater sampling box from the drone to the sampling position; The rainwater collection unit includes a rain collection cylinder, a water delivery head and a corrugated pipe, the rain collection cylinder is fixedly installed on the base station base, one end of the corrugated pipe is communicated with the rain collection cylinder, the other end of the corrugated pipe is communicated with the water delivery head, and when the rainwater sampling box reaches the sampling position, the water delivery head extends into the rainwater sampling box through the rainwater inlet; The soil collection unit includes a soil clamp, and when the soil sampling box reaches the sampling position, the soil clamp extends into the soil sampling box through the soil inlet.

[0007] As an optional solution, the sampling base station subsystem further includes a drone positioning unit; the drone positioning unit includes a drone landing platform and a landing support module; Two landing gears for landing are fixedly installed on the drone, and a vertical plate for connecting the drone and a horizontal plate for increasing the landing area are provided on the landing gear; The drone landing platform is fixedly installed on the base station base, a landing support module is provided on the drone landing platform, the number of the landing support modules is two, and the two landing support modules correspond to the two landing gears one by one; each landing support module includes a positioning groove, a buffer spring, a rotation power source, an L-shaped pressing plate and a buffer platform; The positioning groove is opened on the upper end surface of the drone landing platform; The buffer platform is slidably installed in the positioning groove, and the sliding direction of the buffer platform is parallel to the lifting direction of the drone; The buffer spring is fixedly installed inside the positioning groove, one end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the positioning groove, and the other end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the buffer platform; The rotation power source is fixedly installed on the UAV landing platform; The vertical end of the L-shaped pressing plate is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotation power source. The rotation axis of the L-shaped pressing plate is parallel to the rotation axis of the output shaft of the rotation power source. The horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate is located above the buffer platform. The cross plate of the landing gear is located on the rotation trajectory of the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate. The horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate presses the landing gear into the positioning groove by rotating and contacting the cross plate of the landing gear.

[0008] As an alternative, it is characterized in that the sampling box unit further includes a torsion spring, a soil sampling box bottom cover and a rotating shaft; The soil inlet is arranged at the bottom of the soil sampling box; The number of the soil sampling box bottom covers is two. One end of each soil sampling box bottom cover is provided with a rotating shaft. The soil sampling box bottom covers are rotatably installed at the bottom of the soil sampling box through the rotating shafts. The two soil sampling box bottom covers are located on both sides of the bottom of the soil sampling box and open and close the soil inlet; The torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the soil sampling box bottom cover. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the bottom cover of the soil sampling box, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the soil sampling box; The rainwater sampling box is slidably installed in the soil sampling box. The sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the soil sampling box. The lower end surface of the rainwater sampling box and the inner side wall and the bottom cover of the soil sampling box form a closed space for collecting soil samples.

[0009] As an alternative, the UAV subsystem further includes a UAV gripper unit, which includes a gripper mounting block, UAV grippers, a first spring, a second spring and a wedge-shaped pushing block; The gripper mounting block is detachably installed at the bottom of the UAV, and a groove is provided on the side wall of the gripper mounting block; The number of the UAV grippers is two. The two UAV grippers are slidably installed in the groove. The sliding directions of the two UAV grippers are parallel to each other. The sliding direction of the UAV grippers is perpendicular to the side wall of the soil sampling box. The two UAV grippers grip the upper part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box; The wedge-shaped pushing block is slidably installed in the groove of the gripper mounting block. The sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the UAV grippers. One end of the UAV gripper located in the groove of the gripper mounting block is provided with a wedge-shaped surface matching the wedge-shaped pushing block. The wedge-shaped pushing block is located between the two UAV grippers, and the sliding of the wedge-shaped pushing block will push the UAV grippers to open to both sides; The compression direction of the first spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block. One end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the groove of the jaw mounting block, and the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped pushing block. There are two second springs, and the two second springs correspond to the two drone jaws one by one. The compression direction of the second spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the drone jaw. One end of the second spring is fixedly connected to one end of the drone jaw located in the groove of the jaw mounting block, and the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the groove of the jaw mounting block.

[0010] As an alternative, the clamping assembly includes a bearing platform and clamping blocks. The bearing platform is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. A chamber is provided inside the bearing platform. A through first window is provided on the upper end surface of the bearing platform, and the size of the first window is larger than that of the soil sampling box. A through second window is provided on the lower end surface of the bearing platform, and the size of the second window is smaller than that of the soil sampling box. There are two clamping blocks. The sliding directions of the two clamping blocks are parallel to each other. The sliding direction of the clamping block is perpendicular to the side wall of the soil sampling box. The two clamping blocks slide towards each other and clamp the lower part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box. A through transportation channel is provided in the middle of the drone landing platform. When the cross plate of the landing gear is pressed down by the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate and rotated into the positioning groove, the soil sampling box held by the drone is located in the transportation channel. At this time, the position where the soil sampling box is located is the handover position, and the bearing platform transports the soil sampling box between the handover position and the sampling position.

[0011] As an alternative, the transportation module further includes an unlocking assembly. The unlocking assembly includes a moving block, a long slot, an unlocking push rod, an unlocking spring, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod. The moving block is slidably installed inside the chamber of the bearing platform. The sliding direction of the moving block is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block, and the sliding direction of the moving block is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider. A long slot parallel to the sliding direction of the moving block is formed through the side wall of the bearing platform. The unlocking push rod is fixedly installed on the moving block, and one end of the unlocking push rod extends out of the side wall of the bearing platform through the long slot. One end of the unlocking spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the chamber of the bearing platform, and the other end of the unlocking spring is fixedly connected to the moving block. One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the moving block, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to one of the clamping blocks. The rotation axis of the first connecting rod is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block. One end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the moving block, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged to another clamping block. The rotation axis of the second connecting rod is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block. The upper part of the bearing platform extends into the transportation channel driven by the slider, and one end of the unlocking push rod extending out of the bearing platform is partially located outside the transportation channel. When the upper part of the bearing platform extends into the transportation channel, the unlocking push rod slides downward, and through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the two clamping blocks slide away from each other.

[0012] As an alternative, the drone subsystem further includes a push-pull electromagnet and an unlocking channel for unlocking the drone gripper unit. A push-pull electromagnet is fixedly installed on the side wall of the bearing platform. The push-pull electromagnet is located below the wedge-shaped pushing block. The telescopic direction of the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block. The wedge-shaped pushing block is located below the wedge surface. An unlocking channel penetrating into the groove is provided on the bottom end surface of the gripper mounting block. The telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet extends into the groove through the unlocking channel and pushes the wedge-shaped pushing block upward to move, thereby spreading the drone gripper outward to unlock the clamping of the soil sampling box. When the upper end surface of the soil sampling box and the lower end surface of the drone gripper are in the same plane, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet contacts the wedge-shaped pushing block to unlock the drone gripper. During the process of transporting the soil sampling box from the sampling position to the handover position, when the soil sampling box slides upward to the handover position, the upper half of the soil sampling box is located between the two drone grippers. When the drone is ready to carry away the soil sampling box, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet retracts and disengages from the contact with the wedge-shaped pushing block, so that the drone gripper clamps the upper part of the soil sampling box.

[0013] As an alternative, the soil collection unit further includes a horizontal electric push rod and a vertical electric push rod. The soil clamp includes an electric telescopic rod and a soil shoveling gripper. The number of the soil shoveling grippers is two. The soil shoveling grippers are oppositely installed at both ends of the electric telescopic rod. The soil shoveling grippers collect soil according to the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod. The soil clamp is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the vertical electric push rod. The vertical electric push rod moves the soil clamp away from or close to the ground and makes the soil clamp penetrate into the soil sampling box. The horizontal electric push rod is fixedly installed on the base of the base station, and the vertical electric push rod is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the horizontal electric push rod. When the soil sampling box is transported to the sampling position by the carrying platform, the opening of the soil inlet of the soil sampling box faces upward, and the horizontal electric push rod moves the soil clamp above the soil inlet.

[0014] As an alternative, the sampling box unit further includes an annular magnet, a circular magnet, a water delivery pipe, a first water delivery hole, and a second water delivery hole; A rainwater inlet is provided on the upper end face of the rainwater sampling box; the water delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the rainwater inlet; One end of the water delivery pipe communicates with the rainwater inlet, and the other end of the water delivery pipe is closed; The annular magnet is fixedly installed inside the water delivery pipe, The circular magnet is slidably installed inside the water delivery pipe, and the sliding direction of the circular magnet is parallel to the sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box; the circular magnet and the annular magnet are magnetically attracted to close the connection between the rainwater inlet and the water delivery pipe; A number of first water delivery holes are provided on the end side wall of the water delivery head; A number of second water delivery holes are provided through the side wall of the water delivery channel. When the circular magnet slides to the maximum distance from the annular magnet, which is the farthest distance of the circular magnet, the second water delivery holes are located between the farthest distance of the circular magnet and the annular magnet; After the water delivery head extends into the water delivery pipe, it passes through the annular magnet and pushes open the circular magnet. At this time, the first water delivery holes are connected to the inside of the rainwater sampling box through the second water delivery holes; When the rainwater sampling box is transported to the sampling position by the carrying platform, the opening of the rainwater inlet of the rainwater sampling box faces downward, and the water delivery head is located directly below the rainwater opening.

[0015] As an alternative, the rainwater collection unit further includes a first liquid storage cylinder, a second liquid storage cylinder, a third spring, a piston, hydraulic oil, a connecting pipe, and a telescopic rod; The first liquid storage cylinder is fixedly installed on the base of the base station; The telescopic rod is slidably installed inside the first liquid storage cylinder, and one end of the telescopic rod slides out of the first liquid storage cylinder. The sliding direction of the telescopic rod is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider; One end of the connecting pipe communicates with the inside of the first liquid storage cylinder, and the other end of the connecting pipe communicates with the inside of the second liquid storage cylinder. The inner diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the first liquid storage cylinder; The communication area between the inside of the first liquid storage cylinder and the second liquid storage cylinder is a storage area for storing hydraulic oil; The piston is slidably installed inside the second liquid storage cylinder; The compression direction of the third spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the piston. One end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the second liquid storage cylinder; The water delivery head is fixedly installed on the telescopic rod; When the water delivery head is at the highest position, the water delivery head is above the rain collection cylinder. When the water delivery head is at the lowest position, the water delivery head is below the rain collection cylinder.

[0016] As described above, a drone sampling system for preventing landslides according to the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By providing a slide rail, a slider, a rotating shaft and a clamping assembly, after the clamping assembly clamps the sampling box unit, the present application can not only complete the transportation of the soil sampling box but also flip it, so that the soil sample inside the soil sampling box can be evenly located in the soil sampling box during transportation, thereby enabling the drone to maintain a balanced take-off attitude and stable center of gravity after collecting the sample; 2. By providing a rainwater sampling box and a soil sampling box, and the rainwater sampling box is slidably installed in the soil sampling box. When the rotating shaft drives the clamping assembly to rotate the soil sampling box, the gravity of the rainwater sampling box plus the rainwater can further compact the soil sample inside the soil sampling box multiple times, making the distribution of the soil sample inside the soil sampling box more uniform and reducing the offset of the soil sample, thereby ensuring the center of gravity stability of the drone; 3. By providing a number of sampling base subsystems and a drone subsystem, the number of sampling base subsystems are distributed in different landslide risk areas, and the drone subsystem autonomously switches the target base to perform the collection task based on a preset route. The drone completes the sample collection through positioning and docking, forming a monitoring system with a high range of coverage. This layout mode breaks through the limitation of single-point sampling, and uses the mobility of the drone to achieve cross-regional sample relay collection, improving the spatial coverage density of landslide warning and the ability to synchronously collect multi-point data; 4. By providing a drone landing platform, a bearing platform, a clamping block, a moving block, an unlocking push rod, an unlocking spring, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod; during the sliding process of the bearing platform, the unlocking push rod is blocked by the drone landing platform, so that the moving block moves downward, and the moving block drives the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to open the two clamping blocks; through this setting, the automatic unlocking of the soil sampling box can be realized when the clamping assembly reaches the specified position, improving the automation efficiency of the sampling system; 5. By providing a first liquid storage cylinder, a second liquid storage cylinder, a third spring, a piston, hydraulic oil, a connecting pipe and a telescopic rod, by slowing down the flow rate of the hydraulic oil to generate a speed difference between the slider and the connecting plate, the function of automatically discharging excess rainwater is realized, improving the automation efficiency of the sampling system. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 Shows a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sampling system of the present invention; Figure 2 Shows an exploded view of the transfer unit of the present invention; Figure 3 Shows a structural sectional view of the UAV positioning unit of the present invention; Figure 4 Shows an exploded view of the sampling box unit of the present invention; Figure 5 Shows a structural sectional view of the sampling box unit of the present invention; Figure 6 Shows a structural sectional view of the UAV gripper unit of the present invention; Figure 7 Shows a structural schematic diagram of the transportation module of the present invention; Figure 8 Shows a structural schematic diagram of the soil sampling unit of the present invention; Figure 9 Shows a structural sectional view of the interior of the first liquid storage cylinder and the second liquid storage cylinder of the present invention; Figure 10 Shows the present invention's Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram at A in; Figure 11 Shows a structural sketch of the UAV gripper and the soil sampling box of the present invention when they are in the same plane; Figure 12 Shows a structural schematic diagram of the UAV preparing to transport away the soil sampling box of the present invention; Figure 13 Shows an application schematic diagram of several sampling base station subsystems of the present invention distributed on multiple landslides; In the figure: 1. UAV; 2. Sampling box unit; 3. Base station base; 4. Transfer unit; 5. Rainwater collection unit; 6. Soil sampling unit; 7. UAV positioning unit; 8. UAV gripper unit; 9. Push-pull electromagnet; 10. Unlocking channel; 101. Landing gear; 201. Rainwater sampling box; 202. Soil sampling box; 203. Torsion spring; 204. Bottom cover of soil sampling box; 205. Rotating shaft; 206. Ring magnet; 207. Circular magnet; 208. Water delivery pipe; 209. Second water delivery hole; 401. Transportation module; 402. Lifting and rotating module; 501. Rainwater collection cylinder; 502. Water delivery head; 503. Bellows; 504. Connecting plate; 505. First liquid storage cylinder; 506. Second liquid storage cylinder; 507. Third spring; 508. Piston; 509. Hydraulic oil; 510. Connecting pipe; 511. Telescopic rod; 601. Soil clamp; 602. Horizontal electric push rod; 603. Vertical electric push rod; 701. UAV landing platform; 702. Landing support module; 801. Jaw mounting block; 802. UAV jaw; 803. First spring; 804. Second spring; 805. Wedge push block; 4011. Bearing platform; 4012. Clamping block; 4013. Moving block; 4014. Long strip hole; 4015. Unlock push rod; 4016. Unlock spring; 4017. First connecting rod; 4018. Second connecting rod; 4021. Slide rail; 4022. Slide block; 4023. Linear power source; 4024. Rotating power source; 4025. Rotating shaft; 5021. First water delivery hole; 6011. Electric jaw; 6012. Earth-moving jaw; 7021. Positioning groove; 7022. Buffer spring; 7023. Rotating power source; 7024. L-shaped pressing plate; 7025. Buffer platform. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0019] Please refer to Figures 1 to 13 . It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have technical essence. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration, and are not used to limit the scope for the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope for the implementation of the present invention.

[0020] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1 to 13It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the attached drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have technical substantial significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0022] The following various embodiments are only for illustration. Combinations can be made between the various embodiments, and it is not limited to the content shown in the following single embodiment.

[0023] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 5 and Figure 10 , the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides, which includes: An unmanned aerial vehicle subsystem, the unmanned aerial vehicle subsystem includes an unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and a sampling box unit 2 detachably installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle 1; the sampling box unit 2 includes a rainwater sampling box 201 and a soil sampling box 202, a rainwater inlet is provided on the rainwater sampling box 201, and a soil inlet is provided on the soil sampling box 202; Here, a synthetic aperture radar or a high-definition camera can also be provided on the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. During the process of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 flying to the sampling base station subsystem, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 can collect samples of the digital model and dynamic data of the landslide; enrich the types of collected samples to make the data for preventing landslides more accurate; Here, by collecting soil samples, triaxial shear tests can be performed on the soil samples to determine the soil shear strength parameters, and the water content analysis of the soil can be carried out to judge the possibility of landslides; Here, by collecting rainwater samples, the pH value and water source of the rainwater samples are detected to provide data for preventing mountain landslides; A number of sampling base station subsystems, and a number of the sampling base station subsystems are distributively arranged in the area to be monitored; the sampling base station subsystem includes a base station pedestal 3, a transfer unit 4, a rainwater collection unit 5 and a soil collection unit 6; the transfer unit 4 includes a transportation module 401 and a lifting and rotating module 402; the lifting and rotating module 402 includes a vertical guiding component and a rotating component; the vertical guiding component includes a slide rail 4021 and a slider 4022, the slide rail 4021 is fixedly installed on the base station pedestal 3, the guiding direction of the slide rail 4021 is perpendicular to the ground, and the slider 4022 is slidably installed on the slide rail 4021; the rotating component includes a rotating shaft 4025, the rotating shaft 4025 is rotatably installed on the slider 4022, and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft 4025 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slider 4022. Here, as Figure 13 Sampling base station subsystems are arranged on the landslides to be detected within the radiation range of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1, and the sampling base station subsystems can collect samples at different landslides or different positions of the same landslide. Through this setting, the detection range of the sampling system for preventing landslides can be expanded and its sampling efficiency can be increased. Here, the vertical guiding component further includes a linear power source 4023. The form of the linear power source 4023 is not limited. It can be in the form of a linear cylinder or in the form of a lead screw drive. In this embodiment, the linear power source 4023 includes a lead screw and a first motor. The first motor is fixed on the base station pedestal 3, the lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, the slider 4022 is threadedly connected to the lead screw, and the slider 4022 slides along the slide rail 4021 as the lead screw rotates. Here, the rotating component further includes a rotating power source 7023. The form of the rotating power source 7023 is not limited. It can be in the form of a rotating cylinder or in the form of a motor drive. In this embodiment, the rotating power source 7023 is a second motor. The second motor is fixedly installed on the slider 4022, the output shaft of the second motor is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slider 4022, and the rotating shaft 4025 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor. Here, a bearing is fixedly installed on the slider 4022, and the rotating shaft 4025 is rotatably connected to the slider 4022 through the bearing. The transportation module 401 includes a clamping component. The clamping component is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 4025, and the clamping component transports the soil sampling box 202 and the rainwater sampling box 201 from the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 to the sampling position. The rainwater collection unit 5 includes a rainwater collection cylinder 501, a water delivery head 502, and a corrugated pipe 503. The rainwater collection cylinder 501 is fixedly installed on the base station base 3. One end of the corrugated pipe 503 communicates with the rainwater collection cylinder 501, and the other end of the corrugated pipe 503 communicates with the water delivery head 502. When the rainwater sampling box 201 reaches the sampling position, the water delivery head 502 extends into the rainwater sampling box 201 through the rainwater inlet. The soil collection unit 6 includes a soil clamp 601. When the soil sampling box 202 reaches the sampling position, the soil clamp 601 extends into the soil sampling box 202 through the soil inlet. With this setting, the clamping assembly drives the soil sampling box 202 and the rainwater sampling box 201 to slide up and down along the slide rail 4021 for transportation. After the clamping assembly transports the soil sampling box 202 and the rainwater sampling box 201 to the sampling position, the rainwater collection unit 5 and the soil collection unit 6 will put the rainwater sample and the soil sample into the soil sampling box 202 and the rainwater sampling box 201. After collecting the samples, when the clamping assembly transports the soil sampling box 202 and slides, it rotates along with the rotating shaft 4025. The rotating assembly uses the centrifugal action to make the soil sample evenly distributed, effectively reducing the centroid offset, and ensuring the take-off attitude balance and center of gravity stability of the drone 1 after carrying the sample back.

[0024] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 , the sampling base station subsystem further includes a drone positioning unit 7; the drone positioning unit 7 includes a drone landing platform 701 and a landing support module 702; Two landing gears 101 for landing are fixedly installed on the drone 1. The landing gear 101 is provided with a vertical plate for connecting the drone 1 and a horizontal plate for increasing the landing area; Here, in this embodiment, the landing gear 101 includes a column and a horizontal plate. One end of the column is fixedly connected to the drone 1, and the other end of the column is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate. The number of columns is two, and the two columns are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the horizontal plate; The drone landing platform 701 is fixedly installed on the base station base 3. The drone landing platform 701 is provided with a landing support module 702. The number of the landing support modules 702 is two, and the two landing support modules 702 respectively correspond to the two landing gears 101 one by one; each landing support module 702 includes a positioning groove 7021, a buffer spring 7022, a rotary power source 7023, an L-shaped pressing plate 7024, and a buffer platform 7025; The positioning groove 7021 is opened on the upper end surface of the drone landing platform 701; The buffer platform 7025 is slidably installed in the positioning groove 7021, and the sliding direction of the buffer platform 7025 is parallel to the lifting direction of the drone 1; The buffer spring 7022 is fixedly installed inside the positioning groove 7021. One end of the buffer spring 7022 is fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the positioning groove 7021, and the other end of the buffer spring 7022 is fixedly connected to the buffer platform 7025; The rotary power source 7023 is fixedly installed on the drone landing platform 701; The vertical end of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary power source 7023. The rotation axis of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 is parallel to the rotation axis of the output shaft of the rotary power source 7023. The horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 is located above the buffer platform 7025. The cross plate of the landing gear 101 is located on the rotation track of the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024. The horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 presses down the landing gear 101 into the positioning groove 7021 by rotating and contacting the cross plate of the landing gear 101; With this setting, the landing gear 101 can achieve a positioning effect when located in the positioning groove 7021; the buffer spring 7022 and the buffer platform 7025 can play a buffering role for the landing of the drone 1.

[0025] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the sampling box unit 2 further includes a torsion spring 203, a soil sampling box bottom cover 204, and a rotating shaft 205; The soil inlet is provided at the bottom of the soil sampling box 202; The number of the soil sampling box bottom covers 204 is two. One end of the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 is provided with a rotating shaft 205. The soil sampling box bottom cover 204 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the soil sampling box 202 through the rotating shaft 205. The two soil sampling box bottom covers 204 are located on both sides of the bottom of the soil sampling box 202 and open and close the soil inlet; The torsion spring 203 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 205 of the soil sampling box bottom cover 204. One end of the torsion spring 203 is fixedly connected to the soil sampling box bottom cover 204, and the other end of the torsion spring 203 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the soil sampling box 202; Here, raised blocks are respectively provided on the inner side wall of the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 and the soil sampling box 202. Grooves are provided inside the raised blocks. Both ends of the torsion spring 203 respectively extend into the inner grooves of the two raised blocks. The torsion spring 203 provides elastic force for the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 to close the soil inlet, and the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 can rotate towards the inside of the soil sampling box 202; With this setting, the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 automatically closes the soil inlet without external force, and the mechanism is simple and reliable; The rainwater sampling box 201 is slidably installed in the soil sampling box 202. The sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box 201 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the soil sampling box 202. The lower end surface of the rainwater sampling box 201 and the side wall inside the soil sampling box 202 and the soil sampling box bottom cover 204 form a closed space for collecting soil samples. Here, raised guide blocks are provided on both sides of the rainwater sampling box 201, and guide grooves for accommodating the guide blocks are provided on the inner side walls of the soil sampling box 202. The guide blocks slide in the guide grooves, so that the rainwater sampling box 201 is slidably installed in the soil sampling box 202. With this setting, when the rotating shaft 4025 drives the clamping assembly to rotate the soil sampling box 202, the rainwater sampling box 201 slides in the soil sampling box 202 and compacts the soil samples, making the soil samples inside the soil sampling box 202 more evenly distributed and reducing the offset of the soil samples, thereby ensuring the center of gravity stability of the drone 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 , the drone subsystem further includes a drone gripper unit 8, and the drone gripper unit 8 includes a gripper mounting block 801, drone grippers 802, a first spring 803, a second spring 804, and a wedge-shaped pushing block 805. The gripper mounting block 801 is detachably installed at the bottom of the drone 1, and a groove is provided on the side wall of the gripper mounting block 801. Here, the installation method of the gripper mounting block 801 is not limited. The gripper mounting block 801 can be detachably installed at the bottom of the drone 1 by screws, or the gripper mounting block 801 can also be detachably installed at the bottom of the drone 1 in a snap-fit manner. The number of the drone grippers 802 is two. The two drone grippers 802 are slidably installed in the groove. The sliding directions of the two drone grippers 802 are parallel to each other. The sliding direction of the drone grippers 802 is perpendicular to the side wall of the soil sampling box 202. The two drone grippers 802 clamp the upper part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box 202. The wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is slidably installed in the groove of the gripper mounting block 801. The sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the drone grippers 802. A wedge-shaped surface matching the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is provided at one end of the drone grippers 802 located in the groove of the gripper mounting block 801. The wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is located between the two drone grippers 802, and the sliding of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 will push the drone grippers 802 to open to both sides. The compression direction of the first spring 803 is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805. One end of the first spring 803 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the groove of the jaw mounting block 801, and the other end of the first spring 803 is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped pushing block 805. The number of the second springs 804 is two. The two second springs 804 correspond to the two drone jaws 802 one by one. The compression direction of the second spring 804 is parallel to the sliding direction of the drone jaw 802. One end of the second spring 804 is fixedly connected to one end of the drone jaw 802 located in the groove of the jaw mounting block 801, and the other end of the second spring 804 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the groove of the jaw mounting block 801. Here, when the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is in the initial position, the bottom end surface of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 coincides with the bottom end surface of the jaw mounting block 801. When the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 slides upward under an external force, the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 will squeeze the first spring 803 to compress it and cause the two drone jaws 802 to open to both sides. At this time, the drone jaws 802 will squeeze the second spring 804. When the external force is withdrawn, the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 resets under the action of the first spring 803, and the two drone jaws 802 close under the action of the second spring 804. Through this setting, through the cooperation mode of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 and the wedge surface, the opening and closing actions of the drone jaws 802 can be realized with a smaller driving force, reducing the power requirement for the driving device, reducing the energy consumption of the drone 1, and being beneficial to extending the endurance time of the drone 1. The cooperation of the wedge mechanism and the spring makes the opening and closing process of the drone jaws 802 stable and controllable, improving the clamping reliability of the sampling box during the operation of the drone 1.

[0027] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 7 , and it is characterized in that the clamping assembly includes a bearing platform 4011 and clamping blocks 4012; The bearing platform 4011 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 4025. A chamber is arranged inside the bearing platform 4011. A first window penetrating through is arranged on the upper end surface of the bearing platform 4011, and the size of the first window is larger than the size of the soil sampling box 202. A second window penetrating through is arranged on the lower end surface of the bearing platform 4011, and the size of the second window is smaller than the size of the soil sampling box 202. The number of the clamping blocks 4012 is two. The sliding directions of the two clamping blocks 4012 are parallel to each other. The sliding direction of the clamping block 4012 is perpendicular to the side wall of the soil sampling box 202. The two clamping blocks 4012 slide towards each other and clamp the lower part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box 202. Here, guiding inclined surfaces that incline towards the interior of the chamber are provided on both sides of the first window, and the guiding inclined surfaces facilitate the soil sampling box 202 to enter the chamber through the first window. Here, when the soil sampling box 202 is located inside the chamber, the soil sampling box 202 is blocked by the second window to prevent it from falling out of the bearing platform 4011, and the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 is higher than the upper end surface of the bearing platform 4011. Here, guiding protrusions are provided on the opposite side walls inside the chamber, the guiding direction of the guiding protrusions is parallel to the sliding direction of the clamping block 4012, guiding grooves matching the guiding protrusions are provided at both ends of the clamping block 4012, and the clamping block 4012 is slidably mounted inside the chamber through the guiding grooves and the guiding protrusions. A through transportation channel is provided in the middle of the UAV landing platform 701. When the cross plate of the landing gear 101 is pressed down by the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 through rotation into the positioning groove 7021, the soil sampling box 202 clamped by the UAV 1 is located in the transportation channel. At this time, the position where the soil sampling box 202 is located is the handover position, and the bearing platform 4011 transports the soil sampling box 202 between the handover position and the sampling position. Here, when the soil sampling box 202 is located at the handover position, the upper part of the soil sampling box 202 is between the two UAV grippers 802, and the lower part of the soil sampling box 202 is inside the chamber. Through this setting, the soil sampling box 202 can be transported to different working positions under the drive of the bearing platform 4011 and the clamping block 4012, providing guarantee for the entire sampling work process.

[0028] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 7 , the transportation module 401 further includes an unlocking assembly; the unlocking assembly includes a moving block 4013, a long slot 4014, an unlocking push rod 4015, an unlocking spring 4016, a first connecting rod 4017, and a second connecting rod 4018. The moving block 4013 is slidably mounted inside the chamber of the bearing platform 4011, the sliding direction of the moving block 4013 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block 4012, and the sliding direction of the moving block 4013 is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider 4022. A long slot 4014 parallel to the sliding direction of the moving block 4013 is formed through the side wall of the bearing platform 4011; the unlocking push rod 4015 is fixedly mounted on the moving block 4013, and one end of the unlocking push rod 4015 extends out of the side wall of the bearing platform 4011 through the long slot 4014. One end of the unlocking spring 4016 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the chamber of the bearing platform 4011, and the other end of the unlocking spring 4016 is fixedly connected to the moving block 4013; One end of the first connecting rod 4017 is hinged to the moving block 4013, and the other end of the first connecting rod 4017 is hinged to one of the clamping blocks 4012. The rotation axis of the first connecting rod 4017 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block 4012; One end of the second connecting rod 4018 is hinged to the moving block 4013, and the other end of the second connecting rod 4018 is hinged to the other clamping block 4012. The rotation axis of the second connecting rod 4018 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block 4012; The upper part of the bearing platform 4011 extends into the transportation channel driven by the slider 4022, and one end of the unlocking push rod 4015 extending out of the bearing platform 4011 is partially located outside the transportation channel; Here, the first connecting rod 4017 is hinged below one of the clamping blocks 4012. When the moving block 4013 slides downward, the first connecting rod 4017 rotates and pushes one of the clamping blocks 4012 away from the side wall of the soil sampling box 202. The second connecting rod 4018 is hinged below the other clamping block 4012. When the moving block 4013 slides downward, the second connecting rod 4018 rotates and pushes the other clamping block 4012 away from the side wall of the soil sampling box 202. The first connecting rod 4017 and the second connecting rod 4018 rotate simultaneously to release the clamping of the soil sampling box 202 by the clamping blocks 4012; The upper part of the bearing platform 4011 extends into the transportation channel driven by the slider 4022, and one end of the unlocking push rod 4015 extending out of the bearing platform 4011 is partially located outside the transportation channel; When the upper part of the bearing platform 4011 extends into the transportation channel, the unlocking push rod 4015 slides downward, and the two clamping blocks 4012 slide away from each other through the first connecting rod 4017 and the second connecting rod 4018; Here, during the upward sliding of the carrying platform 4011 to the handover position, the unlocking rod is located outside the transportation channel and is blocked by the lower end face of the drone landing platform 701. When the carrying platform 4011 continues to move upward, it forces the unlocking push rod 4015 to move downward, thereby causing the moving block 4013 to move downward. The moving block 4013 drives the first connecting rod 4017 and the second connecting rod 4018 to rotate, causing the two clamping blocks 4012 to loosen the clamping of the soil sampling box 202. When the soil sampling box 202 is at the handover position, the unlocking push rod 4015 contacts the drone landing platform 701 and makes the two clamping blocks 4012 in the unlocked state; when the carrying platform 4011 disengages from the transportation channel, the moving block 4013 moves upward under the action of the unlocking spring 4016. The upward movement of the moving block 4013 drives the first connecting rod 4017 and the second connecting rod 4018 to rotate, causing the two clamping blocks 4012 to slide towards each other and clamp the soil sampling box 202. With this setting, when the carrying platform 4011 drives the soil sampling box 202 to the handover position, the unlocking push rod 4015 contacts the drone landing platform 701. The unlocking push rod 4015 enables the two clamping blocks 4012 to contact and clamp the soil sampling box 202 through the first connecting rod 4017 and the second connecting rod 4018 to achieve automatic unlocking. When leaving the handover position of the clamping block 4012, the elastic force of the unlocking spring 4016 can automatically clamp the soil sampling box 202, enhancing the automation level of the sampling system. In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the drone subsystem further includes a push-pull electromagnet 9 and an unlocking channel 10 for unlocking the drone gripper unit 8. A push-pull electromagnet 9 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the carrying platform 4011. The push-pull electromagnet is located below the wedge-shaped pushing block 805. The telescopic direction of the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet 9 is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805. The wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is located below the wedge-shaped surface. Here, the push-pull electromagnet includes a coil and a push rod. When the coil is energized, an electric current generates a magnetic field. The push rod is drawn into the interior of the coil under the action of the electromagnetic force to achieve the extending action; after the push rod reaches the specified position, the coil continues to be energized to maintain the magnetic field and keep the push rod fixed; after the coil is de-energized, the magnetic field disappears, and the push rod returns to the initial position by the spring force or its own weight. An unlocking channel 10 penetrating through to the inside of the groove is provided at the bottom end face of the gripper mounting block 801. The telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet 9 extends into the groove through the unlocking channel 10 and pushes the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 upward to move, thereby causing the drone gripper 802 to open outward to unlock the clamping of the soil sampling box 202. When the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 and the lower end surface of the drone gripper 802 are on the same plane, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet 9 contacts the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 to unlock the drone gripper 802; During the process of transporting the soil sampling box 202 from the sampling position to the handover position, when the soil sampling box 202 slides upward to the handover position, the upper half of the soil sampling box 202 is located between the two drone grippers 802; Here, please refer to Figure 11 , when the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 and the lower end surface of the drone gripper 802 are on the same plane, the distance that the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 needs to move when the drone gripper 802 opens from the closed state is a, the coil is energized to extend the push rod, and the distance that the push rod extends into the unlocking channel 10 and lifts the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is b, the maximum displacement length of the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 in the unlocking channel 10 is c, and the unlocking stroke of the unlocking push rod 4015 is d; when the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 and the lower end surface of the drone gripper 802 are on the same plane, b is greater than or equal to a to ensure that the soil sampling box 202 can move between the two drone grippers 802 during the movement of the soil sampling box 202 towards the handover position; when the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 and the lower end surface of the drone gripper 802 are on the same plane, the unlocking push rod 4015 just touches the lower end surface of the drone landing platform 701, and d is less than or equal to c - a; to ensure that the soil sampling box 202 can move from the position where the upper end surface of the soil sampling box 202 and the lower end surface of the drone gripper 802 are on the same plane to the position where the soil sampling box 202 is at the handover position; When the drone 1 is ready to transport the soil sampling box 202, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet 9 retracts and disengages from the contact with the wedge-shaped pushing block 805, so that the drone gripper 802 clamps the upper part of the soil sampling box 202; Here, please refer to Figure 12 , when the drone 1 is ready to transport the soil sampling box 202, at this time the carrying platform 4011 carries the soil sampling box 202 at the handover position. To let the drone gripper 802 clamp the soil sampling box 202, the coil is powered off at this time, causing the push rod to retract due to gravity, and the push rod no longer lifts the wedge-shaped pushing block 805; at this time, the second spring 804 gives the drone gripper 802 an elastic force to clamp the soil sampling box 202, preparing for the drone 1 to transport the soil sampling box 202; Here, Figure 12Among them, the maximum descending distance of the buffer platform 7025 is e. When the UAV 1 gripping the soil sampling box 202 just lands on the UAV landing platform 701, the buffer platform 7025 has not descended yet. At this time, the coil is energized to extend the push rod, and the distance between the push rod and the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 is f. In this embodiment, when the UAV 1 gripping the soil sampling box 202 just lands on the UAV landing platform 701, the push rod just contacts the wedge-shaped pushing block 805, so f is equal to 0. When the UAV 1 just lands on the buffer platform 7025, the unlocking push rod 4015 drives the clamping block 4012 to be in the unlocked state. When the rotary power source 7023 drives the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 to press down the UAV 1, c is greater than or equal to e to ensure that the UAV 1 drives the soil sampling box 202 to slide downward to the handover position; when the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 presses down the UAV 1, e is greater than or equal to the sum of a and f to ensure that the UAV 1 can unlock the UAV gripper 802 through the push rod during the descending process; With this setting, when the UAV 1 gripping the soil sampling box 202 is in the handover position, only the push-pull electromagnet 9 and the carrier platform 4011 need to cooperate to realize the automatic opening or clamping of the UAV gripper 802. This design does not require the UAV 1 to provide additional power by itself, significantly reducing energy consumption, and at the same time improving the automation level of the sampling system through mechanical linkage.

[0029] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 , the soil collection unit 6 further includes a horizontal electric push rod 602 and a vertical electric push rod 603; The soil clamp 601 includes an electric telescopic rod 511 and a soil shoveling gripper 6012; The number of the soil shoveling grippers 6012 is two. The soil shoveling grippers 6012 are relatively installed at both ends of the electric telescopic rod 511, and the soil shoveling grippers 6012 collect soil according to the expansion and contraction of the electric telescopic rod 511; Here, a soil shovel is provided at the end of the soil shoveling gripper 6012. The soil shovel is designed to slope downward for easy insertion into the soil, and the soil sample is clamped and transported by the opening and closing of the two soil shovels; The soil clamp 601 is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the vertical electric push rod 603, and the vertical electric push rod 603 moves the soil clamp 601 away from or close to the ground and makes the soil clamp 601 penetrate into the soil sampling box 202; The horizontal electric push rod 602 is fixedly installed on the base of the base station 3, and the vertical electric push rod 603 is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the horizontal electric push rod 602; When the soil sampling box 202 is transported to the sampling position by the carrier platform 4011, the opening of the soil inlet of the soil sampling box 202 faces upward, and the horizontal electric push rod 602 moves the soil clamp 601 above the soil inlet; Here, the soil clamp 601 can also be in the form of a combination of an electric gripper 6011 and a soil-shoveling gripper 6012; in this embodiment, it is adopted as Figure 8 the electric gripper 6011; two telescopic ends are slidably mounted on the electric gripper 6011, and the sliding directions of the two telescopic ends of the electric gripper 6011 are parallel to the ground, and the two telescopic ends of the electric gripper 6011 slide relatively synchronously. Two soil-shoveling grippers 6012 are oppositely mounted on the two telescopic ends of the electric gripper 6011, and the electric gripper 6011 drives the two soil-shoveling grippers 6012 to close to clamp a soil sample; Here, when the soil sampling box 202 is at the handover position, the rainwater sampling box 201 is located above and the soil sampling box 202 is located below. When at the sampling position, the clamping block 4012 makes the soil sampling box 202 located above through the rotating shaft 4025, and the rainwater sampling box 201 is located below; and the soil inlet faces upward and the rainwater inlet faces downward; Here, the vertical electric push rod 603 first drives the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 to move downward and insert into the ground, the electric gripper 6011 drives the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 to close to clamp a soil sample, and then the vertical electric push rod 603 drives the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 to reset. When the soil sampling box 202 is at the sampling position, the horizontal electric push rod 602 drives the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 to be directly above the soil inlet, and then the vertical electric push rod 603 drives the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 to move downward and overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 203 to open the bottom cover 204 of the soil sampling box and penetrate into the interior of the soil sampling box 202. At this time, the electric gripper 6011 drives the two soil-shoveling grippers 6012 to open to release the soil sample; after the soil sample is placed, the soil-shoveling gripper 6012 is restored to the initial position; Here, please refer to Figure 13 The sampling base station subsystem is arranged facing away from the landslide. When the sampling base station subsystem is arranged facing away from the landslide, there is no obstruction of the base pedestal 3 in front of the collected soil sample, and the water content of the collected soil sample will be more accurate, making the data for preventing landslides more accurate.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 10 , and it is characterized in that the sampling box unit 2 further includes an annular magnet 206, a circular magnet 207, a water delivery pipe 208, a first water delivery hole 5021 and a second water delivery hole 209; A rainwater inlet is provided on the upper end surface of the rainwater sampling box 201; the water delivery pipe 208 is fixedly installed at the rainwater inlet; One end of the water delivery pipe 208 communicates with the rainwater inlet, and the other end of the water delivery pipe 208 is closed; The annular magnet 206 is fixedly installed in the water delivery pipe 208, The circular magnet 207 is slidably installed in the water delivery pipe 208, and the sliding direction of the circular magnet 207 is parallel to the sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box 201; the circular magnet 207 and the annular magnet 206 are magnetically attracted to close the connection between the rainwater inlet and the water delivery pipe 208; A plurality of first water delivery holes 5021 are formed in the end side wall of the water delivery head 502; A plurality of second water delivery holes 209 are formed through the side wall of the water delivery channel. When the circular magnet 207 slides to the maximum distance from the annular magnet 206, which is the farthest distance of the circular magnet 207, the second water delivery holes 209 are located between the farthest distance of the circular magnet 207 and the annular magnet 206; After the water delivery head 502 extends into the water delivery pipe 208, it passes through the annular magnet 206 and pushes open the circular magnet 207. At this time, the first water delivery holes 5021 are connected to the inside of the rainwater sampling box 201 through the second water delivery holes 209; When the rainwater sampling box 201 is transported to the sampling position by the carrying platform 4011, the opening of the rainwater inlet of the rainwater sampling box 201 faces downward, and the water delivery head 502 is located directly below the rainwater opening; Here, when the rainwater sampling box 201 is in the sampling position, the water delivery head 502 enters the water delivery pipe 208, pushes open the circular magnet 207, and conveys the rainwater sample through the first water delivery holes 5021 and the second water delivery holes 209; With this setting, when the soil sampling box 202 is in the sampling position, the rainwater sampling box 201 is also in the sampling position, and the water delivery head 502 starts to convey the rainwater sample. At this time, the soil collection unit 6 is driven to convey the soil sample into the soil sampling box 202. Two samples are conveyed at one sampling position, saving the operation space of the equipment and simplifying the operation process.

[0031] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , characterized in that the rainwater collection unit 5 further includes a first liquid storage cylinder 505, a second liquid storage cylinder 506, a third spring 507, a piston 508, hydraulic oil 509, a communication pipe 510 and a telescopic rod 511; The first liquid storage cylinder 505 is fixedly installed on the base 3 of the base station; The telescopic rod 511 is slidably installed inside the first liquid storage cylinder 505, and one end of the telescopic rod 511 slides out of the first liquid storage cylinder 505. The sliding direction of the telescopic rod 511 is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider 4022; One end of the communication pipe 510 communicates with the inside of the first liquid storage cylinder 505, the other end of the communication pipe 510 communicates with the inside of the second liquid storage cylinder 506, and the inner diameter of the communication pipe 510 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first liquid storage cylinder 505; The communication area inside the first liquid storage cylinder 505 and the second liquid storage cylinder 506 is a storage area for storing hydraulic oil 509; The piston 508 is slidably installed in the second liquid storage cylinder 506; The compression direction of the third spring 507 is parallel to the sliding direction of the piston 508. One end of the third spring 507 is fixedly connected to the piston 508, and the other end of the third spring 507 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the second liquid storage cylinder 506; The water delivery head 502 is fixedly installed on the telescopic rod 511; When the water delivery head 502 is at the highest position, the water delivery head 502 is above the rain collection cylinder 501. When the water delivery head 502 is at the lowest position, the water delivery head 502 is below the rain collection cylinder 501; Here, the rainwater collection unit 5 further includes a connecting plate 504. The connecting plate 504 is fixedly installed on a section of the telescopic rod 511 that slides out of the first liquid storage cylinder 505, and the water delivery head 502 is fixedly installed on the connecting plate 504; Here, when the rainwater sampling box 201 descends to the sampling position with the carrying platform 4011, the water delivery head 502 is pressed down to trigger the telescopic rod 511 to retract into the first liquid storage cylinder 505. The hydraulic oil 509 in the first liquid storage cylinder 505 is slowly injected into the second liquid storage cylinder 506 through the narrow connecting pipe 510, pushing the piston 508 to compress the third spring 507 to form a dynamic balance. During this process, the water delivery head 502 is completely below the liquid level of the rain collection cylinder 501 to discharge rainwater; when the carrying platform 4011 rises, the throttling design of the connecting pipe 510 keeps the telescopic rod 511 retracting slowly. There is a speed difference between the slider 4022 and the telescopic rod 511, and the rainwater sampling box 201 is separated from the water delivery head 502. At this time, the circular magnet 207 and the annular magnet 206 are magnetically attracted to close the rainwater inlet. The third spring 507 gives the piston 508 an elastic force to reset the piston 508 and drive the hydraulic oil 509 to slowly flow back. The telescopic rod 511 slowly extends to make the water delivery head 502 return to the initial position, and the excess rainwater in the rain collection cylinder 501 is discharged during the slow rise of the water delivery head 502; Through this setting, using the principle of communicating vessels, the water delivery head 502 is used to transport rainwater samples and discharge excess rainwater samples, saving power sources such as water pumps, increasing the reliability of the equipment and saving energy consumption; Through this setting, during the process of the rainwater sampling box 201 contacting and pressing down the water delivery head 502, the telescopic rod 511, the first liquid storage cylinder 505, the second liquid storage cylinder 506, and the hydraulic oil 509 can play a buffering role, increasing the stability of the entire sampling system; With this setting, the narrow inner diameter of the communicating vessel slows down the flow of the hydraulic oil 509, thereby delaying the sliding of the telescopic rod 511, creating a speed difference between the connecting plate 504 and the slider 4022, and then separating the water delivery head 502 from the rainwater sampling box 201. This throttling design achieves the smooth separation and efficient drainage of the water delivery head 502 and the rainwater sampling box 201 through natural delay, without the need for an additional power source and significantly improving the system stability and energy consumption efficiency.

[0032] The specific usage method of this embodiment is as follows: The working sequence of an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for landslide prevention is to first determine the landslide area to be detected where samples are to be collected. After determination, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 flies to the sampling base subsystem in this area and lands on the unmanned aerial vehicle landing platform 701; at this time, the coil is energized to extend the push rod; then the rotary power source 7023 drives the L-shaped pressing plate 7024 to press the landing gear 101 into the positioning groove 7021, and at the same time drives the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 to move downward; when the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 descends, the push rod extends into the unlocking channel 10 and pushes the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 upward, causing the wedge-shaped pushing block 805 to move upward and the unmanned aerial vehicle gripper 802 to open to both sides. At this time, the soil sampling box 202 is at the handover position, part of it is inside the carrying platform 4011, part of it is between the two unmanned aerial vehicle grippers 802, and the rainwater sampling box 201 is above, with the rainwater inlet facing upward and the soil inlet facing downward; Next, the linear power source 4023 drives the slider 4022 and drives the carrying platform 4011 to move downward. The unlocking push rod 4015 gradually moves upward under the drive of the unlocking spring 4016. The unlocking spring 4016 gives the moving block 4013 an elastic force to make the moving block 4013 move upward, and then the clamping block 4012 clamps the soil sampling box 202. When the soil sampling box 202 completely leaves the transportation channel, the rotary power source 4024 drives the rotating shaft 4025 to rotate the carrying platform 4011, making the soil inlet of the soil sampling box 202 face upward and the rainwater inlet of the rainwater sampling box 201 face downward; The carrying platform 4011 continues to descend, and the rainwater sampling box 201 presses down the water delivery head 502 and the connecting plate 504. When the soil sampling box 202 and the rainwater sampling box 201 reach the sampling position, the water delivery head 502 extends into the rainwater sampling box 201 and pushes open the circular magnet 207; when the rainwater sampling box 201 presses the water delivery head 502 below the liquid level of the rainwater collection cylinder 501, the water delivery head 502 starts to deliver water; When releasing the rainwater sample, the vertical electric push rod 603 drives the soil shoveling claw 6012 to insert into the ground, and the electric clamp 6011 closes the two soil shoveling claws 6012. The two soil shoveling claws 6012 clamp the soil sample and then reset; the horizontal electric push rod 602 moves the soil shoveling claw 6012 to above the soil entrance, and the vertical electric push rod 603 presses down again. The soil shoveling claw 6012 overcomes the elastic force of the torsion spring 203 to open the bottom cover 204 of the soil sampling box and release the soil sample. After release, the vertical electric push rod 603 and the horizontal electric push rod 602 reset; After both samples are collected, the slider 4022 drives the carrying platform 4011 to move upward. During the upward movement, due to the different rising speeds of the slider 4022 and the telescopic rod 511, the telescopic rod 511 drives the water delivery head 502 to slowly rise, and the water delivery head 502 leaves the rainwater sampling box 201. The circular magnet 207 and the annular magnet 206 magnetically close the rainwater inlet, and the water delivery head 502 discharges excess rainwater during the rising process. At the same time, the rotating power source 7023 drives the rotating shaft 4025 to rotate, and the soil sample in the soil sampling box 202 is flattened and the center of gravity is stable through the rainwater sampling box 201 and the centrifugal force; During the process of the carrying platform 4011 transporting the soil sampling box 202 upward to the handover position, the unlocking push rod 4015 is located outside the transportation channel and is blocked by the lower end surface of the drone landing platform 701. The carrying platform 4011 continues to move upward to force the unlocking push rod 4015 to move downward, and the clamping block 4012 releases the clamping of the soil sampling box 202. When the soil sampling box 202 is at the handover position, the drone clamp 802 is in an open state. At this time, the coil stops supplying power, the push rod of the push-pull electromagnet 9 retracts due to gravity, the wedge-shaped push block 805 moves downward under the action of the first spring 803, and the drone clamp 802 clamps the soil sampling box 202 under the action of the second spring 804; Finally, the rotating power source 7023 causes the L-shaped pressure plate 7024 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the UAV 1 slowly rises. After the buffer platform 7025 is reset, the UAV 1 carries the collected samples and flies back to the testing station for testing.

[0033] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drone sampling system for preventing landslides, characterized in that: The sampling system comprises: A drone subsystem, the drone subsystem comprising a drone and a sampling box unit detachably mounted on the drone; the sampling box unit comprising a rainwater sampling box and a soil sampling box, the rainwater sampling box being provided with a rainwater inlet, and the soil sampling box being provided with a soil inlet; A plurality of sampling base station subsystems, wherein the plurality of sampling base station subsystems are distributed in the area to be monitored; the sampling base station subsystem comprises a base station base, a transfer unit, a rainwater collection unit and a soil collection unit; the transfer unit comprises a transport module and a lifting and rotating module; the lifting and rotating module comprises a vertical guide component and a rotating component; the vertical guide component comprises a slide rail and a slider, the slide rail is fixedly mounted on the base station base, the guide direction of the slide rail is perpendicular to the ground, and the slider is slidably mounted on the slide rail; the rotating component comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the slider, and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slider; The transport module includes a clamping assembly, which is fixedly mounted on a rotating shaft and transports the soil sampling box and the rainwater sampling box from the drone to a sampling location; The rainwater collection unit includes a rainwater collecting cylinder, a water delivery head and a bellows. The rainwater collecting cylinder is fixedly mounted on the base of the base station. One end of the bellows is connected to the rainwater collecting cylinder, and the other end of the bellows is connected to the water delivery head. When the rainwater sampling box reaches the sampling position, the water delivery head extends into the rainwater sampling box through the rainwater inlet. The soil collection unit comprises a soil clamp. When the soil sampling box reaches the sampling position, the soil clamp extends into the soil sampling box through the soil inlet.

2. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling base station subsystem also includes a drone positioning unit; the drone positioning unit includes a drone landing platform and a landing support module; The UAV is fixedly provided with two landing gears for landing, and the landing gears are provided with a vertical plate for connecting the UAV and a horizontal plate for increasing the landing area; The UAV landing platform is fixedly mounted on the base of the base station, and a landing support module is arranged on the UAV landing platform. The number of the landing support modules is two, and the two landing support modules correspond to the two landing gears respectively; the landing support modules each include a positioning groove, a buffer spring, a rotation power source, an L-shaped pressure plate and a buffer platform; The positioning groove is provided on the upper end surface of the UAV landing platform; The buffer platform is slidably installed in the positioning groove, and the sliding direction of the buffer platform is parallel to the lifting direction of the UAV; The buffer spring is fixedly installed inside the positioning groove, one end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the positioning groove, and the other end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the buffer platform; The rotating power source is fixedly mounted on the UAV landing platform; The vertical end of the L-shaped pressure plate is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary power source, the rotation axis of the L-shaped pressure plate is parallel to the rotation axis of the output shaft of the rotary power source, the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressure plate is located above the buffer platform, and the cross plate of the landing gear is located on the rotation trajectory of the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressure plate, and the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressure plate contacts the cross plate of the landing gear through rotation and presses the landing gear down into the positioning groove.

3. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sampling box unit also includes a torsion spring, a soil sampling box bottom cover and a rotating shaft; The soil inlet is arranged at the bottom of the soil sampling box; The number of the bottom covers of the soil sampling box is two, a rotating shaft is arranged on one end of the bottom cover of the soil sampling box, the bottom cover of the soil sampling box is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the soil sampling box through the rotating shaft, and the two bottom covers of the soil sampling box are located on both sides of the bottom of the soil sampling box and open and close the soil entrance; The torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the bottom cover of the soil sampling box, one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the bottom cover of the soil sampling box, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the side wall inside the soil sampling box; The rainwater sampling box is slidably installed in the soil sampling box, and the sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the soil sampling box. The lower end surface of the rainwater sampling box and the side walls and bottom cover of the soil sampling box form a closed space, and the closed space is used to collect soil samples.

4. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drone subsystem further includes a drone gripper unit, the drone gripper unit including a gripper mounting block, a drone gripper, a first spring, a second spring, and a wedge-shaped push block; The clamping claw mounting block is detachably mounted on the bottom of the drone, and a groove is provided on the side wall of the clamping claw mounting block; The number of the drone clamps is two, and the two drone clamps are slidably installed in the grooves, the sliding directions of the two drone clamps are parallel, the sliding directions of the drone clamps are perpendicular to the side walls of the soil sampling box, and the two drone clamps clamp the upper part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box; The wedge-shaped push block is slidably mounted in the groove of the clamping jaw mounting block, the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped push block is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the drone clamping jaw, one end of the drone clamping jaw located in the groove of the clamping jaw mounting block is provided with a wedge-shaped surface matching the wedge-shaped push block, the wedge-shaped push block is located between the two drone clamping jaws, and the sliding of the wedge-shaped push block will push the drone clamping jaws to open to both sides; The compression direction of the first spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the groove of the clamping jaw mounting block, and the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped pushing block; There are two second springs, and the two second springs correspond one to one with the two drone clamps. The compression direction of the second spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the drone clamp. One end of the second spring is fixedly connected to one end of the drone clamp located in the groove of the clamp mounting block, and the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the groove of the clamp mounting block.

5. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises a carrying platform and a clamping block; The carrying platform is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft, a chamber is arranged inside the carrying platform, a first through window is arranged on the upper end surface of the carrying platform, and the size of the first window is larger than the size of the soil sampling box; a second through window is arranged on the lower end surface of the carrying platform, and the size of the second window is smaller than the size of the soil sampling box; There are two clamping blocks, the sliding directions of the two clamping blocks are parallel, the sliding directions of the two clamping blocks are perpendicular to the side walls of the soil sampling box, and the two clamping blocks slide towards each other and clamp the lower part of the outer wall of the soil sampling box; A transport passage is provided in the middle of the drone landing platform; When the horizontal plate of the landing gear is pressed down into the positioning groove by the horizontal end of the L-shaped pressure plate through rotation, the soil sampling box clamped by the drone is located in the transportation channel. At this time, the position of the soil sampling box is the handover position, and the carrying platform transports the soil sampling box between the handover position and the sampling position.

6. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transport module further comprises an unlocking assembly; the unlocking assembly comprises a moving block, an elongated hole, an unlocking push rod, an unlocking spring, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod; The moving block is slidably mounted inside the chamber of the carrying platform, the sliding direction of the moving block is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block, and the sliding direction of the moving block is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider; The side wall of the carrying platform is provided with a long hole parallel to the sliding direction of the moving block; the unlocking push rod is fixedly mounted on the moving block, and one end of the unlocking push rod extends out of the side wall of the carrying platform through the long hole; One end of the unlocking spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the chamber of the carrying platform, and the other end of the unlocking spring is fixedly connected to the moving block; One end of the first connecting rod is hinged on the moving block, the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged on one of the clamping blocks, and the rotation axis of the first connecting rod is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block; One end of the second connecting rod is hinged on the moving block, the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged on another clamping block, and the rotation axis of the second connecting rod is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the clamping block; The upper part of the carrying platform is extended into the transport channel under the drive of the slider, and the end of the unlocking push rod extending out of the carrying platform is located outside the transport channel; When the upper part of the carrying platform extends into the transport channel, the unlocking push rod slides downward and causes the two clamping blocks to slide back to back through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.

7. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drone subsystem also includes a push-pull electromagnet and an unlocking channel for unlocking the drone gripper unit; A push-pull electromagnet is fixedly installed on the side wall of the carrying platform, and the push-pull electromagnet is located below the wedge-shaped pushing block. The telescopic direction of the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet is parallel to the sliding direction of the wedge-shaped pushing block, and the wedge-shaped pushing block is located below the wedge-shaped surface; The bottom end surface of the clamping claw mounting block is provided with an unlocking channel that penetrates into the interior of the groove, and the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet extends into the interior of the groove through the unlocking channel and pushes the wedge-shaped pushing block upward to move so that the clamping claw of the drone opens outward to unlock the clamping of the soil sampling box; When the upper end surface of the soil sampling box and the lower end surface of the drone clamp are located in the same plane, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet contacts the wedge-shaped push block to unlock the drone clamp; In the process of transporting the soil sampling box from the sampling position to the handover position, when the soil sampling box slides upward to the handover position, the upper half of the soil sampling box is located between the two drone grippers; When the drone is ready to transport the soil sampling box, the telescopic end of the push-pull electromagnet retracts and breaks away from the contact with the wedge-shaped pushing block, so that the drone clamping claw clamps the upper part of the soil sampling box.

8. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil collection unit also includes a horizontal electric push rod and a vertical electric push rod; The soil clamp comprises an electric telescopic rod and a soil shoveling claw; There are two soil-shoveling claws, which are relatively mounted at two ends of the electric telescopic rod, and collect soil according to the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod; The soil clamp is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the vertical electric push rod, and the vertical electric push rod makes the soil clamp stay away from or close to the ground and makes the soil clamp penetrate into the soil sampling box; The horizontal electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the base of the base station, and the vertical electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the horizontal electric push rod; When the soil sampling box is transported to the sampling position by the carrying platform, the opening of the soil inlet of the soil sampling box faces upward, and the horizontal electric push rod moves the soil clamp to above the soil inlet.

9. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling box unit also includes an annular magnet, a circular magnet, a water delivery pipe, a first water delivery hole and a second water delivery hole; The upper end surface of the rainwater sampling box is provided with a rainwater inlet; the water delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the rainwater inlet; One end of the water pipe is connected to the rainwater inlet, and the other end of the water pipe is closed; The annular magnet is fixedly installed in the water pipe. The circular magnet is slidably installed in the water pipe, and the sliding direction of the circular magnet is parallel to the sliding direction of the rainwater sampling box; the circular magnet and the annular magnet are magnetically attracted to each other to close the connection between the rainwater inlet and the water pipe; A plurality of first water delivery holes are provided on the end side wall of the water delivery head; A plurality of second water delivery holes are formed through the side wall of the water delivery channel. When the circular magnet slides to the maximum distance from the annular magnet, the circular magnet is at its farthest distance. The second water delivery holes are located between the farthest distance of the circular magnet and the annular magnet. After the water delivery head is inserted into the water delivery pipe, it passes through the annular magnet and pushes open the circular magnet. At this time, the first water delivery hole is connected to the rainwater sampling box through the second water delivery hole; When the rainwater sampling box is transported to the sampling position by the carrying platform, the opening of the rainwater inlet of the rainwater sampling box faces downward, and the water delivery head is located directly below the rainwater opening.

10. The unmanned aerial vehicle sampling system for preventing landslides according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rainwater collection unit also includes a first liquid storage cylinder, a second liquid storage cylinder, a third spring, a piston, hydraulic oil, a connecting pipe and a telescopic rod; The first liquid storage cylinder is fixedly mounted on the base station base; The telescopic rod is slidably installed inside the first liquid storage cylinder, one end of the telescopic rod slides out of the first liquid storage cylinder, and the sliding direction of the telescopic rod is parallel to the sliding direction of the slider; One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the first liquid storage cylinder, and the other end of the connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the second liquid storage cylinder. The inner diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the first liquid storage cylinder. The communicating area inside the first liquid storage cylinder and the second liquid storage cylinder is a storage area, and the storage area is used to store hydraulic oil; The piston is slidably mounted in the second liquid storage cylinder; The compression direction of the third spring is parallel to the sliding direction of the piston, one end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the second liquid storage cylinder; The water delivery head is fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod; When the water delivery head is located at the highest position, the water delivery head is located above the rain collecting cylinder; when the water delivery head is located at the lowest position, the water delivery head is located below the rain collecting cylinder.

Images