Measurement method for field check of soil type boundary survey

Abstract

The invention discloses a measurement method for field checking of soil type boundary survey, which is applied to the field of soil survey and comprises the following steps: S1, positioning a checking point; s2, field observation and sampling; s3, soil profile analysis; s4, filling in a field check table; s5, photographing and recording; s6, cleaning and storing; the soil sampling drill with the manual hydraulic jack is adopted to complete sampling, time and labor are saved, the sampling efficiency is high, the thickness of the drill bit is gradually reduced from top to bottom, soil resistance can be effectively reduced, and the sampling drill rod can be conveniently inserted into soil for sampling; after the boundary position of the soil type is determined, soil scholars can be helped to rapidly and accurately measure soil layering and photograph local features of a soil generation layer, the measuring device with the soil profile ruler and the photographing miniature ruler integrally arranged is placed in the box body and is convenient to store, the portable design is adopted, multiple functions are integrated, the operation process is simplified, and the working efficiency is improved. The survey time is shortened, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil reconnaissance, and specifically to a measurement method for field verification of soil type boundary reconnaissance. Background Art

[0002] Soil type boundary reconnaissance is a key link in soil survey and mapping, and its accuracy directly affects the accuracy and reliability of soil maps. Traditional soil type boundary reconnaissance mainly relies on experienced soil scientists to visually judge factors such as soil profile characteristics, topography, and vegetation types to determine the boundary position.

[0003] When using the existing soil sampler, since a hammer needs to be used to strike during sampling, such an operation consumes physical strength and requires a variety of tools to be carried. It is not convenient to carry out field work and is not easy to carry, which affects the work efficiency and progress of field sampling. In addition, when using the existing soil sampler, at least two people are required to cooperate, which brings the trouble of requiring a large number of personnel, resulting in high costs, redundant personnel, and low efficiency.

[0004] After sampling is completed, when soil scientists conduct soil stratification analysis of the soil profile, a soft ruler dedicated to soil census with a black background and white characters is used. The width of the soft ruler is much smaller than the width of the sampling drill rod. During the measurement process, soil scientists need to divide the soil layers according to the soil profile characteristics. Different soil scientists have different understandings and judgments of soil profile characteristics, resulting in inconsistent boundary delineation results, affecting the objectivity and scientific nature of soil maps. After the division is completed, the above-mentioned dedicated soft ruler is also used to measure and record along the sampling soil column multiple times according to the divided soil layers, resulting in strong subjectivity, large measurement errors, and difficult to guarantee the measurement accuracy.

[0005] After that, according to the soil characteristics, local characteristic traits of the soil genetic horizon are taken off with a small knife, placed on a scale board, a magnetic micro ruler is taken out, and characteristic photos are taken with a camera, and the reference information of the characteristic photos is recorded.

[0006] Moreover, the magnetic micro ruler and the dedicated soft ruler are stored separately, which is not conducive to storage and preservation, inconvenient for measurement, and also inconvenient for taking characteristic photos. The work process is too cumbersome, with a large workload and low work efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale soil surveys. It is necessary to improve the drilling and measurement tools to improve work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a measurement method for field verification of soil type boundary reconnaissance. The soil sampler for soil sampling that is convenient for sampling and saves time and effort is used to complete the sampling. After determining the position of the soil type boundary, it can help soil scientists quickly and accurately measure the soil stratification and take photos of the local characteristics of the soil genetic horizon, simplify the work process, ensure the measurement accuracy, and greatly improve the work efficiency.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention includes the following steps: S1. Checkpoint positioning: Technicians accurately position each checkpoint with the aid of positioning equipment according to the pre-set suspicious patches and exploration points. S2. On-site observation and sampling: After arriving at the checkpoint, first conduct a comprehensive observation of the natural environment around the checkpoint, select typical positions within the suspicious patches, and then use a soil sampling drill for drilling to collect sampling soil columns. S3. Soil profile analysis: After pulling out the soil sampling drill, scrape off the loose soil on the observation surface of the drill with a knife, place the drill rod with the sampling soil column on the soil profile ruler of the measuring device, ensure that the ground position is aligned with the 0 scale line of the soil profile ruler, and technicians divide the soil layers according to the soil characteristics in the sampling soil column in combination with the measuring device. S4. Fill in the field check form: Fill in the field check form on-site, organize the data after returning, form a field check database, and finally form a soil type map. S5. Photograph and record: Use a knife to cut off the local characteristic traits of the typical soil horizons in the sampling soil column, place them in the soil placement area beside the magnetic micro ruler of the measuring device, and take photos with a camera for recording. S6. Clean and store: After all the work is completed, clean the loose soil on the measuring device and put it back into the box for storage.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the soil sampling drill in step S2 includes a support frame with a manual hydraulic jack clamped in the middle of the top end and a sampling drill rod fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the manual hydraulic jack through a docking seat. The bottom end of the support frame is fixedly provided with a bottom plate, and a groove corresponding to the sampling drill rod is opened in the middle position of the front end of the bottom plate. The docking seat is in fit connection with the sampling drill rod, and the end of the sampling drill rod is provided with a drill bit.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the thickness of the drill bit is arranged to decrease in the direction away from the sampling drill rod, and scale marks for conveniently checking the drilling depth are provided on the sampling drill rod.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the measuring device in step S3 includes a soil profile ruler and a photographing micro ruler arranged at the upper left of the soil profile ruler. The soil profile ruler is provided with scale lines, and the scale lines include 1-cm scale lines, 5-cm scale lines, and 10-cm scale lines. The length of the 10-cm scale line is twice that of the 5-cm scale line, and the 5-cm scale line is twice that of the 1-cm scale line. A length count value is provided on the right side of the 10-cm scale line, and the diameter of the sampling drill rod is between the length values of the 5-cm scale line and the 10-cm scale line.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: in step S3, after sampling is completed, the sampling drill rod is separated from the soil sampling drill and placed on the soil profile ruler, so that the ground position of the sampled soil column is aligned with the 0 scale line on the soil profile ruler, and the sampling depth line of the sampled soil column corresponds to the scale value on the soil profile ruler, which is the soil profile depth value at the sampling location.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the photographing micro ruler is a five - centimeter magnetic micro ruler, and iron powder is fixedly provided at the connection between the photographing micro ruler and the soil profile ruler, and the iron powder is fixedly adsorbed together with the photographing micro ruler.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: a soil placement area is provided on the soil profile ruler on the right side of the photographing micro ruler. In step S4, the local characteristics of the soil horizon taken from the sampled soil column are stored in the soil placement area for photographing and recording.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the ground position of the sampled soil column is aligned with the 0 scale line on the soil profile ruler, and the sampling depth line of the sampled soil column corresponds to the scale value on the soil profile ruler, which is the soil profile depth value at the sampling location.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: in step S5, after the floating soil on the measuring device is cleaned, the measuring device is wound into a column shape and stored in the box body, and the box body is movably provided with a box cover.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the top of the box cover is provided with a transparent top plate, and a level is provided on the box cover below the top plate.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: a compass is provided on the box cover below the top plate.

[0019] Due to the adoption of the above - mentioned technical solution, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows: The present invention controls the gradual elongation of the manual hydraulic jack to apply downward pressure to the docking seat, the positioning assembly and the sampling drill rod. By using a drill bit with a thickness decreasing from top to bottom, it can effectively reduce the soil resistance, facilitating the insertion of the sampling drill rod into the soil for sampling operations. Compared with the prior art, in this process, there is no need to carry and use a large number of tools. The device has a simple structure, is easy to carry, and only requires a single person to operate the soil sampling drill, saving time and effort and having high operation efficiency.

[0020] Integrating the soil profile ruler and the photographing micro ruler and placing them in the box body is convenient for storage and is more conducive to the smooth measurement of soil stratification and the photographing of local characteristics of soil horizons. The measurement process reduces human errors and improves the accuracy of boundary demarcation. The magnetic micro ruler can be used to take pictures of local characteristics at any time, with a distinct background and convenient use.

[0021] The lightweight design and multi-functional integration simplify the operation process, shorten the reconnaissance time, and greatly improve work efficiency. The measuring device is made of plastic and rubber materials, with low cost and good reusability, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of soil surveys and providing strong support for the scientific management and utilization of soil resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in the working state; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the box body of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil sampling drill in the working state of the present invention.

[0023] Wherein, 1, photographing micro scale; 2, soil profile ruler; 2-1, ten-centimeter scale line; 2-2, five-centimeter scale line; 2-3, one-centimeter scale line; 3, sampling depth line; 4, sampling soil column; 4-1, local characteristics of soil genetic horizon; 5, ground position; 7, box cover; 7-1, level; 7-2, compass; 8, box body; 1-1, manual hydraulic jack; 1-2, bracket; 1-3, docking seat; 1-4, sampling drill pipe; 1-5, bottom plate; 1-6, groove; 1-7, scale mark; 1-8, drill bit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments: A measuring method for field verification of soil type boundary reconnaissance, as Figures 1-4 shown, which includes the following steps: S1. Verification point positioning: Technicians accurately position each verification point according to the pre-set suspicious patches and reconnaissance points with the help of positioning equipment; the GPRS locator and the compass 7-2 on the box cover 7 can be used to accurately position each verification point. As Figure 3 shown, the box cover 7 is movably arranged on the box body 8, which is convenient for taking and storing the internal soil profile ruler 2. The top of the box cover 7 is provided with a transparent top plate, and the level 7-1 and the compass 7-2 are arranged on the box cover 7 below the top plate. The settings of the level 7-1 and the compass 1-2 can assist in field positioning and measurement. Its lightweight design and multi-functional integration simplify the field operation process and effectively shorten the reconnaissance time.

[0025] S2. On-site observation and sampling: After arriving at the verification point, first conduct a comprehensive observation of the natural environment around the verification point, select typical positions within the suspicious patch, and then use the soil sampling drill for drilling to collect the sampling soil column 4; as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the soil drill includes a support frame 1-2 with a manual hydraulic jack 1-1 clamped in the middle of the top end, and a sampling drill rod 1-4 fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the manual hydraulic jack 1-1 through a docking seat 1-3. The bottom end of the support frame 1-2 is fixedly provided with a bottom plate 1-5. A groove 1-6 corresponding to the sampling drill rod 1-4 is opened in the middle position of the front end of the bottom plate 1-5. The docking seat 1-3 is cooperatively connected with the sampling drill rod 1-4. The end of the sampling drill rod 1-4 is provided with a drill bit 1-8. The sampling drill rod 1-4 and the drill bit 1-8 are integrally arranged, and the sampling drill rod 1-4 and the drill bit 1-8 are composed of two semi-circular long tubes, which is convenient for separation after sampling. The setting of the drill bit 1-8 is beneficial to drilling and sampling into the soil.

[0026] Place the bottom plate 1-5 at the calibration point, operate the manual hydraulic jack 1-1 to make its telescopic end push the sampling drill rod 1-4 downward until the drill bit 1-8 drills downward to the specified depth as required. The drilling depth can be conveniently checked through the scale mark 1-7 on the sampling drill rod 1-4. The thickness of the drill bit 1-8 is arranged in a decreasing manner in the direction away from the sampling drill rod 1-4, which is convenient for the drilling of the drill bit 1-8.

[0027] S3. Soil profile analysis: After pulling out the soil drill, remove the sampling drill rod 1-4 and cut it in half to expose the sampling soil column 4 inside. Use a knife to scrape off the floating soil on the observation surface of the soil drill. Place the soil drill rod 1-4 with the sampling soil column 4 on the soil profile ruler 2 of the measuring device, and ensure that the ground position 5 is aligned with the 0 scale line of the soil profile ruler 2. Technicians divide the soil layers according to the soil characteristics in the sampling soil column 4 in combination with the measuring device.

[0028] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown in the figure, the measuring device includes a soil profile ruler 2 and a photographing micro ruler 1 arranged at the upper left of the soil profile ruler 2. The surfaces of the soil profile ruler 2 and the photographing micro ruler 1 are both engraved with precise scale lines, which provides convenience for quickly measuring the soil profile depth and the boundary distance. The scale lines include a 1 cm scale line 2-3, a 5 cm scale line 2-2, and a 10 cm scale line 2-1. The length of the 10 cm scale line 2-1 is twice that of the 5 cm scale line 2-2, and the 5 cm scale line is twice that of the 1 cm scale line 2-1. A length count value is provided on the right side of the 10 cm scale line 2-3. The length of the scale line is much greater than the scale length value on an ordinary scale. It is convenient for the intuitive reading of the value during the measurement of the soil profile depth, effectively improves the measurement accuracy, and can quickly measure the soil profile depth and the boundary distance.

[0029] As Figure 2As shown, the diameter of the sampling drill rod 1-4 is between the length value of the 5 cm scale line 2-2 and the length value of the 10 cm scale line 2-1. When the sampling drill rod 1-4 has taken a sample and the sampling drill rod 1-4 with the sampling soil column 4 is placed on the soil profile ruler 2, the sampling drill rod 1-4 will not block the scale line on the left, which is conducive to accurately reading the data. After sampling, the sampling drill rod 1-4 with the sampling soil column 4 is placed on the soil profile ruler 2 as shown in Figure 2 shown. The ground position 5 of the sampling soil column 4 is aligned with the 0 scale line on the soil profile ruler 2, and the sampling depth line 3 of the sampling soil column 4 corresponds to the scale value on the soil profile ruler 2, which is the soil profile depth value at the sampling location. Soil scientists determine the boundary position based on the soil characteristics in the sampling soil column 4, and then reasonably divide the soil layers in combination with the scale lines on the soil profile ruler 2, and detailed record the soil formation conditions and soil body properties of each soil layer.

[0030] S4. Fill in the field verification form: Fill in the field verification form on-site, and after returning, conduct data collation to form a field verification database, and finally form a soil type map.

[0031] S5. Take photos for record: Use a small knife to cut off the local characteristic traits of the typical soil genetic horizons in the sampling soil column 4 and place them in the soil placement area beside the magnetic micro-scale 1 of the measuring device, and take photos with a camera for record; the photo-taking micro-scale 1 is a 5 cm magnetic micro-scale with good magnetism. At the connection between the photo-taking micro-scale 1 and the soil profile ruler 2, iron powder is fixedly provided, and the iron powder is fixedly adsorbed together with the photo-taking micro-scale 1, and its magnetism is strong to ensure that the magnetic micro-scale will not fall off during use.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, on the soil profile ruler 2 on the right side of the photo-taking micro-scale 1, there is a soil placement area, and the soil placement area is used to store the local characteristics 4-1 of the soil genetic horizons taken from the sampling soil column 4. When taking photos of the local characteristics, there is no need to separately prepare white paper as a background, and the photo can be directly taken on the soil placement area, with a distinct background, convenient to use, and the work process is simplified.

[0033] S6. Clean and store: After all the measurement and photo-taking work is completed, clean the floating soil on the measuring device and put it back into the box body 8 for storage.

[0034] The measuring device is made of plastic and rubber plates, suitable for being neatly laid flat on the ground, and has the characteristics of being light, durable, waterproof, and corrosion-resistant, suitable for use in the complex field environment. The soil profile ruler 2 can be wound or folded into a column shape and stored in the box body 8. The soil profile ruler 2 and the photo-taking micro-scale 1 are integrally set and put into the box body 8 together, which is convenient to carry, conducive to storage, simplifies the storage process, and facilitates the smooth progress of the work.

[0035] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the bottom backgrounds of the photographing micro scale 1 and the soil profile ruler 2 are both white, and the scale lines, characters, and scale units all use black fonts, achieving a clear contrast between black and white and increasing the accuracy of reading. When the photographing micro scale 1 is used for photographing and recording local features, it can be directly carried out on the soil profile ruler 2 without separately preparing white paper as the background, reducing the work process and significantly improving work efficiency.

[0036] The width of the soil profile ruler 2 is more than 30 cm, and the length of the soil profile ruler 2 is more than 140 cm. Its width and length can be adjusted according to needs to meet the measurement requirements of different terrains and soil types.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention and are by no means limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation manners here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Verification point positioning: The technicians use positioning equipment to accurately locate each verification point based on the pre-set suspicious spots and survey points; S2. On-site observation and sampling: After arriving at the verification point, first conduct a comprehensive observation of the natural environment around the verification point, select a typical location within the suspicious patch, and then use a sampling drill to drill and collect a sampling soil column (4); S3. Soil profile analysis: After pulling out the soil auger, scrape off the loose soil on the observation surface of the soil auger with a knife, place the soil auger rod (1-4) with the sampling soil column (4) on the soil profile scale (2) of the measuring device, ensure that the ground position (5) is aligned with the 0 scale line of the soil profile scale (2), and the technician divides the soil layers according to the soil characteristics in the sampling soil column (4) and the measuring device; S4. Fill in the field verification form: fill in the field verification form on site, sort out the data after returning, form a field verification database, and finally form a soil type map; S5, photographing and recording: using a knife to remove the local characteristic features of the typical soil layer in the sampling soil column (4), placing it in the soil placement area next to the magnetic micro-scale (1) of the measuring device, and photographing and recording it with a camera; S6. Cleaning and storage: After all work is completed, the loose soil on the measuring device is cleaned and placed back into the box body (8) for storage.

2. A soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil drill in step S2 comprises a support frame (1-2) having a manual hydraulic jack (1-1) clamped in the middle of the top, and a sampling drill rod (1-4) fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the manual hydraulic jack (1-1) via a docking seat (1-3); a bottom plate (1-5) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the support frame (1-2); a groove (1-6) corresponding to the sampling drill rod (1-4) is provided on the bottom plate (1-5); the docking seat (1-3) is cooperatively connected to the sampling drill rod (1-4); and a drill bit (1-8) is provided at the end of the sampling drill rod (1-4).

3. The method for field verification of soil type boundary survey according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thickness of the drill bit (1-8) is arranged to decrease in a direction away from the sampling drill rod (1-4), and the sampling drill rod (1-4) is provided with a scale mark (1-7) for conveniently checking the drilling depth.

4. The soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measuring device in step S3 comprises a soil profile ruler (2) and a photographic micro ruler (1) arranged at the upper left of the soil profile ruler (2); the soil profile ruler (2) is provided with scale lines, the scale lines comprising a one centimeter scale line (2-3), a five centimeter scale line (2-2) and a ten centimeter scale line (2-1); the length of the ten centimeter scale line (2-1) is twice that of the five centimeter scale line (2-2); the five centimeter scale line is twice that of the one centimeter scale line (2-1); a length count value is arranged on the right side of the ten centimeter scale line (2-3); and the diameter of the sampling drill rod (1-4) is between the length value of the five centimeter scale line (2-2) and the length value of the ten centimeter scale line (2-1).

5. The method for field verification of soil type boundary survey according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S3, sampling is completed, the sampling drill rod (1-4) is separated from the soil drill, and placed on the soil profile ruler (2), so that the ground position (5) of the sampling soil column (4) is aligned with the 0 scale line on the soil profile ruler (2), and the sampling depth line (3) of the sampling soil column (4) and the corresponding scale value on the soil profile ruler (2) are the soil profile depth value at the sampling location.

6. The soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 4 is characterized by: The photographic micro-ruler (1) is a five-centimeter magnetic micro-ruler. Iron powder is fixedly provided at the connection between the photographic micro-ruler (1) and the soil profile ruler (2). The iron powder is fixedly adsorbed to the photographic micro-ruler (1).

7. A soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A soil placement area is provided on the soil profile scale (2) on the right side of the photographic microscale (1). In step S4, the local features (4-1) of the soil formation layer taken from the sampling soil column (4) are stored in the soil placement area for photographic recording.

8. The soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S5, after the loose soil on the measuring device is cleaned, the measuring device is rolled into a columnar shape and stored in a box body (8), and a box cover (7) is movably provided on the box body (8).

9. A soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A transparent top plate is provided on the top of the box cover (7), and a level (7-1) is provided on the box cover (7) below the top plate.

10. A soil type boundary survey and field verification measurement method according to claim 9, characterized in that: A compass (7-2) is provided on the box cover (7) below the top plate.

Images