Electromechanical pipeline assembly type construction process based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromechanical pipeline assembly type construction process based on a BIM technology, and relates to the technical field of electromechanical installation engineering, and the electromechanical pipeline assembly type construction process comprises the following main steps: S1, structure field survey; s2, pipeline prefabrication processing; s3, comprehensive support and hanger installation; s4, pipeline assembly type construction; and S5, pipeline assembly reserved section and adjusting section construction is carried out. According to the method, BIM building structure model lofting can be carried out according to the on-site measured size of a subway station, errors of a main body cast-in-place concrete member are fully considered, the clear height of the structure and the space and depth size of an equipment room are analyzed according to the on-site actual size, prefabricated pipeline special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories are arranged according to the actual size, and the construction efficiency is improved. The horizontal section can be modified multiple times while the elevation difference is controlled, compared with construction influencing factors encountered in traditional construction, an optimal solution is selected from alternative schemes, the comprehensive pipeline construction precision is improved, during field installation, the BIM model and prefabricated parts are fully utilized, and field operation time and material waste are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical and electrical installation engineering, and particularly to a prefabricated construction process for mechanical and electrical pipelines based on BIM technology. Background Art

[0002] In the mechanical and electrical installation project in a subway station, there are usually equipment rooms such as an environmental control machine room, a fire pump room, a wastewater pump room, an environmental control electric control room, a lighting power distribution room, etc. The pipeline installation starts from the corresponding equipment room, passes through the public area and the equipment area corridor, and penetrates to the remaining equipment rooms and the equipment terminals to realize the use functions of the water supply, drainage, and electricity specialties. In the case of a tight construction period, the traditional pipeline installation method, due to the narrow working space and the contradiction of multi-disciplinary cross-construction, leads to low construction efficiency, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality and safety. In recent years, with the development of BIM technology, more and more engineering projects have started to use BIM technology for the prefabricated construction of mechanical and electrical pipelines, significantly improving the construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] The traditional construction method mainly includes on-site measurement, on-site fabrication, and on-site installation. Although this method has high flexibility, in the case of multi-disciplinary cross-construction, it is prone to measurement errors and installation errors, resulting in a high rework rate and an extended construction period. In addition, the traditional construction method also has problems such as serious material waste and many potential safety hazards; Top-down construction: The top-down construction method is a commonly used construction method in the construction of basements or foundation pits, that is, construction is carried out step by step from top to bottom. However, in the installation of mechanical and electrical pipelines, the top-down construction method will lead to repeated installation of supports and hangers, increasing the construction cost and potential safety hazards.

[0004] Prefabricated construction: Prefabricated construction refers to prefabricating various pipeline special-shaped parts and accessories in a factory and then transporting them to the construction site for assembly. This method can significantly reduce the on-site operation time and material waste, but the premise is that precise measurement and detailed construction plans are required.

[0005] The existing traditional construction method and top-down construction method have problems such as large measurement errors, low construction efficiency, serious material waste, and many potential safety hazards in multi-disciplinary cross-construction. Although prefabricated construction can improve construction efficiency, if precise measurement and detailed construction plans are lacking, it may still lead to difficulties in on-site installation and rework.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a prefabricated construction process for mechanical and electrical pipelines based on BIM technology to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated construction process for mechanical and electrical pipelines based on BIM technology to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology, comprising the following main steps: S1. Structural field survey: After the completion of the professional structural construction, the net height and structural layout of the public area, equipment room, and equipment corridor are measured in turn. After the secondary masonry and decoration professional measurement and layout are completed, the room span and depth dimensions are re-measured through the wall line, and the comprehensive impact of the structure and wall on the pipeline is fully considered. During the structural survey, if the side beam axil corners are expanded due to the template connection concrete, the maximum clear ruler is used for BIM layout; S2. Prefabrication of pipelines: Prefabrication of electromechanical pipelines should fully consider all related disciplines. The ventilation ducts, duct accessories, ventilation equipment of the environmental control discipline are closely coordinated with the secondary masonry of the wall, and they affect each other during construction. The pipelines and accessories of the environmental control discipline occupy a large proportion of the space in the pipeline integration, and the intersections of each discipline should be decomposed one by one and level by level; S3. Installation of integrated supports and hangers: According to the procedures, integrated pipeline construction in subway stations should first construct integrated supports and hangers. This technical link summarizes the previous excellent electromechanical construction experience and optimizes the pipeline assembly process; S4. Pipeline assembly construction: After the comprehensive support and hanger construction, refer to the construction schedule bar chart and classify the pipelines required for the post-installation process of the support and hanger according to the pipeline prefabrication processing coding diagram; S5. Construction of reserved sections and adjustment sections for pipeline assembly: After the wall construction is completed, connect the air valve to the standard section. After the hoisting is completed, construct the pipeline adjustment section. The size of the adjustment section is produced according to the actual size of the construction site.

[0009] Preferably, the specific operations and technical points of the structural field survey in step S1 are: S101. If the air duct is separated by a concrete shear wall structure, the actual size and position of the reserved holes in the concrete wall and sandwich plate should be checked against the deviation from the construction drawings, and the impact on the down-lead pipeline should be considered to ensure that the actual installation height of the through-plate fire damper is ≤200mm from the structural plate; S102. Check the height of the sandwich panels, the size and position of the holes on the sandwich panels, and whether they are different from the drawings of the mechanical and electrical departments. Modify the construction drawings in turn to perform BIM modeling of the building structure. S103. Check whether the positioning of the downward beam in the machine room is consistent with the structural drawings. Consider the impact of the downward beam on the pipeline and provide feedback in the BIM structural model. S104. Check the optimized position of the equipment foundation in the air duct and feed back the on-site measurement data to the structural model. The construction error of the masonry decoration should be considered here. The positioning of the fan and the muffler has a great influence on the later changes in the pipeline routing and height difference, which needs to be fully considered. S105. Before construction, check the points of conflict between pipelines and secondary masonry structural columns. If large holes require additional ring beams and columns on beams, these must be fully considered before optimizing the process.

[0010] Preferably, the specific operations and technical points of the pipeline prefabrication process in step S2 are: S201, ventilation and air conditioning, water supply and drainage, power lighting, FAS, BAS, AFC, TX, XH majors shall carry out BIM modeling according to their respective professional construction drawings. Before modeling, the equipment, accessories, and pipeline details omitted in the plan shall be completed according to the system diagram. The equipment at the end of the pipeline shall be laid out according to the manufacturer's size and connected to the equipment by BIM. S202. Pipeline accessories are laid out according to actual dimensions, and the connection method provided by the BIM software is adjusted to ensure consistency with the actual construction. The spacing, dimensions, and connection methods of the inlet and outlet pipelines are guaranteed to be consistent with the equipment on site, and the connection methods of the air duct supply and return systems of the air conditioning unit and the static pressure box are fully considered; S203. The connection deviation between equipment and pipelines will cause comprehensive and large-scale adjustments of pipelines above the equipment. If there is a deviation between the BIM model and the actual equipment size, the prefabrication rate of pipelines cannot be guaranteed. During prefabrication, the special-shaped parts, elbows and other connectors of the air duct are the key areas, which are especially important in the equipment room, because the fire damper is usually set at a distance of ≤200mm from the secondary partition wall in the equipment room; S204. After the pipeline is integrated according to the lowest logical relationship of the water pipe and the maintenance space is ensured, the integrated supports and hangers are generated in the BIM model. The actual cross arm size of the integrated support and hanger family file manufacturer in the BIM is established with the actual installation requirements of the connecting pole. When the supports and hangers are generated, the pipeline spacing is adjusted again to ensure the accuracy of the pipeline BIM model and the cable laying and water pipe insulation operation space meets the specific construction requirements; S205. There are differences in the way pipeline prefabrication is divided in public areas, equipment corridors, and equipment rooms. In public areas, due to the large construction area and small constraints, the arrangement relationship between the air outlet and the support and hanger must be considered to avoid horizontal conflicts between the air outlet position and the support and hanger, and the section setting should be adjusted at the first air outlet of the corridor outlet. When the public area enters the equipment corridor, the longitudinal wall of the corridor must be constructed first. When the transverse wall intersects the pipeline vertically, the construction sequence of the wall and the pipeline can be adjusted as appropriate, and temporary pallets are introduced at the reserved part of the wall working surface to control the elevation difference of the pipelines on both sides. The vertical wall of the equipment room and the pipeline is adjusted in the same way as above; S206. The operation direction and height of various pipeline valves are consistent, the instruments are neatly arranged, and the maintenance space of various units and water pumps is not less than 700mm. After review by the technical production team, the construction plan is optimized in combination with the planned construction period, and the pipeline is prefabricated and segmented. The manufacturer arranges production in batches according to the coded pipeline processing drawings; S207. The profile brackets are arranged accurately without repetition to ensure consistency with on-site construction and installation. When considering the bearing capacity requirements of the brackets for the fireproof board wrapped around the air duct, in the ventilation and air-conditioning specialty, when the length of the air duct is ≥ 1.25 m, the bracket spacing should be ≤ 1.4 m (the bearing capacity of the brackets exceeding 1.4 m locally needs to be calculated). When the length of the air duct is < 1.25 m, the bracket spacing should be ≤ 2 m (the bearing capacity of the brackets exceeding 2 m needs to be calculated). When arranging the supports and hangers, conflicts with the air outlet positions should be avoided. S208. For the area where water pipes are concentrated in the fire pump room and chilled water machine room areas, the layout of the brackets should be considered with emphasis. The air valve actuator should be set on the side that is conducive to maintenance, meeting the requirement of a 350-mm clear distance for maintenance.

[0011] Preferably, the specific operations and technical key points for the installation of the combined support and hanger in step S3 are as follows: S301. Closely combine with the masonry construction of the equipment rooms in the station. When measuring and setting out the lines, determine the position of the air valve through the wall position line perpendicular to the pipelines, and then reverse-deduce the overall construction area of the support and hanger and the priority construction area of the support and hanger base. When giving priority to constructing the air duct, the top-layer large-system air duct can be constructed continuously, leaving the lower-layer air duct. Select the standard section and adjustment section of the air duct connected to the air valve as the reserved section, and the reserved length should meet the requirements of the masonry operation surface. S302. To control the elevation difference of the pipelines on the same floor of the combined support and hanger on both sides of the reserved section, conduct secondary measurement through the upright poles of the support and hanger, draw control lines on the upright poles of the support and hanger, and draw positioning lines on the ceiling when reserving accessories such as air valves. S303. In the area of the equipment area corridor, the wall is in the same direction as the pipelines. The wall should be constructed first, and the support and hanger should be constructed after the wall decoration. The spacing between the support and hanger and the reserved section of the equipment room should be ≤ 2 m, and the seismic support and hanger should be ≤ 1.6 m. S304. In the environmental control machine room, it is the end of the ventilation specialty, and the pipelines in this room are relatively dense and there are many supports and hangers. If there is a conflict between the position of the support and hanger and the hoisting gourd, the area with a larger span should be constructed first. The principle of pipeline construction is to give priority to large pipes, followed by small pipes, then cable trays, and finally water pipes. S305. When constructing the combined support and hanger, give priority to constructing the base and the upright pole. Tighten the crossbar of this layer after the top-layer pipelines are fixed. For each layer of pipelines constructed, it is necessary to feedback the bottom elevation of the pipelines and the difference from the optimized drawing, and adjust in time.

[0012] Preferably, the specific operations and technical key points for the prefabricated construction of pipelines in step S4 are as follows: S401. After the construction of the comprehensive support and hanger is completed, the elevation difference between the cross arms of the supports on both sides and the embedded casing in the wall is controlled by a level to keep the construction error within the allowable range of installation. Pipeline prefabrication construction elevation control points are made on the vertical poles of the supports. For vertical special-shaped parts and standard-section pipelines, if the height of the lower equipment and foundation cannot be adjusted, the construction error is controlled within 5 - 7 cm by adjusting the upper cross arm. After the equipment foundation construction is completed, it is measured in time through the building's one-meter line, and the error is fed back into the model. Repeated measurement and adjustment are carried out to ensure the assembly construction accuracy. S402. Assembly adjustment and quality inspection ensure that the air volume of the ventilation terminal air outlets is checked during prefabricated construction, and a smoke prevention experiment is carried out on the smoke exhaust pipe. The cable laying requirements are checked after prefabricated construction, and the requirements of the design and specifications should be met during construction acceptance. S403. When constructing the pipelines in the area with dense pipe synthesis, the pipelines in the uppermost layer are given priority. First, the accessories and special-shaped parts are constructed, and then the straight standard sections are constructed. A straight section distance less than 1240 mm for the standard air duct and 2000 mm for the standard cable tray is left from the special-shaped parts to adjust the errors in production and construction. S404. When constructing special-shaped parts, elbows, and accessories, their elevation should be strictly controlled, and the allowable deviation is adjusted through the cross arm of the comprehensive support and hanger. S405. When multiple fans are hoisted at the same position but different elevations in the equipment room, the distance between the fans is strictly controlled to reduce the hoisting error of the fans. Before hoisting, the elevation of the fans is jointly controlled through the vertical poles and cross arms of the fan supports. The positioning of the fan equipment in the equipment room should be better than that of the special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories during construction. According to the pipeline layout paths of each system, corresponding adjustments are made by comparing the measured elevation of the fans and the elevation of the special-shaped parts with the BIM model. S406. When the pipelines cross the main structure and the accessory structure in the same equipment room, the pipelines are segmented twice. At the place where the main structure enters the accessory structure, 1.5 - 2 m of pipelines should be reserved for later construction. A short section of pipeline for controlling the error is reserved. The inner and outer flanges of the air duct insert should be reserved correctly. Attention should be paid to the cleanliness at the connection and the finished product protection to ensure the construction quality and the air volume at the end. S407. The prefabrication of the cable tray is slightly different from that of the ventilation specialty. It is considered that the joint between the cable trays should avoid the downward funnel to prevent uneven stress and uneven height difference at the joint of the cables in the cable trays on both sides. When prefabricating the cable tray, the short sections on both sides of the tee connection in the traditional construction should be combined for production, and the assembly construction error is adjusted at the end short section. S408. After the prefabricated construction of the upper-layer air duct is completed, the lower-layer cable tray and water pipe are secondarily deepened according to the reserved section and adjustment section of the air duct to make the pipeline construction of the electrical and water specialties consistent with the prefabricated construction of the air duct. When the size of the upper-layer small-system air duct in the pipeline synthesis is small, on the premise of meeting its construction conditions, the lower-layer cable tray and water pipe can be constructed with the adjustment section and reserved section at the end. The upper-layer air duct constructed later should meet the requirements of the working surface distance.

[0013] Preferably, the specific operations and technical key points of the pipeline assembly reserved section and the adjustment section construction in step S5 are as follows: S501. After the wall construction is completed, connect the air valve to the standard section. After the hoisting is completed, construct the pipeline adjustment section. The size of the adjustment section is actually produced according to the on-site construction size. The casing in the pipeline through the wall is centered, and the fireproof mud is sealed tightly; S502. The adjustment section in the machine room is reserved in the same routing as appropriate. The integration of BIM technology achieves this goal. The split pipelines are modularized. If the position of the assembled pipelines is split due to the oversized size of special-shaped parts occupying the working surface, a standard section and an adjustment section are reserved during the assembly construction to adjust the on-site construction, ensuring that the upper layer to the lower layer is arranged in a trapezoid, and the construction sequence is from the top layer to the bottom layer; S503. Special-shaped parts, tees, and crosses of the cable tray can be produced together with the "short connection". Separate family files are generated in the BIM model. The actual cable tray adjustment section is set on the straight section and constructed last to ensure the height difference at the cable tray connection due to cable accumulation at the special-shaped part and avoid quality problems in the construction of the power and lighting specialties; S504. At the place where the water pipe is connected to the equipment, the elbow and the straight section can be produced uniformly. The process requirement here is to place a production order after the on-site actual measurement after the construction of the first layer of pipelines at the top. This is to avoid improper later construction and the inability to use the materials; S505. After the ventilation and air-conditioning specialty process is completed, the cable tray and water pipe systems are closed-loop and subject to quality acceptance.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. The present invention conducts lofting of the BIM building structure model according to the actual survey and design dimensions of the subway station, fully considers the errors of the main cast-in-place concrete components, analyzes the structural net height, the bay and depth dimensions of the equipment room according to the on-site actual dimensions, and the prefabricated pipeline special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories are scheduled according to the actual dimensions. While controlling the elevation difference, the horizontal section can be modified multiple times. Compared with the traditional construction, the influencing factors encountered in the construction are discovered in advance, and the optimal solution is selected from the alternative solutions, improving the construction accuracy of the comprehensive pipeline.

[0015] 2. The present invention coordinates the construction sequence problem of the air duct and the secondary masonry construction based on the BIM mechanical and electrical pipeline assembled intelligent construction technology, and coordinates the problems that the air duct hoisting is restricted by the cumbersome wall masonry process, the construction of the lower-layer strong and weak current cable trays is restricted by the unpositioned air duct hoisting, and the water pipe installation is restricted by the unpenetrated cable tray.

[0016] 3. In the present invention, the prefabricated processed pipeline numbers are systematic, the main trunk section and branch section pipelines are distinguished, and the standard section pipelines in the same system have the same numbers for the convenience of construction. During construction, scientific construction is carried out according to the system, different regions, and the tight front and back work, coordinating construction contradictions and optimizing the operation surfaces of relevant specialties.

[0017] 4. The present invention adopts pipeline prefabricated construction, which solves the problem that in traditional construction, the standard pipe sections are constructed first, and due to construction errors, the construction of special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories is postponed. On the basis of pipeline prefabrication, it is optimized by introducing temporary pipe sections to improve the one-time forming rate of pipeline prefabricated construction, avoid rework, improve construction efficiency, and save the construction period. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the intelligent construction process of BIM-based mechanical and electrical pipeline prefabrication of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0019] The present invention provides a mechanical and electrical pipeline prefabricated construction process based on BIM technology as shown in Figure 1 the following, which includes the following main steps: S1. Structural on-site survey: After the structural professional construction is completed, the net height and structural arrangement form of the public area, equipment room, and equipment corridor are measured in sequence. After the secondary masonry decoration professional measurement and setting out are completed, the room bay and depth dimensions are re-measured through the wall lines, fully considering the influence of the structure and walls on the pipeline integration. During the structural survey, in case of the concrete expansion phenomenon at the side beam haunch due to the formwork connection, the maximum net dimension is used for BIM lofting; S2. Pipeline prefabricated processing: The prefabricated processing of mechanical and electrical pipelines should fully consider all relevant specialties. Among them, the ventilation ducts, duct accessories, and ventilation equipment of the environmental control specialty are closely coordinated with the secondary masonry specialty of the wall, and they affect each other during construction. In the pipeline integration, the pipelines and accessories of the environmental control specialty occupy a large proportion of the space, and the intersections of each specialty that are closely crossed should be decomposed one by one and step by step; S3. Installation of comprehensive pipe supports and hangers: In the construction of comprehensive pipelines in the subway station, the comprehensive pipe supports and hangers should be constructed first according to the process. This technical link summarizes the excellent construction experience of mechanical and electrical in the past and optimizes the pipeline prefabricated process; S4. Pipeline prefabricated construction: After the construction of the comprehensive pipe supports and hangers, referring to the Gantt chart of the construction period plan, the pipelines required for the next process after the installation of the pipe supports and hangers are classified according to the pipeline prefabricated processing coding diagram; S5. Construction of pipeline assembly reserved sections and adjustment joints: After the wall construction is completed, connect the air valve with the standard section, and construct the pipeline adjustment joint after hoisting. The size of the adjustment joint is actually produced according to the on-site size.

[0020] Among them, the specific operations and technical key points of the structural on-site survey in step S1 are: S101. When the air duct is separated by a concrete shear wall structure into a supply air duct, an exhaust air duct, and a piston air duct, the actual size and position deviation between the civil engineering reserved holes in the concrete wall and the sandwich panel and the construction drawings should be checked, considering the influence of this place on the downward pipelines, and ensuring that the actual installation height of the fire damper through the plate is ≤ 200 mm from the structural slab; S102. Check the height of the sandwich panels, the size and position of the holes on the sandwich panels, and whether they are different from the drawings of the mechanical and electrical departments. Modify the construction drawings in turn to perform BIM modeling of the building structure. S103. Check whether the positioning of the downward beam in the machine room is consistent with the structural drawings. Consider the impact of the downward beam on the pipeline and provide feedback in the BIM structural model. S104. Check the optimized position of the equipment foundation in the air duct and feed back the on-site measurement data to the structural model. The construction error of the masonry decoration should be considered here. The positioning of the fan and the muffler has a great influence on the later changes in the pipeline routing and height difference, which needs to be fully considered. S105. Before construction, check the points of conflict between pipelines and secondary masonry structural columns. If large holes require additional ring beams and columns on beams, these must be fully considered before optimizing the process.

[0021] The specific operations and technical points of the pipeline prefabrication process in step S2 are as follows: S201, ventilation and air conditioning, water supply and drainage, power lighting, FAS, BAS, AFC, TX, XH majors shall carry out BIM modeling according to their respective professional construction drawings. Before modeling, the equipment, accessories, and pipeline details omitted in the plan shall be completed according to the system diagram. The equipment at the end of the pipeline shall be laid out according to the manufacturer's size and connected to the equipment by BIM. S202. Pipeline accessories are laid out according to actual dimensions, and the connection method provided by the BIM software is adjusted to ensure consistency with the actual construction. The spacing, dimensions, and connection methods of the inlet and outlet pipelines are guaranteed to be consistent with the equipment on site, and the connection methods of the air duct supply and return systems of the air conditioning unit and the static pressure box are fully considered; S203. The connection deviation between equipment and pipelines will cause comprehensive and large-scale adjustments of pipelines above the equipment. If there is a deviation between the BIM model and the actual equipment size, the prefabrication rate of pipelines cannot be guaranteed. During prefabrication, the special-shaped parts, elbows and other connectors of the air duct are the key areas, which are especially important in the equipment room, because the fire damper is usually set at a distance of ≤200mm from the secondary partition wall in the equipment room; S204. After the pipeline is integrated according to the lowest logical relationship of the water pipe and the maintenance space is ensured, the integrated supports and hangers are generated in the BIM model. The actual cross arm size of the integrated support and hanger family file manufacturer in the BIM is established with the actual installation requirements of the connecting pole. When the supports and hangers are generated, the pipeline spacing is adjusted again to ensure the accuracy of the pipeline BIM model and the cable laying and water pipe insulation operation space meets the specific construction requirements; S205. There are differences in the ways of prefabricating and processing pipelines in public areas, equipment area corridors, and equipment rooms. Since the construction area in the public area is large and the restrictive factors are small, it is necessary to consider the layout relationship between air vents and support hangers, avoid horizontal conflicts between the air vent positions and support hangers, and set the adjustment section at the first air vent when leaving the corridor in the public area. When entering the equipment corridor from the public area, the longitudinal wall of the corridor must be constructed first. For the transverse wall perpendicular to the pipeline, the construction sequence of the wall and the pipeline can be adjusted as appropriate, and a temporary support plate should be introduced at the reserved wall working surface to control the elevation difference between the pipelines on both sides. The adjustment method for the vertical wall between the equipment room and the pipeline is the same as above; S206. The operation directions of various pipeline valves are consistent, and the heights are the same. The instruments and meters are neatly arranged in a line. The maintenance space between various units and water pumps is not less than 700 mm. After being reviewed by the technical production team, the construction plan is optimized in combination with the planned construction period, and the pipelines are prefabricated and segmented. The manufacturer arranges production in batches according to the coded pipeline processing drawings; S207. The layout of the profile supports is accurate and does not repeat to ensure consistency with on-site construction and installation. When considering the bearing capacity requirements of the supports for the fireproof board wrapped outside the air duct, when the length of the air duct in the ventilation and air conditioning specialty is ≥ 1.25 m, the support spacing should be ≤ 1.4 m (the supports exceeding 1.4 m locally need to calculate the bearing capacity of the supports). When the length of the air duct is < 1.25 m, the support spacing should be ≤ 2 m (the supports exceeding 2 m need to calculate the bearing capacity of the supports). When arranging the support hangers, conflicts with the air vent positions should be avoided; S208. The layout of supports should be mainly considered in the area where the water pipes are concentrated in the fire pump room and the chilled water machine room area. The air valve actuator is set on the side conducive to maintenance, meeting the requirement of a 350-mm maintenance clearance;

[0022] Among them, the specific operations and technical key points for installing the comprehensive support hangers in step S3 are as follows: S301. Closely combine with the masonry construction of the equipment rooms in the station. When measuring and setting out the lines, determine the air valve position through the wall position line perpendicular to the pipeline, and then reverse infer the overall construction area of the support hangers and the priority construction area of the support hanger bases. When giving priority to constructing the air duct, the large-system air duct on the top floor can be constructed through the whole length, leaving the air duct on the lower floor. Select the standard section and adjustment section of the air duct connected to the air valve as the reserved section, and the reserved length should meet the requirement of the masonry working surface; S302. To control the elevation difference between the pipelines of the comprehensive support hangers on the same floor on both sides of the reserved section, conduct secondary measurement through the support hanger vertical poles, draw control lines on the support hanger vertical poles, and draw positioning lines on the ceiling when reserving accessories such as air valves; S303. The wall in the equipment area corridor is in the same direction as the pipeline, and the wall needs to be constructed first. After the wall is decorated, the support hangers are constructed. When the support hangers encounter the reserved section in the equipment room, the spacing is ≤ 2 m, and the seismic support hangers are ≤ 1.6 m; S304. In the HVAC machine room, the terminal of the ventilation specialty is located here. The pipelines in this room are relatively dense, and there are many supports and hangers. If the position of the supports and hangers conflicts with the hoisting gourd, the area with a larger span should be constructed first. The principle of pipeline construction is to give priority to large pipes, followed by small pipes, then cable trays, and finally water pipes. S305. When constructing the comprehensive support and hanger, give priority to constructing the base and vertical poles. Tighten the crossbeams of this layer after the top-layer pipelines are fixed. For each layer of pipelines constructed, it is necessary to feedback the elevation difference between the bottom elevation of the pipelines and the optimized drawings, and adjust in time.

[0023] Among them, the specific operations and technical key points of the prefabricated pipeline construction in step S4 are as follows: S401. After the construction of the comprehensive support and hanger is completed, use a level to control the elevation difference between the crossbeams of the supports on both sides and the embedded sleeves in the wall, so that the construction error is controlled within the allowable range of installation. Mark the elevation control points for the prefabricated pipeline construction on the vertical poles of the supports. For the vertical special-shaped parts and standard-section pipelines, if the height of the lower equipment and foundation cannot be adjusted, control the construction error within 5 - 7 cm by adjusting the upper crossbeams. After the equipment foundation construction is completed, measure in time through the building's one-meter line, and feedback the error into the model. Repeatedly measure and adjust to ensure the assembly construction accuracy. S402. Assembly adjustment and quality inspection ensure that the air volume of the air outlets at the ventilation terminals is checked during the prefabricated construction, and the smoke exhaust pipes are subjected to anti-smoke experiments. After the prefabricated construction, check the requirements for cable laying. During the construction acceptance, it should meet the design and specification requirements. S403. Give priority to constructing the top-layer pipelines in the area where the pipe synthesis is dense. First construct the accessories and special-shaped parts, and then construct the straight standard sections. Leave a straight section distance less than 1240 mm for the standard air duct and 2000 mm for the standard cable tray from the special-shaped parts to adjust the errors in production and construction. S404. When constructing special-shaped parts, elbows, and accessories, strictly control their elevation, and adjust the allowable deviation through the crossbeams of the comprehensive support and hanger. S405. When multiple fans are hoisted at the same position but different elevations in the equipment room, strictly control the fan spacing to reduce the hoisting error of the fans. Before hoisting, jointly control the elevation of the fans through the vertical poles and crossbeams of the fan supports. The positioning of the fan equipment in the equipment room should be prior to the construction of special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories. According to the pipeline layout paths of each system, make corresponding adjustments by actually measuring the elevation of the fans and the elevation of the special-shaped parts and comparing with the BIM model. S406. When the pipelines pass through the main structure and the accessory structure in the same equipment room, the pipelines are segmented twice. At the place where the main structure enters the accessory structure, 1.5 - 2 m of pipelines should be reserved for later construction, and short pipeline sections for controlling errors should be reserved. The inner and outer flanges of the duct inserts should be reserved correctly. Pay attention to the cleanliness at the connection and protect the finished products to ensure the construction quality and the air volume at the end. S407. The prefabrication of cable trays is slightly different from that of the ventilation specialty. It is considered that the joints between cable trays should avoid the downward funnel to prevent uneven stress on both sides of the cables in the cable trays and uneven height differences in the joints, resulting in uneven cable outlet. During the prefabrication of cable trays, the two short sections on both sides of the tee connection in traditional construction should be combined for production, and the construction errors should be adjusted and assembled at the end short section. S408. After the upper-layer air duct is assembled and constructed, the lower-layer cable tray water pipes are secondarily deepened according to the reserved section and adjustment section of the air duct to make the pipeline construction of the hydropower specialty consistent with the assembly construction of the air duct. When the size of the upper-layer small-system air duct in the pipeline integration is small, the lower-layer cable tray water pipes can be finally constructed for the adjustment section and the reserved section on the premise of meeting their construction conditions. The upper-layer air duct constructed later should meet the working face distance requirements.

[0024] Among them, the specific operations and technical key points of the pipeline assembly reserved section and the adjustment joint construction in step S5 are as follows: S501. After the wall construction is completed, connect the air valve to the standard section. After the hoisting is completed, construct the pipeline adjustment joint. The size of the adjustment joint is actually produced according to the on-site dimensions. The casing in the pipeline through the wall is centered, and the fireproof mud is tightly sealed. S502. The adjustment joints in the machine room are reserved in the same route as appropriate. The integration of BIM technology realizes this goal. The split pipelines are modularized. If the position of the assembled pipeline is split due to the too large size of the special-shaped parts occupying the working face, standard sections and adjustment joints are reserved during the assembly construction to adjust the on-site construction, ensuring a trapezoidal arrangement from the upper layer to the lower layer, and the construction sequence is from the top layer to the bottom layer. S503. The special-shaped parts, tees, and crosses of the cable tray can be produced together with the "short circuit". Separate family files are generated in the BIM model, and the actual cable tray adjustment joint is set on the straight section and constructed last to ensure the height difference at the cable tray connection due to cable accumulation at the special-shaped parts and avoid quality problems in the construction of the power and lighting specialties. S504. At the place where the water pipe is connected to the equipment, the elbow and the straight section can be unified for production. The process requirement here is to place an order for production after the first-layer pipeline at the top is constructed and the on-site actual measurement is completed, to avoid improper later construction and unusable materials. S505. After the ventilation and air-conditioning specialty process is completed, the cable tray and water pipe systems are closed-loop for quality inspection.

[0025] Specifically: In the assembly construction of the mechanical and electrical pipelines, first conduct on-site structural surveys to obtain accurate on-site dimensions. Secondly, perform pipeline prefabrication in the factory to ensure the accuracy of each component. Then install the comprehensive support and hanger on-site to provide support for the subsequent pipeline installation. Subsequently, carry out the pipeline assembly construction, giving priority to installing special-shaped parts and accessories to reduce on-site operation time. Finally, carry out the construction of the pipeline assembly reserved section and the adjustment joint to ensure the integrity of the entire system.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology is characterized by: The main steps include: S1. Structural field survey: After the completion of the professional structural construction, the net height and structural layout of the public area, equipment room and equipment corridor are measured in turn. After the secondary masonry and decoration professional measurement and layout are completed, the room span and depth dimensions are re-measured through the wall line, and the comprehensive impact of the structure and wall on the pipeline is fully considered. During the structural survey, if the side beam axil corner is found to expand due to the concrete expansion phenomenon of the template connection, BIM layout is carried out with the maximum clear ruler. 2.S2, Prefabrication of pipelines: Prefabrication of electromechanical pipelines should fully consider all related disciplines. The ventilation ducts, duct accessories, ventilation equipment of the environmental control discipline are closely coordinated with the secondary masonry of the wall, and they affect each other during construction. In the pipeline integration, the pipelines and accessories of the environmental control discipline occupy a large proportion of space, and the intersections of each discipline should be decomposed one by one and level by level; S3. Installation of integrated supports and hangers: According to the procedures, integrated pipeline construction in subway stations should first construct integrated supports and hangers. This technical link summarizes the previous excellent electromechanical construction experience and optimizes the pipeline assembly process; S4. Pipeline assembly construction: After the comprehensive support and hanger construction, refer to the construction schedule bar chart and classify the pipelines required for the post-installation process of the support and hanger according to the pipeline prefabrication processing coding diagram; S5. Construction of reserved sections and adjustment sections for pipeline assembly: After the wall construction is completed, connect the air valve to the standard section. After the hoisting is completed, construct the pipeline adjustment section. The size of the adjustment section is produced according to the actual size of the construction site.

3. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific operations and technical points of the structural field survey in step S1 are: S101. If the air duct is separated by a concrete shear wall structure, the actual size and position of the reserved holes in the concrete wall and sandwich plate should be checked against the deviation from the construction drawings, and the impact on the down-lead pipeline should be considered to ensure that the actual installation height of the through-plate fire damper is ≤200mm from the structural plate; S102. Check the height of the sandwich panels, the size and position of the holes on the sandwich panels, and whether they are different from the drawings of the mechanical and electrical departments. Modify the construction drawings in turn to perform BIM modeling of the building structure. S103. Check whether the positioning of the downward beam in the machine room is consistent with the structural drawings. Consider the impact of the downward beam on the pipeline and provide feedback in the BIM structural model. S104. Check the optimized position of the equipment foundation in the air duct and feed back the on-site measurement data to the structural model. The construction error of the masonry decoration should be considered here. The positioning of the fan and the muffler has a great influence on the later changes in the pipeline routing and height difference, which needs to be fully considered. S105. Before construction, check the points of conflict between pipelines and secondary masonry structural columns. If large holes require additional ring beams and columns on beams, these must be fully considered before optimizing the process.

4. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific operations and technical points of the pipeline prefabrication process in step S2 are: S201, ventilation and air conditioning, water supply and drainage, power lighting, FAS, BAS, AFC, TX, XH majors shall carry out BIM modeling according to their respective professional construction drawings. Before modeling, the equipment, accessories, and pipeline details omitted in the plan shall be completed according to the system diagram. The equipment at the end of the pipeline shall be laid out according to the manufacturer's size and connected to the equipment by BIM. S202. Pipeline accessories are laid out according to actual dimensions, and the connection method provided by the BIM software is adjusted to ensure consistency with the actual construction. The spacing, dimensions, and connection methods of the inlet and outlet pipelines are guaranteed to be consistent with the equipment on site, and the connection methods of the air duct supply and return systems of the air conditioning unit and the static pressure box are fully considered; S203. The connection deviation between equipment and pipelines will cause comprehensive and large-scale adjustments of pipelines above the equipment. If there is a deviation between the BIM model and the actual equipment size, the prefabrication rate of pipelines cannot be guaranteed. During prefabrication, the special-shaped parts, elbows and other connectors of the air duct are the key areas, which are especially important in the equipment room, because the fire damper is usually set at a distance of ≤200mm from the secondary partition wall in the equipment room; S204. After the pipeline is integrated according to the lowest logical relationship of the water pipe and the maintenance space is ensured, the integrated supports and hangers are generated in the BIM model. The actual cross arm size of the integrated support and hanger family file manufacturer in the BIM is established with the actual installation requirements of the connecting pole. When the supports and hangers are generated, the pipeline spacing is adjusted again to ensure the accuracy of the pipeline BIM model and the cable laying and water pipe insulation operation space meets the specific construction requirements; S205. There are differences in the way pipeline prefabrication is divided in public areas, equipment corridors, and equipment rooms. In public areas, due to the large construction area and small constraints, the arrangement relationship between the air outlet and the support and hanger must be considered to avoid horizontal conflicts between the air outlet position and the support and hanger, and the section setting should be adjusted at the first air outlet of the corridor outlet. When the public area enters the equipment corridor, the longitudinal wall of the corridor must be constructed first. When the transverse wall intersects the pipeline vertically, the construction sequence of the wall and the pipeline can be adjusted as appropriate, and temporary pallets are introduced at the reserved part of the wall working surface to control the elevation difference of the pipelines on both sides. The vertical wall of the equipment room and the pipeline is adjusted in the same way as above; S206. The operation direction and height of various pipeline valves are consistent, the instruments are neatly arranged, and the maintenance space of various units and water pumps is not less than 700mm. After review by the technical production team, the construction plan is optimized in combination with the planned construction period, and the pipeline is prefabricated and segmented. The manufacturer arranges production in batches according to the coded pipeline processing drawings; S207. The cross-section brackets are arranged accurately without duplication to ensure consistency with the on-site construction and installation. The fireproof board for the duct must take into account the bracket bearing capacity requirements. When the duct length is ≥1.25m in the ventilation and air conditioning profession, the bracket spacing must be ≤1.4m (the bracket bearing capacity of the bracket exceeding 1.4m in some parts must be calculated). When the duct length is <1.25m, the bracket spacing must be ≤2m (the bracket bearing capacity of the bracket exceeding 2m must be calculated). The brackets should be arranged to avoid conflicts with the air outlet position; S208. The arrangement of brackets should be considered in the concentrated water pipe areas of the fire pump room and the chiller room. The damper actuator should be set on the side that is convenient for maintenance, meeting the 350mm maintenance clearance requirement.

5. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific operation and technical points of the comprehensive support and hanger installation in step S3 are: S301. Closely integrate with the masonry construction of the equipment room in the station. When measuring and laying out, determine the position of the air valve and reversely infer the overall construction area of ​​the support and hanger and the priority construction area of ​​the support and hanger base through the wall position line that intersects the pipeline. When the air duct is constructed first, the top-level large system air duct can be constructed in full length, leaving the lower-level air duct in reserve. The standard section and adjustment section of the air duct at the connection with the air valve are selected as the reserved section, and the reserved length meets the requirements of the masonry working surface; S302. To control the elevation difference of pipelines on the same floor of the comprehensive supports and hangers on both sides of the reserved section, secondary measurement is carried out through the support and hanger poles, and control lines are drawn on the support and hanger poles. When reserving accessories such as air valves, positioning lines should be drawn on the ceiling; S303. The walls of the corridors in the equipment area are in the same direction as the pipelines, so the walls should be constructed first. The supports and hangers should be constructed after the walls are decorated. The interval between the supports and hangers in the equipment rooms should be ≤2 meters, and the earthquake-resistant supports and hangers should be ≤1.6 meters. S304, Environmental control room is the terminal of ventilation. The pipelines in this room are densely packed and there are many supports and hangers. If the position of the supports and hangers conflicts with the hoisting hoist, the area with a larger span should be constructed first. The principle of pipeline construction is to give priority to large pipes, then small pipes, then bridge frames, and then water pipes. S305. During the construction of integrated support and hanger brackets, priority should be given to the construction of base and vertical poles. The cross arms of the first layer should be tightened after the top layer of pipelines is fixed. Each time a layer of pipeline is constructed, the bottom elevation of the pipeline should be fed back to the optimized drawing and adjusted in time.

6. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific operation and technical points of the pipeline assembly construction in step S4 are: S401. After the construction of the comprehensive support and hanger is completed, the elevation difference of the support crossarms on both sides and the embedded wall sleeves is controlled by a level meter to control the construction error within the allowable range of installation. The pipeline assembly construction elevation control point is made on the support pole. If the lower equipment and foundation height cannot be adjusted, the construction error can be controlled within 5-7cm by adjusting the upper crossarm. After the equipment foundation construction is completed, timely measurement is carried out through the one-meter line of the building, and the error is fed back to the model. Repeated measurement and adjustment ensure the assembly construction accuracy; S402, assembly adjustment and quality inspection to ensure prefabrication construction, check the air volume of the ventilation terminal, do smoke proof test on the smoke exhaust pipe, check the cable laying requirements after prefabrication construction, and meet the design and specification requirements during construction acceptance; S403: In the densely packed areas, the top layer of pipelines should be constructed first, accessories and special-shaped parts should be constructed first, and then the straight standard section should be constructed. A straight section distance of less than 1240mm for standard air ducts and 2000mm for standard bridges should be left from the special-shaped parts to adjust the errors in production and construction. S404. When constructing special-shaped parts, elbows and accessories, their elevations should be strictly controlled, and the allowable deviation should be adjusted through the cross arms of the comprehensive support and hanger; S405. When multiple fans are hoisted at different heights at the same location in the equipment room, the fan spacing should be strictly controlled to reduce the fan hoisting error. The fan height should be controlled by the fan bracket pole and cross arm before hoisting. The positioning of the fan equipment in the equipment room should be better than the construction of special-shaped parts and pipeline accessories. According to the layout path of each system pipeline, the fan height should be measured and the special-shaped part height should be compared with the BIM model to make corresponding adjustments; S406. When the same equipment room passes through the main structure and the auxiliary structure, the pipeline shall be divided into two sections. At the main structure entering the auxiliary structure, the 1.5-2m pipeline shall be constructed later, and the short section of the pipeline for the control error section shall be reserved. The inner and outer flanges of the air duct insert shall be reserved correctly, the connection shall be clean, and the finished product shall be protected to ensure the construction quality and the terminal air volume; S407, bridge prefabrication and ventilation are slightly different. Considering that the joints between bridges should avoid the lower funnel, so as to avoid uneven hands on both sides of the bridge and uneven height difference of the cables in the bridge. In the prefabrication of the bridge, the short sections on both sides of the tee connection in the traditional construction should be combined and produced, and the assembly construction error should be adjusted at the end short section; S408. After the upper air duct assembly construction is completed, the lower bridge water pipe is deepened for the second time according to the reserved section and adjustment section of the air duct to make the water and electricity pipelines consistent with the air duct assembly construction. When the size of the air duct of the upper small system of the pipeline is small, the lower bridge water pipe can be constructed last for the adjustment section and reserved section on the premise that its construction conditions are met. The subsequent construction of the upper air duct should meet the working surface distance requirements.

7. The electromechanical pipeline assembly construction process based on BIM technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific operation and technical points of the pipeline assembly reserved section and adjustment section construction in step S5 are: S501. After the wall construction is completed, the air valve is connected to the standard section. After the hoisting is completed, the pipeline adjustment section is constructed. The size of the adjustment section is produced according to the actual size of the construction site. The casing of the pipeline passing through the wall is centered and the fireproof mud is sealed tightly; S502. The adjustment section in the machine room is reserved on the same route as the situation. The integration of BIM technology has achieved this goal. The split pipelines are modularized. If the position of the assembled pipeline is split due to the large size of the special-shaped parts occupying the working surface, the standard section and adjustment section are reserved during the assembly construction to adjust the on-site construction, ensuring that the upper layer to the lower layer is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, and the construction order is from the top layer to the bottom layer; S503, special-shaped bridge parts, tees and crosses can be produced together with the "short circuit", and a family file can be generated separately in the BIM model. The actual cable duct adjustment section is set in the straight section and constructed last to ensure that the height difference at the bridge connection caused by cable accumulation at the special-shaped parts is avoided to avoid quality problems in the power lighting professional construction; S504, elbows and straight sections can be produced together at the water pipe connection equipment. The process here requires that the production order be placed after the first layer of top pipeline construction is completed and measured on site to avoid improper construction in the later stage and the materials cannot be used; S505. After the ventilation and air-conditioning professional process is completed, the bridge and water pipe system are closed and the quality is inspected.

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