Network movable node layout method for carbon emission monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a network movable node layout method for carbon emission monitoring, which comprises the following steps of: setting k layers of circumferential wefts from inside to outside by taking a chimney as a center, arranging a plurality of nodes on each layer of circumferential wefts, determining the radius of the first layer of circumferential wefts, namely the radius of a blind area, and calculating the maximum radius of a carbon emission monitoring area, calculating the node radius and the node number on each layer of circumferential latitude, defining the radial line in the east direction as a reference line, and calculating the central angle increment between the central angle of the first node on the jth layer of circumferential latitude and the central angle between the nodes; calculating the central angle of the ith node on the jth layer of circumferential latitude; a carbon emission-free area under a chimney is obtained according to factors such as wind speed, chimney height and carbon emission aerosol volume, a carbon emission collection network topology structure which takes a carbon source as a core and covers in all directions is constructed, initial movable nodes on circumferences with different radius distances are arranged in a warp-weft staggered manner, the problem of full coverage in all directions is solved, and the detection accuracy is improved. The weather change of any wind direction can be adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon emission detection, and particularly relates to a layout method for network movable nodes for monitoring carbon emissions. Background Art

[0002] At present, implementing precise measurement and traceability of carbon emissions through Internet of Things technology is an effective method. However, since there are many environmental factors affecting the distribution of carbon emissions, such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and the height of the emission gas source. These factors are highly random and have a great impact on the layout of network movable nodes and dynamic nodes. How to meet the changes of the above random factors and effectively collect real carbon emissions under the condition of limited acquisition nodes is one of the difficulties in realizing precise measurement of carbon emissions based on the network. To improve the accuracy of carbon emission measurement, the more carbon emission acquisition nodes, the better. However, the more carbon emission detection network acquisition nodes, the higher the cost. Therefore, considering the design cost of the carbon emission acquisition network, the fewer carbon emission acquisition nodes, the better. It can be seen that there is an obvious contradiction between improving the accuracy of carbon emission measurement and reducing the design cost of the carbon emission acquisition network, and a design scheme with full coverage of movable nodes should be adopted.

[0003] Although there are many layout methods for monitoring network nodes, the layout method of network nodes is a technology with strong application pertinence, and different monitoring networks have different key problems to be solved. Therefore, the key problems to be solved by the layout methods of network nodes in different application fields are different. For example, in the literature with Chinese invention patent number 201910152839X, which involves a multi-sensor node layout optimization method and system for rail transit status monitoring, since it is a rail transit status monitoring, the key problem to be solved is the node communication performance of network transmission ability, so there are no blind spots and full coverage in all directions. Another example is the literature with Chinese invention patent number 2023100919814, which involves a sensor node layout optimization method and system for electromagnetic spectrum map mapping. Since it is a problem of solving electromagnetic spectrum map mapping applications, with the minimum number of sampling nodes and the optimal position to achieve the optimal spectrum map mapping performance with the least number of nodes, there are also no blind spots and full coverage in all directions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the contradiction between improving the accuracy of carbon emission measurement and reducing the design cost of the carbon emission acquisition network in the current carbon emission monitoring, and propose a layout method for network movable nodes for carbon emission monitoring, which can not only save the system production cost of carbon emission monitoring, but also fully cover the carbon emission area in all directions and effectively collect real carbon emissions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by a network movable node layout method for carbon emission monitoring in the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1): With the chimney as the center, set k layers of circumferential latitudes from the inside to the outside, 3 < k < 9. Arrange a number of nodes on each layer of circumferential latitude, and determine the radius R of the first layer of circumferential latitude 1 That is, the radius of the blind area, and obtain the maximum radius R of the carbon emission monitoring area k , and calculate the node radius R on each layer of circumferential latitude j and the number of nodes N j , 1 < j < k;

[0007] Step 2): Define the meridian in the due east direction as the reference line, and calculate the central angle θ of the first node on the jth layer of circumferential latitude j,0 and the central angle increment θ between nodes j ;

[0008] Step 3): Calculate the central angle θ of the ith node on the jth layer of circumferential latitude j,i ;

[0009] Step 4): Determine whether all the nodes on the jth layer of circumferential latitude have been completely laid out, that is, whether i is greater than N j , if not all have been completely laid out, then increase the value of i by 1 and turn to Step 3):

[0010] Step 5): Determine whether all the circumferential latitudes have been completely laid out, that is, whether j is greater than k. If not all have been completely laid out, then increase the value of j by 1, reset the value of i to the initial value 0 and turn to Step 2) to complete the single-day node layout.

[0011] Further, in Step 1), the node radius R on each layer of circumferential latitude j is:

[0012] σ r is the horizontal atmospheric diffusion coefficient.

[0013] Further, the number of nodes on each layer of circumferential latitude C j is the carbon emission density on each circumferential latitude, l = 1, 2,..., k.

[0014] Further, the first node on each layer of circumferential latitude is provided with an edge computing unit, and the first edge computing units of each layer are all connected to the upper computer. Starting from the last node on the same layer of circumferential latitude from the 1st to the kth layer, information is sequentially transmitted to the previous node on the same layer until the first node.

[0015] After the present invention adopts the above technical solution, it has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. The present invention constructs a carbon emission collection network topology structure centered on carbon sources and covering all aspects. The feature is that the initial movable nodes on the circumferences with different radius distances are arranged in a staggered pattern of longitude and latitude to solve the problem of full coverage in all directions, so as to adapt to climate changes in any wind direction.

[0017] 2. Due to the problem of blind spots under the lamp when large chimneys emit carbon emissions, that is, carbon emission information cannot be detected around the chimney. In other words, it is not necessary to arrange nodes in this area, which can avoid wasting nodes and save the system cost of carbon emission monitoring. Therefore, according to the action mechanism of carbon emission aerosol falling and drifting at the same time, the carbon emission-free area under the chimney is obtained for the first time based on factors such as wind speed, chimney height, and carbon emission aerosol volume, to solve the problem of identifying the effective area.

[0018] 3. Since the carbon emission distribution is uneven, and the basic rule is that the density of carbon emissions gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the chimney. To address this uneven layout problem, the present invention arranges movable nodes with different weight numbers on the circumferences at different radius distances from the chimney using the Gaussian plume distribution model. In this way, there are as many nodes as possible in the high-density area of carbon emission concentration.

[0019] 4. Since the carbon emission detection area is large and the information transmission distance is far, resulting in high power consumption of the detection nodes. Therefore, the present invention adopts the method of arranging points on the circumferential latitudes and transmits them point by point to the aggregation node until the upper computer. In this way, both the uniformity problem and the problem of high transmission power consumption are solved. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout topology structure of the network movable nodes for carbon emission monitoring obtained by using the layout method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram for analyzing the relationship between chimney height and carbon emission detection blind spots;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the node positioning algorithm on each circumference;

[0023] Figure 4 is a logical relationship diagram of information transmission of the network movable nodes for carbon emissions;

[0024] Figure 5 is a working flow chart of the layout method of the present invention.

[0025] The serial numbers and names of each component in the drawings:

[0026] 1. The i-th node on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line; 2. The k-th layer of circumferential latitude line; 3. The i-th node on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line; 4. The 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line; 5. The i-th node on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line; 6. The 1st layer of circumferential latitude line; 7. Chimney; 8. The 1st node on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line; 9. The 1st node on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line; 10. The 1st node on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line; 11. Blind area; 12. Carbon aerosol; 13. Edge computing unit of the first node; 14. Meridian line of the i-th node on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line; 15. Meridian line of the i-th node on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line; 16. Meridian line of the i-th node on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line; 17. Meridian line of the 1st node on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line; 18. Meridian line of the 1st node on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line; 19. Meridian line of the 1st node on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] See Figure 1 , with the chimney 7 as the center, k layers of circumferential latitude lines are set, namely: the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line 6, the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line 4,... the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line 2 from the inside to the outside. The value of k determines the number of layers of circumferential latitude lines. The general selection range of the present invention is: 3 < k < 9. A number of nodes are arranged on each layer of circumferential latitude line. For Figure 1 clear surface, Figure 1 only the 1st node on each circumferential latitude line and any other nodes in the remaining layout are marked, which is called the i-node, namely: the 1st node 8 on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line, the i-th node 5 in the remaining layout on the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line, the 1st node 10 on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line, the i-th node 3 in the remaining layout on the 2nd layer of circumferential latitude line, the 1st node 9 on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line, and the i-th node 1 in the remaining layout on the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line.

[0028] Each layer of circumferential latitude line is centered on the chimney 7. The distance between each layer of circumferential latitude line and the center of the chimney 7 is the radius of the circumferential latitude line, denoted as R 1 , R 2 ,... R k . The distance between the 1st layer of circumferential latitude line 6 and the center of the chimney 7 is R 1 , which is determined by the size of the blind area closest to the chimney 7. For details, see Figure 2 description. The distance between the k-th layer of circumferential latitude line 2 and the center of the chimney 7 is R k , which represents the maximum radius of the carbon emission monitoring area and is determined by the measured maximum distance of daily carbon aerosol emissions. The carbon aerosol discharged from the chimney is not evenly distributed along the radial direction. Therefore, the distances between the circumferential latitude lines are not equal.

[0029] According to the conventional calculation theory of the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter due to the combustion emissions of electrocarbon materials, the formula of the Gaussian plume diffusion model is adopted. Based on the Gaussian plume diffusion model, the carbon emission density C on each circumferential latitude line j The simulation calculation formula can be expressed as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In formula (1), W represents the carbon emission intensity coefficient; μ is the average wind speed corresponding to the chimney outlet; σ r , σ z represent the atmospheric diffusion coefficients in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively; h is the effective height of flue gas emission, r is the radius from the corresponding position to the center of the chimney 7, and R 1 ≤r≤R k .

[0032] Among them, the carbon emission density of the innermost layer of the monitoring area is C 1 , and the carbon emission density of the outermost layer is C k , and the total change in carbon emission density is C 1 -C k . To facilitate better detection of the carbon emission density on each circumferential latitude line, according to the number of circumferential latitude lines k, the change in carbon emission density on each circumferential latitude line is equally divided into (C 1 -C k ) / (k - 1), then the carbon emission density of the jth layer can be expressed as C j =C 1 -j(C 1 -C k ) / (k - 1) (1 < j < k). Thus, the node radius R j of the circumferential latitude line corresponding to the carbon emission density C j can be deduced as:

[0033]

[0034] The density of node layouts on each circumferential latitude line is also not equal. According to the Gaussian plume diffusion model and the experimental analysis of daily carbon aerosol emission density, the higher the carbon aerosol emission concentration is closer to the chimney. Therefore, the density of node layouts on the circumferential latitude lines closer to the chimney is higher than that of those farther away. Let the arc length between adjacent nodes on the first circumferential latitude line be d 1 , and the arc lengths between adjacent nodes on the 2nd to the kth circumferential latitude lines be d 2 , d 3 ,......, d k respectively, the total number of movable nodes in the carbon emission detection network is N, and the number of nodes on each circumferential latitude line is N 1 , N 2 ,......, N kThen the distance d between nodes on each circumferential latitude line j can be obtained from the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] where l = 1, 2,..., k.

[0037] Let θ j be the central angle between two adjacent nodes on the circumferential latitude line, that is, the increment of the central angle θ j between nodes, which can be calculated according to the number of corresponding nodes on each circumferential latitude line:

[0038]

[0039] See Figure 2 , which is a schematic diagram for analyzing the relationship between the height of the chimney 7 and the carbon emission detection blind area 11. The distance between the first-layer circumferential latitude line 6 and the center of the chimney 7 is R 1 , which determines the size of the blind area 11. The higher the chimney 7, the larger the carbon emission detection blind area 11. In addition, the larger the wind speed, the larger the carbon emission detection blind area 11. What reflects the size of the blind area 11 is the radius of the blind area circle, that is, the radius R of the first-layer circumferential latitude line 1 , and its size is related to factors such as the height h of the chimney 7, the wind speed μ, the volume V of the carbon aerosol 12, the mass m of the carbon aerosol 12, the air specific gravity ρ, and the gravitational acceleration g. Therefore, the radius R of the first-layer circumferential latitude line 1 can be calculated and obtained from the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] See Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of the node positioning algorithm on each circumferential latitude line. The first node on each layer of the circumferential latitude line has an edge computing unit 13. Define the connection line between the center point of the chimney 7 and the nodes on each circumferential latitude line as the radial line, Figure 3 gives the positions of the nodes on each circumferential latitude line and the corresponding radial lines. The positions of the nodes on each circumferential latitude line are A 1,0 , A 2,0 , A k,0 , A 1,i , A 2,i , A k,i , A 1,0 corresponds to the first node 8 on the first-layer circumferential latitude line, A 2,0 corresponds to the first node 10 on the second-layer circumferential latitude line, A k,0 corresponds to the first node 9 on the k-layer circumferential latitude line, A 1,i corresponds to the i-th node 5 on the first-layer circumferential latitude line, A 1,i corresponds to the i-th node 3 on the second-layer circumferential latitude line, A 1,iCorresponding to the first node on the k-th layer of the circumferential latitude line. The corresponding radial lines are the radial line 19 of the first node on the first layer of the circumferential latitude line, the radial line 18 of the first node on the second layer of the circumferential latitude line, the radial line 17 of the first node on the k-th layer of the circumferential latitude line, the radial line 16 of the i-th node on the first layer of the circumferential latitude line, the radial line 15 of the i-th node on the second layer of the circumferential latitude line, and the radial line 14 of the i-th node on the k-th layer of the circumferential latitude line. Define the radial line in the due east direction as the reference line, and the angle between the radial line and the reference line is called the central angle of the node. The key to the positioning algorithm is to determine the central angles of the nodes on each circumferential latitude line. In order to realize the radial and latitude staggered layout of the movable nodes, the key is to determine the central angles of the first nodes on each layer of the circumferential latitude lines. Arrange the central angle of the first node on the first layer of the circumferential latitude line on the reference line, and the central angles of the first nodes on the remaining layers of the circumferential latitude lines are successively increased by a certain angle on the basis of the central angle of the first node on the previous layer of the circumferential latitude line. The specific size of the angle is shown in formula (6). The central angles of the first nodes on the circumferential latitude lines from the first layer to the k-th layer can be calculated by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] where j = 2, 3, ……, k.

[0044] The arc lengths between the nodes on each circumferential latitude line are d 1 、d 2 、......、d k From this, the central angles of the i-th nodes on the circumferential latitude lines from the first layer to the k-th layer can be obtained:

[0045] θ j，i = θ j，i-1 + θ j (7)

[0046] where i = 1, 2, …… N j ,j = 2, 3, …… k, N j is the number of nodes on each circumferential latitude line.

[0047] See Figure 4 which is the logical relationship diagram of information transmission of movable nodes in the carbon emission network. A good layout method for movable nodes in the network must facilitate the information transmission between movable nodes. The number of movable nodes in the carbon emission network is large and the distribution range is wide. According to Figure 1 the layout topology structure of the movable nodes in the carbon emission detection network, the Figure 4 logical relationship of information transmission of these movable nodes in the carbon emission network is obtained. The 1 to k virtual frames correspond to Figure 1 the 1 to k layers of circumferential latitude lines in Figure 1 and the number of nodes in each virtual frame is different, corresponding to the number of nodes on the 1 to k layers of circumferential latitude lines in 1,0 respectively, that is, the nodes on the first layer of the circumferential latitude line are A1,1 ……A 1,N1 The nodes on the circumferential weft line of the second layer are A 2,0 、A 2,1 ……A 2,N2 The nodes on the circumferential weft line of the kth layer are A k,0 、A k,1 ……A 2,k 。

[0048] It can be seen from Figure 4 that starting from the last node on the same circumferential weft line of the 1st to kth layers, information is sequentially transmitted to the previous node of the same layer until the 1st node. Each 1st node on the circumferential weft line of each layer has an edge computing unit 13. In this way, all the information on the circumferential weft lines of each layer is aggregated to the 1st node of that layer, and the edge computing units 13 of the 1st nodes of each layer are all connected to the host computer. Under the coordination of the host computer, the information on the 1st nodes of the circumferential weft lines of the 1st to kth layers is processed by the edge computing unit 13 and then aggregated to the host computer. This movable node layout and information transmission method can minimize the transmission distance of each node, thereby greatly reducing the battery energy consumption of the movable nodes, reducing the volume, and saving the manufacturing cost.

[0049] Therefore, referring to Figure 5 , the specific steps of the movable node layout method for the carbon emission monitoring network are as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Determine the key parameters and initial parameters required for the movable node layout of the carbon emission monitoring network

[0051] 1) Obtain the minimum radius R of the carbon emission monitoring area 1 , that is, the size parameter of the blind area 11. What reflects the size of the blind area 11 is the radius of the blind area circle, that is, the radius R of the circumferential weft line of the first layer 1 , as Figure 2 shown. Its size is related to factors such as the height h of the chimney 7, the wind speed μ, the volume V of the carbon aerosol 12, the mass m of the carbon aerosol 12, the air specific gravity ρ, and the gravitational acceleration g. Through theoretical derivation, it can be calculated by equation (5) .

[0052] 2) Obtain the maximum radius R of the carbon emission monitoring area k . R k is Figure 1 the radius of the circumferential weft line of the kth layer shown, which is the farthest distance reflecting the daily carbon aerosol emissions. R k is a function of the maximum wind speed v 最大风速 in the detection area, that is, R k = f(v 最大风速 ), which can be determined by the farthest distance of carbon aerosol emissions under the maximum wind speed, that is, determined by the test experiment of the farthest distance of carbon aerosol emissions under the maximum wind speed.

[0053] 3) The number of turns parameter k of the circumferential latitudes. The number of turns k of the circumferential latitudes is set according to the total number of movable nodes in the carbon emission detection network. The more the total number of movable nodes, the higher the density of the circumferential latitudes, the denser the carbon emission detection sampling points, and the higher the accuracy of carbon emission detection. However, the design cost of the network system is also higher. During the system design process, weigh the pros and cons to determine the total number of movable nodes in a carbon emission detection network, and thus determine the number of turns of the circumferential latitudes. The general design selection range is: 3 < k < 9.

[0054] 4) Calculate the node radius R on each layer of the circumferential latitudes within the carbon emission monitoring area j (1 < j < k). According to the Gaussian plume model, the carbon emission density monitoring area (R 1 ≤ r ≤ R k ) is divided into equal decreasing layers, and the circumferential latitude radius corresponding to the carbon emission density C j can be obtained from Equation (2) .

[0055] 5) Calculate the node number parameter N on each circumferential latitude j (j = 1, 2, …… k). Figure 1 The number of nodes on the 1st to kth layers of the circumferential latitudes is different. The number of nodes on the 1st to kth layers of the circumferential latitudes are N 1 , N 2 , ……, N k . Its value can be obtained from Equation (3):

[0056]

[0057] 6) Set the initial parameter j of the circumferential latitude to 1, and the initial parameter i of the nodes on the circumferential latitude to 0.

[0058] Step 2: Calculate the initial node central angle θ on the jth layer of the circumferential latitude j,0 and the central angle increment θ between nodes j

[0059] 1) Calculate the initial node central angle θ on the jth layer of the circumferential latitude j,0Define the meridian in the due east direction as the reference line, and the angle between the meridian and the reference line is called the central angle of the node. The key to the positioning algorithm is to determine the central angles of the nodes on each circumferential latitude line. In nature, the wind direction is random, so nodes are arranged as much as possible around the meridians with different central angles. In order to implement movable nodes, a radial-latitude staggered layout is adopted. The key is to determine the central angle of the first node on each layer of circumferential latitude lines. Define the central angle of the first node on the first layer of circumferential latitude line on the reference line, and the central angle of the first node on each subsequent layer of circumferential latitude lines is increased by a certain angle on the basis of the central angle of the first node on the previous layer of circumferential latitude line. The central angles of the first nodes on the circumferential latitude lines from layer 1 to layer k can be obtained by calculating with formula (6).

[0060] 2) Calculate the central angle increment θ between nodes j 。θ j is the central angle between nodes on the circumferential latitude line, which can be calculated according to the number of nodes on the circumferential latitude line. See formula (4) for details.

[0061] Step 3: Calculate the central angle θ of the i-th node on the j-th layer of circumferential latitude line j,i 。The central angles of the i-th nodes on the circumferential latitude lines from layer 1 to layer k start from the initial node central angle θ j,0 and successively add the central angle increment θ j between nodes on this layer. See formula (7) for details.

[0062] Step 4: Determine whether all nodes on the j-th circumferential latitude line have been completely arranged, that is, whether i is greater than N j . If not all have been completely arranged, then increase the value of i by 1 and go back to Step 3.

[0063] Step 5: Determine whether all circumferential latitude lines have been completely arranged, that is, whether j is greater than k. If not all have been completely arranged, then increase the value of j by 1, set i back to the initial value 0 and go back to Step 2 to complete the single-day layout.

[0064] The carbon emission monitoring data can be transmitted in a reverse cascade from the terminal node to the head node within each layer of circumferential latitude lines through the above hierarchical concentric circle topology structure, combined with the edge computing unit 13 for local preprocessing, and finally complete cross-layer data fusion through the host computer.

[0065] Since in the Gaussian plume model, the horizontal diffusion coefficient (σ r ) is mainly affected by the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, when the average temperature of a certain day changes by more than 15% compared with the average temperature of the previous day, it is necessary to repeat Step 1 to Step 5 according to the changed horizontal diffusion coefficient (σ r ) to re-distribute the movable nodes.

Claims

1. A network mobile node layout method for carbon emission monitoring, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1): With the chimney as the center, set k layers of circumferential latitudes from the inside out, where 3 < k < 9. Arrange a number of nodes on each layer of circumferential latitude. Determine the radius R1 of the first layer of circumferential latitude, which is the radius of the blind area, and obtain the maximum radius R of the carbon emission monitoring area k , calculate the node radius R j and the number of nodes N j , 1 < j < k; Step 2): Define the radial line in the due east direction as the baseline and calculate the center angle θ of the first node on the jth layer of the circumference latitude j,0 The increment of the central angle between the nodes θ j ; Step 3): Calculate the center angle θ of the i-th node on the j-th layer circumference latitude j,i ; Step 4): Determine whether all nodes on the j-th layer of the circular latitude have been laid out, that is, whether i is greater than N j If the layout is not complete, the value of i is increased by 1 and the process goes to step 3): Step 5): Determine whether all circular latitudes have been laid out, that is, whether j is greater than k. If not, the j value increases by 1, i returns to the initial value of 0 and goes to step 2) to complete the single-day layout.

2. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the node radius R on the circumferential latitude of each layer j for: σ r is the horizontal atmospheric diffusion coefficient.

3. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the number of nodes on the circumferential latitude of each layer is C j is the carbon emission density on each circumferential latitude, l = 1, 2, ..., k.

4. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the radius R1 of the first layer of circumference is: μ is the wind speed, h is the height of the chimney, V and m are the volume and mass of the carbon aerosol, respectively, and ρ is the specific gravity of air.

5. The method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first node center angle θ j,0 for: The increment of the central angle between nodes θ j for: The central angle θ of the i-th node j,i is: j，i =θ j，i-1 +θ j .

6. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first node on each circular latitude is equipped with an edge computing unit. The first edge computing unit of each layer is connected to the host computer. Starting from the last node on the same circular latitude of layers 1 to k, information is transmitted to the previous node on the same layer in sequence until the first node.

7. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The carbon emission density C j The calculation formula is: W is the carbon emission intensity coefficient; μ is the average wind speed corresponding to the chimney outlet; σ r , σ z are the atmospheric diffusion coefficients in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively; h is the effective height of flue gas emission, r is the radius from the corresponding position to the center of the chimney, R1≤r≤R k .

8. A method for deploying network mobile nodes for carbon emission monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: When the average temperature of a day changes by more than 15% compared with the average temperature of the previous day, the horizontal diffusion coefficient σ r , repeat steps 1) to 5) to redistribute the points.

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