Azimuth steering antenna for side radar

Abstract

The invention relates to an azimuthal steering antenna for a side radar. An antenna assembly is configured to divert a radio frequency signal, i.e., an RF signal, to a focal region offset from an azimuth center. The antenna assembly includes a feed corner defined by a conductive top plate between an inner surface and an outer surface of the plate. The feed angle is aligned with the waveguide. A step is defined by the conductive top plate to extend from a surface of the feed angle toward the focal region. The step is configured to divert an RF signal to emanate from the outer surface of the conductive top plate toward the focal region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an azimuth steering antenna for a side radar. Background Art

[0002] This section provides background information related to the present disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.

[0003] Radar uses electromagnetic signals to detect and track objects. One or more antennas are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals. An antenna can be characterized by gain and beam width, or more specifically, by a pattern, which is a measure of gain that varies according to direction. By modifying the radiation pattern, the antenna can be customized for a specific application. For example, for a side radar application, the radiation pattern can be offset from the center. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This section provides a general overview of the present disclosure and is not an exhaustive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

[0005] Among various features, the present disclosure includes an antenna assembly configured to steer a radio frequency (RF) signal to a focused region offset from an azimuth center. The antenna assembly includes: a circuit board including an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located above the circuit board, the waveguide plate including waveguides configured to perform at least one of: guiding the RF signal to the conductive traces and guiding the RF signal from the conductive traces; and a conductive top plate located above the waveguide plate. The conductive top plate includes: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle defined between the inner surface and the outer surface by the conductive top plate, the feed angle being aligned with the waveguide; a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface of the feed angle, the first surface being inclined toward the focused region; and a step defined by the conductive top plate, the step extending from the first surface toward the focused region to the outer surface, the step being configured to steer the RF signal to emit from the outer surface of the conductive top plate toward the focused region.

[0006] In a further feature, the feed angle is perpendicular to the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

[0007] In a further feature, the second surface of the feed angle is inclined away from the first surface.

[0008] In a further feature, the focused region is offset 60° from the azimuth center.

[0009] In a further feature, the antenna assembly is configured as a side antenna for a vehicle.

[0010] In a further feature, the step includes a tread surface extending parallel to the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

[0011] In a further feature, the step includes a rising surface extending away from the tread surface towards the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

[0012] In a further feature, the step includes: a tread surface extending parallel to the outer surface of the conductive top plate; a rising surface extending away from the tread surface towards the outer surface of the conductive top plate; a first curved surface extending from the first surface of the feed angle to the tread surface; a second curved surface between the tread surface and the rising surface; and a third curved surface between the rising surface and the outer surface.

[0013] In a further feature, a fourth curved surface is between the second surface of the feed angle and the outer surface.

[0014] In a further feature, the step includes a tread surface and a rising surface, and the depth of the tread surface is greater than the height of the rising surface.

[0015] In a further feature, the step includes a tread surface and a rising surface; the depth of the tread surface is between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and the height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

[0016] In a further feature, the depth of the tread surface is 1.42 mm; and the height of the rising surface is 1.0 mm.

[0017] In a further feature, the maximum width between the first surface and the second surface of the feed angle is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

[0018] In various features, the present disclosure further includes an antenna assembly configured to direct a radio frequency (RF) signal to a focused area deviated from the azimuth center. The antenna assembly includes: a circuit board including an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located on the circuit board, the waveguide plate including a waveguide configured to perform at least one of the following: direct the RF signal to the conductive traces and direct the RF signal from the conductive traces; and a conductive top plate located on the waveguide plate. The conductive top plate includes: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle defined by the conductive top plate; and a step adjacent to the feed angle defined by the conductive top plate, the step including a tread surface and a rising surface extending from the tread surface towards the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

[0019] In a further feature, the tread surface extends parallel to the outer surface.

[0020] In a further feature, the focus region is offset from the azimuth center by at least 60°.

[0021] In a further feature, the depth of the support surface is greater than the height of the rising surface.

[0022] In a further feature, the depth of the support surface is between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and the height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

[0023] In a further feature, the depth of the support surface is 1.42 mm; and the height of the rising surface is 1.0 mm.

[0024] In various features, the present disclosure also includes an antenna assembly configured to steer a radio frequency (RF) signal to a focus region offset from the azimuth center. The antenna assembly includes: a circuit board including an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located above the circuit board, the waveguide plate including a waveguide configured to perform at least one of: guiding the RF signal to the conductive traces and guiding the RF signal from the conductive traces; and a conductive top plate located above the waveguide plate. The conductive top plate includes: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle defined by the conductive top plate between the inner surface and the outer surface, the feed angle being aligned with the waveguide; a first surface and a second surface of the feed angle, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and being inclined away from the second surface towards the focus region; and a step defined by the conductive top plate, the step extending from the first surface towards the focus region to the outer surface, the step including a support surface and a rising surface, the rising surface being configured to steer the RF signal to emit from the outer surface of the conductive top plate towards the focus region. The support surface has a depth between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and the height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

[0025] Based on the description provided herein, other applicable fields will become apparent. The description and specific examples in the present invention summary are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only for selected embodiments and not for all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 1 A radar assembly according to the present disclosure is shown, which is configured as a side radar at an exemplary mounting location on a vehicle.

[0028] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an exploded view of an antenna assembly;

[0029] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a cross-sectional view of a conductive top plate of a radar assembly taken along line 3-3 of

[0030] Figure 4 is another cross-sectional view of the conductive top plate according to the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 shows Figure 4 exemplary radio frequency signals emitted from the conductive top plate of

[0032] Figure 6 is a graph showing an exemplary radiation pattern of the antenna assembly according to the present disclosure; and

[0033] Figure 7 is a graph showing another exemplary radiation pattern of the antenna assembly according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Throughout several views of the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts. Detailed Description

[0035] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] A side radar can be configured to steer radio frequency (RF) signals to a specific area to optimize performance. The present disclosure provides an antenna assembly that is configured to steer RF signals to a focused area that is offset from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly. The conductive top plate of the antenna assembly defines a feed angle and a step that extends from the feed angle to the outer surface of the top plate. The step is configured to steer the RF signal to emit from the outer surface toward the focused area. The step includes a support surface and a rising surface. The step can be formed with a support surface and a rising surface of any suitable dimensions to produce a customized radiation pattern suitable for a particular application. For example, as explained herein, the depth of the support surface and the height of the rising surface can be varied to customize the radiation pattern.

[0037] Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows an exemplary antenna assembly 10 according to the present disclosure. The antenna assembly 10 is configured for any suitable application, such as an automotive application. In the example of Figure 1 the antenna assembly 10 is mounted to a vehicle 20. The antenna assembly 10 can be mounted to any suitable location on the vehicle 20, such as on the A-pillar 22 of the vehicle 20. The antenna assembly 10 is configured to transmit and / or receive radio frequency (RF) signals 12 to a focused area that is offset from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly. Thus, the antenna assembly 10 is particularly suitable for being mounted as a side radar. InFigure 1 In the example, even when the conductive top plate of the antenna assembly 10 faces the side of the vehicle 20 or the front corner of the vehicle 20, the RF signal 12 is guided towards the focusing area at the front of the vehicle 20. The antenna assembly 10 can also be configured for any other suitable automotive or non-automotive use.

[0038] Specific reference Figure 2 , the antenna assembly 10 generally includes a circuit board 30, a waveguide plate 40, and a conductive top plate 50. The circuit board 30, the waveguide plate 40, and the conductive top plate 50 are fixed together in any suitable manner, such as using any suitable fasteners 24. The waveguide plate 40 is fixed between the circuit board 30 and the conductive top plate 50.

[0039] The circuit board 30 includes an integrated circuit (IC) 32 configured to process radio frequency (RF) signals. Conductive traces 34 extend from the IC 32, and the conductive traces 34 are electrically connected to the IC 32. Conductive pads 36 are located at the distal ends of the traces 34. The pads 36 and the traces 34 are configured to conduct RF signals electrically to and from the IC 32.

[0040] The waveguide plate 40 is mounted above the circuit board 30. The waveguide plate 40 defines a plurality of waveguides 42. The waveguides 42 extend from feed holes 44. The feed holes 44 are aligned with the pads 36 of the circuit board 30. The RF signals transmitted from the IC 32 are conducted along the traces 34 to the pads 36 and through the feed holes 44 of the waveguide plate 40 to the waveguides 42. Conversely, the received RF signals are guided by the waveguides 42 through the pads 36 and the traces 34 to the feed holes 44 and the IC 32. The distal ends 46 of the waveguides 42 opposite the feed holes 44 are positioned and shaped to be aligned with the feed horns 70 of the conductive top plate 50. Each distal end 46 can include a plurality of branch ends. Each branch end can be aligned with a different feed horn 70. In some applications, more than one branch end of the plurality of branches can be aligned with the same feed horn 70.

[0041] The conductive top plate 50 has an outer surface 52 and an inner surface 54. The outer surface 52 is opposite to the inner surface 54. The inner surface 54 faces the waveguide plate 40. The outer surface 52 is the outer surface of the antenna assembly 10. The conductive top plate 50 is made of any suitable conductive material, such as any suitable metallic material.

[0042] Continuing to refer Figure 1 and Figure 2 and further referring Figure 3 , the conductive top plate 50 defines a plurality of slots 60, and each slot is an opening for a different feed horn 70. Figure 3It is a cross-sectional view of one of the feed angles 70. The feed angle 70 is perpendicular to the outer surface 52 and is configured to direct the transmitted RF signal to a focused area offset from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly 10, as explained herein. The feed angle 70 is also configured to direct the received RF signal to the distal end 46 of the waveguide 42. The feed angle 70 can be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0043] Each feed angle 70 includes a first surface 72 and a second surface 74. The first surface 72 and the second surface 74 extend away from the distal end 46 of the waveguide 42 toward the outer surface 52 of the conductive top plate 50. The first surface 72 is opposite to the second surface 74. The first surface 72 and the second surface 74 are connected by a side surface 76. The first surface 72 and the second surface 74 can be substantially symmetric, whereby the first surface 72 and the second surface 74 extend substantially parallel to each other. In other applications, the first surface 72 and the second surface 74 can be asymmetric. In Figure 3 the example of, the first surface 72 is inclined away from the second surface 74 toward the focused area. Thus, the first surface 72 is inclined along the direction in which the RF signal 12 is turned. The first surface 72 terminates before reaching the outer surface 52.

[0044] The conductive top plate 50 also defines a step 80 that extends from the first surface 72 to the outer surface 52. The step 80 also extends toward the focused area. The step 80 is configured to turn the RF signal 12 to emit from the outer surface 52 of the conductive top plate 50 toward the focused area, as further explained herein and as generally shown in Figure 5 the figure.

[0045] The step 80 includes a support surface 82 and a rising surface 84. The support surface 82 extends parallel to or substantially parallel to the outer surface 52. The rising surface 84 extends away from the support surface 82 toward the outer surface 52 of the conductive top plate 50. The rising surface 84 can be at a right angle to the support surface 82, or inclined away from the support surface 82. For example, the rising surface 84 can be inclined to extend along a line parallel to or substantially parallel to the first surface 72.

[0046] Between the support surface 82 and the rising surface 84 is a first curved surface 90. Between the first surface 72 and the support surface 82 is a second curved surface 92. The step 80 can also include a third curved surface that extends from the rising surface 84 to the outer surface 52. As shown in the example of Figure 4 the figure, a fourth curved surface 96 can extend from the second surface 74 to the outer surface 52.

[0047] The feed angle 70 can be formed with any custom size suitable for turning the RF signal 12 toward a focused area offset from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly 10. For example and with reference to Figure 4In an exemplary configuration, the feed angle 70 can be formed to have any suitable maximum distance A between the first surface 72 and the second surface 74. The support surface 82 can be formed to have any suitable depth B from the first surface 72 to the rising surface 84. And the rising surface 84 can be formed to have any suitable height C from the support surface 82 to the outer surface 52.

[0048] In one exemplary configuration, the maximum distance A of the feed angle 70 between the first surface 72 and the second surface 74 can be one quarter of the wavelength of the RF signal 12. For example, it can be 1.0 mm. The support surface 82 can be formed to have a depth B between one quarter and one half of the wavelength of the RF signal 12. For example, the support surface 82 can have a depth B of 1.42 mm. The rising surface 84 can have a height C that is one quarter of the wavelength of the RF signal 12. For example, the rising surface 84 can have a height C of 1.0 mm. In some applications, these dimensions of the feed angle 70 and the step 80 are suitable for focusing the RF signal 12 to deviate from the azimuth center by up to, for example, 60° or about 60°. The feed angle 70 and the step 80 can be formed to have any other suitable dimensions to focus the RF signal 12 to an area that deviates from the azimuth center at any other suitable angle.

[0049] Figure 5 An exemplary RF signal 12 is shown that emanates from the feed angle 70 along the step 80 to a focused area that deviates from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly 10. The feed angle 70 and the step 80 cause the RF signal 12 to be delayed in Figure 5 the positive X direction identified. This delay in field propagation effectively steers the RF signal 12 to a focused area that deviates from the azimuth center.

[0050] Generally, the greater the depth B of the support surface 82, the greater the delay of the RF signal 12, which allows for higher gain along the azimuth towards the edge of the field of view. The shorter the depth B of the support surface 82, the less beam steering will occur. If the depth becomes too large, grating lobes may occur.

[0051] Regarding the height C of the rising surface 84, it can also be customized to change the radiation pattern of the RF signal 12. Generally, the greater the height C, and thus the higher the rising surface 84 extends in the Z direction, the more space there is for the RF signal 12 to propagate through the final aperture at the slot 60 and become uniform, thereby reducing beam steering. Conversely, if the rising surface 84 is too high along the line C, there may not be enough potential for the RF signal 12 to couple through the step 80. Providing a rising surface 84 with a height C that is one quarter of the wavelength of the RF signal 12 (such as 1 mm) can be suitable for a range of side radar applications.

[0052] Figure 6 Shows an exemplary radiation pattern 110 of the antenna assembly 10. When the support surface 82 has a depth B that is just less than half the wavelength of the RF signal 12, which can be, for example, 1.42 mm or approximately 1.42 mm, the antenna assembly 10 produces radiation pattern A. And radiation pattern A is produced when the rising surface 84 has a height C of 1 mm. When the support surface 82 is formed with a relatively short depth B, radiation pattern B is produced. When the support surface 82 is formed with a relatively long depth B, radiation pattern C is produced. These radiation patterns represent the tunability of the antenna assembly 10.

[0053] Figure 7 Shows an additional exemplary radiation pattern 210 of the antenna assembly 10. For example, when the rising surface 84 has a height C that is one - quarter of the wavelength of the RF signal 12, which can be 1.0 mm, or approximately 1.0 mm, the antenna assembly 10 produces radiation pattern A'. And radiation pattern A' is produced when the support surface 82 has a depth B of 2 mm. When the rising surface 84 is formed with a relatively short height C, radiation pattern B' is produced. When the rising surface 84 is formed with a relatively high height C, radiation pattern C' is produced. These radiation patterns represent the tunability of the antenna assembly 10.

[0054] Thus, the antenna assembly 10 can be configured to steer the RF signal 12 to a focused region that is offset from the azimuth center of the antenna assembly 10. In particular, the feed angle 70 and the step 80 can be formed to have any suitable dimensions to customize the radiation pattern to be offset from the azimuth center by any suitable distance.

[0055] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. The individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but rather, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in the selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. This can also vary in many ways. Such variations should not be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

[0056] Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope of protection to those skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, and that the example embodiments can be embodied in many different forms and all should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well - known processes, well - known device structures, and well - known techniques have not been described in detail.

[0057] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may also be intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprising", "including" and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. Unless specifically identified in the order of execution, the method steps, processes and operations described herein should not be construed as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the particular order discussed or illustrated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0058] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on", "engaged to", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on", "directly engaged to", "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, intervening elements or layers may not be present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner (e.g., "between" versus "directly between", "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent", etc.). As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0059] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another. Terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply an order or sequence when used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

[0060] For ease of description, this document may use spatial relative terms, such as "inner", "outer", "below", "beneath", "lower", "above", "upper", etc., to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figure to another element or feature. The spatial relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, the element described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features will be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below" can cover both an orientation above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly, the antenna assembly being configured to steer a radio frequency signal (RF signal) to a focal region deviated from an azimuth center, the antenna assembly comprising: a circuit board comprising an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located above the circuit board, the waveguide plate comprising a waveguide configured to at least one of: guide the RF signal to the conductive trace and guide the RF signal from the conductive trace; as well as a conductive top plate, the conductive top plate being located above the waveguide plate, the conductive top plate comprising: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle, the feed angle being defined by the conductive top plate between the inner surface and the outer surface, the feed angle being aligned with the waveguide; a first surface of the feed angle and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface being inclined toward the focusing region; and a step, the step being defined by the conductive top plate, the step extending from the first surface toward the focusing region to the outer surface, the step being configured to turn the RF signal to be emitted from the outer surface of the conductive top plate toward the focusing region.

2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The feed angle is perpendicular to the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

3. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The second surface of the feed horn is inclined away from the first surface.

4. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The focal area deviates from the azimuth center by 60°.

5. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna assembly is configured as a side antenna for a vehicle.

6. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The step includes a support surface extending parallel to the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

7. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The step includes a rising surface extending away from a support surface toward the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

8. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The steps include: a supporting surface extending parallel to the outer surface of the conductive top plate; a rising surface extending away from the supporting surface toward the outer surface of the conductive top plate; a first curved surface extending from the first surface of the feed angle to the support surface; a second curved surface located between the support surface and the rising surface; and A third curved surface is located between the rising surface and the outer surface.

9. The antenna assembly of claim 8, further comprising a fourth curved surface between the outer surface and the second surface of the feed horn.

10. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The step includes a supporting surface and a rising surface, and the depth of the supporting surface is greater than the height of the rising surface.

11. The antenna assembly of claim 1 , wherein: The step includes a support surface and a rising surface; The depth of the support surface is between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and The height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

12. The antenna assembly of claim 11, wherein: The depth of the support surface is 1.42 mm; and The height of the rising surface is 1.0 mm.

13. The antenna assembly according to claim 11, wherein: The feed angle has a maximum width between the first surface and the second surface of 0.25 of a wavelength of the RF signal.

14. An antenna assembly configured to steer a radio frequency signal (RF signal) to a focal region deviated from an azimuth center, the antenna assembly comprising: a circuit board comprising an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located above the circuit board, the waveguide plate comprising a waveguide configured to at least one of: guide the RF signal to the conductive trace and guide the RF signal from the conductive trace; as well as A conductive top plate, the conductive top plate is located above the waveguide plate, the conductive top plate comprising: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle, the feed angle being defined by the conductive top plate; and a step, the step being defined by the conductive top plate and adjacent to the feed angle, the step comprising a support surface and a rising surface extending from the support surface toward the outer surface of the conductive top plate.

15. The antenna assembly according to claim 14, wherein: The support surface extends parallel to the outer surface.

16. The antenna assembly according to claim 14, wherein: The focal area deviates from the azimuth center by at least 60°.

17. The antenna assembly according to claim 14, wherein: The depth of the support surface is greater than the height of the rising surface.

18. The antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein: The depth of the support surface is between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and The height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

19. The antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein: The depth of the support surface is 1.42 mm; and The height of the rising surface is 1.0 mm.

20. An antenna assembly configured to steer a radio frequency signal (RF signal) to a focal region deviated from an azimuth center, the antenna assembly comprising: a circuit board comprising an integrated circuit configured to process the RF signal and conductive traces extending from the integrated circuit; a waveguide plate located above the circuit board, the waveguide plate comprising a waveguide configured to at least one of: guide the RF signal to the conductive trace and guide the RF signal from the conductive trace; as well as a conductive top plate, the conductive top plate being located above the waveguide plate, the conductive top plate comprising: an outer surface and an inner surface facing the waveguide plate, the outer surface being opposite to the inner surface; a feed angle, the feed angle being defined by the conductive top plate between the inner surface and the outer surface, the feed angle being aligned with the waveguide; a first surface and a second surface of the feed angle, the first surface being opposite to the second surface and being inclined away from the second surface toward the focusing region; and a step, the step being defined by the conductive top plate, the step extending from the first surface toward the focusing region to the outer surface, the step comprising a supporting surface and a rising surface, the rising surface being configured to turn the RF signal to be emitted from the outer surface of the conductive top plate toward the focusing region; in: The depth of the support surface is between 0.25 and 0.5 of the wavelength of the RF signal; and The height of the rising surface is 0.25 of the wavelength of the RF signal.

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