National Cryptography SSL Handshake Communication Method Based on Quantum Key

Abstract

The present invention discloses a national cryptographic SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys, which relates to the field of quantum communication technology and includes the following steps: establishing a point-to-point connection between two communication parties through a quantum communication link, where the two communication parties are a sender and a receiver respectively; the sender uses a single-photon source to generate and send a set of quantum bits to the receiver according to a predetermined quantum coding method, and the receiver measures the received quantum bits through a quantum detection device to obtain corresponding measurement results. The present invention improves the anti-interference ability by real-time monitoring the quantum state in the quantum communication link and combining a deep neural network for potential collapse risk prediction, automatically adjusting the redundancy and performing error correction coding when risks are found. By introducing an anti-interference structure and dynamic redundancy adjustment, it effectively avoids key distortion or communication interruption caused by quantum state collapse, ensures the smooth progress of key negotiation, and significantly enhances the reliability and data security of the communication link.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum communication technology, and particularly to a national cryptography SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys. Background Art

[0002] The national cryptography SSL handshake communication based on quantum keys is a way of combining quantum key distribution technology with national cryptography algorithms (national cryptography algorithms) and applying them to the SSL / TLS communication protocol. In this communication mode, quantum key distribution (QKD) technology is used to generate and securely share keys between two communication parties. Through quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement or quantum superposition, it ensures that the key transmission process cannot be eavesdropped or tampered with. Subsequently, national cryptography algorithms (such as SM2, SM3, SM4, etc.) are used for data encryption, authentication, and integrity verification, thereby ensuring the security and protection during the SSL handshake process. This SSL handshake communication combining quantum keys and national cryptography algorithms can effectively enhance communication security and resist the threat of quantum computing attacks that traditional encryption methods may face.

[0003] The prior art has the following deficiencies:

[0004] In the existing quantum key distribution process, due to the fact that the quantum communication link is easily affected by uncontrollable factors such as environmental noise, electromagnetic interference, and non-ideal characteristics of optical devices, the original quantum state during transmission is prone to collapse. Once the quantum state collapses, it will cause the receiving party to be unable to correctly obtain valid qubit information, or make the measurement result seriously distorted, thus leading to the failure of the key negotiation process. Especially when the quantum state collapse occurs frequently, the system will determine that the current key is unavailable, resulting in the inability to normally establish the SSL / TLS handshake process based on this key, and further causing the overall interruption of the communication link. In communication scenarios of critical infrastructure, such as government affairs networks, industrial control platforms, etc., once this problem occurs, it may trigger communication interruptions, business stagnation, and even instantaneous paralysis of the basic system, seriously affecting its security and availability.

[0005] The above information disclosed in the background art section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a national cryptography SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys. By real-time monitoring the quantum states in the quantum communication link and combining with a deep neural network model for potential collapse risk prediction, it can automatically adjust the redundancy and perform redundant error correction coding when risks are detected, thereby significantly improving the anti-interference ability during the quantum communication process. By introducing an anti-interference structure and dynamic redundancy adjustment, it avoids key distortion or communication interruption caused by quantum state collapse, ensures the smooth progress of the key negotiation process, and greatly enhances the reliability and data security of the communication link to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A national cryptography SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys, including the following steps:

[0008] Establish a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties through a quantum communication link, where the two communication parties are a sender and a receiver respectively;

[0009] The sender uses a single-photon source to generate and send a set of quantum bits to the receiver according to a predetermined quantum coding method. The receiver measures the received quantum bits through a quantum detection device to obtain corresponding measurement results. Subsequently, the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information through a classical channel to complete the basis matching operation. Discard the quantum bit pairs with inconsistent measurement bases, and only retain the bit sequence with successful basis matching as the original key bit string for subsequent communication;

[0010] During the process of quantum key distribution, real-time collect the original quantum information transmitted in each quantum communication link through a high-sensitivity detector, and preprocess the collected original quantum information and then store it structurally in an analysis set;

[0011] Extract the key features in the constructed analysis set that can significantly characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse, and perform quantization processing on the extracted key features to characterize the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during transmission;

[0012] Input the feature vector after quantization processing into a pre-trained deep neural network model to identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link;

[0013] If it is identified that there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link, perform redundant error correction coding processing on the quantum bits to be transmitted, specifically: dynamically adjust the redundancy according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk, and add an anti-interference structure on the coding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbation.

[0014] Preferably, establishing a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties through a quantum communication link generally includes the following three steps:

[0015] First, a physical layer connection is established between the two communication parties;

[0016] The sender uses the quantum key distribution protocol to generate and send quantum states, and the receiver synchronously receives and measures the quantum states to initially establish a quantum state interaction mechanism;

[0017] After the quantum state transmission is completed, the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information and error detection data through a classical encryption channel, and finally jointly construct a shared key to establish a secure point-to-point quantum communication link.

[0018] Preferably, key features that can significantly characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse are extracted from the constructed analysis set. Among them, the extracted features include the time density of photon arrival events per unit time and the rate of decrease of the quantum state interference visibility over time. During the monitoring window, the extracted key features are quantified to generate a photon bunching reference value and a coherence decay reference value respectively, and the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during the transmission process is characterized by the photon bunching reference value and the coherence decay reference value.

[0019] Preferably, the feature vector composed of the photon bunching reference value and the coherence decay reference value after quantization is input into a pre-trained deep neural network model, and the collapse coefficient is output by the model. Based on the collapse coefficient, it is identified whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link.

[0020] Preferably, the collapse coefficient generated when predicting the quantum transmission situation of the current quantum communication link through the deep neural network model is compared and analyzed with a preset collapse coefficient reference threshold to identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link. The specific identification steps are as follows:

[0021] If the collapse coefficient is greater than the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link;

[0022] If the collapse coefficient is less than or equal to the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that the quantum transmission of the current quantum communication link is normal and there is no potential quantum state collapse risk.

[0023] Preferably, during the monitoring window, the specific steps for quantifying the time density of photon arrival events per unit time to generate a photon bunching reference value are as follows:

[0024] During the monitoring window, first record the sequence number stream of all single-photon events , where , represents the sequence number of the i th photon event, k is the total number of photon events within the monitoring window;

[0025] Construct a sequence of serial number intervals between adjacent photon events based on event numbers , , This sequence essentially reflects the discreteness of photon events in the statistical space, rather than the real time scale, avoiding dependence on the sampling frequency;

[0026] Define a density weight function according to the sequence of serial number intervals between adjacent photon events, and convert the photon spacing into a non-linear density index. The expression of the density weight function is: , where: is the serial number difference between the th photon event and the i th photon event, is the density attenuation factor, which controls the sensitivity of the interval to the weight. The larger the value, the more sensitive to short intervals, , is the density weight of the i th photon event, indicating the degree of influence of the interval between the th photon event and the i th photon event on the clustering density, When it approaches 1, it indicates photon aggregation, and when it approaches 0, it indicates sparse intervals;

[0027] After obtaining all density weights , calculate the photon clustering reference value based on the density weight. The calculation expression is: , where: is the photon clustering reference value, is the amplification factor, which is used to enhance the contribution of the clustering phenomenon to the photon clustering reference value, and , the exponential form ensures an exponential response to high-density events and suppresses small perturbations in the normal distribution.

[0028] Preferably, during the monitoring window, the specific steps for quantifying the rate of decrease of the quantum state interference visibility over time to generate a coherence decay reference value are as follows:

[0029] Based on the interference pattern at the receiving end, extract the edge contrast function of each interference fringe within a continuous measurement period. The edge contrast function is defined as the ratio of the difference between the edge of the main lobe of the fringe and the central light intensity to the overall interference intensity. The expression of the function is: , where: represents the maximum interference light intensity (fringe center) in the f th interference measurement, represents the light intensity in the fringe edge region in the f th interference measurement, is a small quantity to prevent division by zero (e.g., ), Indicates the edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the f th interferometric measurement, which is used to quantify the clarity of quantum interference fringes and the strength of coherence;

[0030] During the monitoring window, a logarithmic non-linear mapping function is constructed to structurally compress the edge contrast function sequence to generate a coherence attenuation reference value. The generated expression is: , where: N represents the number of consecutive interferometric measurements involved in the calculation during the monitoring window, indicates the edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the th interferometric measurement, is a small drift smoothing term (such as ), which is used to prevent the amplification of abnormal slopes, is the translation parameter of the logarithmic function (such as ), which avoids the amplification error of extreme values, is the coherence attenuation reference value. The larger the value, the faster the interference contrast decreases, that is, the more severe the coherence loss and the higher the collapse risk.

[0031] Preferably, the redundancy is dynamically adjusted according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk, and an anti-interference structure is added on the encoding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0032] When it is identified that there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link, the redundancy of the quantum bits to be transmitted is dynamically adjusted. The dynamic adjustment of redundancy is calculated based on the predicted collapse coefficient of the current quantum communication link and the redundancy risk function. The purpose is to quantify the stability of the quantum communication link through the collapse coefficient and adjust the redundancy coding ratio according to its size. The expression for dynamic adjustment is: , where: is the adjusted qubit redundancy; is the initial qubit redundancy, usually the default value, which ensures the basic coding ability; is the sensitivity coefficient of redundancy adjustment, which controls the response degree of redundancy to the change of collapse coefficient; is the collapse coefficient reference threshold. When the collapse coefficient is less than or equal to the collapse coefficient reference threshold, the system considers that the communication link is normal and no additional redundancy is required; is the collapse coefficient output by the deep neural network model, indicating the quantum state collapse risk of the current link;

[0033] In the quantum communication link, when the adjusted qubit redundancy After calculation, the sender encodes the adjusted qubit redundancy for the qubits to be transmitted. Specifically, this process includes adding anti-interference structures (such as stabilizer codes, quantum repetition codes, etc.) to enhance the stability of qubits during transmission. The purpose of the anti-interference structure is to reduce the impact of environmental noise, electromagnetic interference, and unstable channel transmission on qubits, ensuring that the transmitted content can be correctly restored even when the quantum state is close to collapse. The specific redundancy encoding expression is: , where: is the qubit after redundancy encoding; is the original qubit; represents the error correction encoding operation of the qubit (such as the XOR operation), which combines the redundant bit with the original bit; is the added redundant bit, and the number is , in high-risk situations, the number of redundant bits increases to ensure anti-interference ability, w represents the index of the redundant bit, that is, it indicates the position of each redundant bit in the set of redundant bits, w is an integer representing the number of the redundant bit.

[0034] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0035] By real-time monitoring the quantum state in the quantum communication link and combining with the deep neural network model to predict the potential collapse risk, the present invention can automatically adjust the redundancy and perform redundant error correction encoding when a risk is detected, thereby significantly improving the anti-interference ability during the quantum communication process. By introducing the anti-interference structure and dynamic redundancy adjustment, it avoids the key distortion or communication interruption caused by the collapse of the quantum state, ensures the smooth progress of the key negotiation process, and greatly enhances the reliability and data security of the communication link, especially suitable for quantum communication applications in critical infrastructure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 is the method flow chart of the national secret SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more complete and thorough, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0039] The present invention provides a Figure 1 national secret SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys as shown below, including the following steps:

[0040] Establish a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties through a quantum communication link, where the two communication parties are a sender and a receiver respectively (the sender is usually a client, and the receiver is usually a server);

[0041] Establishing a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties (such as the sender and the receiver, the sender is usually a client, and the receiver is usually a server) through a quantum communication link generally includes the following three steps:

[0042] The first step, quantum link initialization and synchronization configuration: The two communication parties first establish a physical layer connection, configure key components such as quantum light sources, detectors, and clock synchronization devices, and ensure that the sender and the receiver are consistent in terms of time synchronization, channel matching, polarization / phase reference coordinates, etc., laying a foundation for subsequent quantum state transmission.

[0043] The second step, establishment of quantum state sending and receiving mechanism: The sender uses a quantum key distribution protocol (such as BB84, E91, etc.) to generate and send quantum states (such as single-photon polarization states), and the receiver synchronously receives the quantum states and performs measurements, initially establishing a quantum state interaction mechanism to ensure the consistency of the measurement bases and the stability of the physical channel.

[0044] The third step, classical channel negotiation and key collaborative construction: After the quantum state transmission is completed, the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information and error detection data through a classical encryption channel, complete processing steps such as key extraction, error correction, and privacy amplification, and finally collaboratively construct a shared key to establish a secure point-to-point quantum communication link.

[0045] The sender uses a single-photon source to generate and send a set of quantum bits to the receiver according to a predetermined quantum coding method (such as polarization state or phase state), the receiver measures the received quantum bits through a quantum detection device to obtain corresponding measurement results, and then, the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information through a classical channel to complete the basis matching operation, discard the quantum bit pairs with inconsistent measurement bases, and only retain the bit sequence with successful basis matching as the original key bit string for subsequent communication use;

[0046] A predefined quantum coding method refers to that during the quantum key distribution process, when the sender generates quantum bits (i.e., single photons used to carry key information), the classical bit information is encoded into specific quantum states according to pre-set rules. This coding method is usually based on certain controllable physical properties of quantum states, such as polarization states (e.g., horizontal / vertical, diagonal / anti-diagonal polarization), phase states (interference paths with different phase differences), time windows (arrival times of photons, earlier or later), etc. For example, in the BB84 protocol, the sender will encode the classical bits "0" or "1" into different polarization states respectively. For instance, "0" can be represented as horizontal polarization (0°), "1" as vertical polarization (90°), or +45° and -45°. The predefined coding method ensures that the sender and the receiver can use the same rules for measurement and decoding during key negotiation, so as to correctly recover the key information.

[0047] The basis matching operation is a crucial step in the quantum key distribution process to ensure that both communicating parties (the sender and the receiver) can extract a consistent key from the received quantum bits. Due to the uncertainty of quantum state measurement, the receiver needs to select a measurement basis (such as a polarization basis: horizontal / vertical, diagonal / anti-diagonal) when measuring each quantum bit, but the measurement basis used by the sender when encoding these bits is not public. Therefore, after the transmission and reception of the quantum states are completed, the two communicating parties exchange the measurement basis information for each bit with each other through a classical channel that does not require secrecy. Then, compare this basis information and filter out those quantum bits for which the same measurement basis was used by the sender and the receiver. This process is called the "basis matching operation". Only these successfully matched quantum bits have physical consistency and can be retained to form the key, while the remaining bits with different measurement bases are discarded because their measurement results are unpredictable. The basis matching operation ensures that the finally generated key has high consistency and reliability.

[0048] During the process of quantum key distribution, the original quantum information transmitted in each quantum communication link is collected in real time by a high-sensitivity detector. After preprocessing the collected original quantum information (such as noise filtering, time synchronization, data normalization), it is structured and stored in the analysis set.

[0049] In the process of quantum key distribution, preprocessing the collected raw quantum information is a crucial step to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis and the stability of the system. The preprocessing generally includes the following aspects: First, noise filtering, which removes non-signal noise introduced by detectors due to dark counts, electromagnetic interference, background photons, etc. through filtering algorithms to improve signal purity; second, time synchronization, which aligns the high-precision clocks of the data collected by the sender and the receiver to ensure that the arrival time of photons corresponds one-to-one with the sending time, facilitating the correct restoration of the qubit stream; third, data normalization, which uniformly converts the original parameters such as photon intensity, polarization angle, arrival time, etc. into a standardized numerical range for subsequent algorithm processing and feature extraction. After these preprocessing steps are completed, the data is structured and stored in the analysis set, that is, all key parameters are formatted and stored according to a unified data model, enabling subsequent feature extraction, pattern recognition, and deep learning models to efficiently call and analyze. Generally speaking, the role of this processing flow is to improve data quality, enhance feature expression ability, and provide highly reliable data support for quantum state collapse risk prediction and link dynamic regulation.

[0050] Extract the key features from the constructed analysis set that can significantly characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse, and perform quantization processing on the extracted key features to characterize the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during transmission;

[0051] Extract the key features from the constructed analysis set that can significantly characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse. Among them, the extracted features include the time density of photon arrival events per unit time and the rate of decrease in the visibility of quantum state interference over time. During the monitoring window, perform quantization processing on the extracted key features to generate a photon bunching reference value and a coherence decay reference value respectively, and characterize the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during transmission through the photon bunching reference value and the coherence decay reference value.

[0052] In the process of quantum key distribution, if the time density of photon arrival events per unit time increases abnormally, it may indeed indicate the existence of potential quantum state collapse risks in the current quantum communication link. This is because in the ideal quantum key distribution process, photons should arrive at the receiving end independently and uniformly in a form close to the Poisson distribution; when the link is affected by external interference (such as a decrease in the stability of the laser source, fiber optic nonlinear effects, electromagnetic wave perturbations, etc.), it is easy to have the phenomenon that photons "abnormally concentrate" or "cluster" in certain time periods. This density breaks the original statistical characteristics of the quantum signal, leading to the overlap and enhanced interference between quantum states, thus inducing a decrease in coherence and even premature collapse. In addition, photon bunching will also increase the dead zone effect of the detector and the multi-photon superposition measurement error, resulting in an increase in the distortion rate of the measurement result. Therefore, the photon bunching phenomenon is one of the significant precursors of the threat to the stability of the quantum state, reflecting that the quantum link has entered a high-risk transmission state.

[0053] During the monitoring window, the specific steps for quantifying the temporal density of photon arrival events per unit time to generate a photon clustering reference value are as follows:

[0054] During the monitoring window, first record the sequence number stream of all single-photon events , where , represents the sequence number of the i th photon event, k is the total number of photon events within the monitoring window;

[0055] Based on the event numbers, construct a sequence of sequence number intervals between adjacent photon events , , which essentially reflects the discreteness of photon events in the statistical space rather than the real time scale, avoiding dependence on the sampling frequency;

[0056] According to the sequence of sequence number intervals between adjacent photon events, define a density weight function to convert the photon spacing into a non-linear density index. The expression of the density weight function is: , where: is the difference in sequence numbers between the th photon event and the i th photon event, is the density attenuation factor, controlling the sensitivity of the interval to the weight. The larger the value, the more sensitive to short intervals, , is the density weight of the i th photon event, representing the degree of influence of the interval between the th photon event and the i th photon event on the clustering density, approaching 1 indicates photon aggregation, and approaching 0 indicates sparse intervals;

[0057] The role of this step is to convert the photon spacing into a non-linear density index, emphasizing the weighted judgment of "short interval high-risk" events, and providing local clustering degree input for the next step of generating the overall photon clustering reference value.

[0058] After obtaining all the density weights , calculate the photon clustering reference value based on the density weights. The calculation expression is: , where: is the photon clustering reference value, is the amplification factor, used to enhance the contribution of the clustering phenomenon to the photon clustering reference value, and , the exponential form ensures an exponential response to high-density events and suppresses small perturbations in the normal distribution;

[0059] The role of this step is to nonlinearly integrate the effects of all local dense events in the form of weighted products, thereby generating a photon clustering reference value that is highly sensitive to the clustering trend. Photon clustering reference value The larger it is, the more obvious the aggregation behavior of photon transmission in the current link is, indicating that the quantum state may be undergoing rapid evolution or tending to collapse.

[0060] It can be seen from the photon clustering reference value that during the monitoring window, the larger the performance value of the photon clustering reference value generated by quantifying the time density of photon arrival events per unit time, the greater the risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link, and vice versa. The reason is that the photon clustering reference value is used to quantify the density of photon arrival events within a unit monitoring window. The larger its performance value, the more photon events are highly aggregated or clustered in space or time dimensions, which usually means that the quantum state in the link deviates from the ideal independent and uniform distribution state. Ideally, a single photon signal should show an arrival characteristic that is approximately Poisson distribution, but when the photon density increases abnormally, it is often due to external interference (such as noise, temperature fluctuations, device nonlinearity, etc.) that destroys the stability of the quantum state, causing the quantum superposition state to decoherent or even collapse prematurely. Therefore, the larger the photon clustering reference value, the more unstable the quantum state and the higher the risk of collapse; conversely, the smaller the index, the more stable the link, the better the quantum state, and the lower the risk of collapse.

[0061] During the process of quantum key distribution, if the rate at which the quantum state interference visibility decreases over time is observed to be high, it usually indicates that the current quantum communication link has a potential risk of quantum state collapse. Interference visibility is a key parameter to measure the coherence of quantum states, which indicates the clarity of interference fringes between two or more superposition states. When the quantum state is affected by environmental noise, electromagnetic disturbances, thermal noise or device non-ideality, the coherence of the superposition state is gradually lost, resulting in blurred or even disappearing interference fringes. This phenomenon is called decoherence and is a precursor to quantum collapse. The rapid decrease in interference visibility indicates that the coherent information of the system is dissipating rapidly. If no intervention is made, the quantum state will collapse completely, making it impossible to generate the key correctly or distort the measurement results. In severe cases, the communication link may be interrupted. Therefore, the increase in the attenuation rate of interference visibility is a sensitive indicator for identifying the degradation of quantum state stability in the link.

[0062] During the monitoring window, the specific steps of quantizing the rate at which the quantum state interference visibility decreases over time to generate a coherence decay reference value are as follows:

[0063] Based on the interference pattern at the receiving end, extract the edge contrast function of each interference fringe within consecutive measurement periods. The edge contrast function is defined as the ratio of the difference between the edge of the main lobe of the fringe and the central light intensity to the overall interference intensity. The expression of the function is: , where: represents the maximum interference light intensity (fringe center) in the f -th interference measurement, represents the light intensity in the fringe edge region in the f -th interference measurement, is a small quantity to prevent division by zero (e.g., ), represents the edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the f -th interference measurement, which is used to quantify the clarity of the quantum interference fringe and the strength of coherence;

[0064] The light intensity in the fringe edge region refers to the photon detection intensity in the transition region or background region on both sides of the interference main peak in the quantum interference pattern, that is, the light intensity level at non-interference-enhanced positions. This region is usually not at the interference maximum or minimum position, but at the boundary transition region of the main interference structure or the "valley" region between the interference fringes, reflecting the contrast degree between the interference signal and the background noise. The methods to obtain this value usually include: selecting several measurement points within a certain distance on the left and right of the main peak in the interference pattern (e.g., the light intensity value at a distance of from the peak), and using the median value or local average as the edge light intensity; or obtaining the baseline position light intensity of the fringe boundary through a pattern fitting function (such as a Gaussian or sine envelope). The accurate acquisition of the fringe edge light intensity plays a key role in constructing interference contrast-like features, helping to quantify the trend of coherence decline and evaluate whether there is a risk of quantum state collapse.

[0065] The function of this step is to strip the ambiguity of the "full fringe average" calculation method in the traditional visibility, focus on the main interference structure features, and thus more sensitively reflect the core changes in the coherence of the quantum state.

[0066] During the monitoring window, construct a logarithmic non-linear mapping function to structurally compress the edge contrast function sequence and generate a coherence decay reference value. The generated expression is: , where: N represents the number of consecutive interference measurements involved in the calculation during the monitoring window, represents the edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the -th interference measurement, is a small drift smoothing term (e.g., ), which is used to prevent abnormal slope amplification, is the translation parameter of the logarithmic function (e.g., ), avoid extreme values from amplifying errors, is the reference value of coherent attenuation. The larger the value, the faster the interference contrast decreases, that is, the more severe the loss of coherence, and the higher the risk of collapse.

[0067] It can be seen from the reference value of coherent attenuation that during the monitoring window, the larger the performance value of the reference value of coherent attenuation generated by quantifying the rate of decrease of the interference visibility of the quantum state over time, the greater the risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link. On the contrary, it indicates that the risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link is smaller. The reason is that the reference value of coherent attenuation quantifies the attenuation rate of the contrast of interference fringes over time. When the coherence of the quantum state is disturbed, the interference visibility decreases, which means that the superposition state of quantum information gradually loses stability. The larger the reference value of coherent attenuation, the faster the coherence of the quantum state decays, and the easier the quantum state is to collapse. On the contrary, if the reference value of coherent attenuation is small, it indicates that the quantum state maintains a high coherence and the risk of collapse is low. Therefore, as an indicator of the stability of the quantum state, the reference value of coherent attenuation can effectively predict the potential collapse risk in the quantum communication link.

[0068] Input the quantified features as feature vectors into a pre-trained deep neural network model to identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link;

[0069] Input the feature vector composed of the reference value of photon bunching and the reference value of coherent attenuation after quantization into a pre-trained deep neural network model. Through the model, the collapse coefficient is output, and based on the collapse coefficient, it is identified whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link.

[0070] In a quantum key distribution (QKD) system, the pre-trained deep neural network model refers to a deep learning model trained based on historical quantum communication data and feature labels using a supervised learning mechanism before the actual operation of the communication link. The core task of this model is to learn the mapping relationship between complex features (such as photon bunching behavior, coherence change) during the photon transmission process and quantum state collapse, so as to predict whether there is a potential collapse risk in the communication link according to the real-time input feature vector in actual applications. This model generally consists of multiple neural network layers (such as input layer, multiple hidden layers, and output layer). The hidden layer may include convolutional layers (CNN), recurrent layers (such as LSTM), or fully connected feedforward layers, etc. During the training phase, error backpropagation is performed through a large number of historical data samples (each sample contains a set of feature vectors and their corresponding "whether collapse occurs" labels), and the model weights are continuously optimized to enable it to accurately output a prediction value representing the probability of collapse, that is, the so-called "collapse coefficient", when facing new feature inputs.

[0071] Specifically in this scenario, the input of the model is a vector composed of two eigenvalue features, namely the photon bunching reference value and the coherent attenuation reference value. The photon bunching reference value and the coherent attenuation reference value respectively reflect the bunching characteristics of photons in the time domain and the ability of the quantum state to maintain coherence: an abnormality in the photon bunching reference value usually indicates the presence of optical pulse overlap or non-Poisson distribution characteristics in the system, representing that the quantum signal source is subject to non-ideal perturbations or there is a risk of redundant photon retransmission; while an abnormality in the coherent attenuation reference value often means that the quantum state is affected by environmental noise or interference terms, causing the quantum superposition state to rapidly lose and collapse into a classical probability distribution. Through modeling the causal relationship between a large number of such feature combinations and the actual quantum state collapse during the training process, in the test stage, any set of feature vectors can be input into the deep neural network model, and the model will output a numerical value, namely the "collapse coefficient". This collapse coefficient is used to quantify the risk degree of quantum state collapse under the current communication state.

[0072] The pre-trained model has several key advantages: First, it is based on a data-driven modeling method, does not rely on traditional analytical models or artificially formulated rules, and can automatically learn complex non-linear and multi-dimensional relationships, thus having higher recognition accuracy and generalization ability. Second, the model has strong real-time inference ability and good structural scalability. During actual deployment, a low-latency inference process can be achieved through edge computing or FPGA / AI chips; when facing new transmission modes, different physical environments, or different coding protocols (such as polarization state coding vs. phase state coding), the model architecture can be quickly adapted through transfer learning or fine-tuning. In addition, the deep neural network can also be combined with an online learning mechanism to continuously perform incremental updates according to new link data, ensuring that its prediction ability does not decline over time and adapting to long-term operation requirements. In summary, the pre-trained deep neural network model is not only an intelligent perception mechanism for physical anomalies in quantum communication, but also the core algorithm engine for realizing highly reliable quantum key distribution and stable link operation. It greatly improves the anti-interference ability and automatic regulation level of the QKD system in complex environments through modeling and prediction of key features, and is an important part of future intelligent quantum secure communication systems.

[0073] The deep neural network model is not specifically limited here, as long as it can synthesize and analyze the photon bunching reference value and the coherent attenuation reference value to generate the collapse coefficient will do. To implement the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides a specific implementation; the expression for generating the collapse coefficient is: , where , are respectively the photon bunching reference value and the coherent attenuation reference value preset proportionality coefficients, and 、 are both greater than 0. The preset proportionality coefficients refer to the weight parameters that are preset when calculating the collapse coefficient and are used to weight each characteristic index (such as the photon bunching reference value , the coherent attenuation reference value ). They are respectively denoted as and . These proportionality coefficients are not dynamically generated from real-time measurement data, but are optimal parameters obtained from system experience, physical modeling, or the model training process, and are set in advance to control the contribution ratio of each index in the final collapse coefficient. Their role is to regulate the importance of different physical characteristics in the collapse risk assessment, so that the finally generated collapse coefficient can more accurately reflect the stability of the current quantum communication link or the degree of quantum state collapse risk. Since 、 are greater than 0, it is ensured that each characteristic makes a positive contribution to the final result.

[0074] As can be seen from the collapse coefficient, during the monitoring window, the larger the value of the photon bunching reference value generated by quantifying the time density of photon arrival events per unit time, and the larger the value of the coherent attenuation reference value generated by quantifying the rate of decrease of the quantum state interference visibility over time, that is, the larger the value of the collapse coefficient generated when predicting the quantum transmission situation of the current quantum communication link through the deep neural network model, the greater the risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link, and vice versa, indicating that the risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link is smaller.

[0075] The collapse coefficient generated when predicting the quantum transmission situation of the current quantum communication link through the deep neural network model will be compared and analyzed with the preset collapse coefficient reference threshold to identify whether there is a risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link. The specific identification steps are as follows:

[0076] If the collapse coefficient is greater than the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of potential quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link;

[0077] If the collapse coefficient is less than or equal to the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that the quantum transmission of the current quantum communication link is normal and there is no risk of potential quantum state collapse.

[0078] If a potential quantum state collapse risk is identified in the current quantum communication link, redundant error correction coding is performed on the qubits to be transmitted. Specifically, the redundancy is dynamically adjusted according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk (such as 3 times, 5 times, 9 times the coding length), and an anti-interference structure is added on the coding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbations.

[0079] After redundant coding, the fault tolerance of the transmitted qubits is enhanced, and they can effectively resist various interference factors such as electromagnetic interference, photon mode drift, and transmission loss. Even if some quantum states decohere or partially collapse during transmission, the receiver can still recover the original information based on the redundant structure. This can significantly reduce the probability of key negotiation failure and improve the stability and anti-interruption ability of the communication link. This step is the implementation of the entire strategy in practical applications, realizing a closed-loop control from risk identification to communication stability, and enabling the quantum key distribution system to have high reliability in complex physical environments.

[0080] Dynamically adjust the redundancy according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk, and add an anti-interference structure on the coding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbations. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] When a potential quantum state collapse risk is identified in the current quantum communication link, the redundancy of the qubits to be transmitted is dynamically adjusted. The dynamic adjustment of the redundancy is calculated based on the predicted collapse coefficient and the redundancy risk function of the current quantum communication link. The purpose is to quantify the stability of the quantum communication link through the collapse coefficient and adjust the redundant coding ratio according to its size. The expression for dynamic adjustment is: , where: is the adjusted qubit redundancy; is the initial qubit redundancy, usually a default value to ensure basic coding ability; is the sensitivity coefficient of redundancy adjustment, which controls the response degree of redundancy to changes in the collapse coefficient; is the collapse coefficient reference threshold. When the collapse coefficient is less than or equal to the collapse coefficient reference threshold, the system considers the communication link normal and no additional redundancy is required; is the collapse coefficient output by the deep neural network model, indicating the quantum state collapse risk of the current link;

[0082] The function of this step is to ensure that in high-risk situations, the coding redundancy is strengthened, the anti-interference ability is improved, and information loss or decoding errors caused by quantum state collapse are prevented by dynamically adjusting the redundancy.

[0083] In the quantum communication link, when the adjusted qubit redundancy After the calculation, the sender encodes the adjusted qubit redundancy for the qubits to be transmitted. Specifically, this process includes adding anti-interference structures (such as stabilizer codes, quantum repetition codes, etc.) to enhance the stability of qubits during transmission. The purpose of the anti-interference structure is to reduce the impact of environmental noise, electromagnetic interference, and unstable channel transmission on qubits, ensuring that the transmitted content can still be correctly restored even when the quantum state is close to collapse. The specific redundant coding expression is: , where: is the qubit after redundant coding; is the original qubit; represents the error correction coding operation of the qubit (such as the XOR operation), which combines the redundant bits with the original bits; is the added redundant bit, and the number is , in high-risk situations, the number of redundant bits increases to ensure anti-interference ability. w represents the index of the redundant bit, that is, it indicates the position of each redundant bit in the set of redundant bits. Specifically, w is an integer representing the number of the redundant bit;

[0084] This step improves the survival ability of qubits in an unstable environment by increasing redundant bits and embedding an anti-interference coding structure, reduces the risk of information loss caused by quantum state collapse, and ensures the stability and reliability of quantum communication.

[0085] Through the above-mentioned national cryptography SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys, the stability and security of the quantum communication link can be effectively improved, especially in the face of the risk of quantum state collapse. This scheme can predict potential collapse risks by real-time monitoring the quantum state in the quantum communication link and combining a deep neural network model, and can automatically adjust the redundancy and perform redundant error correction coding when risks are detected, thus significantly improving the anti-interference ability during the quantum communication process. By introducing an anti-interference structure and dynamic redundancy adjustment, it avoids key distortion or communication interruption caused by quantum state collapse, ensures the smooth progress of the key negotiation process, greatly enhances the reliability and data security of the communication link, and is especially suitable for quantum communication applications in critical infrastructures such as government networks, financial transactions, and industrial control platforms.

[0086] The above formulas are all dimensionless and take their numerical values for calculation. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation to get a formula closest to the real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to the actual situation.

[0087] Only certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0088] As described above, the foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should be covered within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A national cryptographic SSL handshake communication method based on quantum keys, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Establish a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties through a quantum communication link, where the two communication parties are the sender and the receiver respectively; The sender uses a single-photon source to generate and send a set of quantum bits to the receiver according to a predetermined quantum coding method. The receiver measures the received quantum bits through a quantum detection device to obtain corresponding measurement results; the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information through a classical channel to complete the basis matching operation, and discard the quantum bit pairs with inconsistent measurement bases, and only retain the bit sequence with successful basis matching as the original key bit string for subsequent communication use; During the process of quantum key distribution, the original quantum information transmitted in each quantum communication link is collected in real time, and the collected original quantum information is preprocessed and structured and stored in the analysis set; Extract the key features that can characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse from the constructed analysis set, and perform quantization processing on the extracted key features to characterize the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during transmission; Input the feature vector after quantization processing into a pre-trained deep neural network model to identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link; If it is identified that there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link, redundant error correction coding processing is performed on the quantum bits to be transmitted, specifically: dynamically adjust the redundancy according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk, and add an anti-interference structure on the coding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbation.

2. The method for national secret SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 1, wherein, Establish a point-to-point connection between the two communication parties through a quantum communication link, which usually includes the following three steps: The two communication parties first establish a physical layer connection; The sender uses the quantum key distribution protocol to generate and send a quantum state, and the receiver synchronously receives the quantum state and performs measurements to initially establish a quantum state interaction mechanism; After the quantum state transmission is completed, the two communication parties exchange measurement basis information and error detection data through a classical encryption channel, and finally jointly construct a shared key to establish a secure point-to-point quantum communication link.

3. The method for national secret SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 1, characterized in that Extract the key features that can significantly characterize the tendency of quantum state collapse from the constructed analysis set. Among them, the extracted features include the time density of photon arrival events per unit time and the rate of decrease of the quantum state interference visibility over time. During the monitoring window period, quantization processing is performed on the extracted key features to generate a photon bunching reference value and a coherence decay reference value respectively, and the evolution trajectory of the dynamic collapse of the quantum state during transmission is characterized by the photon bunching reference value and the coherence decay reference value.

4. The method for national cryptographic SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 3, wherein Input the feature vector composed of the photon bunching reference value and the coherence decay reference value after quantization processing into a pre-trained deep neural network model, and output a collapse coefficient through the model. Based on the collapse coefficient, identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link.

5. The method for Guomi SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 4, characterized in that, Compare and analyze the collapse coefficient generated when predicting the quantum transmission situation of the current quantum communication link through the deep neural network model with a pre-set collapse coefficient reference threshold to identify whether there is a potential quantum state collapse risk in the current quantum communication link. The specific identification steps are as follows: If the collapse coefficient is greater than the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that there is a potential risk of quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link; If the collapse coefficient is less than or equal to the collapse coefficient reference threshold, it is determined that the quantum transmission of the current quantum communication link is normal and there is no potential risk of quantum state collapse.

6. The method for national secret SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 3, wherein During the monitoring window, the specific steps for quantifying the time density of photon arrival events per unit time to generate a photon bunching reference value are as follows: During the monitoring window, first record the sequence number stream of all single-photon events , where , represents the sequence number of the i th photon event, k being the total number of photon events within the monitoring window; construct a sequence of sequence number intervals between adjacent photon events based on the event numbers , , reflecting the discreteness of photon events in the statistical space; Define a density weight function according to the sequence of serial number intervals between adjacent photon events, convert the photon spacing into a non-linear density index, and the expression of the density weight function is: , where: is the sequence number difference between the th photon event and the i th photon event, is the dense attenuation factor, controlling the sensitivity of the influence of the interval on the weight, , is the density weight of the i th photon event, representing the degree of influence of the interval between the th photon event and the i th photon event on the clustering density; After obtaining all the density weights Based on the density weights, calculate the photon clustering reference value, and the calculation expression is as follows: , where: is the photon bunching reference value, is the amplification factor, used to enhance the contribution of the bunching phenomenon to the photon bunching reference value, and .

7. The method for Guomi SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 3, wherein, During the monitoring window, the specific steps for quantifying the rate of decrease of the quantum state interference visibility over time to generate a coherence decay reference value are as follows: Based on the interference pattern at the receiving end, extract the edge contrast function of each interference fringe within a continuous measurement period. The edge contrast function is defined as the ratio of the difference between the edge of the main lobe of the fringe and the central light intensity to the overall interference intensity, and the expression of the function is: , where: represents the maximum interference light intensity in the f th interference measurement, represents the light intensity in the fringe edge region in the f th interference measurement, is a small quantity to prevent division by zero, represents the edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the f th interference measurement, which is used to quantify the clarity and coherence of the quantum interference fringes; During the monitoring window, a logarithmic non-linear mapping function is constructed for the edge contrast function sequence to perform structural compression and generate a coherent attenuation reference value. The generated expression is as follows: ,in: N Indicates the number of interferometric measurements that are continuously involved in the calculation during the monitoring window. Indicates The edge contrast index of the quantum interference pattern in the interferometry, is a small drift smoothing term, is the logarithmic function shift parameter, is the reference value of coherent attenuation.

8. The method for national secret SSL handshake communication based on quantum key according to claim 5, wherein Dynamically adjust the redundancy according to the prediction result of the quantum state collapse risk, and add an anti-interference structure on the coding side to resist the collapse caused by channel perturbation. The specific steps are as follows: When it is identified that there is a potential risk of quantum state collapse in the current quantum communication link, dynamically adjust the redundancy of the quantum bits to be transmitted. The expression of the dynamic adjustment is: , where: is the adjusted qubit redundancy; is the initial qubit redundancy; is the sensitivity coefficient of redundancy adjustment, controlling the response degree of redundancy to the change of collapse coefficient; is the reference threshold of collapse coefficient; is the collapse coefficient output by the deep neural network model, representing the quantum state collapse risk of the current link; In a quantum communication link, when the adjusted qubit redundancy is calculated, the sender encodes the qubits to be transmitted with the adjusted qubit redundancy. The specific redundancy encoding expression is: , where: is the qubit after redundant encoding; is the original qubit; represents the error correction encoding operation of the qubit, combining the redundant bit with the original bit; is the added redundant bit, and the quantity is , w represents the index of the redundant bit, that is, indicating the position of each redundant bit in the set of redundant bits.

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