Synthetic fingerprints for testing biometric sensors and methods of making synthetic fingerprints

Abstract

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for generating synthetic fingers are disclosed. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a fingerprint is generated based on fingerprint data received from a database. A mold is created based on the 3D model. A casting material is applied on the mold to create a synthetic finger. The synthetic finger includes a fingerprint formed on the casting material by the mold.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 384,314, filed on November 18, 2022, entitled SYNTHETIC FINGERPRINTS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SYNTHETIC FINGERPRINTS FOR TESTING BIOMETRIC SENSORS, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to manufacturing synthetic fingerprints. More specifically, this disclosure relates to manufacturing synthetic finger members including synthetic fingerprints for testing fingerprint sensors used to identify a person's fingerprint in a fingerprint scanner system. Background Art

[0004] Current standards for false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) assessments of fingerprint sensors set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Fast Identity Online (FIDO) rely on using a large number of human testers to provide evaluations of actual fingerprints. This evaluation technique has many drawbacks. The technique lacks comparability between test laboratories and when testers change. The test locations / conditions for verification are not defined. The technique provides little reproducibility. For example, the testers must be the same, which is difficult to achieve, and humans do not place their fingers in the same position and with the same pressure each time they are tested. Using actual fingerprints may raise privacy issues in most countries. Current test techniques are costly in terms of travel, incentive costs, and legal administration. It requires a long test time, and the system is prone to human errors (poor marking of fingers, incorrect presentation of fingers). Additionally, since the technique relies on living people, it is almost impossible to conduct tests in a pandemic situation. Finally, it may be difficult to obtain racial and age diversity among human test subjects depending on the test location. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one aspect, this disclosure provides a method of generating a synthetic finger member. The method includes: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a three - dimensional (3D) model of a fingerprint based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model; applying a casting material to the mold; and creating a synthetic finger member including a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

[0006] In another aspect, the method includes: placing a mold in a vacuum chamber; applying a vacuum to the vacuum chamber; and releasing the vacuum before the casting material solidifies. In one aspect, the pressure level of the vacuum chamber is selected in the range of 0.2 bar to 0.8 bar. In one aspect, the method includes removing the synthetic finger from the mold after releasing the vacuum.

[0007] In another aspect, the method includes applying a foam material to the synthetic finger. In one aspect, the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to a fingerprint sensor. In one aspect, the method includes applying a near-field communication (NFC) circuit to the foam material. In one aspect, the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0008] In another aspect, creating the mold employs an additive process. In one aspect, the additive process is a high-precision 3D printing process, where the high precision is defined by printing features within a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

[0009] In another aspect, creating the mold employs a subtractive process. In one aspect, the subtractive process is at least one of a high-precision laser engraving or laser etching process, where the high precision is defined by engraving features within a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

[0010] In another aspect, the method includes combining at least one of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive or any combination thereof at a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin. In one aspect, the combination comprises mixing gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint in the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37% - 52%], gelatin [8% - 16%], salt [0% - 3%], acrylic paint [0 - 1%], and making up to 100% of the mass with distilled water ([30% - 55%]). In one aspect, the salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride or magnesium chloride. In one aspect, the casting material can be a liquid or a film. In one aspect, the gelling material includes at least one of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the polymer material includes at least one of natural rubber or artificial rubber or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the properties of human skin include at least one of optical properties, mechanical properties, conductive properties, or thermal properties or any combination thereof.

[0011] In another aspect, the method includes applying a near-field communication (NFC) circuit to a substrate. In another aspect, the method includes applying a near-field communication (NFC) circuit to the synthetic finger. In one aspect, the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0012] In another aspect, creating a 3D model of a fingerprint includes creating a displacement map of the ridges, where the maximum vertical displacement is selected in the range of 33 microns and 80 microns.

[0013] In another aspect, the method includes modifying a fingerprint generated based on real fingerprint data to create a fingerprint for creating a mold.

[0014] In another aspect, the method includes generating a near-human fingerprint to create a fingerprint for creating a mold.

[0015] In another aspect, the database is a high-resolution database, where the high resolution is at least 500 pixels per inch.

[0016] In another aspect, the fingerprint is one of artificial fingerprints, where the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a completely created fingerprint unrelated to human fingerprints.

[0017] In another aspect, the mold is a negative form of the fingerprint.

[0018] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a synthetic finger assembly. The synthetic finger assembly includes a substrate; a near-field communication (NFC) circuit disposed on one side of the substrate; and a synthetic finger disposed on the NFC circuit. In one aspect, the NFC circuit includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0019] In another aspect, the synthetic finger assembly includes a foam material having a predetermined thickness and disposed between the NFC circuit and the synthetic finger. In one aspect, an adhesive is disposed between the substrate and the NFC circuit, between the NFC circuit and the foam material, and between the foam material and the synthetic fingerprint. In one aspect, the synthetic finger is formed from a mixture of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive or any combination thereof in a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin. In one aspect, the combination includes a mixture of gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint having the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt [0%-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], made up to 100% of said mass with distilled water ([30%-55%]). In one aspect, the salt includes at least one of sodium chloride or magnesium chloride. In one aspect, the gelling product is at least one of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the polymer product is at least one of natural rubber or artificial rubber or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the properties of human skin are at least one of optical properties, mechanical properties, conductive properties, or thermal properties or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to a fingerprint sensor.

[0020] In another aspect, the synthetic finger member includes a three-dimensional fingerprint. In one aspect, the three-dimensional fingerprint is an artificial fingerprint, where the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a completely created fingerprint unrelated to human fingerprints.

[0021] In another aspect, an adhesive is disposed between the substrate and the NFC circuit and between the NFC circuit and the synthetic fingerprint.

[0022] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for generating a synthetic finger member. The method includes: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) models of a plurality of fingerprints based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model of each of the plurality of fingerprints; creating a mold array by combining each mold of each of the plurality of fingerprints; applying a casting material to the mold array to form a thin sheet of the casting material; and dividing the thin sheet into individual synthetic finger members, where the synthetic finger member includes a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In the description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as specific aspects, procedures, techniques, etc. to provide a thorough understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical aspects of the present invention may be practiced in other aspects different from these specific details.

[0024] The drawings are incorporated into the specification and form a part of the specification together with the following detailed description, and are used to further illustrate aspects of the concepts embodying the claimed disclosure and to explain various principles and advantages of those aspects. In the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to the same or functionally similar elements throughout different views.

[0025] The synthetic fingerprints and methods for manufacturing synthetic fingerprints disclosed herein for testing biometric sensors have been represented by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details relevant to understanding the aspects of the present disclosure, so as not to obscure the present disclosure with details that are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art who benefit from the description herein.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart showing a process for manufacturing a synthetic finger member including a synthetic fingerprint and using the synthetic finger member to test a fingerprint / biometric sensor according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 2 A fingerprint generated using artificial intelligence techniques according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 3Shows a high - resolution three - dimensional (3D) model according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which is used for creating a mold for manufacturing synthetic finger members using Figure 2 the fingerprint shown in

[0029] Figure 4 Shows a mold for manufacturing synthetic finger members using the 3D model shown in Figure 3 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 5 Shows a high - fidelity synthetic finger member manufactured using the mold shown in Figure 4 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 6 Shows a mold according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, including a metal plate and an array of individual 3D fingerprint molds for manufacturing multiple synthetic finger members.

[0032] Figure 7 Shows a support structure according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, including a frame and a casting material, where the frame is used to support the metal plate shown in Figure 6 during the casting process, and the casting material is used to cast the 3D fingerprint mold onto the casting material to create multiple synthetic finger members.

[0033] Figure 8 Shows a thin sheet 800 of casting material according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, including an array of synthetic finger members created using the metal plate shown in Figure 6 and 7 in which the synthetic finger members are separated into strips from the array of synthetic finger members.

[0034] Figure 9 Shows a thin sheet 800 of casting material according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, including an array of synthetic finger members shown in Figure 8 in which individual synthetic finger members are separated from the strips.

[0035] Figures 10A - 10E Shows steps for manufacturing a synthetic finger member assembly for testing a fingerprint sensor used to identify a person's fingerprint in a fingerprint scanner system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, where:

[0036] Figure 10A Shows a substrate or plate for mounting a synthetic finger member according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 10B Shows a first synthetic finger member sub - assembly including a near - field communication (NFC) circuit attached to a substrate according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 10C A second synthetic finger sub - assembly is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the second synthetic finger sub - assembly including a double - sided tape attached over an NFC circuit;

[0039] Figure 10D A synthetic finger assembly is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure; and

[0040] Figure 10E An alternative synthetic finger assembly is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes a foam layer inserted between a substrate and the synthetic finger.

[0041] Figure 11 An dispensing tray is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes a plurality of synthetic finger assemblies manufactured using the process shown in Figures 10A - 10D or as shown in 10E.

[0042] Figure 12 An dispensing tray is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes a plurality of synthetic finger assemblies manufactured using the process shown in Figures 10A - 10D or as shown in 10E.

[0043] Figure 13 A method of generating a synthetic finger as described in connection with Figures 1 - 12 is shown.

[0044] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a computer device having a data processing subsystem or component in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] This application relates to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 384,326, filed on November 18, 2022, titled ROBOTIC AUTOMATION TESTING APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TESTING BIOMETRIC SENSORS WITH SYNTHETIC FINGERPRINTS, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0046] The following disclosure may provide exemplary systems, devices, and methods for conducting financial transactions and related activities. Although such financial transactions may be referred to in the examples provided below, the aspects are not limited thereto. That is, the systems, methods, and devices may be used for any suitable purpose.

[0047] In one aspect, due to anti-spoofing considerations, the synthetic fingerprints for testing biometric sensors and the processes for manufacturing synthetic fingerprints disclosed herein were not foreseen to be acceptable to most biometric sensor manufacturers. However, the synthetic fingerprints and the processes for manufacturing synthetic fingerprints disclosed herein provide improvements over existing biometric sensor testing systems due to significant improvements in using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate synthetic fingerprints and creating authentic synthetic fingerprints that are not recognized by the fingerprint / biometric sensors being tested. The synthetic fingerprints disclosed herein are generated using high-quality synthetic fingerprint images, high-quality molds, and casting materials. The synthetic finger components can be read by a variety of different fingerprint / biometric sensors being tested. Accordingly, the synthetic fingerprints for testing biometric sensors and the processes for manufacturing synthetic fingerprints disclosed herein provide significant improvements over conventional fingerprint / biometric sensor systems.

[0048] Turning now to the figures, Figure 1 A flowchart of a process 100 for manufacturing a synthetic finger including a synthetic fingerprint and using the synthetic finger to test a fingerprint / biometric sensor in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure is shown. Process 100 begins, for example, by creating a high-quality database 102 having a fingerprint image resolution of 500 ppi (pixels per inch) to 1000 ppi or higher. Database 102 can have different sources, for example, the following two primary database 102 sources.

[0049] In one aspect, a first fingerprint database 104 includes fingerprint data that is generated by a computer (e.g., Figure 14The computer device 3000 shown in [figure] is generated using AI-generated fingerprint technology or other training algorithms to generate reliable and human-like fingerprints. AI technology may include, for example, using generative adversarial networks (GAN or styleGAN) and / or other software techniques to improve the resolution of the last layer of fingerprint data. GAN is effective in generating larger high-quality images and training more generator models. Style-GAN is an extension of the GAN architecture that includes using a mapping network to map points in the latent space to an intermediate latent space, using the intermediate latent space to control the style at each point in the generator model, and introducing noise as a source of variation at each point in the generator model. The resulting model is capable of generating not only realistic high-quality photos of human features such as fingerprints, but also provides control over the style of the generated images at different levels of detail by varying the style vector and noise. In one aspect, AI may be used on the final layer to improve the generation of growth patterns using details or patterns generated using a fixed algorithm, such as a multiresolution analysis algorithm (e.g., Min-Temp MultiRes or low-level AI-generated Syn-Re-GAN). However, such techniques may provide results with lower similarity to human fingers. Figure 2 An example of a fingerprint 200 generated using AI technology in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0050] Return to reference Figure 1 , in another aspect, the second fingerprint database 106 includes fingerprint data from real people that can be adopted by process 100. Using the second fingerprint database 106 collected from real human fingerprints ensures similarity to real human fingerprints. However, this technique may significantly reduce certain benefits and diversity achievable using the AI-generated fingerprint database 104.

[0051] An example of AI software for generating a fingerprint database includes a pre-trained model configuration file (CFG) and a synthetically generated dataset that can be publicly obtained as the Clarkson Fingerprint Generator, which is an example of the Style-GAN described above. Example databases of real human fingerprints include some databases related to CrossMatch Gardian sensors or Biometrica Hi-scan sensors, such as NIST Special Database 301. For example, these real human fingerprint databases can be used by process 100 to modify real human fingerprint data to generate synthetic fingerprints.

[0052] Once a high-quality database 102 has been created, process 100 includes creating 112 synthetic fingers using high-quality / fidelity-quality materials 108. The creation 112 of the synthetic fingers can employ materials having optical, mechanical, conductive, and thermal properties, as well as other properties that reflect the properties of real human skin. High-fidelity-quality materials that exhibit the properties of real human skin include gelling products (e.g., gelatin, pectin casein, agar), polymer products (natural or artificial gums), and / or additives that are mixed in ratios to produce a casting material that reflects the properties of real human skin.

[0053] The creation 112 of the synthetic fingers includes the creation 110 of a high-quality 3D mold. Fingerprint data read from the high-quality database 102 is used to create a high-quality 3D model of the fingerprint. The high-quality 3D model uses grayscale as a displacement map on a high-resolution mesh. The displacement map is used to achieve a maximum vertical displacement between 30 μm and 80 μm in order to reflect the true re-segmentation of the friction ridge depths of real fingerprints. Then, the high-quality 3D model is used to create the mold using a 3D process. As discussed above, high-quality fingerprint images have a resolution between 500 ppi (pixels per inch) and 1000 ppi or greater. Figure 3 A high-resolution 3D model 300 of a fingerprint 302 is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which is used to create a high-quality 3D mold for manufacturing a synthetic finger using Figure 2 the high-resolution fingerprint shown therein.

[0054] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for transforming a fingerprint image in a 3D model using commercially available image processing techniques and image manipulation software. In practice, software having libraries “numpy” and “PIL”, such as “Python”, enables fast and easy image processing.

[0055] In one aspect, the image processing technique includes reversing the fingerprint image (if needed) so that the background corresponds to "0" black and the fingerprint is presented in white. If there are any non-zero values at the boundaries of the image, a soft frame with a width of 5 pixels is created around the image with 0 values (increasing the size). The gray-scale re-segmentation is linearly modified so that the image gray-scale is in the range of 0 to 255. If several images from the same finger are available, the image with the best coverage and / or less rotation is selected. The fingerprint is centered. LANCZOS interpolation is used to modify the image size so as to target 3000 ppi and high-quality images to compensate for any shrinkage. For example, using the final material with a shrinkage rate of 9.09% (divided by 1.1), a 500 ppi image is enlarged 6.6 times. The image is cropped to correspond to the size of the target pattern. For example, an area of 26mm×32mm is cropped to (3064, 3776). If there are any non-zero values at the boundaries of the cropped image, a soft frame with a width of 6 to 12 pixels will overlap around the image with 0 values (maintaining the size).

[0056] The following 3D meshing technique can be performed using commercially available 3D software. The software has been successfully used for this case. The 3D meshing technique first creates a grid of squares representing a large area (e.g., 26mm×32mm). The grid is subdivided such that the plane is composed of a vertex grid every 25μm (in Blender, we use 1 unit = 1mm). Using a displacement modifier (Displace in ), the input image is used as a texture (unwrapping the texture so that the sizes correspond), and the intensity is set such that a full white pixel corresponds to the desired maximum displacement (thus, between 33μm and 81μm, which also takes into account the shrinkage of the material used to create the final composite finger). The displacement is applied and the final grid is obtained to allow 3D engraving, such as laser engraving / etching.

[0057] Return to reference Figure 1 , the creation 110 of the 3D mold can employ an additive process or a subtractive process or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the process 110 of creating the 3D mold can include a high-precision additive model (1μm - 5μm), such as 3D printing. In another aspect, for example, the process of creating the 1003D mold can include a subtractive process, such as high-precision laser engraving / etching on a metal plate. The creation 110 of the 3D mold includes automatic marking (white text in the image) on the image to allow easy identification of the synthetic fingerprint produced later. Figure 4 illustrates for use according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure Figure 3The mold 400 or pattern for manufacturing synthetic finger-like parts is shown in the 3D model 300. The mold 400 containing high-resolution fingerprint features 402 is formed using a displacement map, which has a maximum vertical displacement between 33 μm and 80 μm, as discussed above. The mold 400 is a negative image of the synthetic fingerprint.

[0058] Figure 5 Shown is the use according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure Figure 4 The high-fidelity synthetic finger-like part 500 manufactured using the mold 400 shown in. Refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 4 and 5 and, the high-fidelity synthetic finger-like part 500 includes a synthetic fingerprint 502 formed on a casting material 504. The synthetic fingerprint 502 is a positive image of the fingerprint. The synthetic finger-like part 500 is created by applying the synthetic finger-like part casting material 504 to the 3D mold 400. The casting is completed by placing the 3D mold 400 together with the casting material 504 in a vacuum chamber, applying a vacuum pressure of 0.8 bar (absolute pressure: 0.2 bar), and then releasing the vacuum before the casting material 504 solidifies. Then, the casting material 504 is used to create the high-fidelity synthetic finger-like part 500. In various aspects, the high-fidelity synthetic finger-like part 500 can be mounted on a plate or substrate, using different foams to reflect different fingerprint pressure levels. A near-field communication (NFC) circuit is used to complete the fast and easy contactless authentication of the synthetic finger-like part 500, and the near-field communication (NFC) circuit can be a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, as described in more detail hereinbelow.

[0059] The casting material 504 can be manufactured according to various formulations. For example, a casting material with optical properties, mechanical properties, conductive properties, and / or thermal properties, as well as other properties reflecting real human skin, can be used to create the synthetic finger-like part 500. Such casting materials can include, for example, gelling materials (such as gelatin, pectin casein, agar), polymer materials (such as natural or artificial gums), and additive materials to reflect the properties of real human skin. Specifically, in one aspect, the formulation for the casting material 504 can include a mixture of gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint with the following proportions (relative to the total mass in grams): glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt (such as sodium chloride and / or magnesium chloride) [0-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], and make up to 100% of the mass with distilled water ([30%-55%]).

[0060] Figure 6Illustrated is a mold 600 including a metal plate 602 and an array of individual 3D fingerprint molds 604 for fabricating a plurality of synthetic fingerprints. The array of 3D fingerprint molds 604 is formed on the metal plate 602. As discussed above, the fingerprint molds 604 can be fabricated using a high-precision additive process such as 3D printing or a high-precision subtractive process such as high-precision laser engraving. Each of the 3D fingerprint molds 604 can include a marker 606 formed near an image of a fingerprint to permit identification of the synthetic fingerprint. Figure 6 The metal plate 602 shown in produces 49 fingerprints. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the metal plate can include any number of fingerprint molds, but is not limited thereto.

[0061] Figure 7 Illustrated is a support structure 700 including a frame 702 and a casting material 704, the frame for supporting Figure 6 the metal plate 602 shown in during a casting process. According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the 3D fingerprint molds 604 on the metal plate 602 are cast onto the casting material 704 to create a thin sheet 704 of casting material including a plurality of synthetic fingerprints.

[0062] Figure 8 Illustrated is a thin sheet 704 of casting material including an array of synthetic fingers 802 created using Figure 6 and 7 the metal plate 600 and the casting material 704 shown in. As shown in Figure 8 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the synthetic fingers 802 are separated from the array of synthetic fingers 802 into strips 804. In one aspect, the synthetic fingers 802 are separated by a robotic arm.

[0063] Figure 9 Illustrated is a thin sheet 704 of casting material including Figure 8 an array of synthetic fingers 802 shown in. According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, individual synthetic fingers 806 are separated from the strips 804. In one aspect, the synthetic fingers 802 are separated by a robotic arm.

[0064] Figures 10A - 10D Illustrated are steps for fabricating a synthetic finger assembly for testing a fingerprint sensor used to identify a person's fingerprint in a fingerprint scanner system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 10E Illustrated is an alternative synthetic fingerprint assembly 920.

[0065] Figure 10A Illustrated is a substrate 900 or plate for mounting a synthetic finger thereon. The substrate 900 can be made of a material suitable for supporting, for example Figure 10D , 10EThe components of the synthetic finger assemblies 912, 920 shown respectively are made of any rigid or semi-rigid material. In one aspect, the substrate 900 can be formed of a polymeric material such as plastic. In one aspect, the polymer or plastic can be a bio-based polymer such as polylactic acid (PLA).

[0066] Figure 10B A first synthetic finger sub-assembly 904 is shown, which includes an NFC circuit 902 attached to the substrate 900. In one aspect, the NFC circuit 902 can be an RFID tag. In one aspect, the NFC circuit 902 can be attached to the substrate 900 using an adhesive, such as an adhesive sticker disposed on one side of the NFC circuit 902.

[0067] Figure 10C A second synthetic finger sub-assembly 908 is shown, which includes a piece of double-sided tape 906 attached over the NFC circuit 902. The top side 907 of the double-sided tape 906 is shown as being ready to receive the synthetic finger 910 as Figure 10D shown in

[0068] Figure 10D A synthetic finger assembly 912 is shown according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The bottom side 914 of the synthetic finger 910 manufactured according to steps 102 - 112 of the process 100 shown in Figure 1 is attached to the top side 907 of the double-sided tape 906 ( Figure 10C ). The fingerprint portion of the synthetic finger 910 is located on the top side 916 of the synthetic finger 910. The synthetic finger assembly 912 is shown as being ready to be used in a fingerprint / biometric sensor testing process.

[0069] Figure 10E An alternative synthetic fingerprint assembly 920 is shown according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes a layer of foam material 918 inserted between the substrate 900 and the synthetic finger 910. In the Figure 10E aspect shown in Figure 10C , the bottom side of the foam material 918 is attached to the top side 907 of the double-sided tape 906 (

[0070] Figure 11 A dispensing tray 1000 is shown according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes using Figures 10A - 10DA plurality of synthetic finger-like component 1002 manufactured by the process shown in 10E. The dispensing tray 1000 includes a frame 1004 that defines a plurality of cells 1006 arranged in an array. Each cell 1006 is configured to receive and accommodate a synthetic finger-like component 1002. As shown in Figure 11 In the aspect shown, each synthetic finger-like component 1002 includes an identification mark 1008 disposed on a substrate 1010, as described in connection with Figures 10A - 10D 10E. One side of the NFC circuit 1012 is attached to the substrate 1010, and the synthetic finger 1014 is attached to the opposite side of the NFC circuit 1012. In the aspect shown in Figure 11 , the synthetic finger 1014 is positioned within the cell 1006 such that the synthetic fingerprint faces the bottom of the cell 1006. In other words, the opposite side of the synthetic finger 1014 that is attached to the NFC circuit 1012 is positioned such that it faces the bottom of the cell 1006. In one aspect, the layout configuration of the dispensing tray 1000 is suitable for manual or automated fingerprint / biometric sensor testing processes. During an automated testing process, for example, the end effector of a robotic arm picks up a synthetic finger-like component 1002 from a cell 1006 of the dispensing tray 1000 and then places the synthetic fingerprint portion of the synthetic finger-like component 1002 on the fingerprint / biometric sensor under test.

[0071] Figure 12 A dispensing tray 1100 is shown in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure, which includes a plurality of synthetic fingerprint components 1102 manufactured using the process shown in Figures 10A - 10D 10E. The dispensing tray 1100 includes a frame 1104 that defines a plurality of cells 1106 arranged in an array. Each cell 1106 is configured to receive and accommodate a synthetic finger-like component 1102. As shown in the aspect shown in Figure 12 , each synthetic finger-like component 1102 includes an identification mark 1108 disposed on a substrate 1010, as described in connection with Figures 10A - 10D 10E. One side of the NFC circuit is attached to the substrate, and the synthetic finger is attached to the opposite side of the NFC circuit. In the aspect shown in Figure 12 , the synthetic fingerprint is located on the bottom side of the synthetic finger-like component 1102 that faces the bottom of the cell 1106, the bottom side being opposite the side of the synthetic finger that is attached to the NFC circuit. In one aspect, the layout configuration of the dispensing tray 1100 is suitable for manual or automated fingerprint / biometric sensor testing processes. During an automated testing process, for example, the end effector of a robotic arm picks up a synthetic finger-like component 1102 from a cell 1106 of the dispensing tray 1100 and places the synthetic fingerprint portion of the synthetic finger-like component 1102 on the fingerprint / biometric sensor under test.

[0072] Now return to reference Figure 1 Process 100 includes an automated test process 114 for testing a fingerprint sensor using synthetic fingers manufactured according to steps 102 - 112 of process 100. Synthetic fingers are manufactured according to steps 102 - 112 of process 100. Now refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 11 and 12 and, the layout of each of the created synthetic finger components 1001, 1102 set in dispensing trays 1000, 1100 is configured and optimized to automate the presentation of the synthetic finger components 1002, 1102 to the robot. Using proxy software for the collection software, data from all synthetic fingerprints can be automatically collected using NFC circuits 1012 on the synthetic finger components 1002, 1102. Data is collected according to an enrollment definition 116 (enrollment update) and verification location 118 defined by the sensor manufacturer (given in the evaluation result definition). A contactless reader is used to identify the synthetic fingerprints. This information is used to automatically label the data set.

[0073] Still referring to Figure 1 Process 100 may include creating 120 blind data 122 to prevent spoofing. The blind data 122 is provided to the algorithm under evaluation 125. The process of blinding the data includes shuffling and / or renaming the verification data in such a way that the data is written in a separate file for matching with the enrollment data and cannot be inferred from the name / structure of the verification file. This step is optional but ensures that evaluation spoofing cannot be easily achieved, although it is still possible. The result of the shuffling is blind data 122 on one side and matching information 128 on the other side.

[0074] Run the algorithm under evaluation 124 (evaluation of FAR or FRR) using the blind data 122 as a generic attacker. The evaluation returns an output matching result 126 in a predefined format that allows for automated evaluation. The matching information 128 and the matching result 126 output by the algorithm 124 are recombined to evaluate 130 the true FAR / FRR. The evaluation process according to various aspects of the present disclosure provides several advantages. For example, this evaluation process increases comparability between test laboratories using the same test materials and patterns across all laboratories; increases repeatability by defining fixed test positions / pressures and test conditions; eliminates privacy issues in the case of a computer-generated fingerprint database; reduces costs and test time; eliminates errors caused by human presentation and marking (higher precision in the presentation position); allows testing in pandemic situations; using a specific generation design, the generated fingerprints can reflect some characteristics related to age or ethnicity; and / or using variations in conductivity, foam (pressure level), and environmental conditions (humidity and temperature) provides additional advantages for the evaluation process.

[0075] Now turning to Figure 13 which illustrates a method 1200 of generating a synthetic finger as described in connection with Figures 1 - 12 . The method 1200 includes receiving 1202 fingerprint data from a database and generating 1204 a three-dimensional (3D) model of the fingerprint based on the fingerprint data. The method 1200 further includes creating 1206 a mold based on the 3D model and applying 1208 a casting material to the mold. The method 1200 further includes creating 1210 a synthetic finger. The synthetic finger includes a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

[0076] In various aspects, the method 1200 includes placing the mold in a vacuum chamber, applying a vacuum to the vacuum chamber, and releasing the vacuum before the casting material cures. The pressure (vacuum) level of the vacuum chamber is selected in the range of 0.2 bar to 0.8 bar. In another aspect, the method 1200 further includes removing the synthetic finger from the mold after releasing the vacuum.

[0077] In various aspects, the method 1200 includes applying a foam material to the synthetic finger. In various aspects, the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to a fingerprint sensor. In another aspect, the method includes applying an NFC circuit to the foam material. The NFC circuit can be an RFID tag.

[0078] In various aspects, the method 1200 includes creating the mold by employing an additive process. In another aspect, the additive process can be a high-precision 3D printing process. The high precision is defined by printing features within a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

[0079] In various aspects, the method 1200 includes creating the mold by employing a subtractive process. In another aspect, the subtractive process can be at least one of a high-precision laser engraving or laser etching process. The high precision is defined by engraving features within a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

[0080] In various aspects, method 1200 includes combining at least one of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive, or any combination thereof, at a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin. The combination comprises (relative to the total mass in grams) mixing gelatin, glycerin, water, salt, and acrylic paint in the following proportions: glycerin [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt (e.g., sodium chloride and / or magnesium chloride) [0-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], and making up to 100% of the mass with distilled water ([30%-55%]). In another aspect, the casting material can be a liquid or a film. In one aspect, the gelling material includes at least one of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, the polymer material includes at least one of a natural gum or a synthetic gum, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the properties of human skin include at least one of optical properties, mechanical properties, conductive properties, or thermal properties, or any combination thereof.

[0081] In various aspects, method 1200 includes applying a near-field communication (NFC) circuit to a substrate. In another aspect, an NFC circuit or an RFID tag is applied to a synthetic finger. In another aspect, an NFC circuit or an RFID tag is applied to a foam material. In one aspect, the NFC circuit can be an RFID tag.

[0082] In various aspects, method 1200 includes modifying a fingerprint generated based on real fingerprint data to create a fingerprint for creating a mold. In another aspect, method 1200 includes generating a near-human fingerprint to create a fingerprint for creating a mold. In another aspect, the database is a high-resolution database, where high resolution is at least 500 pixels per inch. In another method, the fingerprint is one of artificial fingerprints, where the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a fully created fingerprint unrelated to a human fingerprint. In another aspect, the mold is a negative form of the fingerprint.

[0083] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a computer device 3000 having a data processing subsystem or component according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The computer device 3000 can be configured to implement computer functions in the process 100 described in conjunction with Figure 1 described process 100. Figure 14The subsystems shown are interconnected via system bus 3010. Additional subsystems are shown such as printer 3018, keyboard 3026, fixed disk 3028 (or other memory including computer-readable media), monitor 3022 coupled to display adapter 3020, etc. Peripheral devices and input / output (I / O) devices coupled to I / O controller 3012 (which may be a processor or other suitable controller) can be connected to the computer system by any number of means known in the art, such as serial port 3024. For example, serial port 3024 or external interface 3030 can be used to connect the computer device to a wide area network such as the Internet, a mouse input device, or a scanner. The interconnection via the system bus allows the central processor 3016 to communicate with each subsystem and allows control of the execution of instructions from system memory 3014 or fixed disk 3028, as well as the exchange of information between subsystems. System memory 3014 and / or fixed disk 3028 can embody computer-readable media.

[0084] It should be noted that any hardware platform suitable for performing the processes described herein is suitable for use with the technology. As used herein, the terms "computer-readable storage medium" and "computer-readable storage media" refer to any one or more of the media that participate in providing instructions to the CPU for execution. Such media can take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as fixed disks. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as system RAM. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire, and fiber optics, among others, which include wires that form an aspect of a bus. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as acoustic or light waves generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, any other magnetic media, CD-ROM discs, digital video discs (DVDs), any other optical media, any other physical media with a pattern of marks or holes, RAM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH EPROM, any other memory chip or data exchange adapter, a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read.

[0085] Various forms of computer-readable media can participate in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to the CPU for execution. The bus carries data to system RAM, and the CPU retrieves and executes instructions from the system RAM. Instructions received by the system RAM can optionally be stored on the fixed disk before or after being executed by the CPU.

[0086] Computer program code for performing operations on aspects of the present technology can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" programming language, Go, Python, or other programming languages, including assembly language. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer; as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0087] Examples of methods in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the numbered clauses below. One aspect of the method can include any one or more and any combination of the numbered clauses described below.

[0088] Clause 1. A method of generating a synthetic finger member, the method comprising: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a three-dimensional (3D) model of a fingerprint based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model; applying a casting material to the mold; and creating a synthetic finger member that includes a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

[0089] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, comprising: placing the mold in a vacuum chamber; applying a vacuum to the vacuum chamber; and releasing the vacuum before the casting material cures.

[0090] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein the pressure level of the vacuum chamber is selected in the range of 0.2 bar to 0.8 bar.

[0091] Clause 4. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, comprising removing the synthetic finger member from the mold after releasing the vacuum.

[0092] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, comprising applying a foam material to the synthetic finger member.

[0093] Clause 6. The method according to Clause 5, wherein the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to a fingerprint sensor.

[0094] Clause 7. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 6, which includes applying a near field communication (NFC) circuit to the foam material.

[0095] Clause 8. The method according to Clause 7, wherein the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0096] Clause 9. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein the mold is created using an additive process.

[0097] Clause 10. The method according to Clause 9, wherein the additive process is a high-precision 3D printing process, where the high precision is defined by printing features within a resolution of 1 to 5 microns.

[0098] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein the mold is created using a subtractive process.

[0099] Clause 12. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the subtractive process is at least one of a high-precision laser engraving or laser etching process, where the high precision is defined by engraving features within a resolution of 1 to 5 microns.

[0100] Clause 13. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 12, which includes combining at least one of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive, or any combination thereof, at a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin.

[0101] Clause 14. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the combination comprises mixing gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint in the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt [0%-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], and making up to 100% of the mass with distilled water ([30%-55%]).

[0102] Clause 15. The method according to Clause 14, wherein the salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride or magnesium chloride.

[0103] Clause 16. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 15, wherein the casting material can be a liquid or a film.

[0104] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 16, wherein the gelling product includes at least one of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar, or any combination thereof.

[0105] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 17, wherein the polymer material includes at least one of natural rubber or artificial rubber, or any combination thereof.

[0106] Clause 19. The method according to any one of Clauses 13 to 18, wherein the properties of the human skin include at least one of optical properties, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity properties, or thermal properties, or any combination thereof.

[0107] Clause 20. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 19, which includes applying a near field communication (NFC) circuit to a substrate.

[0108] Clause 21. The method according to Clause 20, wherein the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0109] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 21, which includes applying a near field communication (NFC) circuit to the synthetic finger-like member.

[0110] Clause 23. The method according to Clause 22, wherein the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0111] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 23, wherein creating the 3D model of the fingerprint includes creating a displacement map of the ridges, wherein the maximum vertical displacement is selected in the range of 33 microns and 80 microns.

[0112] Clause 25. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 24, which includes modifying the fingerprint generated based on real fingerprint data to create the fingerprint for creating the mold.

[0113] Clause 26. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 25, which includes generating a near-human fingerprint to create the fingerprint for creating the mold.

[0114] Clause 27. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 26, wherein the database is a high-resolution database, wherein the high resolution is at least 500 pixels per inch.

[0115] Clause 28. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 27, wherein the fingerprint is one of artificial fingerprints, and the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a completely created fingerprint unrelated to the human fingerprint.

[0116] Clause 29. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 28, wherein the mold is a negative form of the fingerprint.

[0117] Clause 30. A synthetic finger-like member assembly, the synthetic finger-like member assembly comprising: a substrate; a near field communication (NFC) circuit disposed on one side of the substrate; and a synthetic finger-like member disposed on the NFC circuit.

[0118] Clause 31. The synthetic finger-like component according to Clause 30 includes a foam material having a predetermined thickness and disposed between the NFC circuit and the synthetic finger.

[0119] Clause 32. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 30 to 31, wherein an adhesive is disposed between the substrate and the NFC circuit, between the NFC circuit and the foam material, and between the foam material and the synthetic fingerprint.

[0120] Clause 33. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 30 to 32, wherein the synthetic finger is formed from a mixture of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive or any combination thereof in a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin.

[0121] Clause 34. The synthetic finger-like component according to Clause 33, wherein the combination comprises a mixture of gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint having the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt [0%-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], made up to 100% of the mass with distilled water ([30%-55%]).

[0122] Clause 35. The synthetic finger-like component according to Clause 34, wherein the salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride or magnesium chloride.

[0123] Clause 36. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 33 to 35, wherein the gelling product is at least one of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar or any combination thereof.

[0124] Clause 37. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 33 to 36, wherein the polymer product is at least one of natural rubber or artificial rubber or any combination thereof.

[0125] Clause 38. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 33 to 37, wherein the properties of human skin are at least one of optical properties, mechanical properties, conductive properties, or thermal properties or any combination thereof.

[0126] Clause 39. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 31 to 38, wherein the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to the fingerprint sensor.

[0127] Clause 40. The synthetic finger-like component according to any one of Clauses 30 to 39, wherein the synthetic finger includes a three-dimensional fingerprint.

[0128] Clause 41. The synthetic finger component according to Clause 40, wherein the three-dimensional fingerprint is an artificial fingerprint, and the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a completely created fingerprint unrelated to a human fingerprint.

[0129] Clause 42. The synthetic finger component according to any one of Clauses 30 to 41, wherein an adhesive is provided between the substrate and the NFC circuit and between the NFC circuit and the synthetic fingerprint.

[0130] Clause 43. The synthetic finger according to any one of Clauses 30 to 42, wherein the NFC circuit is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0131] Clause 44. A method of generating a synthetic finger, the method comprising: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) models of a plurality of fingerprints based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model of each of the plurality of fingerprints; creating a mold array by combining each mold of each of the plurality of fingerprints; applying a casting material to the mold array to form a thin sheet of the casting material; and dividing the thin sheet into individual synthetic fingers, wherein the synthetic finger includes a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

[0132] The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of systems and / or processes using block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples can be implemented, individually and / or jointly, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein can be equivalently implemented, in whole or in part, in an integrated circuit as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware, or virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and / or writing the code for the software and / or firmware would be well within the skill of those in the art in light of this disclosure. Additionally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed in various forms as one or more program products, and that the illustrative forms described herein apply regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually effect such distribution.

[0133] Instructions for programming the logic to perform the various disclosed aspects may be stored in a memory within the system, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage devices. Additionally, the instructions may be distributed via a network or by means of other computer-readable media. Thus, machine-readable media can include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but are not limited to floppy disks, optical disks, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or tangible machine-readable storage devices for transmitting information over the Internet in electrical, optical, acoustic, or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, non-transitory computer-readable media include any type of tangible machine-readable media suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).

[0134] Any software component or functionality described in this application can be implemented as software code executed by a processor using, for example, conventional or object-oriented techniques, in any suitable computer language (e.g., Python, Java, C++, or Perl). The software code can be stored on a computer-readable medium as a series of instructions or commands, such as a RAM, ROM, magnetic medium (e.g., a hard disk or a floppy disk), or optical medium (e.g., a CD-ROM). Any such computer-readable medium can reside on or within a single computing device and can be present on or within different computing devices within a system or network.

[0135] As used in any aspect herein, the term "logic" can refer to an app, software, firmware, and / or circuitry configured to perform any of the foregoing operations. The software can be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction set, and / or data recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The firmware can be embodied as code, instructions, or instruction set and / or data hard-coded (e.g., non-volatile) in a memory device.

[0136] As used in any aspect herein, the terms "component", "system", "module", etc. can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.

[0137] As used in any aspect of this disclosure, "algorithm" refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps that produces a desired result, where "step" refers to the manipulation of physical quantities and / or logical states, which may (but need not) take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transmitted, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. Common usage refers to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, etc. These terms and similar terms may be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities and / or states.

[0138] The network may include a packet-switching network. The communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selected packet-switching network communication protocol. An exemplary communication protocol may include an Ethernet communication protocol, which may be capable of permitting communication using the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP). The Ethernet protocol may conform to or be compatible with the Ethernet standard titled "IEEE 802.3 Standard" published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in December 2008 and / or subsequent versions of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using the X.25 communication protocol. The X.25 communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with the standards promulgated by the International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using the Frame Relay communication protocol. The Frame Relay communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with the standards promulgated by the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and / or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with each other using the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communication protocol. The ATM communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with the ATM standard titled "ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0" published by the ATM Forum in August 2001 and / or subsequent versions of this standard. Of course, different and / or developed connection-oriented network communication protocols are also contemplated herein.

[0139] Unless otherwise clearly specified in the foregoing disclosure, it should be understood that throughout this disclosure, discussions using terms such as "processing", "computing", "operating", "determining", "displaying", etc. refer to the actions and processes of a computer system or similar electronic computing device that manipulates data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the registers and memories of the computer system and transforms it into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories or registers of the computer system or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.

[0140] One or more components may be referred to herein as "configured to", "configurable to", "operable / operating", "suitable / adaptable to", "capable of", "compliant / compliant with", etc. Unless the context otherwise requires, those skilled in the art will recognize that "configured to" generally can encompass active state components and / or inactive state components and / or standby state components.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, the terms used herein, and particularly the terms in the appended claims (e.g., the subject matter of the appended claims) are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "includes" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that if a specific number of the introduced claim recitations is intended, such intent will be expressly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, there is no such intent. For example, for purposes of illustration, the following appended claims may contain the use of introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that any particular claim that introduces a claim recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits the claim to only one such recitation, even when the same claim contains an introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and the indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should generally be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds for the use of the definite article to introduce claim recitations.

[0142] In addition, even if the specific numbers recited in the introduced claim are explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitations should generally be interpreted to mean at least the recited numbers (e.g., a simple recitation of "two recitations" without additional modifiers generally means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Further, in cases where a convention such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally, such a construction is intended to be such that those skilled in the art will understand the meaning of the convention (e.g., a "system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but not be limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In cases where a convention such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, generally, such a construction is intended to be such that those skilled in the art will understand the meaning of the convention (e.g., a "system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include, but not be limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that, generally, unless the context otherwise indicates, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, separate words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms should be understood as contemplating the possibility of including one of the terms, any one of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will generally be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B".

[0143] Regarding the appended claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations recited therein can generally be performed in any order. Moreover, although various operation flowcharts are presented in sequence, it should be understood that the various operations can be performed in other orders different from the shown order, or the various operations can be performed simultaneously. Unless the context otherwise provides, examples of such alternative orderings can include overlapping, interleaving, interrupting, reordering, incrementing, preparatory, supplementary, simultaneous, reversing, or other variant orderings. Further, unless the context otherwise provides, terms such as "responsive to", "associated with", or other past tense adjectives generally are not intended to exclude such variants.

[0144] It should be noted that any reference to "an aspect", "one aspect", "an example", "one example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that aspect are included in at least one aspect. Thus, the phrases "in one aspect", "in one aspect", "in an example", and "in one example" that appear throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same aspect. Further, the specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

[0145] As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents.

[0146] Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other published material cited in this specification and / or listed in any application data sheet is incorporated herein by reference to the extent that the incorporated material is not inconsistent therewith. Thus, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as expressly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material or portion thereof that is said to be incorporated by reference herein but which conflicts with the existing definitions, statements, or other published material set forth herein will be incorporated only to the extent that there is no conflict between the incorporated material and the existing published material. It is not admitted that they are prior art.

[0147] In summary, numerous benefits have been described that result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description has been presented in one or more forms for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the exact forms disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The one or more forms have been selected and described in order to illustrate the principles and practical applications, thereby enabling one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various forms and make various modifications suitable for the particular use contemplated. The claims presented herein are intended to define the general scope.

Claims

1. A method for generating a synthetic finger member, the method comprises: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a three-dimensional (3D) model of a fingerprint based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model; applying a casting material onto the mold; and creating a synthetic finger member, the synthetic finger member including a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

2. The method according to claim 1, which comprises: placing the mold in a vacuum chamber; applying a vacuum to the vacuum chamber; and releasing the vacuum before the casting material cures.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pressure level of the vacuum chamber is selected within the range of 0.2 bar to 0.8 bar.

4. The method according to claim 1, which comprises applying a foam material to the synthetic finger member, wherein the foam material has a predetermined thickness or stiffness or a combination thereof to simulate different pressure levels applied to a fingerprint sensor.

5. The method according to claim 4, which comprises applying a near field communication (NFC) circuit to the foam material.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating the mold employs a 3D printing additive process defined by printing features having a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating the mold employs a subtractive process, the subtractive process comprising at least one of a high-precision laser engraving or laser etching process defined by engraving features having a resolution of 1 micron to 5 microns.

8. The method according to claim 1, which comprises combining at least one of a gelling product, a polymer product or an additive or any combination thereof at a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin, wherein the combination comprises mixing gelatin, glycerol, water, salt and acrylic paint in the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt [0%-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], and making up to 100% of the total mass with distilled water [30%-55%].

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gelling product comprises at least one of gelatin, pectin casein or agar or any combination thereof.

10. The method according to claim 1, which comprises applying a near field communication (NFC) circuit to a substrate or the synthetic finger member.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating the 3D model of the fingerprint comprises creating a displacement map of the ridges, wherein the maximum vertical displacement is selected within the range of 33 microns and 80 microns.

12. The method according to claim 1, which comprises modifying a fingerprint generated based on real fingerprint data to create the fingerprint for creating the mold.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the database has a resolution of at least 500 pixels per inch.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint is one of artificial fingerprints, and the artificial fingerprint is one of a modified human fingerprint or a completely created fingerprint unrelated to human fingerprints.

15. A synthetic finger component, the synthetic finger component comprises: a substrate; a near field communication (NFC) circuit disposed on one side of the substrate; a synthetic finger disposed on the NFC circuit; and a foam material having a predetermined thickness and disposed between the NFC circuit and the synthetic finger, wherein an adhesive is disposed between the substrate and the NFC circuit, between the NFC circuit and the foam material, and between the foam material and the synthetic finger.

16. The synthetic finger component according to claim 15, wherein the synthetic finger comprises a combination of at least one or any combination of a gelling product, a polymer product, or an additive in a predetermined ratio to reflect the properties of human skin, wherein the combination comprises a mixture of gelatin, glycerol, water, salt, and acrylic paint having the following proportions relative to the total mass in grams: glycerol [37%-52%], gelatin [8%-16%], salt [0%-3%], acrylic paint [0-1%], made up to 100% of the total mass with distilled water [30%-55%].

17. The synthetic finger component according to claim 16, wherein the gelling product is at least one or any combination of gelatin, pectin casein, or agar.

18. The synthetic finger component according to claim 15, wherein the synthetic finger comprises a three-dimensional artificial fingerprint.

19. The synthetic finger component according to claim 15, wherein an adhesive is disposed between the substrate and the NFC circuit and between the NFC circuit and the synthetic finger.

20. A method of generating a synthetic finger, the method comprises: receiving fingerprint data from a database; generating a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) models of a plurality of fingerprints based on the fingerprint data; creating a mold based on the 3D model of each of the plurality of fingerprints; creating a mold array by combining each mold of each of the plurality of fingerprints; applying a casting material to the mold array to form a thin sheet of the casting material; and dividing the sheet into individual synthetic fingers, wherein the synthetic finger comprises a fingerprint formed by the mold on the casting material.

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