Electronic equipment and method for secondary user and spectrum management device, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an electronic device and method for a second priority secondary user, a first priority secondary user and a spectrum management device in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, and a computer readable storage medium. The first priority secondary user and the second priority secondary user dynamically utilize spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority is higher than the second priority. The spectrum coordination device is configured to obtain spectrum coordination requests, confirmed by the spectrum management device, of other second-priority secondary users serving as requesters of spectrum resources on the basis of a block chain, and the block chain at least comprises the second-priority secondary users which are using or request to use the spectrum resources and serve as nodes; the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests a second priority secondary user using the spectrum resource to perform coordination so as to provide interference margin for the requester; and executing the first smart contract on the block chain to determine the coordinated content to be executed.

Description

Electronic device, method and storage medium for secondary user and spectrum management device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 7, 2022, with application number 202211383173.7 and invention name “Electronic equipment, methods and storage media for secondary users and spectrum management devices”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of wireless communications, and specifically to dynamic spectrum sharing coordination technology. More specifically, they relate to an electronic device and method, and a computer-readable storage medium for second-priority secondary users, first-priority secondary users, and spectrum management devices in a dynamic spectrum sharing system. Background Art

[0003] With the adoption of 5G technology, network base station deployment has become more dense. Simultaneously, the number of various terminal types, including mobile phones, IoT devices, and wearables, has increased dramatically, driving an increasing demand for spectrum resources, particularly in the sub-6 GHz frequency bands suitable for mobile communications. Due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of services, traditional static spectrum management solutions suffer from low spectrum utilization and waste precious spectrum resources. Therefore, dynamic spectrum sharing technology has been proposed. Secondary users, through spectrum sensing or databases, discover idle spectrum for primary users and use it for transmission, improving spectrum utilization.

[0004] For example, the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is a spectrum allocation model defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States that allows different users to dynamically share up to 150 MHz of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band, which is more cost-effective than traditional exclusive use models. The CBRS system defines three tiers of user spectrum usage rights: Incumbents, Priority Access License (PAL) users, and General Authorized Access (GAA) users.

[0005] Currently, the CBRS system dynamically allocates spectrum through a centralized spectrum access system (SAS). The increasing number of users and the need for all Citizens Broadband Radio Service Devices (CBSDs) in the system to send relevant messages to the SAS have caused tremendous management pressure on the SAS and created a single point of failure problem.

[0006] In addition, the CBRS system introduces a PAL Protection Area (PPA) to ensure that PAL users are not subject to harmful interference during use. Specifically, within the PPA, the aggregate interference experienced by PAL users cannot exceed the interference threshold. Existing technologies have considered allowing GAA users to share PAL user frequency bands to fully utilize the PAL user frequency bands. However, this has not addressed the coordination and handling of PAL user interference thresholds when multiple GAA users within a licensed area use a PAL user frequency band.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] A brief overview of the present disclosure is provided below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the present disclosure. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overview of the present disclosure. It is not intended to identify key or important aspects of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Its purpose is simply to present certain concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description discussed later.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, an electronic device for a second-priority secondary user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, the dynamic spectrum sharing system including a main user, a first-priority secondary user and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the electronic device including: a processing circuit configured to: obtain spectrum coordination requests confirmed by a spectrum management device from other second-priority secondary users who are requesters of spectrum resources based on a blockchain, wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority secondary user who is utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority secondary user who is utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requester; and execute a first smart contract on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for second-priority secondary users in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, the dynamic spectrum sharing system including a main user, a first-priority secondary user and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the method including: obtaining spectrum coordination requests confirmed by a spectrum management device from other second-priority secondary users who are requesters of spectrum resources based on a blockchain, wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority secondary user who is utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority secondary user who is utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; and executing a first smart contract on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed.

[0011] The electronic device and method according to the above aspects of the present application provide corresponding interference margin by coordinating the second-priority users who are utilizing the spectrum resources, so that new second-priority users can successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present application, an electronic device for a first-priority sub-user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, the dynamic spectrum sharing system including a main user, a first-priority sub-user and a second-priority sub-user, the first-priority sub-user and the second-priority sub-user dynamically utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the electronic device including: a processing circuit configured to: receive, from the second-priority sub-user who is a requester of the spectrum resources, the content of coordination to be performed by other second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination, wherein the requester requests other second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; forward the content of coordination to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resources; receive information from other affected first-priority sub-users whether they agree to increase their own interference threshold; and send a response to the requester based on the information.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for a first-priority sub-user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, the dynamic spectrum sharing system including a main user, a first-priority sub-user and a second-priority sub-user, the first-priority sub-user and the second-priority sub-user dynamically utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the method including: receiving, from the second-priority sub-user who is a requester of the spectrum resources, the coordination content to be performed by other second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination, wherein the requester requests other second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; forwarding the coordination content to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resources; receiving information from the other affected first-priority sub-users whether they agree to increase their own interference threshold; and sending a response to the requester based on the information.

[0014] The electronic device and method according to the above aspects of the present application improve the performance of dynamic spectrum sharing by performing interference coordination among multiple first-priority secondary users.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present application, an electronic device for a spectrum management device in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, the dynamic spectrum sharing system including a primary user, a first-priority secondary user and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilize the spectrum resources of the primary user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the electronic device including: a processing circuit configured to: receive information from the second-priority secondary user who is a requester of the spectrum resources indicating that the requester accepts spectrum coordination, through which other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resources coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; and send a spectrum coordination request including confirmation by the spectrum management device to the requester.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for a spectrum management device in a dynamic spectrum sharing system is provided, wherein the dynamic spectrum sharing system includes a main user, a first-priority secondary user and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilize the spectrum resources of the main user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the main user, the first priority is higher than the second priority, the method including: receiving information from the second-priority secondary user who is a requester of the spectrum resources indicating that the requester accepts spectrum coordination, through spectrum coordination, other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resources coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; and sending a spectrum coordination request including confirmation by the spectrum management device to the requester.

[0017] The electronic device and method according to the above aspects of the present application provide corresponding interference margin by coordinating the second-priority users who are utilizing the spectrum resources, so that new second-priority users can successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0018] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, a computer program code and a computer program product for implementing the above method, as well as a computer-readable storage medium having the computer program code for implementing the above method recorded thereon, are also provided.

[0019] The above and other advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to further illustrate the above and other advantages and features of the present disclosure, the following is a further detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings, together with the detailed description below, are included in this specification and form a part of this specification. Elements with the same function and structure are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be understood that these drawings only depict typical examples of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0021] FIG1 shows a schematic scenario of a CBRS system;

[0022] FIG2 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device for a second-priority secondary user according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG3 shows an information flow diagram of the process of requesting GAA request coordination;

[0024] FIG4 shows an information flow diagram of the existing coordination process between GAA and PAL;

[0025] FIG5 shows an information flow diagram of the process of requesting GAA to be authorized to access spectrum;

[0026] FIG6 shows an information flow diagram of trust value update;

[0027] FIG7 shows an information flow diagram of the consensus process of the blockchain;

[0028] FIG8 shows an example of a block generated by a bookkeeping node;

[0029] FIG9 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device for a first-priority secondary user according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG10 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device for a spectrum management apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG11 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device for a spectrum management apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG12 shows a flowchart of a method for a second priority secondary user according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG13 shows a flowchart of a method for a first priority secondary user according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG14 shows a flowchart of a method for a spectrum management apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG15 is a block diagram showing a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology of the present disclosure may be applied;

[0036] FIG16 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology of the present disclosure may be applied;

[0037] FIG17 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a server; and

[0038] FIG18 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a general-purpose personal computer in which the method and / or apparatus and / or system according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. However, it should be understood that in the process of developing any such actual implementation, many implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as meeting those constraints related to the system and business, and these constraints may vary from implementation to implementation. In addition, it should be understood that although the development work may be very complex and time-consuming, it is a routine task for those skilled in the art who benefit from the contents of this disclosure.

[0040] It is also necessary to explain here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure due to unnecessary details, the accompanying drawings only show the device structure and / or processing steps that are closely related to the solution according to the present disclosure, while other details that are not closely related to the present disclosure are omitted.

[0041] <First embodiment>

[0042] As mentioned above, dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) technology has been proposed to improve spectrum utilization. Dynamic spectrum sharing requires consideration of the coexistence of different wireless communication systems using the same or adjacent frequencies, as well as the protection of the primary system (hereinafter referred to as the primary user).

[0043] For example, a dynamic spectrum sharing system may include a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user. The first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilize the spectrum resources of the primary user, and in terms of utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the first priority is higher than the second priority. These terms apply throughout this specification and will not be repeated hereafter. For example, in the CBRS system mentioned above, the primary user is the primary user, the PAL user is the first-priority secondary user, and the GAA user is the second-priority secondary user. The first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user can be, for example, a TDD-LTE, 5G NR system, etc.

[0044] FIG1 shows a schematic scenario diagram of a CBRS system, in which multiple PAL users and multiple GAA users are deployed within a spectrum licensed area indicated by an oval. Multiple GAA users are utilizing spectrum resources, and GAA users are requesting access to spectrum resources. The following description can be understood with reference to the CBRS system and the scenario diagram of FIG1 , but it should be noted that the embodiments of the present application are not limited to application to the CBRS system, but can be applied to any dynamic spectrum sharing system in which secondary users have priority distinctions. Furthermore, the number of priorities is not limited to two levels, but can have more levels.

[0045] Figure 2 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device 100 for a second-priority sub-user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the electronic device 100 includes: an acquisition unit 101, configured to obtain spectrum coordination requests confirmed by a spectrum management device from other second-priority sub-users who are requesters of spectrum resources based on a blockchain, wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority sub-user who is utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, and the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority sub-user who is utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requester; and an execution unit 102, configured to execute a first smart contract on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be executed.

[0046] The acquisition unit 101 and the execution unit 102 may be implemented by one or more processing circuits, such as chips or processors. Furthermore, it should be understood that the various functional units in the electronic device shown in FIG2 are merely logical modules divided according to the specific functions they implement, and are not intended to limit specific implementations.

[0047] The electronic device 100 can be set on the second priority secondary user side, for example, on its base station side or communicatively connected to the base station. It should also be pointed out here that the electronic device 100 can be implemented at the chip level, or it can also be implemented at the device level. For example, the electronic device 100 can work as the base station itself, and can also include external devices such as memory, transceiver (not shown in the figure), etc. The memory can be used to store programs and related data information that need to be executed by the electronic device to implement various functions. The transceiver may include one or more communication interfaces to support communication with different devices (for example, other base stations, user equipment, spectrum management devices, etc.), and the implementation form of the transceiver is not specifically limited here.

[0048] When a first-priority sub-user is already in a licensed authorized area with multiple second-priority sub-users using the same frequency band, the interference to the first-priority sub-user may be close to its interference threshold. At this time, if a new second-priority sub-user (hereinafter also referred to as a requester) requests to use the spectrum resources, it may not be able to access. According to the electronic device 100 of this embodiment, a coordination mechanism is provided to enable the second-priority sub-users that have already accessed to coordinate to provide a corresponding interference margin, so that the requester can successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0049] In this embodiment, a blockchain including second-priority users is established and utilized for coordinated operations, achieving decentralized spectrum management. This blockchain may also include first-priority users, spectrum management devices, and other components, though this is not restrictive. Referring to the example shown in Figure 2, multiple GAA users and GAA-requesting users form a blockchain.

[0050] When other second-priority sub-users who are requesters of spectrum resources have spectrum requirements, they can send spectrum coordination requests to the second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resources (hereinafter also referred to as existing second-priority sub-users) through the blockchain. The spectrum coordination request is confirmed by the spectrum management device and instructs the requester to request the existing second-priority sub-users to coordinate to provide interference margin.

[0051] Specifically, for example, a requester can send a spectrum query request to the spectrum management device, which can then return available frequency bands and coordinated available frequency bands. Available frequency bands are idle spectrum resources available in the current system that do not require coordination and can be directly accessed by the requester. Coordinated available frequency bands are spectrum ranges that can provide a certain interference margin for access by existing second-priority users by reducing their transmit power. For example, these can be regularly notified to the spectrum management device by first-priority users. In the latter case, the requester sends a message to the spectrum management device accepting coordination and receives a spectrum coordination request confirmed by the spectrum management device.

[0052] For example, the spectrum coordination request may include signature information of the spectrum management device for existing second-priority secondary users to verify the authenticity of the spectrum coordination request. In addition, the spectrum coordination request may also include one or more of the requester's requested frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location.

[0053] The requester sends the spectrum coordination request to existing second-priority secondary users, for example, by broadcasting on the blockchain.

[0054] In addition, the spectrum management device can also notify the first-priority secondary user closest to the requester or the first-priority secondary user that may be most interfered with that a new second-priority secondary user may be added to its frequency band. For example, in the CBRS system, the SAS, as the spectrum management device, performs this notification through a heartbeat response.

[0055] After the acquisition unit 101 receives the spectrum coordination request, the execution unit 102 executes a first smart contract on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed, that is, how to perform the coordination to provide interference margin for the requester. Here, all existing second-priority secondary users execute the first smart contract. Through the execution of this first smart contract, the second-priority secondary users willing to participate in the coordination and their transmit power reductions are collected. The second-priority secondary users who will ultimately participate in the coordination and the specific implementation method of the coordination are determined, for example, based on predetermined rules.

[0056] For example, the coordination content may include one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

[0057] After executing the first smart contract, the requester also obtains the coordination details through the blockchain. In the first example, the requester sends a grant request containing the coordination details to the spectrum management device. The spectrum management device uses the data it has to determine the feasibility of the grant request. If the coordination details are feasible, the spectrum management device returns a grant success response to the requester. Otherwise, it sends a grant failure response to the requester.

[0058] If authorization is successful, the requester can notify the existing second-priority secondary users or the existing second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination of the successful authorization response via the blockchain. The execution unit 102 of the electronic device 100 is configured to execute a second smart contract in response to the successful authorization response, causing the second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination to reduce their transmit power according to the coordination details, i.e., to provide the requester with the interference margin as intended. In this way, the requester can successfully access the frequency band using the interference margin provided by the coordination.

[0059] In addition, the execution unit 102 is further configured to execute the second smart contract to calculate the coordination factor value of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, so as to evaluate the contribution of the corresponding second-priority secondary user to the interference margin.

[0060] For example, the following describes how to calculate the coordination factor value η of the i-th second priority secondary user: i However, it should be understood that the calculation method of the coordination factor value is not limited to this, as long as the contribution of the second priority secondary user to the interference margin can be evaluated.

[0061] Among them, η i It's about M i 、F i An increasing function of M. i F represents the interference margin contribution of the second priority user i in this coordination process, i represents the coordination activity of the i-th second-priority user in a certain time period, such as a time period of a predetermined length or a time period from a specific moment to the current time period, and γ represents the activity influence coefficient.

[0062] For example, M i and F i They can be calculated as follows:

[0063] Among them, P reduce is the transmit power reduced by the second priority user in this coordination process, P current is the current transmit power of the second priority user, P min It is the minimum power required by the second priority user to ensure normal operation. i =ω1*F i1 +ω2*F i2 (3)

[0064] Among them, F i1 is [T0,T current ] the number of times the second priority user participates in coordination, F i2Yes [2T0-T current ,T0], T0 is a certain moment, T current is the current moment; ω1, ω2 correspond to different weight coefficients, satisfying ω1+ω2=1, ω1>ω2.

[0065] The coordination factor reflects the level of coordination activity and interference margin contributed by the corresponding second-priority secondary user over a certain period of time. Therefore, it can be used as a factor in the overall contribution of the second-priority secondary user. The overall contribution will be used to determine the billing node in the billing process described later.

[0066] Furthermore, when executing the first smart contract, the execution unit 102 may determine the second-priority sub-users who will participate in the coordination based on the trust values ​​of the second-priority sub-users who agree to participate in the coordination. For example, the second-priority sub-users may be ranked according to their trust values, and one or more second-priority sub-users ranked at the top may be selected to perform the coordination.

[0067] The trust value is determined based on the corresponding second-priority secondary user's activeness in participating in coordination and / or the frequency of illegal behavior. The higher the second-priority secondary user's activeness in participating in coordination and the lower the frequency of illegal behavior, the higher the trust value.

[0068] The violations mentioned here include, for example, the following behaviors: the second-priority user confirmed to participate in the coordination does not reduce the transmission power according to the determined coordination content, or the second-priority user as the requester does not access the spectrum resources according to the requested transmission power, etc.

[0069] The trust value of each second-priority secondary user changes with the user's behavior. Therefore, for example, the execution unit 102 can also be configured to execute a third smart contract on the blockchain to update the trust value.

[0070] For example, a specific method for updating the trust value is given below. It should be understood that this is not restrictive. As shown in the following formula (4), t i (n) is the trust value of the i-th second-priority secondary user when performing n coordinations.

[0071] Among them, the initial trust value of the second priority user is t i (0) = t0, α is the attenuation coefficient. When the second-priority user does not participate in the coordination, the trust value will be slightly attenuated, which is used to encourage the second-priority user to actively participate in the coordination. β is the attenuation coefficient of the violating user's trust value. When the second-priority user participates in the coordination but violates the rules, the trust value will be greatly lost. Δti is the trust value increment when the coordination is successfully participated in and there is no violation. Where β and α can be values ​​less than 1 and greater than 0, and β<α.

[0072] For example, the spectrum management device can determine whether the second-priority sub-user has violated the rules. Specifically, when there is a second-priority sub-user who has violated the rules, there may be a first-priority sub-user who has been interfered with beyond its interference threshold. The first-priority sub-user will inform the spectrum management device of this situation. The spectrum management device determines the second-priority sub-user who has violated the rules and caused harmful interference to the first-priority sub-user based on the operating parameters of the currently connected second-priority sub-user, such as the currently used frequency band, transmission power, and geographical location, and sends a list of the second-priority sub-users to the second-priority sub-users in the blockchain. It should be understood that although an example of the spectrum management device determining a violation in response to a report from a first-priority sub-user is given here, this is not restrictive. For example, alternatively / additionally, the spectrum management device may also periodically check whether a violation has occurred.

[0073] Accordingly, the acquisition unit 101 may receive a list of second-priority secondary users who have committed illegal behaviors from the spectrum management device, and the execution unit 102 executes the third smart contract in response to the reception to update the trust value.

[0074] As mentioned above, when executing the first smart contract to select second-priority users to participate in coordination, the execution unit 102 gives priority to second-priority users with high trust values, which can increase the probability of successful coordination and improve the robustness of the system.

[0075] The second example is described below. This differs from the first example in that coordination also considers the impact on other first-priority secondary users within the same spectrum license area, in addition to the first-priority secondary user closest to the requester (or the first-priority secondary user likely to be most affected by interference). In other words, the second example also coordinates among multiple first-priority secondary users, further improving the coordination process and enhancing the performance of the dynamic spectrum sharing system.

[0076] In the second example, the requester also sends the coordination details determined through the execution of the first smart contract to the nearest first-priority sub-user, which then forwards the information to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resources. The nearest first-priority sub-user receives information from the affected first-priority sub-users regarding whether they agree to increase their own interference threshold and forwards the information to the requester. The requester also includes the information regarding the affected first-priority sub-users' agreement to increase their own threshold in the authorization request and provides it to the spectrum management device.

[0077] Specifically, the other first-priority users who receive the coordination content determine whether the aggregated interference generated by the requester's joining exceeds their own interference threshold, that is, whether they are affected, based on the coordination content. If it exceeds their own interference threshold, the other first-priority users can choose to increase their own interference threshold for coordination to allow the requester to access, and at this time, return information on agreeing to increase their own threshold to the first-priority users closest to them. The information may also include information on the amount of the threshold agreed to be increased. On the other hand, if the affected other first-priority users do not agree to increase their own threshold, they may also return information indicating disagreement with increasing their own threshold or not return information.

[0078] To encourage affected first-priority sub-users to participate in coordination, some incentives can be implemented. For example, if an affected first-priority sub-user agrees to participate in coordination, a flag is assigned to the affected first-priority sub-user, indicating that compensation will be increased for the affected first-priority sub-user in the next coordination process. The flag is then removed after the affected first-priority sub-user receives compensation.

[0079] In this example, the authorization request sent to the spectrum management device includes the coordination content of the existing second-priority sub-users and the information that the affected first-priority sub-users agree to increase their own interference thresholds. The spectrum management device determines whether the authorization request including these two is feasible based on the data it has. The subsequent process is the same as in the first example. If the authorization request is judged to be feasible, the spectrum management device sends an authorization success response to the requester. In addition, the authorization success response is provided to the existing second-priority sub-users through the blockchain, so that the second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination reduce their transmission power and allow the requester to access. In addition, the spectrum management device can also notify the affected first-priority sub-users to allow them to increase their own interference thresholds.

[0080] In the above description, the second-priority secondary user corresponding to electronic device 100 is used as an example to represent an existing second-priority secondary user. This is not restrictive; electronic device 100 may also represent a second-priority secondary user acting as a requester. In this case, electronic device 100 may perform the operations described above as a requester, such as requesting spectrum resources and requesting coordination. After successfully accessing spectrum resources, it may also perform the various operations described above for coordination involving an existing second-priority secondary user.

[0081] For example, if electronic device 100 corresponds to the requester, electronic device 100 may include processing circuitry configured to send a spectrum coordination request, confirmed by the spectrum management device, to an existing second-priority secondary user based on the blockchain; and include the coordination details determined through the execution of the first smart contract in an authorization request, which is then sent to the spectrum management device. The processing circuitry may also receive a successful authorization response from the spectrum management device regarding the authorization request and send it to the existing second-priority secondary user via the blockchain. Furthermore, as previously described, the authorization request may also include information indicating that the affected first-priority secondary user agrees to increase their threshold. The relevant details have been provided above and will not be repeated here.

[0082] In summary, the electronic device 100 according to this embodiment provides interference margin by enabling coordination with second-priority users currently utilizing spectrum resources, enabling new second-priority users to successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing. Furthermore, by organizing second-priority users into a blockchain and performing coordination operations based on the blockchain, decentralized spectrum management is achieved. Furthermore, interference coordination between multiple first-priority users can be further improved, thereby enhancing the performance of the dynamic spectrum sharing system.

[0083] For ease of understanding, the following provides an example of the information flow of the coordination process described above, taking the CBRS system scenario shown in Figure 2 as an example, with reference to Figures 3 to 6. It should be understood that this is not restrictive.

[0084] Figure 3 shows an information flow diagram of the process of requesting coordination from a GAA. First, in step S1 (not shown), a blockchain consisting of multiple GAA nodes is established within the license authorization area. This blockchain includes existing GAAs (already connected GAAs) and requesting GAAs. In step S2, the requesting GAA sends a spectrum query request to the SAS. In step S3, the SAS may return available frequency bands and / or coordinated available frequency bands to the requesting GAA. Figure 3 illustrates the return of coordinated available frequency bands. In step S4, the requesting GAA may send a message to the SAS indicating acceptance of coordination. In step S5, the SAS returns a spectrum coordination request with signature information to the requesting GAA. The signature information indicates that the spectrum coordination request has been verified as authentic by the SAS. The spectrum coordination request also includes information such as the requested frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location of the requesting GAA. Specifically, for example, the SAS possesses a certificate, and all GAA users within the dynamic spectrum sharing system possess the public key of the SAS's asymmetric key pair. The SAS signs the message using its private key and returns the signed message to the requesting GAA. After receiving the signature information, the existing GAA user uses the public key provided by the SAS to decrypt it to confirm the authenticity of the received spectrum coordination request.

[0085] Simultaneously with step S5, in step S6, the SAS also notifies the nearest PAL (PAL1) user via a heartbeat response that a new GAA user may be added to its frequency band. In step S7, the GAA is requested to broadcast a spectrum coordination request to the existing GAA via blockchain, requesting it to provide interference margin.

[0086] Figure 4 shows an information flow diagram of the coordination process between existing GAAs and PALs. In step S8, the existing GAA that receives the spectrum coordination request executes a first smart contract on the blockchain to collect GAA users that agree to participate in the coordination and their transmit power reductions. Based on the GAA users' trust values, the GAA users' identities and specific coordination implementation methods, such as the required interference margin, transmit power, and geographic location, are determined. These details are collectively referred to as the coordination content. After step S8, the requesting GAA also obtains the coordination content and, in step S9, sends it to PAL 1. PAL 1 forwards it to other PALs in step S10. In step S11, the other PALs determine whether the GAA's participation will impact them. For example, whether the aggregate interference generated by the GAA's participation will exceed their own interference thresholds. If the GAA's participation does cause the aggregate interference to exceed their own interference thresholds, the other PALs determine whether to agree to coordinate the GAA's access by raising their own interference thresholds. In step S12, the affected PAL sends information on whether it agrees to increase the self-interference threshold to PAL 1. In this example, it is assumed that the affected PAL agrees to increase the self-interference threshold. In step S13, PAL 1 forwards the information to the requesting GAA.

[0087] Figure 5 shows an information flow diagram of the process for requesting GAA spectrum access authorization. In step S14, the requesting GAA sends an authorization request to the SAS. The authorization request includes the details of the GAA coordination and the affected PAL's agreement to increase its own interference threshold. In step S15, the SAS uses its available data to determine the feasibility of the coordination in the authorization request. Based on the determination, in step S16, the SAS sends a successful authorization response or a failed authorization response to the requesting GAA. In this example, it is assumed that coordination is feasible, so the SAS sends a successful authorization response to the requesting GAA. Upon receiving the successful authorization response, the requesting GAA notifies the existing GAAs, which then execute a second smart contract on the blockchain in step S17. Through the execution of the second smart contract, the participating GAAs reduce their transmit power according to the coordinated details to provide interference margin, thus granting the requesting GAA access. During operation, the requesting GAA periodically sends heartbeat requests to the SAS (step S18), and the SAS returns a heartbeat response to the requesting GAA (step S19). Furthermore, when executing the second smart contract in step S17, the coordination factor of the GAA user is calculated to assess the contribution of the corresponding GAA user to the interference margin. The example of calculating the coordination factor value is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0088] Figure 6 shows an information flow diagram for trust value updates. Due to violations such as GAA users participating in the coordination failing to reduce transmit power as expected or requesting GAA access failing to transmit at the expected power, one or more PAL users are experiencing interference exceeding their own interference thresholds. In step S20, these PAL users report harmful interference to the SAS. In step S21, the SAS identifies the offending GAAs causing harmful interference to the PALs based on the operating parameters of the currently operating GAA users, such as their current frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location. In step S21, the SAS sends a list of offending GAAs to the GAA users on the blockchain. Optionally, step S21' may also be included: sending the list of offending GAAs to PAL 1. After receiving the list of offending GAAs, a third smart contract is executed on the blockchain in step S22 to update the trust value. The example of trust value calculation is described above and will not be repeated here.

[0089] <Second embodiment>

[0090] In this embodiment, a technology is provided to accelerate the consensus process of a blockchain. For example, the execution unit 102 is further configured to determine a second-priority user on the blockchain as a bookkeeping node based on the overall contribution of each second-priority user during the coordination process. This bookkeeping node generates blocks. For example, second-priority users with high overall contribution are preferentially selected as bookkeeping nodes.

[0091] As an example, the comprehensive contribution may include a coordination factor value and a trust value. As previously described, the coordination factor value indicates the contribution of the corresponding second-priority secondary user to the interference margin, and the trust value indicates the corresponding second-priority secondary user's active participation in coordination and / or the frequency of violations. Second-priority secondary users with higher coordination factor values ​​and trust values ​​are considered to have higher comprehensive contributions.

[0092] For example, the execution unit 102 may classify each second-priority secondary user into a first level and a second level based on their comprehensive contribution, and preferentially determine second-priority secondary users in the first level as billing nodes, wherein the comprehensive contribution of second-priority secondary users in the first level is higher than the comprehensive contribution of second-priority secondary users in the second level. In this way, second-priority secondary users with higher comprehensive contributions can be preferentially selected as billing nodes while ensuring fairness.

[0093] The identified accounting node, for example, packages the coordination content, updated coordination factor values, and trust values ​​performed within a certain time period to generate a block. In other words, a block can include the specific details of spectrum coordination and the comprehensive contribution of each second-priority secondary user during the coordination process. Spectrum coordination details include information on the interference margin provided by participating second-priority secondary users by reducing their own transmit power, the time when the coordination process ended, and so on.

[0094] After generating a block, the accounting node broadcasts the block on the blockchain. Other second-priority users on the blockchain verify the block and store the data in the block locally after verification.

[0095] According to the electronic device 100 of this embodiment, by determining the accounting node according to the comprehensive contribution, the consensus process of the blockchain is accelerated, the latency of the blockchain is reduced, and the efficiency of the dynamic spectrum sharing system is improved.

[0096] For ease of understanding, an example of the information flow of the consensus process is given below with reference to FIG7 , using the CBRS system scenario shown in FIG2 as an example. It should be understood that this is not restrictive.

[0097] Note that for clarity, the accounting GAA serving as the accounting node is shown separately in FIG7 . This accounting GAA can be one of the existing GAAs or the requesting GAA. In step S24 , the consensus algorithm described above is executed, i.e., the accounting GAA is determined as the accounting node based on the comprehensive contribution. For example, this accounting GAA can be a random GAA among the GAAs with a comprehensive sharing degree at the first level. In step S25 , the accounting GAA generates a block based on the content of the coordination performed within a certain time period, the updated coordination factor value, and the trust value. In step S26 , the accounting GAA broadcasts the generated block on the blockchain so that other GAAs can obtain and verify the new block.

[0098] Figure 8 shows an example of a block generated by a ledger node. Each block includes a block header and a block body. The block header includes a version number, timestamp, previous block hash, nonce, and Mekle root. For example, the k+1th block is linked to the previous block via the previous block hash in the block header. The block body includes the specific content of the coordination request initiated by the GAA within a certain time period, the updated coordination factor value (η) and trust value (t) of all GAAs. It should be understood that Figure 8 is only an example of a blockchain and is not restrictive.

[0099] <Third embodiment>

[0100] Figure 9 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device 200 for a first-priority sub-user according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 9, the electronic device 200 includes: a receiving unit 201, configured to receive the coordination content to be performed by other second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination from a second-priority sub-user who is a requester of spectrum resources, wherein the requester requests other second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; and a sending unit 202, configured to forward the coordination content to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resources, wherein the receiving unit 201 also receives information from the affected first-priority sub-users whether they agree to increase their own interference threshold, and the sending unit 202 sends a response to the requester based on the information.

[0101] The receiving unit 201 and the sending unit 202 may be implemented by one or more processing circuits, which may be implemented as chips or processors, for example. Furthermore, it should be understood that the various functional units in the electronic device shown in FIG9 are merely logical modules divided according to the specific functions they implement, and are not intended to limit specific implementation methods.

[0102] The electronic device 200 can be set on the first priority user side, for example, on its base station side or communicatively connected to the base station. It should also be pointed out here that the electronic device 200 can be implemented at the chip level, or it can also be implemented at the device level. For example, the electronic device 200 can work as the base station itself, and can also include external devices such as memory, transceiver (not shown in the figure), etc. The memory can be used to store programs and related data information that need to be executed by the electronic device to implement various functions. The transceiver may include one or more communication interfaces to support communication with different devices (for example, other base stations, user equipment, spectrum management devices, etc.), and the implementation form of the transceiver is not specifically limited here.

[0103] In this embodiment, the first-priority secondary user corresponding to the electronic device 200 is, for example, the first-priority secondary user closest to the requester or the first-priority secondary user that may be subject to the greatest interference. In the CBRS system scenario shown in FIG2 , the first-priority secondary user corresponding to the electronic device 200 is, for example, PAL 1.

[0104] The content of the coordination may include, for example, one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

[0105] Other first-priority secondary users, for example, determine, based on the coordination details, whether the aggregated interference generated by the requester's access exceeds their own interference thresholds. If so, the requester's access will impact the corresponding first-priority secondary users. At this point, the first-priority secondary user must decide whether to raise its own interference threshold to allow the requester access and notify the corresponding first-priority secondary user of electronic device 200 of the decision.

[0106] To encourage affected first-priority sub-users to participate in coordination, some incentives can be implemented. For example, if an affected first-priority sub-user agrees to participate in coordination, a flag is assigned to the affected first-priority sub-user, indicating that compensation will be increased for the affected first-priority sub-user in the next coordination process. The flag is then removed after the affected first-priority sub-user receives compensation.

[0107] In the example of the CBRS system scenario, an example of the relevant information flow can be referred to, for example, FIG4 . The relevant details have been given in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0108] In summary, the electronic device 100 according to this embodiment improves the performance of dynamic spectrum sharing by performing interference coordination among multiple first-priority secondary users.

[0109] <Fourth embodiment>

[0110] Figure 10 shows a functional module block diagram of an electronic device 300 for a spectrum management device according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 10, the electronic device 300 includes: a receiving unit 301, configured to receive information from a second-priority sub-user who is a requester of spectrum resources, indicating that the requester accepts spectrum coordination, through which other second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resources are coordinated to provide interference margin for the requester; and a sending unit 302, configured to send a spectrum coordination request confirmed by the spectrum management device to the requester.

[0111] The receiving unit 301 and the sending unit 302 may be implemented by one or more processing circuits, which may be implemented as chips or processors, for example. Furthermore, it should be understood that the various functional units in the electronic device shown in FIG10 are merely logical modules divided according to the specific functions they implement, and are not intended to limit specific implementation methods.

[0112] Electronic device 300 may, for example, be located on the side of a spectrum management device or communicatively connected to the spectrum management device. The spectrum management device may be located on the side of a base station, such as implemented by a macro base station or a small base station, or located in a core network, such as implemented by the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or 5G Core (5GC) under the LTE protocol. It may also be implemented independently of the wireless network by a third-party entity and connected to the wireless network through the wireless network's network operation and management (OAM) unit.

[0113] It should also be noted that electronic device 300 can be implemented at the chip level or at the device level. For example, electronic device 300 can function as a spectrum management device itself and may also include external devices such as a memory and a transceiver (not shown). The memory can be used to store programs and related data required for the electronic device to implement various functions. The transceiver may include one or more communication interfaces to support communication with different devices (e.g., other spectrum management devices, base stations, etc.). The implementation of the transceiver is not specifically limited here.

[0114] As mentioned above, when the second-priority sub-user as the requester requests to use the spectrum resources, there may be no idle spectrum resources for the requester to access directly, but only coordinated available resources, that is, the spectrum resources of the current first-priority sub-user are already being used by multiple second-priority sub-users, and the transmission power of these second-priority sub-users (that is, existing second-priority sub-users) can be reduced to provide a certain interference margin for the requester to access the spectrum resources.

[0115] In this case, the spectrum management device receives information from the requester that the requester accepts spectrum coordination, and sends a confirmed spectrum coordination request to the requester, so that the requester can use the spectrum coordination request to request the existing second-priority secondary users to participate in coordination.

[0116] For example, the spectrum coordination request includes signature information from the spectrum management device, allowing existing second-priority secondary users to verify the authenticity of the spectrum coordination request. Furthermore, the spectrum coordination request may also include one or more of the requester's requested frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location. For an example of the relevant information flow in the context of a CBRS system, see, for example, Figure 3. The relevant details have been provided in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0117] As described in the first embodiment, second-priority users form a blockchain. By executing the first smart contract on this blockchain, the coordination content to be performed by existing second-priority users can be determined. Furthermore, the requester can send the coordination content to the nearest first-priority user, who can then forward it to other first-priority users. Based on the coordination content, other first-priority users will determine whether the aggregated interference generated by the requester's access will exceed their own interference thresholds. If so, they will determine whether to agree to raise their own interference thresholds to allow the requester access. In other words, interference coordination can also be performed among multiple first-priority users.

[0118] The requester generates an authorization request based on the coordination details and whether the affected first-priority secondary users agree to increase their own interference thresholds, and sends the request to the spectrum management device. The receiving unit 301 is further configured to receive the authorization request from the requester, which includes the details of the coordination to be performed and information that the affected first-priority secondary users agree to increase their own interference thresholds. Alternatively, the authorization request may include only the details of the coordination to be performed. For example, the coordination details may include one or more of the following: the identity of the second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination, the interference margin to be provided, the transmit power, and the geographic location.

[0119] Figure 11 shows a functional module block diagram of another example of an electronic device 300. Compared to Figure 10, this example electronic device 300 further includes a judgment unit 303 configured to determine the feasibility of the authorization request. The sending unit 302 is configured to send an authorization success response to the requestor if the authorization request is feasible, and to send an authorization failure response to the requestor if the authorization request is not feasible. Furthermore, the judgment unit 303 may also send a notification to the affected first-priority secondary users who agree to increase their own interference thresholds, allowing them to increase their own interference thresholds. To encourage the participation of first-priority secondary users in spectrum coordination, some incentives may also be implemented. For example, the judgment unit 303 may mark first-priority secondary users who are affected by the requestor's participation but agree to increase their own interference thresholds. This mark indicates that compensation will be increased for the corresponding first-priority secondary users in the next coordination process. Furthermore, the judgment unit 303 may be configured to remove the mark from the marked first-priority secondary users after they receive the compensation.

[0120] When the requester receives a successful authorization response, it indicates that the spectrum management device allows coordination in accordance with the coordination method in the authorization request. A second smart contract is executed on the blockchain so that the second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination reduce their transmission power according to the coordination content to increase the interference margin. At the same time, the affected first-priority secondary users (if any) increase their own interference threshold to allow the requester to access. The second smart contract can also calculate the coordination factor value of the second-priority secondary user, which can affect the probability of the second-priority secondary user being determined as a bookkeeping node during the blockchain consensus process.

[0121] In the example of the CBRS system scenario, an example of the relevant information flow can be referred to, for example, FIG5 . The relevant details have been given in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0122] After the requester accesses the spectrum resources through the above-mentioned coordination process, there may be violations, such as the second-priority sub-user confirmed to participate in the coordination does not reduce the transmission power according to the determined coordination content, or the second-priority sub-user as the requester does not access the spectrum resources according to the requested transmission power. These violations may cause the first-priority sub-user to suffer harmful interference, that is, the interference exceeds its own interference threshold. The receiving unit 301 can also be configured to receive notifications from these first-priority sub-users, and the judgment unit 303 is configured to determine the second-priority sub-user who has violated the rules and caused harmful interference to the first-priority sub-user based on the operating parameters of the currently working second-priority sub-user.

[0123] The sending unit 302 can be configured to send the identifier of the second-priority secondary user who has committed the illegal behavior to the first-priority secondary user whose interference exceeds its own interference threshold and / or the blockchain composed of second-priority secondary users. As described in the first embodiment, a third smart contract can be executed on the blockchain to update the trust value of each second-priority secondary user. This trust value can affect the probability that the second-priority secondary user will be ultimately determined as a participating user when attempting to participate in coordination, and will be determined as a bookkeeping node during the blockchain consensus process.

[0124] In the example of the CBRS system scenario, an example of the relevant information flow can be referred to, for example, FIG6 . The relevant details have been given in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0125] In summary, electronic device 300 according to this embodiment provides a corresponding interference margin by allowing second-priority users currently utilizing spectrum resources to coordinate, enabling new second-priority users to successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing. Furthermore, interference coordination between multiple first-priority users can further improve the coordination process and enhance the performance of the dynamic spectrum sharing system.

[0126] <Fifth embodiment>

[0127] In the process of describing various electronic devices in the above embodiments, it is obvious that some processes or methods are also disclosed. Below, an overview of these methods is given without repeating some of the details discussed above, but it should be noted that although these methods are disclosed in the process of describing electronic devices, these methods do not necessarily use the components described or are not necessarily performed by those components. For example, the embodiments of the electronic device can be partially or completely implemented using hardware and / or firmware, and the various methods discussed below can be completely implemented by computer-executable programs, although these methods can also use the hardware and / or firmware of the aforementioned electronic devices.

[0128] Figure 12 shows a flowchart of a method for a second-priority secondary user according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 12, the method includes: obtaining a spectrum coordination request confirmed by a spectrum management device from other second-priority secondary users who are requesters of spectrum resources based on a blockchain (S11), wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority secondary user who is utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, and the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority secondary user who is utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requester; and executing a first smart contract on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed (S12). This method can be executed on the second-priority secondary user side, for example.

[0129] For example, the coordination content may include one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

[0130] The spectrum coordination request may include signature information of the spectrum management device, and the spectrum coordination request may also include one or more of the requested frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location of the requester.

[0131] In one example, as shown in the dashed box in FIG12 , the method further includes the following steps: the requester sends an authorization request containing at least coordination details to the spectrum management device ( S14 ); receives a successful authorization response from the spectrum management device ( S15 ); and, in response to the successful authorization response, executes a second smart contract on the blockchain to cause the second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination to reduce their transmit power based on the coordination details ( S16 ). Furthermore, when executing the second smart contract, a coordination factor value for each second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination may be calculated to assess the contribution of the corresponding second-priority secondary user to the interference margin.

[0132] In one example, as shown in another dotted box in FIG12 , the method further includes the following step: receiving information from the affected first-priority sub-user that agrees to increase its own interference threshold (S13). Specifically, for example, the requester sends the coordination content to the nearest first-priority sub-user, which forwards it to other first-priority sub-users utilizing spectrum resources. The nearest first-priority sub-user receives information from the affected first-priority sub-user on whether to agree to increase its own interference threshold and forwards it to the requester. In this case, the generated authorization request also includes information from the affected first-priority sub-user that agrees to increase its own interference threshold.

[0133] Exemplarily, step S12 includes executing the first smart contract to determine the second-priority sub-users who will participate in the coordination based on the trust value of the second-priority sub-users who agree to participate in the coordination. The trust value may be determined based on the level of activeness of the second-priority sub-users in participating in the coordination and / or the frequency of violations.

[0134] Although not shown in the figure, the above method may further include the following step: executing a third smart contract on the blockchain to update the trust value. For example, a list of second-priority secondary users who have committed violations may be received from the spectrum management device, and the third smart contract may be executed in response to the receipt.

[0135] In addition, although not shown in the figure, the above method may also include: determining a second-priority sub-user as a bookkeeping node on the blockchain based on the comprehensive contribution of each second-priority sub-user during the coordination process, and the bookkeeping node generating a block. For example, the block includes the specific content of the spectrum coordination and the comprehensive contribution of each second-priority sub-user during the coordination process. The comprehensive contribution may include, for example, a coordination factor value and a trust value. The coordination factor value indicates the contribution of the corresponding second-priority sub-user to the interference margin, and the trust value indicates the degree of active participation of the corresponding second-priority sub-user in coordination and / or the frequency of violations.

[0136] The specific content of the spectrum coordination includes, for example: information on the interference margin provided by the second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination by reducing their own transmit power, and the time point when the coordination process ends.

[0137] As an example, the second-priority sub-users can be divided into the first level and the second level according to their comprehensive contribution, and the second-priority sub-users in the first level can be preferentially determined as accounting nodes, wherein the comprehensive contribution of the second-priority sub-users in the first level is higher than the comprehensive contribution of the second-priority sub-users in the second level.

[0138] Similarly, in this embodiment, the dynamic spectrum sharing system may be a CBRS system, the primary user is a primary user, the first priority secondary user is a PAL user, and the second priority secondary user is a GAA user.

[0139] The above method corresponds to the electronic device 100 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. For specific details, please refer to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0140] Figure 13 shows a flowchart of a method for a first-priority sub-user according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the method includes: receiving the content of coordination to be performed by other second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination from the second-priority sub-user who is the requester of the spectrum resource (S21), wherein the requester requests other second-priority sub-users who are utilizing the spectrum resource to coordinate to provide interference margin for the requester; forwarding the content of the coordination to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resource (S22); receiving information from the other affected first-priority sub-users on whether to agree to increase their own interference threshold (S23); and sending a response to the requester based on the information (S24). This method can be performed, for example, on the first-priority sub-user side.

[0141] For example, the coordination content includes one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

[0142] Other first-priority secondary users may determine whether the aggregate interference generated by the requester's joining exceeds their own interference thresholds based on the coordination content.

[0143] The above method corresponds to the electronic device 200 in the third embodiment. For specific details, please refer to the third embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0144] Figure 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method for a first-priority secondary user according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14 , the method includes: receiving information from a second-priority secondary user, a requestor of spectrum resources, indicating that the requestor accepts spectrum coordination (S31); coordinating with other second-priority secondary users currently utilizing the spectrum resources through spectrum coordination to provide an interference margin for the requestor; and sending a spectrum coordination request, including a confirmation from a spectrum management device, to the requestor (S32). This method can, for example, be performed on the spectrum management device.

[0145] For example, the spectrum coordination request includes signature information of the spectrum management device, and the spectrum coordination request also includes one or more of the requested frequency band, transmit power, and geographic location of the requester.

[0146] As shown in the dashed box in FIG14 , the method may further include step S33: receiving an authorization request from a requester (S33), the authorization request including at least details of coordination to be performed by the second-priority secondary user utilizing the spectrum resources. The coordination details may include, for example, one or more of an identifier of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, transmit power, and a geographic location.

[0147] In one example, the authorization request further includes information that the affected first-priority secondary users who are affected by the requester's joining agree to increase their own interference thresholds.

[0148] Although not shown, the method may further include the steps of: marking the affected first-priority secondary users; and canceling the marking of the marked first-priority secondary users after they are compensated.

[0149] As shown in another dotted box in Figure 14, the above method may also include step S34: judging the feasibility of the authorization request, and sending an authorization success response to the requester if the authorization request is feasible, and sending an authorization failure response to the requester if the authorization request is not feasible.

[0150] Furthermore, although not shown in the figure, the above method may further include: receiving a notification from a first-priority sub-user experiencing interference exceeding its own interference threshold, and determining, based on operating parameters of a currently operating second-priority sub-user, a second-priority sub-user that has engaged in an illegal behavior and caused harmful interference to the first-priority sub-user. The above method may further include: transmitting an identifier of the second-priority sub-user that has engaged in an illegal behavior to the first-priority sub-user experiencing interference exceeding its own interference threshold and / or a blockchain comprised of second-priority sub-users.

[0151] The above method corresponds to the electronic device 300 in the fourth embodiment. The specific details can be referred to the fourth embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0152] Note that the above methods can be used in combination or individually.

[0153] The technology of the present disclosure can be applied to various products.

[0154] For example, the electronic devices 100 and 200 can be implemented as various base stations. The base station can be implemented as any type of evolved Node B (eNB) or gNB (5G base station). eNBs include, for example, macro eNBs and small eNBs. Small eNBs can be eNBs that cover cells smaller than macro cells, such as pico eNBs, micro eNBs, and home (femto) eNBs. Similar situations can also apply to gNBs. Alternatively, the base station can be implemented as any other type of base station, such as a NodeB and a base transceiver station (BTS). The base station may include: a main body (also referred to as a base station device) configured to control wireless communications; and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs) located at a different location from the main body. In addition, various types of user equipment can operate as a base station by temporarily or semi-permanently performing base station functions.

[0155] For example, the electronic device 300 can be implemented as any type of server, such as a tower server, a rack server, and a blade server. The electronic device 300 can be a control module installed on the server (such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip, and a card or blade inserted into a slot of a blade server).

[0156] [Application examples for base stations]

[0157] (First application example)

[0158] FIG15 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the techniques of this disclosure can be applied. Note that the following description uses an eNB as an example, but is equally applicable to a gNB. An eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810 and a base station device 820. The base station device 820 and each antenna 810 can be connected to each other via an RF cable.

[0159] Each of the antennas 810 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna) and is used for base station device 820 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in FIG15 , eNB 800 may include multiple antennas 810. For example, multiple antennas 810 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 800. Although FIG15 shows an example in which eNB 800 includes multiple antennas 810, eNB 800 may also include a single antenna 810.

[0160] The base station device 820 includes a controller 821 , a memory 822 , a network interface 823 , and a wireless communication interface 825 .

[0161] The controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operates various functions of the higher layers of the base station device 820. For example, the controller 821 generates data packets based on the data in the signal processed by the wireless communication interface 825, and transmits the generated packets via the network interface 823. The controller 821 may bundle data from multiple baseband processors to generate bundled packets, and transmit the generated bundled packets. The controller 821 may have logic functions for performing the following controls: the control may be radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control, and scheduling. The control may be performed in conjunction with a nearby eNB or core network node. The memory 822 includes RAM and ROM, and stores programs executed by the controller 821 and various types of control data (such as a terminal list, transmission power data, and scheduling data).

[0162] The network interface 823 is a communication interface for connecting the base station device 820 to the core network 824. The controller 821 can communicate with the core network node or another eNB via the network interface 823. In this case, the eNB 800 and the core network node or other eNBs can be connected to each other through a logical interface (such as an S1 interface and an X2 interface). The network interface 823 can also be a wired communication interface or a wireless communication interface for a wireless backhaul line. If the network interface 823 is a wireless communication interface, the network interface 823 can use a higher frequency band for wireless communication than the frequency band used by the wireless communication interface 825.

[0163] The wireless communication interface 825 supports any cellular communication scheme, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, and provides wireless connectivity to terminals located in the cell of the eNB 800 via the antenna 810. The wireless communication interface 825 may typically include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 826 and RF circuitry 827. The BB processor 826 can perform various signal processing functions, such as encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and multiplexing / demultiplexing, and performs various types of signal processing for layers such as Layer 1 (L1), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP). In place of the controller 821, the BB processor 826 may have some or all of the aforementioned logical functions. The BB processor 826 may be a memory that stores communication control programs, or a module including a processor configured to execute programs and associated circuitry. Program updates can modify the functionality of the BB processor 826. This module may be a card or blade inserted into a slot in the base station device 820. Alternatively, the module may be a chip mounted on the card or blade. Meanwhile, the RF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 810 .

[0164] As shown in FIG15 , the wireless communication interface 825 may include multiple BB processors 826. For example, multiple BB processors 826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 800. As shown in FIG15 , the wireless communication interface 825 may include multiple RF circuits 827. For example, multiple RF circuits 827 may be compatible with multiple antenna elements. Although FIG15 illustrates an example in which the wireless communication interface 825 includes multiple BB processors 826 and multiple RF circuits 827, the wireless communication interface 825 may also include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827.

[0165] In the eNB 800 shown in FIG15 , the acquisition unit 101 and transceiver of the electronic device 100 and the receiving unit 201, sending unit 202, and transceiver of the electronic device 200 can be implemented by the wireless communication interface 825. At least a portion of the functions can also be implemented by the controller 821. For example, the controller 821 can execute the functions of the acquisition unit 101 and the execution unit 102 to coordinate with a second-priority secondary user currently utilizing the spectrum resource to provide a corresponding interference margin, allowing a new second-priority secondary user to successfully access the spectrum resource, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing; and can execute the functions of the receiving unit 201 and the sending unit 202 to perform interference coordination among multiple first-priority secondary users, thereby improving the performance of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0166] (Second application example)

[0167] FIG16 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the techniques of this disclosure can be applied. Note that similarly, the following description uses an eNB as an example, but is equally applicable to a gNB. An eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, a base station device 850, and an RRH 860. The RRH 860 and each antenna 840 can be connected to each other via an RF cable. The base station device 850 and the RRH 860 can be connected to each other via a high-speed line such as an optical fiber cable.

[0168] Each of the antennas 840 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna) and is used for RRH 860 to transmit and receive wireless signals. As shown in FIG16 , eNB 830 may include multiple antennas 840. For example, multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 830. Although FIG16 shows an example in which eNB 830 includes multiple antennas 840, eNB 830 may also include a single antenna 840.

[0169] Base station device 850 includes a controller 851, a memory 852, a network interface 853, a wireless communication interface 855, and a connection interface 857. Controller 851, memory 852, and network interface 853 are the same as controller 821, memory 822, and network interface 823 described with reference to FIG.

[0170] The wireless communication interface 855 supports any cellular communication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-Advanced) and provides wireless communication to terminals located in the sector corresponding to the RRH 860 via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840. The wireless communication interface 855 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 856. The BB processor 856 is identical to the BB processor 826 described with reference to FIG. 15 , except that the BB processor 856 is connected to the RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857. As shown in FIG. 16 , the wireless communication interface 855 may include multiple BB processors 856. For example, multiple BB processors 856 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 830. Although FIG. 16 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 855 includes multiple BB processors 856, the wireless communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor 856.

[0171] The connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860. The connection interface 857 may also be a communication module for connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860 for communication in the high-speed line.

[0172] The RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a wireless communication interface 863 .

[0173] The connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860 (wireless communication interface 863) to the base station device 850. The connection interface 861 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line.

[0174] The wireless communication interface 863 transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840. The wireless communication interface 863 may generally include, for example, an RF circuit 864. The RF circuit 864 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840. As shown in FIG16 , the wireless communication interface 863 may include multiple RF circuits 864. For example, multiple RF circuits 864 may support multiple antenna elements. Although FIG16 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 863 includes multiple RF circuits 864, the wireless communication interface 863 may also include a single RF circuit 864.

[0175] In the eNB 830 shown in FIG16 , the acquisition unit 101 and transceiver of the electronic device 100 and the receiving unit 201, sending unit 202, and transceiver of the electronic device 200 can be implemented by the wireless communication interface 855 and / or the wireless communication interface 863. At least part of the functions can also be implemented by the controller 851. For example, the controller 851 can execute the functions of the acquisition unit 101 and the execution unit 102 to enable the second-priority secondary user currently utilizing the spectrum resource to coordinate and provide a corresponding interference margin, so that a new second-priority secondary user can successfully access the spectrum resource, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing; and can execute the functions of the receiving unit 201 and the sending unit 202 to perform interference coordination between multiple first-priority secondary users, thereby improving the performance of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0176] [Application examples about servers]

[0177] 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a server 700 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied. The server 700 includes a processor 701 , a memory 702 , a storage device 703 , a network interface 704 , and a bus 706 .

[0178] The processor 701 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) or a digital signal processor (DSP), and controls the functions of the server 700. The memory 702 includes a random access memory (RAM) and a read-only memory (ROM), and stores data and programs executed by the processor 701. The storage device 703 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.

[0179] The network interface 704 is a wired communication interface for connecting the server 700 to a wired communication network 705. The wired communication network 705 may be a core network such as an evolved packet core (EPC) or a packet data network (PDN) such as the Internet.

[0180] The bus 706 connects the processor 701, the memory 702, the storage device 703, and the network interface 704 to each other. The bus 706 may include two or more buses each having a different speed (such as a high-speed bus and a low-speed bus).

[0181] In the server 700 shown in FIG17 , the receiving unit 301, the sending unit 302, and the determining unit 303 described with reference to FIG10 and FIG11 may be implemented by the processor 701. For example, the processor 701 may execute the functions of the receiving unit 301, the sending unit 302, and the determining unit 303 to enable a second-priority secondary user currently utilizing spectrum resources to coordinate and provide a corresponding interference margin, thereby enabling a new second-priority secondary user to successfully access the spectrum resources, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic spectrum sharing.

[0182] The basic principles of the present disclosure are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that all or any steps or components of the methods and devices of the present disclosure can be implemented in any computing device (including a processor, storage medium, etc.) or a network of computing devices in the form of hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. This can be achieved by those skilled in the art using their basic circuit design knowledge or basic programming skills after reading the description of the present disclosure.

[0183] Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides a program product storing machine-readable instruction codes. When the instruction codes are read and executed by a machine, the method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be executed.

[0184] Accordingly, the storage medium for carrying the program product storing the machine-readable instruction code is also included in the disclosure of the present invention, including but not limited to a floppy disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a memory stick, and the like.

[0185] When the present disclosure is implemented through software or firmware, the programs constituting the software are installed from a storage medium or a network to a computer with a dedicated hardware structure (such as the general-purpose computer 1800 shown in Figure 18). When various programs are installed on the computer, it can perform various functions, etc.

[0186] In FIG18 , a central processing unit (CPU) 1801 executes various processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1802 or a program loaded from a storage section 1808 to a random access memory (RAM) 1803. Data required when the CPU 1801 executes various processes, etc., is also stored in the RAM 1803 as needed. The CPU 1801, the ROM 1802, and the RAM 1803 are connected to each other via a bus 1804. An input / output interface 1805 is also connected to the bus 1804.

[0187] The following components are connected to the input / output interface 1805: an input section 1806 (including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.), an output section 1807 (including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.), a storage section 1808 (including a hard disk, etc.), and a communication section 1809 (including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, etc.). The communication section 1809 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 1810 may also be connected to the input / output interface 1805 as needed. Removable media 1811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc. are installed in the drive 1810 as needed, so that computer programs read therefrom are installed in the storage section 1808 as needed.

[0188] In the case of realizing the above-described series of processing by software, a program constituting the software is installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 1811 .

[0189] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that such storage media is not limited to the removable medium 1811 shown in FIG. 18 , which stores the program and is distributed separately from the device to provide the program to the user. Examples of the removable medium 1811 include magnetic disks (including floppy disks (registered trademark)), optical disks (including compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs) and digital versatile disks (DVDs)), magneto-optical disks (including minidiscs (MDs) (registered trademark)), and semiconductor memories. Alternatively, the storage medium may be the ROM 1802, a hard disk included in the storage section 1808, or the like, in which the program is stored and distributed to the user together with the device containing the program.

[0190] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, method, and system of the present disclosure, each component or step can be decomposed and / or recombined. Such decomposition and / or recombination should be regarded as equivalent solutions of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the steps of performing the above series of processes can naturally be performed in chronological order according to the order of description, but do not necessarily need to be performed in chronological order. Certain steps can be performed in parallel or independently of each other.

[0191] Finally, it should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, in the absence of further limitations, the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the elements.

[0192] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is solely defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electronic device for a second-priority secondary user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, wherein the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilize spectrum resources of the primary user, and wherein the first priority is higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the electronic device comprising: The processing circuit is configured to: obtaining, based on a blockchain, spectrum coordination requests from other second-priority secondary users who are requesters of the spectrum resources, confirmed by a spectrum management device, wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority secondary user who is currently utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, and the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority secondary user who is currently utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requester; and A first smart contract is executed on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein The coordination content includes one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein The spectrum coordination request includes signature information of the spectrum management device, The spectrum coordination request further includes one or more of the requested frequency band, transmit power and geographical location of the requester.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein The requester sends an authorization request containing at least the coordinated content to the spectrum management device, and the processing circuit is also configured to execute a second smart contract in response to a successful authorization response from the spectrum management device, so that the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination reduces the transmission power according to the coordinated content.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein The processing circuit is further configured to execute the second smart contract to calculate coordination factor values ​​of second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination, so as to evaluate contributions of corresponding second-priority secondary users to the interference margin. The electronic device according to claim 4 , wherein: The requester sends the coordinated content to the nearest first-priority sub-user, which then forwards it to other first-priority sub-users utilizing the spectrum resources. The nearest first-priority sub-user receives information from the affected first-priority sub-user on whether it agrees to increase its own interference threshold and forwards it to the requester. The authorization request also includes information that the affected first-priority sub-user agrees to increase its own interference threshold.

7. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein: The processing circuit is configured to execute the first smart contract to determine second-priority sub-users participating in the coordination according to the trust values ​​of the second-priority sub-users who agree to participate in the coordination.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein: The trust value is determined based on the degree of activeness of the corresponding second-priority secondary user in participating in the coordination and / or the frequency of illegal behaviors.

9. The electronic device according to claim 8, wherein: The processing circuit is configured to execute a third smart contract on the blockchain to update the trust value.

10. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein The processing circuit is configured to receive a list of second-priority secondary users who have committed the illegal behavior from the spectrum management device, and execute the third smart contract in response to the receiving.

11. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein The processing circuit is further configured to determine a second-priority sub-user as a bookkeeping node on the blockchain based on the comprehensive contribution of each second-priority sub-user in the coordination process, and the bookkeeping node generates a block.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein The block includes the specific content of spectrum coordination and the comprehensive contribution of each second-priority secondary user in the coordination process.

13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein: The specific content of the spectrum coordination includes: information on the interference margin provided by the second priority secondary users participating in the coordination by reducing their own transmit power, and the time point when the coordination process ends.

14. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein The processing circuit is configured to divide each second-priority sub-user into a first level and a second level according to the comprehensive contribution, and preferentially determine the second-priority sub-user in the first level as the accounting node, wherein the comprehensive contribution of the second-priority sub-user in the first level is higher than the comprehensive contribution of the second-priority sub-user in the second level.

15. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein The comprehensive contribution includes a coordination factor value and a trust value, wherein the coordination factor value indicates the contribution of the corresponding second-priority secondary user to the interference margin, and the trust value indicates the degree of activeness of the corresponding second-priority secondary user in participating in coordination and / or the frequency of occurrence of violations.

16. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein The dynamic spectrum sharing system is a citizen broadband radio service system, the primary user is a primary user, the first priority secondary user is a priority access license user, and the second priority secondary user is a general authorized access user.

17. An electronic device for a first-priority secondary user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority being higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the electronic device comprising: The processing circuit is configured to: receiving, from a second-priority secondary user who is a requestor of the spectrum resource, content of coordination to be performed by other second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination, wherein the requestor requests the other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resource to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requestor; forwarding the coordinated content to other first-priority secondary users utilizing the spectrum resources; receiving information from other affected first-priority secondary users as to whether they agree to increase their own interference thresholds; and A response is sent to the requestor based on the information.

18. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein: The coordination content includes one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

19. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein: Other first-priority secondary users determine whether the aggregated interference generated by the requester's joining exceeds their own interference thresholds based on the coordination content.

20. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein The dynamic spectrum sharing system is a citizen broadband radio service system, the primary user is a primary user, the first priority secondary user is a priority access license user, and the second priority secondary user is a general authorized access user.

21. An electronic device for a spectrum management apparatus in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority being higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the electronic device comprising: The processing circuit is configured to: receiving, from a second-priority secondary user who is a requestor of the spectrum resource, information indicating that the requestor accepts spectrum coordination, through which other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resource coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requestor; and A spectrum coordination request including confirmation by the spectrum management device is sent to the requester.

22. The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein The spectrum coordination request includes signature information of the spectrum management device, The spectrum coordination request further includes one or more of the requested frequency band, transmit power and geographical location of the requester.

23. The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein The processing circuit is further configured to receive an authorization request from the requester, the authorization request including at least content of coordination to be performed by the second-priority secondary user that is utilizing the spectrum resources.

24. The electronic device according to claim 23, wherein The coordination content includes one or more of an identification of the second-priority secondary user participating in the coordination, an interference margin to be provided, a transmission power, and a geographical location.

25. The electronic device according to claim 23, wherein The authorization request further includes information that the affected first-priority secondary users affected by the joining of the requester agree to increase their own interference thresholds.

26. The electronic device according to claim 25, wherein The processing circuit is further configured to mark the affected first-priority secondary users.

27. The electronic device according to claim 26, wherein The processing circuit is configured to unmark the marked first-priority secondary user after the marked user is compensated.

28. The electronic device according to claim 23, wherein The processing circuit is configured to determine the feasibility of the authorization request, and send an authorization success response to the requester if the authorization request is feasible, and send an authorization failure response to the requester if the authorization request is not feasible.

29. The electronic device according to claim 28, wherein The processing circuit is also configured to receive a notification from a first-priority sub-user whose interference exceeds its own interference threshold, and determine a second-priority sub-user that has committed an illegal act and caused harmful interference to the first-priority sub-user based on operating parameters of a currently operating second-priority sub-user.

30. The electronic device according to claim 29, wherein The processing circuit is further configured to send the identifier of the second-priority secondary user who has committed the offending behavior to the first-priority secondary user whose interference exceeds its own interference threshold and / or the blockchain composed of the second-priority secondary users.

31. The electronic device according to claim 21, wherein The dynamic spectrum sharing system is a citizen broadband radio service system, the primary user is a primary user, the first priority secondary user is a priority access license user, and the second priority secondary user is a general authorized access user.

32. A method for a second-priority secondary user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority being higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the method comprising: obtaining, based on a blockchain, spectrum coordination requests from other second-priority secondary users who are requesters of the spectrum resources, confirmed by a spectrum management device, wherein the blockchain includes at least each second-priority secondary user who is currently utilizing or requesting to utilize the spectrum resources as a node, and the spectrum coordination request indicates that the requester requests the second-priority secondary user who is currently utilizing the spectrum resources to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requester; and A first smart contract is executed on the blockchain to determine the content of the coordination to be performed.

33. A method for a first-priority secondary user in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority being higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the method comprising: receiving, from a second-priority secondary user who is a requestor of the spectrum resource, content of coordination to be performed by other second-priority secondary users participating in the coordination, wherein the requestor requests the other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resource to coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requestor; forwarding the coordinated content to other first-priority secondary users utilizing the spectrum resources; receiving information from other affected first-priority secondary users as to whether they agree to increase their own interference thresholds; and A response is sent to the requestor based on the information.

34. A method for a spectrum management device in a dynamic spectrum sharing system, the dynamic spectrum sharing system comprising a primary user, a first-priority secondary user, and a second-priority secondary user, the first-priority secondary user and the second-priority secondary user dynamically utilizing spectrum resources of the primary user, and the first priority being higher than the second priority in utilizing the spectrum resources of the primary user, the method comprising: receiving, from a second-priority secondary user who is a requestor of the spectrum resource, information indicating that the requestor accepts spectrum coordination, through which other second-priority secondary users who are utilizing the spectrum resource coordinate to provide an interference margin for the requestor; and A spectrum coordination request including confirmation by the spectrum management device is sent to the requester.

35. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 32 to 34.

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