A method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement and provides a method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land along the Yellow River. The method comprises the following steps: S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, a ground-milling machine is used for land preparation. The spiral drill bit of the ground-milling machine is vertically driven into the soil. When the spiral drill bit reaches an anti-electrical conduction distance from the top of the groundwater layer, the spiral drill bit stops descending. In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit of the ground-milling machine is used to horizontally cut the soil at a speed of 26-35 R / min for 3-5 minutes, so that the spiral drill bit is negatively charged. S2: The spiral drill bit is used to deep-plow the saline-alkali land soil at a low speed of 9-15 R / min. During the deep-plowing and deep-plowing process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin are sprayed in to form a negatively charged modified soil layer and a positively charged blocking layer. The method achieves a low-cost and high-efficiency reduction in soil salt content by at least 0.1-0.3%, a reduction in soil pH by 0.5-1, and an increase in soil organic matter by more than 0.05-0.1%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land in areas along the Yellow River. Background Art

[0002] In a city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River, there are nearly 4.8 million mu of saline-alkali land, which is not suitable for farming or grazing. The existence of saline-alkali land is a great waste of land resources. If it is scientifically and rationally improved, developed and utilized, it will have significant ecological and social value. Test data show that CO3 in saline-alkali soil 2- 、HCO3 - 、Cl - , K + 、Na + The content is relatively high. The commonly used methods for improving saline-alkali land include: irrigation to wash salt, deep tillage with added soil, physical methods, and chemical methods. The above methods have the effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil to a certain extent, but they have the defects of high cost, easy to cause secondary pollution, and difficult to promote and use.

[0003] Traditional saline-alkali land improvement techniques primarily involve deep tillage and plowing, with a well-developed irrigation and drainage system, and the application of bio-organic fertilizers at sowing time to increase soil organic matter content, activate the soil, and improve crop quality. Saline-alkali soil conditioners are dripped after planting, and a straw-over-filming and straw-under-soiling system is employed, laying a straw interlayer beneath the surface. This approach is time-consuming and complex to implement, with high labor and machinery costs.

[0004] A certain saline-alkali land improvement technology uses microorganisms to reduce the salinity of the soil, increase soil air permeability and water permeability, improve soil compaction, and improve the fertility of cultivated soil, thereby increasing crop yields. Beneficial microorganisms in waste can produce sugar substances, which can combine with plant mucus, mineral embryos and organic colloids to improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil physical properties and reduce soil particle loss. Under certain conditions, they can also participate in the formation of humus. Therefore, the application of microbial fertilizers can improve soil physical properties and help improve soil fertility. However, the existing soil improvement methods using microorganisms directly mix microorganisms into the soil. The microorganisms' own reproduction process will consume a certain amount of nutrients. Therefore, a large number of increased microorganisms will consume a large part of the nutrients in the soil. The reproduction of microorganisms themselves in the soil is not ideal, and it is impossible to ensure that the nutrients of the planted plants are sufficient, which ultimately affects the normal growth and reproduction of the plants. In addition, the microorganisms cannot react with the CO3 in the saline-alkali soil. 2- 、HCO3 - 、Cl - , K + 、Na +The high content does not match the actual amount, which results in the inability to effectively improve the high salinity and alkali conditions of saline-alkali land, and the utilization rate of microbial fertilizer is low and the cost is high.

[0005] In summary, how to fully reduce soil salinity, make full use of microbial fertilizers, absorb water, retain water, resist drought and retain moisture, passivate the pathogenicity of pathogens and inhibit the growth of pathogens, improve soil fertility and decompose organic matter are still difficult problems facing technological development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present application provides a method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River, which can achieve a low-cost and high-efficiency reduction in soil salt content by at least 0.1-0.3%, a reduction in soil pH by 0.5-1, and an increase in soil organic matter by more than 0.05-0.1%.

[0007] The embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0008] This application example provides a method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River, including:

[0009] S1: When preparing the soil for dry fields in saline-alkali land, use a powder ridge machine to prepare the soil. The spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is inserted vertically into the soil. When it reaches the anti-electrical conduction distance from the top of the groundwater layer, the spiral drill bit stops descending. The anti-electrical conduction distance ranges from 18cm to 22cm. In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is used to cut the soil horizontally at a speed of 26-35R / min for 3-5 minutes to make the spiral drill bit negatively charged.

[0010] S2: The spiral drill bit is used to deep loosen and plow the saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9-15 R / min; during the deep loosening and plowing process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin are sprayed in, thereby mixing the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer, and a positively charged blocking layer is formed within the anti-electrical conduction distance above the top of the groundwater layer;

[0011] S3: After powder ridge, water in autumn and spring to melt the frozen soil, further wash out the salt and inhibit salt, drip irrigation equipment to drip soil conditioner, and then plant plants.

[0012] Optionally, in step S2, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 includes: 1-2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-13 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.8-1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2-3 parts of brown sugar powder.

[0013] Optionally, the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 7.5-8.0.

[0014] Optionally, in step S2, the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 is a montmorillonite layer coated with sodium polyacrylate, and the amount of montmorillonite added is 1.1-1.3% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7.

[0015] Optionally, in step S2, the amount of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 added is 6-9 kg per mu, and the amount of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 added is 10-20 kg per mu.

[0016] Optionally, in step S2, the injection method is high-pressure air delivery, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is 1.5-2 times the atmospheric pressure.

[0017] Optionally, in step S2, during the spraying process of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the delivery pipeline to mix with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin.

[0018] Optionally, in step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 80-250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 is 60-100 μm.

[0019] Optionally, in step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is greater than the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7, and the difference is greater than 20 μm.

[0020] Optionally, in step S3, the soil conditioner includes: 3-4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-8 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 7-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.5-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 2-3 parts of brown sugar, and 70-80 parts of water.

[0021] Beneficial effects include:

[0022] The present invention provides a method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River. The method realizes that the spiral drill bit is charged with negative charge and the negative charge is stabilized through high and low speed rotation control of the spiral drill bit of a powder tillage machine. Under powder tillage conditions, the spiral drill bit frequently contacts the soil and has a high probability of contacting negatively charged fertilizers, modifiers, etc., and the generation and stabilization of its negative charge greatly improves the effect of the negatively charged material after addition. The range of the anti-electrical conduction distance is appropriately selected to effectively avoid the influence of the groundwater level layer and avoid conduction with groundwater (such as blocking the upward migration of positive ions in groundwater and the migration and loss of negative charges. The excessive loss of negative charges inevitably weakens the influence of the added modifying material), and avoids the influence of soil moisture content, thereby facilitating the spiral drill bit to be charged with negative charge. Load; Powder ridge tillage cuts the soil horizontally, effectively cutting off the capillaries in the upper soil, effectively isolating it from the groundwater layer physically, reducing the siphon effect, and preventing salt return. In addition, powder ridge tillage can fully crush the soil, with good water permeability, which is conducive to autumn irrigation, spring irrigation into frozen soil melting, drip irrigation and other operations, further washing salt and inhibiting salt, and reducing soil salinity; the negative charge of the spiral drill bit increases the positive charge of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content in the saline-alkali soil, making the positive charge more obvious, and spraying negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin is conducive to the interaction between the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin and the positively charged alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, thereby improving their effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of powder ridge rotary tillage provided in an embodiment of the present application. It is understandable that the spiral drill bit 4 in the figure leaves the soil layer after the powder ridge rotary tillage is completed.

[0025] Icons: 1-groundwater level layer; 2-positive charge blocking layer; 3-negative charge modified soil layer; 4-auger bit; 5-anti-electrical conduction distance; 6-negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer; 7-negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin; 8-plants; 9-drip irrigation equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and, unless specifically defined as such, will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. The term "and / or" used here includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used below are all commercially available products. Although their specific compositions are different, they can meet the main use objectives.

[0029] In view of the problems that existing soil improvement methods have long construction cycles and complex construction, high labor and machinery costs, and are difficult to fully reduce soil salinity, make full use of microbial fertilizers, absorb water, retain water, resist drought and retain moisture, passivate the pathogenicity of pathogens and inhibit pathogen growth, improve soil fertility and decompose organic matter, therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River.

[0030] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land along the Yellow River, comprising:

[0032] S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, the ground is prepared by a powder ridging machine. The spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine is inserted vertically into the soil. When the spiral drill bit 4 has an anti-electrical conduction distance 5 from the top of the groundwater layer 1, the downward movement of the spiral drill bit 4 is stopped. The anti-electrical conduction distance 5 ranges from 18cm to 22cm (optionally 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, etc.). In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine is used to cut the soil horizontally at a speed of 26-35R / min (optionally 26R / min, 27R / min, 28R / min, 29R / min, 30R / min, 31R / min, 32R / min, 33R / min, 34R / min, 35R / min, etc.) for 3-5min, so that the spiral drill bit 4 is negatively charged.

[0033] Understandably, when the powder ridging machine is used to till the saline-alkali land when the field is dry, for example, for saline-alkali soil with low soil moisture content (<12%), in a dry environment, the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine rubs violently with the soil particles at high speed. The saline-alkali soil has a high content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and electron transfer can make the spiral drill bit 4 negatively charged through friction, while the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the soil of the powder ridging area and nearby areas are positively charged.

[0034] Since the area close to the groundwater level layer 1 will be affected by the soil moisture content, the water content of the saline-alkali land is still high when the field is dry. The conductive properties of the groundwater will lead away the negative charges and cause them to be lost, such as the negative charges on the spiral auger 4 and some negative charges in the upper soil. In addition, the groundwater usually contains K + , Ca 2+ 、Na + Mg 2+ Cations such as ions will be adsorbed on the surface of the drill bit and neutralize the negative charge, making it impossible to make the spiral drill bit 4 negatively charged. When the spiral drill bit 4 is stopped from descending at an anti-electrical conduction distance 5 from the top of the groundwater layer 1, the influence of the groundwater layer 1 can be effectively avoided. For example: by keeping an appropriate distance from the groundwater layer 1, conduction with groundwater is avoided, and the influence of soil moisture content is avoided, which is conducive to the spiral drill bit 4 being negatively charged; below the above range, it is not conducive to the spiral drill bit 4 being negatively charged, and above the above range, the modified soil layer is too thin, which is not conducive to effectively reducing soil salinity.

[0035] Compared with the previous methods such as rotary tillage, the powder tillage method greatly improves the contact opportunity between the spiral drill bit 4 and the soil. The inventor found that its electrical influence cannot be ignored. The existing technology has realized the influence of negatively charged materials in the soil, and has achieved improvement through the negative charge of fertilizers, water absorbents and other improvers. However, the existing technology has not paid attention to the negative charge improvement effect of the spiral drill bit, etc., nor has it paid attention to the influence of the groundwater level on the negative charge in the soil layer. In the previous on-site implementation process, it was found that a large number of particles such as bacterial fertilizers were adhered to the spiral drill bit 4 of powder tillage, and even lumps were adhered. The spiral drill bit 4 was negatively charged, and the soil This reduces the loss of some of the soil's inherent negative charge, preventing the negative charge of added negatively charged materials from being ineffective (severe groundwater impacts can render the negative charge of specially developed negatively charged materials ineffective, effectively negating the purpose of the improvement). This helps reduce the impact of the auger 4 on the added negatively charged materials (e.g., positive charges adsorbing negatively charged materials, resulting in waste of raw materials). This helps drive the negatively charged materials away from the auger 4, driven by the high-speed rotation of the auger 4, and allows them to be more evenly distributed. After the aforementioned modification, the phenomenon of particles such as microbial fertilizer adhering to the auger 4 is greatly reduced, with less agglomeration and clumping. Furthermore, the auger 4 carries a negative charge, acquired through friction with the soil, and its negative charge has a significant impact. This negative charge can significantly alter the surface's ability to adsorb negatively charged materials, such as those with different charges. Given the greatly increased contact between the auger 4 and the soil during powder tillage, this effect can significantly impact the effectiveness of soil modification. The deep plowing and loosening of the soil by the above-mentioned powder ridge will not destroy the soil structure layer, and the fertile surface soil will still be on the surface; powder ridge tillage can fully crush the soil, with a soil crushing rate of more than 90%, realizing soil full-layer tillage, which is much higher than the soil crushing rate of traditional tillage, and greatly increasing the porosity of the soil; powder ridge tillage is formed in one operation, reducing the repeated tractor landing in traditional tillage, which causes repeated crushing of the soil; powder ridge tillage cuts the soil horizontally, effectively cutting off the capillaries in the upper soil, and effectively physically isolating it from the groundwater layer 1, reducing the siphon effect, and preventing salt return. The effect is obvious, and the soil can be fully crushed by powder ridge tillage, with good water permeability, which is conducive to autumn irrigation, spring irrigation into frozen soil melting, drip irrigation and other operations, further washing and inhibiting salt, and reducing soil salinity.

[0036] S2: The spiral drill bit 4 performs deep plowing and deep turning of the saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9-15R / min (optionally 9R / min, 10R / min, 11R / min, 12R / min, 13R / min, 14R / min, 15R / min, etc.); during the deep plowing and deep turning process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are sprayed in. Thus, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are mixed into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer 3, and a positively charged blocking layer 2 is formed within the anti-electrical conduction distance 5 above the top of the groundwater layer 1. Due to the indirect action of the spiral drill bit 4, the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the soil are positively charged in the positively charged blocking layer 2 and are not easily affected by the K-containing metals in the groundwater layer 1. + , Ca 2+ 、Na + Mg 2+ The influence of cations such as cations can provide a groundwater layer 1 and a negatively charged modified soil layer 3, the soil capillaries of which are still intact, and the capillaries of the negatively charged modified soil layer 3 are cut off, so that groundwater cannot return to the upper layer, reducing alkali return, and the undamaged soil capillaries can become channels for water such as drip irrigation and flooding to flow out from top to bottom to wash the soil and reduce alkali, thereby achieving a better soil alkali reduction structure.

[0037] The spiral drill bit 4 is negatively charged by the initial high-speed rotation, and then the saline-alkali soil is deep-loosened and deep-turned at a reduced speed, which is beneficial to prolonging the contact time with the soil, thereby maintaining and enhancing the negative charge of the spiral drill bit 4. The lower speed is beneficial to reducing the high speed and large dust, which leads to the loss of added fertilizer, and is beneficial to mixing the sprayed negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 into the soil for a sufficient time, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the above raw materials, penetrating into the lower soil layer, improving its soil improvement effect, and improving soil fertility and decomposing organic matter.

[0038] The negative charge of the spiral drill bit 4 increases the positive charge of the saline-alkali soil with high alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content, making the positive charge more pronounced. Spraying the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 is beneficial to the interaction between the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 and the positively charged alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, thereby improving their effect.

[0039] The beneficial bacteria in microbial fertilizers can produce sugar substances, which, combined with plant mucus, mineral embryos and organic colloids, can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the physical properties of the soil and reduce the loss of soil particles. Under certain conditions, they can also participate in the formation of humus. The application of microbial fertilizers can improve the physical properties of the soil and help improve soil fertility.

[0040] Negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6, through the surface negative charge (such as carboxyl -COO - 、Phosphate-PO4 3- functional groups, bacterial metabolism secretion of negatively charged polysaccharides, proteins or organic acids (such as citric acid, oxalic acid), etc.), which improves the binding with positively charged substances such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in saline-alkali soils and can adsorb cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ The negative charge of the fertilizer increases the total cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil colloids, enhancing their ability to buffer basic ions and preventing localized salt concentrations. The negative charge of the compound microbial fertilizer 6 enhances its microbial fertilizer function and reduces soil salinity. The negatively charged compound microbial fertilizer 6 contains antibacterial and antiviral substances that can neutralize pathogenicity and inhibit their growth. Its activity significantly promotes the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes, improving soil fertility and decomposing organic matter. It also produces antibiotics and hormones that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as filamentous fungi, effectively suppressing the occurrence and spread of certain plant diseases. In soils treated with negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6, the ratio of actinomycetes to filamentous fungi is high, with actinomycetes becoming the dominant bacterial community. This can eliminate and control crop diseases caused by filamentous fungi, effectively treating insects with bacteria and reducing or replacing the use of highly toxic and polluting chemical pesticides. Negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 also possesses adsorption capacity, a treatment method that utilizes microorganisms or their adsorbent metabolites. Bioadsorption is a general term for the absorption of heavy metal ions by microbial cells through a series of biochemical processes, including complexation, chelation, ion exchange, and adsorption. Both living and dead microorganisms have a strong adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.

[0041] Optionally, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 includes: 1-2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-13 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), 0.8-1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2-3 parts of brown sugar powder. The negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is prepared by mixing the above raw materials. The specific preparation method is not limited. The amount of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 added is 10-20kg per mu. By applying a sufficient amount of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6, the effect of reducing soil salinity is improved and soil activity is increased. Above the above range, the cost is too high and the fertilizer is added in excess. Below the above range, it is not conducive to improving the negative charge of the powder ridge coating and the soil salinity is high.

[0042] Photosynthetic bacteria (1-2 servings) use light energy to fix CO₂ and secrete exopolysaccharides to promote aggregate formation. The released O₂ provides an oxidative environment for nitrifying bacteria (strictly aerobic). They degrade organic pollutants (such as pesticide residues). They improve soil structure and degrade organic pollution, enhancing the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land and enabling bioremediation of contaminated saline-alkali soils. They effectively degrade or oxidize toxic pollutants such as residual pesticides, hydrogen sulfide, and amines in the soil, playing a role in soil remediation, thereby preventing or reducing the accumulation of these toxins in crops and ensuring the quality of agricultural and sideline products. They also promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, enabling them to participate in the material cycle of the soil ecosystem, thereby promoting an efficient and virtuous cycle in the cultivated ecosystem. Under controlled environmental conditions, they degrade organic pollutants in the soil or, through biosorption, biooxidation, and bioreduction, change the form of toxic elements, reducing their toxicity and ecological risks in the environment.

[0043] Straw powder (10-13 parts) provides a carbon source and adjusts the C / N ratio; it absorbs water and retains moisture, relieves soil compaction, produces heat through fermentation to inhibit pathogens, increases organic matter, and enhances water retention.

[0044] Lactic acid bacteria (0.5-2 parts) produce lactic acid to lower pH and dissolve insoluble phosphates, inhibiting soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium. Acidification promotes phosphorus release and has antibacterial properties. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3-4 parts) quickly replenishes phosphorus and potassium (P2O5 ≥ 52%, K2O ≥ 34%), buffering pH fluctuations, maintaining microbial activity, providing rapid fertilization, and stabilizing the negatively charged environment. Lactic acid bacteria combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate allow lactic acid to dissolve mineral phosphorus, while potassium dihydrogen phosphate replenishes available phosphorus, increasing phosphorus availability by 50%-80%. By converting insoluble raw phosphate into soluble phosphate, it displaces heavy metal ions from the phosphate, securing it in the soil and preventing plant absorption. Lactic acid bacteria and phosphate synergistically acidify and release phosphorus.

[0045] Bacillus subtilis (2-3 copies) secretes antibiotics (such as surfactin) to antagonize pathogens; secretes cellulase to accelerate the decomposition of straw into glucose, gradually reducing the C / N ratio and releasing PO3 4- It is beneficial to improve negative charge and promote the mineralization of organic matter.

[0046] Purple sulfur bacteria (0.2-0.7 parts), anaerobic photoheterotrophic, oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur ( ), reduce toxicity; participate in the oxidation and reduction of iron and manganese, fix heavy metals, desulfurize and detoxify, and passivate heavy metals.

[0047] Sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB (0.5-1 part), SRB can use the carbon source in the biological fertilizer in the land as energy to convert SO4 2- Restore to S 2- , and heavy metals (such as Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ ) forms sulfide precipitation, which is beneficial to the fixation of heavy metals and reduces sulfur damage. 2- , purple sulfur bacteria will overproduce S 2- Oxidation to S prevents sulfide poisoning. SRB+ purple sulfur bacteria precisely regulate the sulfur cycle, balancing heavy metal passivation and toxicity control.

[0048] Nitrifying bacteria (0.8-1.2 parts) convert NH4 + Oxidized to NO3 - Nitrification improves nitrogen availability and activation, reduces ammonium toxicity, and promotes ecological restoration through the optimization of oxygen and nitrogen balance by photosynthetic and nitrifying bacteria. Brown sugar powder (2-3 parts) acts as a rapid carbon source (C / N ≈ 10:1) to activate microbial metabolism, accelerate bacterial colonization, and initiate restoration.

[0049] Optionally, the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 7.5-8.0 to encourage the particles to maintain negative charge.

[0050] The negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 can be selected from sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, etc., which can be made negatively charged on the surface by strong ionization functional groups (such as the carboxylic acid group (-COO - ), the negatively charged resin surface attracts cations (such as Na + , Ca 2+ Mg 2+), forming an "ion adsorption layer," reducing the concentration of free salts (such as NaCl) and significantly decreasing soil electrical conductivity (EC). The negatively charged superabsorbent resin 7 expands hundreds of times after absorbing water, forming a three-dimensional mesh gel structure. This significantly increases the specific surface area and provides more adsorption sites. The expanded pore structure accelerates the diffusion of cations into the resin, improving the adsorption kinetics and thus enhancing the binding of the superabsorbent resin with positively charged materials, thereby reducing soil salinity. The addition of the negatively charged superabsorbent resin 7, with its strong water absorption, further reduces soil moisture content and maintains the negative charge of the added material.

[0051] Preferably, the negatively charged super absorbent resin 7 is a montmorillonite layer coated with sodium polyacrylate, and the amount of montmorillonite added is 1.1-1.3% of the total mass of the negatively charged super absorbent resin 7; the particles are coated by spray coating, ball milling coating, etc., and the specific method is not specifically limited here. There is a wide range of isomorphic substitution in the montmorillonite lattice. For example, Si in the tetrahedron 4+ Can be A1 3+ substitution, and Si in the octahedron 4+ 、A1 3+ Can be Fe 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Li + The result is a complex series of chemical compositions and interlayer negative charges. When montmorillonite is subjected to mechanical forces, the end-face hydroxyl bonds of its crystal lattice are partially broken, which also makes the lattice negatively charged, especially in alkaline environments. Therefore, coating the montmorillonite layer with sodium polyacrylate can greatly increase its negative charge. After the sodium polyacrylate absorbs water and expands, it is more conducive to the dispersion of the coating layer to enhance the negative charge and improve the salt reduction effect.

[0052] Preferably, the amount of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 added is 6-9 kg per mu. If the amount is higher than the above, the absorbent resin will swell and stick together, which is not conducive to soil modification; if the amount is lower than the above, the effect of reducing salt content will be reduced.

[0053] The injection equipment can be a nozzle connected to high-pressure air and arranged above the spiral drill bit 4. The negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are connected to the high-pressure air through a silo and a pipeline. Since the spiral drill bit 4 rotates at high speed when tilling saline-alkali soil, a lot of dust is generated. The added particulate material is dispersed with the dust, resulting in a large loss. The negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 and other particulate materials are transported by high-pressure air, which is conducive to increasing the penetration of particulate materials through dust into the soil, thereby achieving more efficient raw material utilization.

[0054] Optionally, the high-pressure air is 1.5-2 times the atmospheric pressure, which is conducive to increasing the penetration of granular materials into the soil. If the pressure is lower than the above pressure, the penetrability of the particles is enhanced; if the pressure is higher than the above pressure, the kinetic energy of the granular materials is too large and concentrated deep in the soil, which is not conducive to the uniform distribution of the granular materials and affects their effect.

[0055] Optionally, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the delivery pipeline to increase and stabilize the negative charge of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and the negatively charged superabsorbent resin 7. The hydrated negative ion generating device can be a commercially available negative ion generator, for example, which can generate a large amount of hydrated negative ions by splitting water molecules through microwaves, ultrasonic vibrations, etc., and the hydrated negative ions enter with the air.

[0056] Optionally, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is 80-250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 is 60-100 μm. The average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 is larger than the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7, and the difference is more than 20 μm; the particles of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are smaller, which is conducive to penetrating deeper into the soil, so that they are distributed more at the interface between the positive charge blocking layer 2 and the negative charge modified soil layer 3, so as to enhance the barrier effect.

[0057] S3: After powder ridge, water in autumn and spring to melt the frozen soil, further wash out the salt and inhibit salt, drip irrigation equipment 9 drips the soil conditioner to further enhance the negative charge, and then plant plants 8.

[0058] Methods such as autumn irrigation after powder furrowing and spring irrigation to thaw frozen soil can further wash out and inhibit salt. Drip irrigation equipment 9. Drip irrigation soil conditioner. The soil conditioner includes: 3-4 parts photosynthetic bacteria, 7-8 parts straw powder, 0.5-2 parts lactic acid bacteria, 7-8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 part sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), 2.5-3 parts nitrifying bacteria, 2-3 parts brown sugar, and 70-80 parts water. Direct exposure of the surface layer (0-5 cm) to sunlight increases photosynthetic efficiency and rapid proliferation of photosynthetic bacteria. The oxygen released by photosynthetic bacteria promotes decomposition and promotes mineralization of organic matter, improving topsoil fertility. Increasing the content of photosynthetic and nitrifying bacteria further optimizes oxygen and nitrogen balance, promoting ecological restoration. Increasing the potassium dihydrogen phosphate content helps maintain a negative charge in the upper layer, enhancing the effect of bacterial fertilizer.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A method for efficiently utilizing saline-alkali land in areas along the Yellow River, comprising:

[0061] S1: When the saline-alkali land is dry, the soil is prepared by a powder ridging machine. The spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine is vertically inserted into the soil. When the spiral drill bit 4 has an anti-electrical conduction distance 5 from the top of the groundwater layer 1, the spiral drill bit 4 stops descending. The anti-electrical conduction distance 5 range is 20 cm. In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit 4 of the powder ridging machine is used to cut the soil horizontally at a speed of 32 R / min for 4 minutes, so that the spiral drill bit 4 is negatively charged.

[0062] S2: The auger 4 performs deep plowing and deep tilling of the saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9-15 R / min; during the deep plowing and deep tilling process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are sprayed in. As a result, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer 6 and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin 7 are mixed into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer 3, and a positively charged blocking layer 2 is formed within the anti-electrical conduction distance 5 above the top of the groundwater layer 1;

[0063] The negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer contains: 1 part photosynthetic bacteria, 11 parts straw powder, 0.7 parts lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts purple sulfur bacteria, 0.6 parts sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.9 parts nitrifying bacteria, and 3 parts brown sugar powder. The pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 8.0. The negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is a sodium polyacrylate-coated montmorillonite layer, with the montmorillonite added in an amount of 1.2% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin. The negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is added in an amount of 8 kg per mu (approximately 1.5 acres), and the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is added in an amount of 15 kg per mu (approximately 1.5 acres). The fertilizer is sprayed using high-pressure air at a pressure of twice atmospheric pressure. During the spraying process, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the delivery pipeline to mix with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin. The average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 180 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is 90 μm.

[0064] S3: After the powder ridge, autumn irrigation and spring irrigation are used to thaw the frozen soil to further remove salt. After drip irrigation with 9 drip irrigation equipment, soil conditioner is applied, and then organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum is planted. The soil conditioner includes: 4 parts photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts straw powder, 0.9 parts lactic acid bacteria, 8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts purple sulfur bacteria, 0.6 parts sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.7 parts nitrifying bacteria, 3 parts brown sugar, and 80 parts water.

[0065] The original soil of saline-alkali land in a city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River: pH 9.5, total salt 4.6 mg / kg, CO3 2- 150 mg / kg, HCO3 - 580mg / kg, Cl - 640mg / kg, K + / Na + 970mg / kg; after the above method is improved, pH value is 8.5, total salt is 4.3mg / kg, CO3 2- 30mg / kg, HCO3 - 330mg / kg, Cl - 273mg / kg, K + / Na + 211mg / kg; the yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum is more than 600kg per mu.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The method is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer includes: 0.7 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 13 parts of straw powder, 0.3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.1 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 1.1 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 3 parts of brown sugar powder, and the pH value of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 7.7.

[0068] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 8.7, the total salt was 4.4 mg / kg, and CO3 2- 53mg / kg, HCO3 - 420mg / kg, Cl - 324mg / kg, K + / Na + 280mg / kg; organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum yields 550kg per mu.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate and is not coated with a montmorillonite layer.

[0071] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 8.6, the total salt was 4.5 mg / kg, and CO3 2- 78mg / kg, HCO3 - 440mg / kg, Cl - 362mg / kg, K + / Na + 311mg / kg; the yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 530kg.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The method is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that hydrated negative ions are not introduced into the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin.

[0074] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 8.8, the total salt was 4.5 mg / kg, and CO32- 84mg / kg, HCO3 - 461mg / kg, Cl - 387mg / kg, K + / Na + 342mg / kg; organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum yields 500kg per mu.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] The method is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin are both 150 μm.

[0077] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 8.7, the total salt was 4.4 mg / kg, and CO3 2- 63mg / kg, HCO3 - 410mg / kg, Cl - 314mg / kg, K + / Na + 297mg / kg; the yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 540kg.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the soil conditioner includes: 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 9 parts of straw powder, 0.6 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.6 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.7 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 1 part of nitrifying bacteria, 3 parts of brown sugar, and 80 parts of water.

[0080] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 8.6, the total salt was 4.5 mg / kg, and CO3 2- 73mg / kg, HCO3 - 421mg / kg, Cl - 374mg / kg, K + / Na + 301mg / kg; the yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum per mu is 562kg.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that it is connected to the groundwater layer.

[0083] After the above method was improved, the pH value was 9.2, the total salt was 4.55 mg / kg, and CO3 2- 130mg / kg, HCO3 - 501mg / kg, Cl - 496mg / kg, K + / Na +753mg / kg; organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum yields 300kg per mu.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] The method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the spiral drill bit is at a speed of 8R / min.

[0086] The original soil of saline-alkali land in a city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region along the Yellow River: pH 8.9, total salt 4.55 mg / kg, CO3 2- 96mg / kg, HCO3 - 498mg / kg, Cl - 561mg / kg, K + / Na + 811mg / kg; the yield of organic selenium-rich sweet sorghum is 430kg per mu.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0088] The terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances. In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River, characterized in that: include: S1: When preparing the soil for dry fields in saline-alkali land, use a powder ridge machine to prepare the soil. The spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is inserted vertically into the soil. When it reaches the anti-electrical conduction distance from the top of the groundwater layer, the spiral drill bit stops descending. The anti-electrical conduction distance ranges from 18cm to 22cm. In the initial stage, the spiral drill bit of the powder ridge machine is used to cut the soil horizontally at a speed of 26-35R / min for 3-5 minutes to make the spiral drill bit negatively charged. S2: The spiral drill bit is used to deep loosen and plow the saline-alkali soil at a low speed of 9-15 R / min; during the deep loosening and plowing process, negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin are sprayed in, thereby mixing the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin into the saline-alkali soil to form a negatively charged modified soil layer, and a positively charged blocking layer is formed within the anti-electrical conduction distance above the top of the groundwater layer; S3: After powder ridge, irrigate in autumn and spring to melt the frozen soil, further wash out the salt and inhibit salt, drip irrigation equipment drips soil conditioner, and plants are planted; In step S2, the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer includes: 1-2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-13 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 0.8-1.2 parts of nitrifying bacteria, and 2-3 parts of brown sugar powder; In step S2, the negatively charged superabsorbent resin is a sodium polyacrylate coated montmorillonite layer; In step S2, during the spraying process of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin, hydrated negative ions are introduced into the delivery pipeline to mix with the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer and the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin.

2. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 7.5-8.

0.

3. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of montmorillonite added is 1.1-1.3% of the total mass of the negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin.

4. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of negatively charged enhanced super absorbent resin added is 6-9 kg per mu, and the amount of negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer added is 10-20 kg per mu.

5. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the injection method is high-pressure air delivery, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is 1.5-2 times the atmospheric pressure.

6. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is 80-250 μm, and the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin is 60-100 μm.

7. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the average particle size of the negatively charged composite microbial granular fertilizer is greater than the average particle size of the negatively charged enhanced superabsorbent resin, and the difference is more than 20 μm.

8. The method for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the soil conditioner includes: 3-4 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-8 parts of straw powder, 0.5-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 7-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2-0.7 parts of purple sulfur bacteria, 0.5-1 parts of sulfate-reducing bacteria, 2.5-3 parts of nitrifying bacteria, 2-3 parts of brown sugar, and 70-80 parts of water.

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