Drought-resistant strong seedling type awnless brome coated seed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses drought-resistant strong seedling type awnless brome coated seeds and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of seed processing and treatment. The prepared coated seeds have three layers, and from inside to outside, the three layers are an initial coating layer, a composite active layer and a protective layer in sequence. The components of the composite active layer include bentonite, talcum powder, sodium polyacrylate and ammonium molybdate. The sodium polyacrylate and the ammonium molybdate can produce a synergistic effect to improve the drought resistance of the seeds and the drought-resistant strong seedling capacity of seedlings. The germination rate, seedling root length and seedling height growth indexes of the coated seeds are obviously improved, and the coated seeds are helpful to agricultural development in drought or semi-drought areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of seed processing and treatment, and particularly relates to drought-resistant strong seedling type awnless brome coated seeds and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seed is the basis of agricultural production, and is the basis of food production, economic crop cultivation and ecological improvement. Awnless brome belongs to the plant of the genus Bromus in the family Poaceae, is the dominant species of mountain meadow grassland, has tender stems and soft and wide leaves, has strong palatability, is one of the forages favored by herbivorous livestock, and can be used for natural grassland improvement, artificial forage base construction and ecological environment protection. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the need for ecological environment governance, the cultivation area of awnless brome is increasing, and the demand for seeds is increasing.

[0003] The influence of drought is very obvious in all phenological stages of plant growth and development, and the stages of seed germination and seedling growth are the most sensitive periods of drought stress. Drought can cause the seed germination force and germination rate to decrease, reduce the photosynthetic capacity of plants, reduce photosynthetic products, cause metabolic disorders, and affect seed germination and normal growth of seedlings. Drought significantly delays or inhibits seed germination by inhibiting seed water absorption and reducing the activity of various enzymes, and reduces the germination rate of seeds. The growth and development of seedlings after seed germination are also limited to a certain extent. Therefore, it is very important to improve the drought resistance of seeds in order to improve the emergence rate and survival rate of crops.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective method which is low in cost, environmentally friendly and can promote the germination of awnless brome seeds under drought conditions and improve the drought resistance of seedlings. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above prior art, the present application discloses a drought-resistant strong seedling type awnless brome coated seed and a preparation method thereof, to solve the technical problems that the existing awnless brome seeds have low seed germination rate under drought conditions and weak ability of drought-resistant seedling protection.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is to provide a drought-resistant strong seedling type awnless brome coated seed, the coating of the coated seed is sequentially composed of an initial coating layer, a composite active layer and a protective layer, and the seed coating has three layers; the initial coating layer and the protective layer are composed of a powder A and a sticking agent, the powder A includes bentonite and talcum powder; the composite active layer is composed of a powder B and the sticking agent, the powder B includes bentonite, talcum powder, sodium polyacrylate and ammonium molybdate; and the sticking agent is a carboxymethyl cellulose salt solution.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical scheme, the present application can also be improved as follows.

[0008] Further, the carboxymethyl cellulose salt solution is a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution with a concentration of 1-1.5 wt%.

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of bentonite to talc in powder A is 1:1; the ratio of powder A to adhesive in the initial coating layer and protective layer is 10g:2mL.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of bentonite, talc, sodium polyacrylate, and ammonium molybdate in powder B is 5:5:1:0.05; the ratio of powder B to adhesive in the composite active layer is 11.05g:6mL.

[0011] This invention also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned drought-resistant and seedling-strengthening coated seeds, which includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: Pour the seeds into the coating machine and rotate them at a constant speed. Then, wet the seed surface with a 1 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution. Then, alternately add powder A and adhesive to the coating machine until all powder A is added, and obtain the seeds coated with the initial coating layer.

[0013] S2: Run the seeds coated with the initial coating layer in the coating machine for 1-2 minutes, then add powder B and binder alternately until all powder B is added, and then you get seeds coated with a composite active layer.

[0014] S3: The seeds coated with the composite active layer are idled in the coating machine for 2-3 minutes. Then, powder A and binder are added alternately until all powder A is added. The seeds with the protective layer are then dried or air-dried.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0016] Furthermore, the coating machine operates at a speed of 550–650 rpm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. The awnless bromegranate coated seeds prepared by this invention have a three-layer coating structure, including an initial coating layer, a composite active layer, and a protective layer. The initial coating layer provides mechanical strength to the seeds and enhances the adhesion between the coating and the seeds; the composite active layer further increases the overall thickness of the coating and also contains functional components, particularly the synergistic effect of sodium polyacrylate and ammonium molybdate, which significantly improves the drought resistance of the seeds. Sodium polyacrylate creates a stable moisture environment for the seed roots, promoting root development, while the well-developed root system can efficiently absorb the water and MoO4 released by the composite active layer. 2- This forms a virtuous cycle mechanism for water absorption and utilization; MoO4 2- Plants can enhance their antioxidant capacity to cope with drought stress by regulating the synthesis of signaling molecules; the protective layer can improve coating integrity and long-term storage stability.

[0019] 2. The coating treatment significantly improves the germination rate of the smooth brome seeds, speeds up the seedling emergence, and promotes the healthy growth of the seedlings. In addition, it enhances the root development, makes it more developed, can penetrate into the soil, greatly enhances the water and nutrient absorption capacity, and also effectively enhances the stress resistance of the seedlings, increases the fresh weight and biomass of the plants. The coating treatment also helps to optimize the physiological metabolism of the plants, improves their drought tolerance, and enables the smooth brome to grow vigorously in an environment with limited water, providing a solid guarantee for ecological restoration and forage production.

[0020] 3. The coating treatment changes the shape of the smooth brome seeds, making them more regular, and increases their volume and weight, thereby overcoming the mechanical sowing difficulties caused by the small size, light weight, and irregular shape of traditional seeds, and providing a reliable guarantee for precision sowing and efficient planting of smooth brome seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Comparison chart of smooth brome seeds before and after coating treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The test material: sodium polyacrylate product was purchased from Shanghai Maikelin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. The components and proportions of the seed coating composite active layer in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1

[0025]

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A drought-resistant and strong seedling type smooth brome coated seed, its preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: Select 5g of smooth brome seeds of similar size, uniform and full, then pour the seeds into a 5XW-110A type seed coating machine, and adjust the speed of the coating machine to 550rpm, so that the seeds rotate uniformly along the inner wall to form a clear oval circle, and ensure that the seeds can hit the baffle, then place the atomizing disc in the clamping groove, add 0.4mL of 1wt% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium aqueous solution to the atomizing disc, so that the solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the seeds, after the surface of the seeds is uniformly wetted, alternately and slowly add powder A and 1wt% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium aqueous solution to the coating machine, the total amount of powder A is 10g (5g of bentonite + 5g of talc), the total volume of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium aqueous solution is 2mL, after the addition of powder A is completed, the seeds wrapped with the initial coating layer are obtained;

[0029] S2: continue to idle for 1 min in the coating machine, then add powder B and 1.5wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution alternately and slowly into the coating machine, the total amount of powder B is 11.05g (5g bentonite + 5g talc + 1g sodium polyacrylate + 0.05g ammonium molybdate), the total volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is 6mL, until the powder B is completely added, the seed wrapped with the composite active layer is obtained;

[0030] S3: continue to idle for 2 min in the coating machine, then add powder A and 1.5wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution alternately and slowly into the coating machine, the total amount of powder A is 3g (1.5g bentonite + 1.5g talc), the total volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is 1mL, until the powder A is completely added, the seed wrapped with the protective layer is obtained, and the seed is taken out and dried at room temperature for 24h.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A drought-resistant and strong seedling type awnless brome seed coating seed, a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1: select 5g of awnless brome seeds with similar size and uniform fullness, then pour the seeds into a 5XW-110A type seed coating machine, and adjust the rotation speed of the coating machine to 650rpm, so that the seeds rotate uniformly along the inner wall to form a clear ellipse, and ensure that the seeds can hit the baffle, then place the atomizing disc in the clamping slot, add 0.4mL of 1.5wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to the atomizing disc, so that the solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the seeds, after the surface of the seeds is uniformly moistened, add powder A and 1wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution alternately and slowly into the coating machine, the total amount of powder A is 10g (5g bentonite + 5g talc), the total volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is 2mL, until the powder A is completely added, the seed wrapped with the initial coating layer is obtained;

[0034] S2: continue to idle for 2 min in the coating machine, then add powder B and 1.5wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution alternately and slowly into the coating machine, the total amount of powder B is 11.05g (5g bentonite + 5g talc + 1g sodium polyacrylate + 0.05g ammonium molybdate), the total volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution is 6mL, until the powder B is completely added, the seed wrapped with the composite active layer is obtained;

[0035] S3: The seed coated with the composite active layer was continuously rotated in the coating machine for 3 min, and then powder A and a 1.5 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution were alternately and slowly added into the coating machine, the total amount of powder A was 3 g (1.5 g of bentonite + 1.5 g of talc), and the total volume of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution was 1 mL, until the powder A was completely added, to obtain the seed coated with the protective layer, and the seed was taken out and air-dried at room temperature for 24 h to obtain the seed coated with the protective layer.

[0036] The preparation method of the coated seed in the comparative example was the same as that in the examples.

[0037] Experimental example

[0038] ①Drought stress condition screening of bromus inermis seeds

[0039] 100 bromus inermis seeds were randomly selected, the initial total weight was recorded, distilled water was weighed and added daily, the container was covered to prevent water evaporation, and the sand bed germination test was carried out; the size of the germination box was 12 cm x 12 cm x 6 cm, and 300 g of clean sand with a mesh size of 0.8 cm was laid at the bottom; then 2%, 5%, 8% and 11% distilled water was added to the sand bed, respectively, and then the coated seeds were placed 2 cm above the sand surface, and the evaporated water was replenished daily. According to the seed test standard of ISTA "International Seed Test Rules 2023", the germination rate, root length, seedling height, fresh weight and other indicators of the seeds were determined to determine the optimal drought stress condition.

[0040] (1) Germination rate (%) = number of normal seedlings in the last count / total number of test seeds x 100%.

[0041] (2) Root length, seedling length and seedling fresh weight: after the bromus inermis seeds germinated for 14 days, 10 seedlings were randomly selected from each repetition of each treatment to measure the root length, seedling length and fresh weight, and the measurement was repeated 4 times. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2

[0043] Matrix water content (%) Germination rate (%) Root length (cm) Seedling length (cm) Fresh weight (g) 11 75±1.7a 4.9±1.85a 7.8±1.26a 0.179±0.009a 8 61±1.7b 3.9±1.79b 6.7±1.19b 0.154±0.010b 5 52±3.1c 2.1±0.73c 6.1±1.16b 0.137 ± 0.015 bc 2 30±1.7d 2.0±0.48c 3.8±1.07c 0.132±0.008c

[0044] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 level.

[0045] As can be seen from Table 2, the germination indicators (germination rate, root length, seedling length and fresh weight) of bromus inermis seeds gradually decreased with the decrease of substrate moisture, and the optimal drought stress condition of bromus inermis seeds was determined to be 8% substrate moisture content.

[0046] ②Drought stress tolerance test of bromus inermis coated seeds

[0047] Under drought stress, the germination rate, root length, seedling height and fresh weight of awnless bromegrass coated seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were measured; CK-1 was the normal treatment under no stress, and CK-2 was the uncoated seed treatment under drought stress. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0048] Table 3

[0049] Sample Germination rate (%) Root length (cm) Seedling height (cm) Fresh weight of seedling (g) CK-1 85 4.9 7.8 0.179 CK-2 61 3.9 6.8 0.153 Example 1 83 5.4 8.2 0.188 Comparative Example 1 70 4.7 7.0 0.178 Comparative Example 2 80 5.0 7.5 0.191 Comparative Example 3 63 4.3 6.5 0.168 Comparative Example 4 72 4.9 7.0 0.180 Comparative Example 5 64 4.0 7.0 0.180 Comparative Example 6 66 3.6 6.3 0.172 Comparative Example 7 70 4.2 7.0 0.177 Comparative Example 8 77 4.1 7.8 0.185 Comparative Example 9 67 4.5 6.8 0.180 Comparative Example 10 67 4.1 6.0 0.178

[0050] As can be seen from Table 3, under drought stress, the seeds treated with coating in Example 1 showed significant improvement in all growth indicators, and the improvement effect was more obvious than that of the control group.

[0051] ③ Quality testing of awnless bromegrass seed coating

[0052] The comparison diagram of seeds before and after coating in Example 1 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the coating technology can change the shape of the seed, making it more regular and increasing its volume and weight, thereby overcoming the mechanical sowing problems caused by the small size, light weight and irregular shape of traditional seeds.

[0053] (1) Determination of the size of coated seeds

[0054] Randomly select 100 coated seeds, measure the diameter of the coated seeds with vernier calipers, and calculate the average value in mm, accurate to 0.01 mm.

[0055] (2) Pyrolysis rate

[0056] 100 coated seeds were randomly selected and placed on moist filter paper. After 5 minutes, the number of lysed seeds was counted and the percentage of lysed seeds out of the total number of coated seeds tested was calculated. Three replicates were set.

[0057] Calculation formula: Fracturing rate = Number of lysed coated seeds / Total number of seeds tested × 100%.

[0058] (3) Single seed rate

[0059] Randomly select 100 coated seeds, count the number of single seeds (each coated seed contains only one naked seed), and calculate the percentage of single-seed coated seeds out of the tested seeds. The single-seed rate should be ≥98.0%.

[0060] (4) 1000-seed weight of coated seeds

[0061] Randomly select 100 coated seeds, weigh them, repeat 8 times, calculate the average weight of the 100 seeds, and the weight of 1000 seeds is 10 times that.

[0062] (5) Pelletization ratio

[0063] The pill coating multiple refers to the thousand-grain weight of the coated seeds / thousand-grain weight of the naked seeds.

[0064] The above quality detection results are shown in Table 4, and it can be seen that the coated seeds all meet the quality requirements.

[0065] Table 4

[0066]

[0067] Although the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Various modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art within the scope described in the claims are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A seed coating for drought-resistant, robust awnless bromegrass, characterized in that, The coating consists of an initial coating layer, a composite active layer, and a protective layer from the inside out. The initial coating layer and the protective layer are composed of powder A and an adhesive. Powder A is composed of bentonite and talc. The composite active layer is composed of powder B and the adhesive. Powder B is composed of bentonite, talc, sodium polyacrylate, and ammonium molybdate. The adhesive is a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution with a concentration of 1~1.5wt%. The mass ratio of bentonite, talc, sodium polyacrylate, and ammonium molybdate in powder B is 5:5:1:0.

05. The ratio of powder B to adhesive in the composite active layer is 11.05g:6mL.

2. The seed coating of drought-resistant, robust seedling-forming awnless bromegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of bentonite to talc in powder A is 1:1; the ratio of powder A to adhesive in the initial coating layer and protective layer is 10g:2mL.

3. A method for preparing drought-resistant, robust awnless bromegrass seeds by coating the seeds of drought-resistant, robust seedling type as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Pour the awnless bromegrass seeds into the coating machine and rotate the seeds at a uniform speed. Then, use a 1wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to wet the seed surface. Then, alternately add powder A and binder to the coating machine until all powder A is added, and obtain the seeds coated with the initial coating layer. S2: The seeds coated with the initial coating layer are idled in the coating machine for 1-2 minutes, and then powder B and binder are added alternately until all powder B is added, and seeds coated with a composite active layer are obtained. S3: The seeds coated with the composite active layer are idled in the coating machine for 2-3 minutes, and then powder A and binder are added alternately until all powder A is added. The seeds with the protective layer are then dried or air-dried.

4. The method for preparing drought-resistant, robust seedling-forming awnless bromegrass coated seeds according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coating machine operates at a speed of 550~650 rpm.

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