Rapid decomposition system for enzyme bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method of enzyme bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses an enzyme bio-organic fertilizer rapid decomposition system and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production. The system comprises a fermentation tank body, an interlayer is arranged on the outer side of the fermentation tank body, a heating device and a cooling device are arranged in the interlayer, a stirring device is arranged in the fermentation tank body and comprises a stirring shaft and stirring blades, the stirring shaft is connected with a driving motor, a feeding port and an exhaust port are formed in the top of the fermentation tank body, and a discharging port is formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body. A temperature control device and a humidity sensor are also arranged; the preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, enzyme microbial agent preparation, mixed fermentation and the like. By optimizing the structure of the fermentation system, controlling the fermentation conditions and combining the specific enzyme microbial agent, the organic fertilizer decomposition time can be remarkably shortened, the decomposition efficiency can be improved, the organic fertilizer quality can be ensured, and the method has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and particularly to a rapid composting system and preparation method for enzyme bio-organic fertilizers. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of agriculture and the increasing demand for green food, the use of organic fertilizers has become more and more widespread. Organic fertilizers can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and are of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. At present, the production of organic fertilizers mainly adopts the traditional composting fermentation method, which has problems such as a long composting period (usually 30 days - 60 days), low efficiency, easy generation of malodorous gases polluting the environment, and serious nutrient loss. In order to shorten the composting time and improve the composting efficiency, some improvement measures have also been adopted in the prior art, such as adding microbial inoculants, controlling the fermentation temperature and humidity, etc., but the effect is still not ideal. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system and preparation method that can rapidly compost organic fertilizers, improve the quality of organic fertilizers, and reduce environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention mainly aims at the problems of long composting period, low efficiency, and unstable quality of organic fertilizers in the prior art, and provides a rapid composting system and preparation method for enzyme bio-organic fertilizers.

[0004] The object of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following solutions: A rapid composting system for enzyme bio-organic fertilizers includes a fermentation tank body. A sandwich is arranged outside the fermentation tank body, and a heating device and a cooling device are respectively arranged in the sandwich. The internal temperature of the fermentation tank body can be precisely controlled through the heating device and the cooling device to meet the temperature requirements of different fermentation stages. A stirring device is arranged in the fermentation tank body. The stirring device includes a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The stirring shaft is connected to a driving motor, and the driving motor drives the stirring shaft and the stirring blades to rotate to achieve uniform stirring of the fermentation materials, promote heat transfer, mass transfer, and the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. An inlet and an exhaust port are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank body. The inlet is used to add fermentation raw materials and enzyme bacteria agents, and the exhaust port is used to discharge the gases generated during the fermentation process, such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. A discharge port is arranged at the bottom for discharging the composted organic fertilizer. A temperature control device and a humidity sensor are also provided. The temperature control device is electrically connected to the heating device, the cooling device, and the humidity sensor respectively. The humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity inside the fermentation tank body in real time, and the heating device and the cooling device are controlled according to the humidity condition to maintain an appropriate fermentation humidity.

[0005] Preferably, the stirring blades are spiral and evenly distributed on the stirring shaft. The angle between the stirring blades and the stirring shaft is 30°-60°. This structural design can better stir and mix the fermentation materials, improve the stirring efficiency, and avoid dead corners of the materials in the fermentation tank body.

[0006] Preferably, the heating device is an electric heating tube, and the cooling device is a circulating cooling water pipeline. A temperature sensor is arranged in the interlayer, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the temperature control device. The temperature in the interlayer is monitored in real time through the temperature sensor, and the temperature control device controls the operation of the heating device and the cooling device according to the feedback signal of the temperature sensor to achieve precise control of the temperature inside the fermentation tank body.

[0007] The present invention also provides a preparation method using the above system, including steps such as raw material pretreatment, enzyme bacteria agent preparation, and mixed fermentation. In the raw material pretreatment step, livestock and poultry manure, crop straws, and decomposed organic fertilizers are mixed in a specific mass ratio, crushed to a suitable particle size, and the water content is adjusted to an appropriate range to provide a good material basis for the subsequent fermentation process. In the enzyme bacteria agent preparation step, various beneficial microorganisms such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis are selected and cultured through specific culture media and culture conditions to obtain a highly efficient enzyme bacteria agent. These microorganisms can decompose organic substances, produce organic acids, enzymes and other substances, promote the decomposition of organic fertilizers, and at the same time inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and reduce the generation of malodorous gases.

[0008] Preferably, in the mixed fermentation step, the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme bacteria agent are added into the fermentation tank body in a certain proportion. By controlling parameters such as stirring speed, fermentation temperature, humidity, and stirring times, the best conditions are created for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby significantly shortening the decomposition time and improving the decomposition efficiency.

[0009] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: (1) By precisely controlling the fermentation temperature, humidity, and stirring conditions, and combining with a highly efficient enzyme bacteria agent, the decomposition time of the organic fertilizer in the present invention is shortened to 7-10 days, which is more than 2 / 3 shorter than the traditional composting method, greatly improving the production efficiency; (2) The optimized design of the stirring device and the reasonable control of fermentation parameters in the present invention promote the uniform mixing of materials and the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, accelerate the decomposition speed of organic substances, and improve the decomposition efficiency; (3) During the fermentation process of the present invention, nutrients can be effectively retained, nutrient loss is reduced, and at the same time, the growth of harmful microorganisms is inhibited, so that the pH value of the organic fertilizer is stabilized in an appropriate range, improving the quality and safety of the organic fertilizer; (4) By controlling the fermentation conditions and adding an enzyme bacteria agent, the present invention reduces the generation of malodorous gases and reduces environmental pollution. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the rapid composting system in the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view of the rapid composting system in the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the stirring device in the present invention.

[0011] Reference numerals: 1 - fermentation tank body, 2 - interlayer, 3 - stirring device, 31 - stirring shaft, 32 - stirring blades, 4 - driving motor, 5 - feed inlet, 6 - exhaust port, 7 - discharge port, 8 - temperature control device. Detailed Embodiments

[0012] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. It should be understood that the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and any formal modification and / or change made to the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0013] As Figures 1-3 shown, the present invention discloses a technical solution, a rapid composting system for enzyme biological organic fertilizer, including a fermentation tank body 1, an interlayer 2 is welded outside the fermentation tank body 1, a cavity is provided between the interlayer 2 and the fermentation tank body 1, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of the cavity. A heating device and a cooling device are respectively arranged in the interlayer 2. A stirring device 3 is arranged in the fermentation tank body 1. The stirring device 3 includes a stirring shaft 31 and stirring blades 32. The stirring shaft 31 is connected with a driving motor 4. The driving motor 4 is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the fermentation tank body 1 through bolts. The output end of the driving motor 4 passes through the top of the fermentation tank body 1 and is fixedly connected with the top of the stirring shaft 31. A feed inlet 5 and an exhaust port 6 are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank body 1. There are two feed inlets 5 symmetrically arranged, and they are respectively rotatably connected to the top of the fermentation tank body 1, and the feed inlet 5 is sealed with the fermentation tank body 1 through bolts. A discharge port 7 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1, and a humidity sensor is arranged inside the fermentation tank body 1. A temperature control device 8 is installed on the surface of the interlayer 2. The temperature control device 8 is electrically connected with the heating device, the cooling device and the humidity sensor.

[0014] Specifically, the stirring blades 32 are spiral and welded on the stirring shaft 31, and the included angle between the stirring blades 32 and the stirring shaft 31 is 30° - 60°.

[0015] Specifically, the heating device is an electric heating tube, the cooling device is a circulating cooling water pipeline, both ends of the circulating cooling water pipeline pass through the interlayer 2, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the interlayer 2. The temperature sensor is electrically connected with the temperature control device 8.

[0016] The present invention also discloses another technical solution, a preparation method using the above-mentioned enzyme biological organic fertilizer rapid composting system, comprising the following steps: Raw material pretreatment: Mix livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, and mature organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, crush to a particle size less than 5 mm, and adjust the water content to 50%-60%; Enzyme agent preparation: Inoculate yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis into the culture medium in a volume ratio of 1:1:2, and culture at 30℃-35℃ for 24h-36h to obtain the enzyme agent. The culture medium consists of 20 g / L glucose, 10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L beef extract, and 1000 mL distilled water; Mixed fermentation: Add the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme agent to the fermentation tank 1 in a mass ratio of 100:5-10, start the stirring device 5, with a stirring speed of 50r / min-100r / min, control the fermentation temperature at 35℃-45℃ through the temperature control device 10, keep the humidity at 55%-65%, stir 2-3 times a day during the fermentation process, each time for 10min-15min, ferment for 7-10 days. When the material temperature drops to room temperature and the pH value stabilizes at 6.5-7.5, discharge from the discharge port 9 to obtain the enzyme biological organic fertilizer.

[0017] The livestock and poultry manure is one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, or cow manure, and the crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, or rice straw.

[0018] The following is a specific description of the present application through specific examples: Example 1: Raw material pretreatment: Mix chicken manure, corn straw, and mature organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, crush to a particle size less than 5 mm, and adjust the water content to 55%; Enzyme agent preparation: Inoculate yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis into the culture medium in a volume ratio of 1:1:2. The culture medium consists of 20 g / L glucose, 10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L beef extract, and 1000 mL distilled water, and culture at 30℃ for 24h to obtain the enzyme agent; Mixed fermentation: Add the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme agent to the fermentation tank in a mass ratio of 100:5, start the stirring device, with a stirring speed of 60r / min, control the fermentation temperature at 35℃ through the temperature control device, keep the humidity at 55%, stir 2 times a day during the fermentation process, each time for 10min, and ferment for 7 days. When the material temperature drops to room temperature and the pH value stabilizes at 6.8, discharge from the discharge port to obtain the enzyme biological organic fertilizer.

[0019] Example 2: Raw material pretreatment: Mix pig manure, wheat straw, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, crush to a particle size less than 5 mm, and adjust the water content to 60%; Preparation of enzyme bacteria agent: Inoculate yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis into the culture medium in a volume ratio of 1:1:2, and culture at 35 °C for 36 h to obtain the enzyme bacteria agent; Mixed fermentation: Add the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme bacteria agent to the fermentation tank in a mass ratio of 100:10, turn on the stirring device, the stirring speed is 100 r / min, control the fermentation temperature at 45 °C through the temperature control device, keep the humidity at 65%, stir 3 times a day during the fermentation process, each time for 15 min, and ferment for 10 days. When the material temperature drops to room temperature and the pH value stabilizes at 7.2, discharge from the discharge port to obtain the enzyme bio-organic fertilizer.

[0020] Example 3: Raw material pretreatment: Mix cow dung, rice straw, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, crush to a particle size less than 5 mm, and adjust the water content to 58%; Preparation of enzyme bacteria agent: Inoculate yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis into the culture medium in a volume ratio of 1:1:2, and culture at 32 °C for 30 h to obtain the enzyme bacteria agent; Mixed fermentation: Add the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme bacteria agent to the fermentation tank in a mass ratio of 100:8, turn on the stirring device, the stirring speed is 80 r / min, control the fermentation temperature at 40 °C through the temperature control device, keep the humidity at 60%, stir 2 times a day during the fermentation process, each time for 12 min, and ferment for 8 days. When the material temperature drops to room temperature and the pH value stabilizes at 7.0, discharge from the discharge port to obtain the enzyme bio-organic fertilizer.

[0021] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. The protection scope of this application is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An enzyme bio-organic fertilizer rapid decomposition system, characterized by: The invention comprises a fermentation tank body (1), wherein an interlayer (2) is arranged on the outside of the fermentation tank body (1), wherein a heating device and a cooling device are arranged in the interlayer (2), wherein a stirring device (3) is arranged in the fermentation tank body (1), wherein the stirring device (3) comprises a stirring shaft (31) and stirring blades (32), wherein the stirring shaft (31) is connected to a driving motor (4), wherein a feed inlet (5) and an exhaust port (6) are arranged on the top of the fermentation tank body (1), and a discharge port (7) is arranged on the bottom, and a temperature control device (8) and a humidity sensor are also arranged, wherein the temperature control device (8) is electrically connected to the heating device, the cooling device and the humidity sensor, respectively.

2. The enzyme bio-organic fertilizer rapid decomposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring blades (32) are spiral-shaped and evenly distributed on the stirring shaft (31); the angle between the stirring blades (32) and the stirring shaft (31) is 30°-60°.

3. The enzyme bio-organic fertilizer rapid decomposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device is an electric heating tube, the cooling device is a circulating cooling water pipeline, a temperature sensor is arranged in the interlayer (2), and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the temperature control device (8).

4. A method for preparing the enzyme biological organic fertilizer rapid decomposition system using any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Raw material pretreatment: mix livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, crush to a particle size of less than 5mm, and adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%; Preparation of enzyme agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis are inoculated into a culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:1:2, and cultured at 30°C-35°C for 24h-36h to obtain an enzyme agent, wherein the culture medium is composed of 20g / L glucose, 10g / L peptone, 5g / L beef extract, and 1000mL distilled water; Mixed fermentation: the pretreated raw materials and the enzyme agent are added to the fermentation tank (1) at a mass ratio of 100:5-10, the stirring device (5) is turned on, the stirring speed is 50r / min-100r / min, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 35°C-45°C by the temperature control device (10), and the humidity is maintained at 55%-65%. During the fermentation process, the material is stirred 2-3 times a day, each stirring lasts 10min-15min, and the fermentation is carried out for 7-10 days. When the material temperature drops to room temperature and the pH value is stabilized at 6.5-7.5, it is discharged from the discharge port (9) to obtain enzyme biological organic fertilizer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The livestock and poultry manure is one or more of chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure, and the crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw or rice straw.

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