Method for monitoring multiple stresses of debris flow

Abstract

The application discloses a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system and a monitoring method, and relates to the field of geological disaster monitoring. The system comprises at least one impact force monitoring device, at least one triaxial stress monitoring device, at least one pore water pressure monitoring device and a data processing device. The impact force monitoring device is arranged on the side wall of a debris flow flow-through area to generate an impact stress signal. The triaxial stress monitoring device is arranged at the bottom of the flow-through area to generate normal stress signals and shear stress signals. The pore water pressure monitoring device is arranged at the bottom or the side wall of the flow-through area to generate pore water pressure signals. The data processing device is electrically connected with the impact force monitoring device, the triaxial stress monitoring device and the pore water pressure monitoring device to integrate the impact stress signals, the normal stress signals, the shear stress signals and the pore water pressure signals in a preset time domain for comparison. In this way, different stresses at different positions of the debris flow can be measured. Meanwhile, various stresses can be compared horizontally in the same time domain.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system and a monitoring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Debris flow is a solid-liquid mixed geological disaster containing a large amount of solid debris such as mud and stones, which often occurs with disasters such as heavy rain, snowmelt and earthquake. It has the characteristics of suddenness, groupness and fluidity, and can destroy a river valley city in a short time, causing serious harm to people's life and property safety.

[0003] Rainy season is the peak period of debris flow outbreak, and each debris flow outbreak is in a very short time, and its fluidity can destroy the river valley it flows through like a flood. The internal stress of debris flow is complex, involving dynamic water pressure, inter-particle interaction force and other stresses, but the existing technology is difficult to monitor comprehensively and accurately. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system and a monitoring method to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system, which comprises:

[0006] At least one impact force monitoring device is arranged on the side wall of the flow-through area of the debris flow to monitor the impact stress of the debris flow and generate an impact stress signal;

[0007] At least one triaxial stress monitoring device is arranged at the bottom of the flow-through area to monitor the normal stress and shear stress of the debris flow and generate a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal;

[0008] At least one pore water pressure monitoring device is arranged at the bottom or side wall of the flow-through area to monitor the pore water pressure of the debris flow and generate a pore water pressure signal; and

[0009] A data processing device is arranged on the slope outside the debris flow basin and is electrically connected with the impact force monitoring device, the triaxial stress monitoring device and the pore water pressure monitoring device to integrate and compare the received impact stress signal, normal stress signal, shear stress signal and pore water pressure signal in a predetermined time domain.

[0010] Further, the impact force monitoring device comprises a first shell, a sensing plate, an elastic member, a first vibration sensor and a first control board, the sensing plate is arranged outside the first shell and faces the flow-through area, the first control board is arranged in the first shell, one end of the elastic member is connected with the sensing plate and the other end is connected with the first control board, the first vibration sensor is connected with the elastic member and is electrically connected with the first control board, for monitoring vibration information of the sensing plate and generating the impact stress signal;

[0011] The data processing device is electrically connected with the first control board.

[0012] Further, the impact force monitoring device further comprises a first processor, a first storage and a first transmitter arranged in the first shell and electrically connected with the first control board, the vibration information monitored by the first vibration sensor is processed by the first processor to obtain the impact stress signal, the impact stress signal is transmitted to the first storage through the first control board for storage and can be transmitted to the data processing device for processing through the first transmitter.

[0013] Further, the three-axis stress monitoring device comprises a second shell, a sensing member, a second vibration sensor and a second control board, the sensing member is arranged outside the second shell and is arranged in a hemispherical shape, the spherical surface of the sensing member faces the bottom of the flow-through area, the second control board is arranged in the second shell, the second vibration sensor is connected with the sensing member and is electrically connected with the second control board, for monitoring vibration information of the sensing plate;

[0014] The data processing device is electrically connected with the second control board.

[0015] Further, the pore water pressure monitoring device comprises a third shell, a base, a osmotic pressure sensor and a third control board, the base is arranged at the bottom or sidewall of the flow-through area and is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes for water in the debris flow to flow in, the third shell is arranged on the base and is arranged corresponding to the water inlet holes and is in communication with the water inlet holes, a filter member is arranged in the third shell, the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged in the third shell and is arranged on the side of the filter member away from the water inlet holes and is electrically connected with the third control board, for monitoring pore water pressure of the debris flow;

[0016] The data processing device is electrically connected with the third control board.

[0017] Further, a water storage chamber is arranged in the third shell, the water storage chamber is arranged on the side of the filter member away from the water inlet holes, the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged in the water storage chamber and the third control board is arranged outside the water storage chamber.

[0018] Further, the filter comprises a coarse sand layer and a fine sand layer arranged in layers, the fine sand layer is arranged on the side of the coarse sand layer away from the water inlet hole, and the size of the sand in the coarse sand layer is greater than the size of the water inlet hole.

[0019] Further, the data processing device comprises:

[0020] a mounting seat arranged on a mountain slope outside the debris flow basin;

[0021] a data server arranged on the mounting seat; and

[0022] a power supply assembly arranged on the mounting seat, comprising a wind power generation unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit, and the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit are electrically connected with the data server to supply power to the data server.

[0023] The application also provides a debris flow multi-stress monitoring method, which is suitable for a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system and comprises the following steps:

[0024] S100, impact force monitoring devices, triaxial stress monitoring devices and pore water pressure monitoring devices are arranged in a to-be-monitored area where debris flow may occur, and a data processing device is arranged outside the to-be-monitored area;

[0025] S200, impact stress of the debris flow is monitored by using the impact force monitoring devices to generate an impact stress signal, normal stress and shear stress of the debris flow are monitored by using the triaxial stress monitoring devices to generate a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal, and pore water pressure of the debris flow is monitored by using the pore water pressure monitoring devices to generate a pore water pressure signal;

[0026] S300, the data processing device is used to process and decompose the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal, and the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal, the shear stress signal and the pore water pressure signal are integrated in a preset time domain for comparison.

[0027] Further, the step S300 specifically comprises:

[0028] S310, the data server of the data processing device is used to remove noise in the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal, and the high-frequency stress signal and the low-frequency stress signal are obtained by decomposing the signal after noise removal;

[0029] S320, the data server is used to integrate the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal, the shear stress signal and the pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain for comparison.

[0030] In the technical solution of this invention, by setting impact force monitoring devices, triaxial stress monitoring devices, and pore water pressure monitoring devices at different locations in the debris flow zone, the stress at different parts of the debris flow, including impact stress, normal stress, shear stress, and pore water pressure, can be continuously and accurately measured, thus enabling the measurement of different stresses at different parts of the debris flow. At the same time, by processing multiple stress signals through a data processing device, various stresses can be unified in the same time domain for horizontal comparison, which facilitates a better exploration of the mutual influence of various stresses inside the debris flow. This method is suitable for real-time field monitoring and monitoring of complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the debris flow multi-stress monitoring system provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the structure of the medium impact force monitoring device;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the structure of the triaxial stress monitoring device;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of a medium-pore water pressure monitoring device;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a medium pore water pressure monitoring device;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the data processing device;

[0038] Figure 7 The flowchart is for the debris flow multi-stress monitoring method provided by the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0040]

[0041] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0044] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions such as “first”, “second”, etc., the descriptions of “first”, “second”, etc. are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of “and / or” appearing throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. Taking “A and / or B” as an example, it includes A solution, or B solution, or A and B solutions. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize it. When the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present application.

[0045] A debris flow is a solid-liquid mixed geological disaster containing a large amount of solid clastic materials such as mud and stones, and can occur together with disasters such as heavy rain, snowmelt, and earthquake. It has the characteristics of suddenness, group occurrence, and fluidity, and can destroy a river valley city in a short time, causing serious harm to people's life and property safety.

[0046] The rainy season is the peak period of debris flow outbreak, and each debris flow breaks out in a very short time, and its fluidity can destroy the river valley it flows through like a flood. The internal stress of the debris flow is complex, involving dynamic water pressure, intergranular interaction force and other stresses, but the existing technology is difficult to monitor comprehensively and accurately.

[0047] In view of this, the present application provides a debris flow multi-stress monitoring system 100, Figures 1 to 6 An embodiment of the debris flow multi-stress monitoring system 100 provided by the present application.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1The debris flow multi-stress monitoring system 100 comprises at least one impact force monitoring device 1, at least one triaxial stress monitoring device 2, at least one pore water pressure monitoring device 3 and a data processing device 4, the impact force monitoring device 1 is arranged on the side wall of the flow-through area 310 of the debris flow 300 to monitor the impact stress of the debris flow 300 and generate an impact stress signal; the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 is arranged on the bottom of the flow-through area 310 to monitor the normal stress and shear stress of the debris flow 300 and generate a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal; the pore water pressure monitoring device 3 is arranged on the bottom or side wall of the flow-through area 310 to monitor the pore water pressure of the debris flow 300 and generate a pore water pressure signal; the data processing device 4 is arranged on the mountain slope 200 outside the debris flow 300 basin and is electrically connected with the impact force monitoring device 1, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 and the pore water pressure monitoring device to compare the received impact stress signal, normal stress signal, shear stress signal and pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain.

[0049] In the technical scheme of the present application, the impact force monitoring device 1, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 and the pore water pressure monitoring device are arranged at different positions of the flow-through area 310 of the debris flow 300, so that the stresses of different parts of the debris flow 300, including impact stress, normal stress, shear stress and pore water pressure, can be continuously and accurately measured, and different stresses of different parts of the debris flow 300 are realized; meanwhile, the data processing device 4 processes multiple stress signals, so that various stresses can be compared horizontally in the same time domain, which is convenient for better exploring the mutual influence of various stresses inside the debris flow 300 and is suitable for real-time monitoring in the field and complex geological monitoring.

[0050] It should be noted that, in the present application, the number of the impact force monitoring device 1, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 and the pore water pressure monitoring device is not limited, and each monitoring device can be distributed at intervals along the flow-through area 310 of the debris flow 300.

[0051] It should also be noted that, please refer to Figure 1 In the present application, the mountain slope 200 comprises a bedrock layer 210 and an accumulated soil layer 220 from bottom to top, and the debris flow 300 comprises a flow-through area 310 and an accumulation area from upstream to downstream. The data processing device 4 is arranged on the mountain slope 200 outside the debris flow 300 basin, specifically, it can be arranged on the accumulated soil layer 220. Since the impact force of the debris flow 300 is concentrated in front of the flow, in the present application, the impact force monitoring device 1 can be arranged on the upstream side of the dam body for monitoring in addition to being arranged on the side wall of the flow-through area 310.

[0052] Further, please refer to Figure 2 The impact force monitoring device 1 comprises a first shell 11, a sensing plate 12, an elastic member 13, a first vibration sensor 14 and a first control plate 15. The sensing plate 12 is arranged outside the first shell 11 and faces the flow-through area 310. The first control plate 15 is arranged inside the first shell 11. One end of the elastic member 13 is connected to the sensing plate 12, and the other end is connected to the first control plate 15. The first vibration sensor 14 is connected to the elastic member 13 and electrically connected to the first control plate 15, for monitoring the vibration information of the sensing plate 12 and generating the impact stress signal. The data processing device 4 is electrically connected to the first control plate 15.

[0053] Thus, after the T1 stage before the debris flow 300 breaks out, when the debris flow 300 breaks out along the flow-through area 310, at the T2 stage before the debris flow 300 reaches the impact force monitoring device 1, the environmental noise and equipment resonance will cause the elastic member 13 to vibrate. At the T3 stage when the debris flow 300 hits the impact force monitoring device 1, the sensing plate 12 is subjected to high-frequency impact of coarse particles and low-frequency impact of water flow, and is connected to the first vibration sensor 14 through the elastic member 13. The first vibration sensor 14 monitors and converts the vibration information into the impact stress signal, i.e. the electrical signal impact waveform, and transmits it to the data processing device 4 for processing, to obtain the high-frequency impact stress caused by coarse particles and the low-frequency impact stress caused by water flow in the monitoring area, until the T4 stage after the debris flow 300 flows through, to complete the waveform data collection.

[0054] More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the first shell 11 is made of a lightweight material that is resistant to impact, high pressure and water. The sensing plate 12 is a steel plate. The elastic member 13 is a spring. The first control plate 15 is an ESP32 development board.

[0055] Further, please refer to 2, the impact force monitoring device 1 further comprises a first processor 16, a first storage 17 and a first transmitter 18 arranged inside the first shell 11 and electrically connected to the first control plate 15. The vibration information monitored by the first vibration sensor 14 is processed by the first processor 16 to obtain the impact stress signal. The impact stress signal is transmitted to the first storage 17 for storage through the first control plate 15, and can be transmitted to the data processing device 4 for processing through the first transmitter 18.

[0056] Thus, the impact stress signal processed by the first processor 16 can be transmitted to the first storage 17 for local storage, so that local data can be preserved and the location can be recorded when wireless signal transmission fails, and can be sent to the data processing device 4 for processing in real time through the first transmitter 18.

[0057] Further, the impact force monitoring device 1 further comprises a first power supply 19, which is electrically connected with the first control board 15. More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the first power supply 19 is a battery, which is electrically connected with the first control board 15 through a terminal post.

[0058] Specifically, referring to Figure 3 , the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 comprises a second housing 21, a sensing member 22, a second vibration sensor 23 and a second control board 24. The sensing member 22 is arranged outside the second housing 21 and is in the form of a hemisphere, with the spherical surface facing away from the bottom of the flow-through area 310. The second control board 24 is arranged inside the second housing 21. The second vibration sensor 23 is connected with the sensing member 22 and is electrically connected with the second control board 24, for monitoring the vibration information of the sensing member 22. The data processing device 4 is electrically connected with the second control board 24.

[0059] In this way, after the T1 stage before the debris flow 300 breaks out, when the debris flow 300 breaks out along the flow-through area 310, at the T2 stage before the debris flow 300 reaches the triaxial stress monitoring device 2, the environmental noise and equipment resonance will cause the sensing member 22 to vibrate. The sensing member 22 is connected with the second vibration sensor 23, and the second vibration sensor 23 converts the vibration information monitored by it into an electrical signal and transmits it to the data processing device 4 for processing, to complete the waveform collection before the debris flow 300 arrives. When at the T3 stage when the debris flow 300 hits the triaxial stress monitoring device 2, the sensing member 22 is subjected to downward normal stress and forward shear stress when the debris flow 300 passes through, and its vibration information is transmitted to the data processing device 4 through the second vibration sensor 23 to obtain the normal stress and shear stress of the debris flow 300 in the monitoring area, until the T4 stage after the debris flow 300 flows through to complete the waveform data collection.

[0060] More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the second housing 21 is made of a lightweight material that is resistant to impact, high pressure and water, and the second control board 24 is an ESP32 development board.

[0061] Further, referring to Figure 3The triaxial stress monitoring device 2 further comprises a second processor 25, a second storage 26 and a second transmitter 27 which are arranged in the second shell 21 and electrically connected with the second control panel 24. The vibration information monitored by the second vibration sensor 23 is processed by the second processor 25 to obtain the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal. The normal stress signal and the shear stress signal are transmitted to the second storage 26 through the second control panel 24 for storage, and can be transmitted to the data processing device 4 through the second transmitter 27 for processing.

[0062] In this way, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal processed by the second processor 25 can be transmitted to the second storage 26 for local storage, so that local data can be retained and the location can be recorded when wireless signal transmission fails, and the second transmitter 27 can transmit the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal to the data processing device 4 in real time for processing.

[0063] Further, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 further comprises a second power supply 28 which is electrically connected with the second control panel 24. More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the second power supply 28 is a storage battery which is electrically connected with the second control panel 24 through a terminal post.

[0064] Specifically, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The pore water pressure monitoring device 3 comprises a third shell 31, a base 32, a pore pressure sensor 33 and a third control panel 34. The base 32 is arranged at the bottom or the sidewall of the flow-through area 310 and is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes 321 for the water in the debris flow 300 to flow in. The third shell 31 is arranged on the base 32 and is arranged corresponding to the water inlet holes 321 and is in communication with the water inlet holes 321. The third shell 31 is provided with a filter 38. The pore pressure sensor 33 is arranged in the third shell 31 and is arranged on the side of the filter 38 away from the water inlet holes 321 and is electrically connected with the third control panel 34 for monitoring the pore water pressure of the debris flow 300. The data processing device 4 is electrically connected with the third control panel 34.

[0065] In this way, when the debris flow 300 passes through the pore water pressure monitoring device 3, the water flow carrying the sand flows into the base 32 from the water inlet holes 321 and seeps into the third shell 31 after being filtered by the filter 38 to exert pressure on the pore pressure sensor 33, so as to monitor the pore water pressure of the debris flow 300 and generate a pore water pressure signal which is transmitted to the data processing device 4 for processing.

[0066] More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the third shell 31 is made of a lightweight material resistant to impact, high pressure and water, the base 32 is made of concrete or metal material, and the third control board 34 is an ESP32 development board.

[0067] Further, referring to Figure 5 , the pore water pressure monitoring device 3 further comprises a third processor 35, a third storage 36 and a third transmitter 37 arranged in the third shell 31 and electrically connected with the third control board 34, the pore water pressure information monitored by the osmotic pressure sensor 33 is processed by the third processor 35 to obtain the pore water pressure signal, the pore water pressure signal is transmitted to the third storage 36 through the third control board 34 for storage, and can be transmitted to the data processing device 4 through the third transmitter 37 for processing.

[0068] In this way, the pore water pressure signal processed by the third processor 35 can be transmitted to the third storage 36 for local storage, so that local data can be retained and the location can be recorded when wireless signal transmission fails, and the third transmitter 37 is used to transmit the pore water pressure signal to the data processing device 4 in real time for processing.

[0069] Further, the pore water pressure monitoring device 3 further comprises a third power supply 39, and the third power supply 39 is electrically connected with the third control board 34. More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the third power supply 39 is a storage battery, and is electrically connected with the second control board 24 through a terminal post.

[0070] Specifically, referring to Figure 5 , the third shell 31 is provided with a water storage chamber, the water storage chamber is arranged on the side of the filter 38 away from the water inlet hole 321, the osmotic pressure sensor 33 is arranged in the water storage chamber, and the third control board 34 is arranged outside the water storage chamber.

[0071] Specifically, since the debris flow 300 carries a large amount of silt, referring to Figure 5 , the filter 38 comprises a coarse sand layer 381 and a fine sand layer 382 arranged in layers, so as to realize secondary filtration, the fine sand layer 382 is arranged on the side of the coarse sand layer 381 away from the water inlet hole 321, and the size of the sand and gravel in the coarse sand layer 381 is greater than the size of the water inlet hole 321, so as to prevent the sand and gravel in the filter 38 from leaking out through the water inlet hole 321.

[0072] It should be noted that the coarse sand layer 381 is formed by stacking coarse sand, and the fine sand layer 382 is formed by stacking fine sand.

[0073] Specifically, referring to Figure 6The data processing device 4 comprises a mounting base 41, a data server 42 and a power supply assembly 43, the mounting base 41 is arranged on the mountain slope 200 outside the debris flow 300 basin, the data server 42 is arranged on the mounting base 41, and the power supply assembly 43 is arranged on the mounting base 41 and comprises a wind power generation unit 431 and a photovoltaic power generation unit 432, the wind power generation unit 431 and the photovoltaic power generation unit 432 are electrically connected with the data server 42 to supply power to the data server 42.

[0074] Thus, the electric signals transmitted by the impact force monitoring device 1, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 and the pore water pressure monitoring device 3 are received in real time through the data service, and the electric signals are processed and decomposed, so that the debris flow 300 is monitored at different positions, different times and different stresses. Meanwhile, since the debris flow 300 is often accompanied by natural disasters such as heavy rain and strong wind, the wind power generation unit 431 can be arranged to generate power, so as to ensure that the data server 42 has sufficient power to work, that is, different power generation modes can be selected according to the actual environment.

[0075] More specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the mounting base 41 is prepared by using concrete.

[0076] Further, referring to Figure 6 The data processing device 4 further comprises a mounting bracket 44, the mounting bracket 44 is arranged on the mounting base 41 and extends in the up-down direction, the wind power generation unit 431 comprises a wind power generation fan 4311 and a wind power generator 4312, the wind power generation fan 4311 is arranged at the top end of the mounting bracket 44 and can rotate relative to the mounting bracket 44 under stress, the wind power generator 4312 is connected with the wind power generation fan 4311 and electrically connected with the data server 42, so as to convert the mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the wind power generation fan 4311 into electric energy and transmit the electric energy to the data server 42 for power supply.

[0077] Further, referring to Figure 6 The photovoltaic power generation unit 432 comprises a photovoltaic power generation panel 4321, the photovoltaic power generation panel 4321 is arranged on the mounting bracket 44 and located below the wind power generation fan 4311 and electrically connected with the data server 42, so as to convert solar energy into electric energy and transmit the electric energy to the data server 42 for power supply.

[0078] More specifically, the mounting bracket 44 is prepared by using a lightweight and high-strength material to ensure sufficient support strength.

[0079] Specifically, the impact force monitoring device 1, the triaxial stress monitoring device 2 and the pore water pressure monitoring device 3 further comprise 5G signal transmitters, which can transmit the positions of the devices in real time.

[0080] The application further provides a debris flow multi-stress monitoring method, which is suitable for the debris flow multi-stress monitoring system described above, and please refer to Figure 7 The debris flow multi-stress monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0081] Step S100: setting an impact force monitoring device, a triaxial stress monitoring device and a pore water pressure monitoring device in a to-be-monitored area where a debris flow may occur, and setting a data processing device outside the to-be-monitored area.

[0082] In this step, the impact force monitoring device is arranged on the side wall of the debris flow flow-through area or on the upstream side of the dam body, and the sensing plate of the impact force monitoring device faces the flow-through area; the triaxial stress monitoring device is arranged on the bottom of the debris flow flow-through area and is fixed by concrete, more specifically, a square pit with a size of about 20cm*20cm*20cm is formed on the bottom of the flow-through area for accommodating part of the triaxial stress monitoring device and being fixed by concrete; and the pore water pressure monitoring device is arranged on the bottom or side wall of the debris flow flow-through area and is fixed by concrete.

[0083] Step S200: monitoring the impact stress of the debris flow by the impact force monitoring device and generating an impact stress signal, monitoring the normal stress and shear stress of the debris flow by the triaxial stress monitoring device and generating a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal, and monitoring the pore water pressure of the debris flow by the pore water pressure monitoring device and generating a pore water pressure signal.

[0084] Step S300: processing and decomposing the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal by the data processing device, and comparing the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal, the shear stress signal and the pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain.

[0085] Further, the step S300 specifically comprises:

[0086] Step S310: removing noise in the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal by the data server of the data processing device, and obtaining a high-frequency stress signal and a low-frequency stress signal by decomposing the signal after noise removal.

[0087] More specifically, the step S310 specifically comprises:

[0088] Step S311, decompose the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal into intrinsic mode functions and residual variables by using the empirical mode decomposition method.

[0089] It should be noted that the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is based on a fixed time scale of energy sequence, and each monitored stress signal is decomposed into a fixed average pressure and local fluctuations from different sources according to the signal frequency from high to low.

[0090] The intrinsic mode function (IMF) is a complex signal decomposed into a limited number of zero average oscillation components, i.e. IMFs, by EMD without the need for basis function selection.

[0091] In step S311, the stress signal (including the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal and the shear stress signal) is decomposed by EMD into a fixed average pressure from low frequency caused by liquid impact, a fixed average pressure from high frequency caused by coarse particle collision, and a residual variable (R, which can be a constant or a function) caused by environmental noise, ground resonance, etc.:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula, is the stress signal at a certain time;

[0094] is the i th ;

[0095] n is the total number of stress signals.

[0096] It should be noted that the stress signal should include four stages: T1 stage before the debris flow outbreak, T2 stage before the debris flow reaches the monitoring device, T3 stage during the debris flow impact on the monitoring device, and T4 stage after the debris flow flows, and the stress signals collected in the four stages are decomposed by EMD in step S311, so that the noise, resonance and other interference terms in the stress signal can be removed.

[0097] Step S312, convert the intrinsic mode functions from time domain to frequency domain by using fast Fourier transform, and obtain the overall frequency spectrum and the residual containing frequency band and amplitude.

[0098] Step S313, add the first high-frequency intrinsic mode function and the second high-frequency intrinsic mode function, and add the remaining low-frequency intrinsic mode functions, and then convert the added signals into power spectral density.

[0099] In this step, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are called twice, the first time is used to obtain the overall spectrum of the intrinsic mode function (IMF) and the residual, the second time is used to obtain the spectrum of the above four stages, for distinguishing and separating the signal source and the residual of the intrinsic mode function (IMF), and the power spectral density (PSD) of the stress signal in different stages is obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT):

[0100] ;

[0101] ;

[0102] ;

[0103] In the formula, ω is the angular frequency, and f is the frequency.

[0104] It should be noted that through many experiments, it is obtained that the main frequency of IMF8 is lower than 0.5Hz, which is only 0.025% of the sampling frequency, so the 8 IMF components are sufficient to describe the stress signal, that is 8 can be taken.

[0105] Step S314, the fluctuations caused by noise and the like, the fluctuations caused by high frequency and low frequency are extracted, and the high-frequency stress signal and the low-frequency stress signal are obtained.

[0106] Step S320, the impact stress signal, the normal stress signal, the shear stress signal and the pore water pressure signal are integrated in a preset time domain by the data server for comparison.

[0107] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present application, and direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring multiple stresses of debris flow, suitable for a debris flow multiple stress monitoring system, characterized in that, The mud flow multi-stress monitoring system comprises: at least one impact force monitoring device arranged on the side wall of the flow passage of the mud flow to monitor the impact stress of the mud flow and generate an impact stress signal; at least one triaxial stress monitoring device arranged on the bottom of the flow passage to monitor the normal stress and shear stress of the mud flow and generate a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal; at least one pore water pressure monitoring device arranged on the bottom or side wall of the flow passage to monitor the pore water pressure of the mud flow and generate a pore water pressure signal; and a data processing device arranged on the mountain slope outside the mud flow basin and electrically connected with the impact force monitoring device, the triaxial stress monitoring device and the pore water pressure monitoring device to integrate the received impact stress signal, normal stress signal, shear stress signal and pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain for comparison. The mud flow multi-stress monitoring method comprises the following steps: S100, arranging an impact force monitoring device, a triaxial stress monitoring device and a pore water pressure monitoring device in the monitored area where the mud flow is likely to occur, and arranging a data processing device outside the monitored area; S200, monitoring the impact stress of the mud flow by the impact force monitoring device and generating an impact stress signal, monitoring the normal stress and shear stress of the mud flow by the triaxial stress monitoring device and generating a normal stress signal and a shear stress signal, and monitoring the pore water pressure of the mud flow by the pore water pressure monitoring device and generating a pore water pressure signal; S300, processing and decomposing the impact stress signal, normal stress signal and shear stress signal by the data processing device, and integrating the impact stress signal, normal stress signal, shear stress signal and pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain for comparison; S300 specifically comprises: S310, removing noise in the impact stress signal, normal stress signal and shear stress signal by the data server of the data processing device, and decomposing the signal after noise removal to obtain a high-frequency stress signal and a low-frequency stress signal; S320, integrating the impact stress signal, normal stress signal, shear stress signal and pore water pressure signal in a preset time domain for comparison by the data server; S310 specifically comprises: S311, decomposing the impact stress signal, normal stress signal and shear stress signal into intrinsic mode functions and residual variables by an empirical mode decomposition method, wherein the stress signal comprises the impact stress signal, normal stress signal and shear stress signal, and can be decomposed into a low-frequency fixed average pressure from liquid impact, a high-frequency fixed average pressure from coarse particle collision and residual variables caused by environmental noise, ground resonance, etc. by EMD, and the stress signal contains four stages: T1 stage before the mud flow outbreak, T2 stage before the mud flow reaches the monitoring device, T3 stage during the mud flow impact on the monitoring device and T4 stage after the mud flow flows through. Step S312, the intrinsic mode function is converted from time domain to frequency domain by using fast Fourier transform, and the overall frequency spectrum and residual error containing frequency band and amplitude are obtained; Step S313, the first high-frequency intrinsic mode function and the second high-frequency intrinsic mode function are added, and the remaining low-frequency intrinsic mode functions are added, and then the added signals are converted into power spectrum density; Step S314, the fluctuations caused by noise and the like, high-frequency and low-frequency fluctuations are extracted, and high-frequency stress signals and low-frequency stress signals are obtained.

2. The method for monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact force monitoring device comprises a first shell, a sensing plate, an elastic member, a first vibration sensor and a first control board, the sensing plate is arranged outside the first shell and faces the flow-through area, the first control board is arranged in the first shell, one end of the elastic member is connected with the sensing plate, the other end is connected with the first control board, the first vibration sensor is connected with the elastic member and is electrically connected with the first control board, and is used for monitoring vibration information of the sensing plate and generating the impact stress signal; The data processing device is electrically connected with the first control board.

3. The method for monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact force monitoring device further comprises a first processor, a first storage and a first transmitter which are arranged in the first shell and are electrically connected with the first control board, the vibration information monitored by the first vibration sensor is processed by the first processor to obtain the impact stress signal, the impact stress signal is transmitted to the first storage through the first control board for storage, and can be transmitted to the data processing device for processing through the first transmitter.

4. The method of monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 1, characterised in that, The three-axis stress monitoring device comprises a second shell, a sensing member, a second vibration sensor and a second control board, the sensing member is arranged outside the second shell and is in the form of a hemisphere, and the spherical surface of the sensing member faces the bottom of the flow-through area, the second control board is arranged in the second shell, the second vibration sensor is connected with the sensing member and is electrically connected with the second control board, and is used for monitoring vibration information of the sensing member; The data processing device is electrically connected with the second control board.

5. The method of monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 1, characterised in that, The pore water pressure monitoring device comprises a third shell, a base, a osmotic pressure sensor and a third control board, the base is arranged at the bottom or sidewall of the flow-through area and is provided with a plurality of water inlet holes for water in the debris flow to flow in, the third shell is arranged on the base and is arranged corresponding to the water inlet holes and is in communication with the water inlet holes, a filtering member is arranged in the third shell, the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged in the third shell and is arranged on the side of the filtering member away from the water inlet holes and is electrically connected with the third control board, and is used for monitoring the pore water pressure of the debris flow; The data processing device is electrically connected with the third control board.

6. The method of monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 5, characterised in that, A water storage chamber is arranged in the third shell, the water storage chamber is arranged on the side of the filtering member away from the water inlet holes, the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged in the water storage chamber, and the third control board is arranged outside the water storage chamber.

7. The method of monitoring of the mudflow according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter comprises a coarse sand layer and a fine sand layer arranged in a stack, the fine sand layer is arranged on the side of the coarse sand layer away from the water inlet hole, and the size of the sand in the coarse sand layer is greater than the size of the water inlet hole.

8. The method of monitoring of a mudflow according to claim 1, characterised in that, The data processing device comprises: a mounting seat arranged on a hillside outside the debris flow basin; a data server arranged on the mounting seat; and a power supply assembly arranged on the mounting seat, comprising a wind power generation unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit are electrically connected with the data server to supply power to the data server.

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