Ecological river and lake gastropod three-dimensional stocking structure and stocking method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological stocking of aquatic animals, in particular to an ecological river and lake gastropod three-dimensional stocking structure and method. The stocking structure comprises a spiral fixing base and is composed of a spiral structure, a top cover, a base and a feeding channel, the feeding channel is formed in the axial center of the spiral structure, a plurality of holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the feeding channel and communicated with the spiral structure, and the two ends of the feeding channel are detachably connected with the top cover and the base respectively; the plurality of spiral fixing bases can be transversely or longitudinally spliced and combined; and the mesh enclosure is detachably mounted on the periphery of the spiral fixing base and wraps the spiral structure. The stocking structure is suitable for most ecological rivers and lakes, the detachable structure is convenient to use, and the activity space of the gastropods is increased; the stocking process is fully monitored, and stocking measures are adjusted in time. Through scientific structural design, stocking site selection and daily management, efficient and eco-friendly gastropod stocking is achieved, and sustainable development of species resource quantity recovery and ecological restoration is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological stocking of aquatic animals, and particularly to a three-dimensional stocking structure and method for gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes. Background Art

[0002] Due to the small water exchange volume in plateau lakes, coupled with the fact that non-point source pollutants from urban areas, agriculture, etc. converge into the lake along with surface runoff, the eutrophication of the lake body is serious, and the water body and sediment are polluted to varying degrees. As an important part of benthic animals, gastropods play an important role in participating in the energy flow link, material cycle, and maintaining the ecological balance of water areas. However, affected by water environmental pollution, water ecological degradation, alien species invasion, and increasing grazing pressure, the wild resources of gastropods in natural rivers and lakes have significantly decreased. Existing research shows that gastropods play a significant role in purifying water quality and controlling the density of water body algae. Gastropods at an appropriate density can also effectively remove ammonium salts, nitrates, nitrites in the water body, reduce pollutant concentrations, and improve water transparency. In eutrophic freshwater lakes, it is one of the more common ecological manipulation measures to promote the ecological restoration of lakes by increasing the stocking of mollusk populations such as gastropods and bivalves to improve the eutrophic state of the lake and control the density of phytoplankton. However, usually due to poor water body background conditions, grazing pressure and other reasons, the effect of direct increased stocking is not good.

[0003] Existing captive structures for gastropods are mostly flat or cage-like structures, and are mostly breeding devices designed and produced for intensive breeding of gastropods. Their utilization rate of the three-dimensional space of the water body is low, which limits the breeding efficiency and water purification ability of gastropods. There is no specific device suitable for the stocking of gastropods in the process of ecological river and lake treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to design corresponding gastropod stocking devices and methods according to the specific needs of ecological river and lake treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the stocking and proliferation effect of gastropods and thus improve the water environment of ecological rivers and lakes, on the one hand, the present invention provides a three-dimensional stocking structure for gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes, including:

[0005] A spiral fixing base, which consists of a spiral structure, a top cover, a bottom base, and a feeding channel. The spiral structure provides a growth space for gastropods. A feeding channel is provided at the axial center of the spiral structure. A number of pores are opened on the peripheral wall of the feeding channel, which communicate with the spiral structure. The two ends of the feeding channel are detachably connected to the top cover and the bottom base respectively; multiple said spiral fixing bases can be horizontally or vertically spliced and combined;

[0006] A net cover, which is detachably installed on the periphery of the spiral fixing base and covers the spiral structure.

[0007] Further, the spiral structure is an integrally formed spiral blade type, the projection of the blade is square, and gastropods are attached to each layer of the blade.

[0008] Further, the surface of the blades of the spiral structure is provided with concave and convex textures to simulate a sandy bottom substrate.

[0009] Further, the sizes of the top cover and the base are the same as the projected size of the blades in the spiral structure.

[0010] Further, the lower end of the feeding channel is inserted to half of the base, and the upper end extends out of half of the thickness of the top cover. The top cover and the base have the same thickness. The longitudinal stacking between the spiral fixing bases is realized through the cooperation of the feeding channel with the top cover and the base; both ends of the mesh cover are respectively clamped with the top cover and the base. After the spiral fixing bases are horizontally aligned, the adjacent top covers are clamped with each other, and the bases are also clamped with each other, thereby realizing horizontal connection.

[0011] Further, the spiral fixing base is made of one material selected from polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactic acid, and chitosan.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for three-dimensional stocking of gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes, including the following steps:

[0013] (1) Species selection and site selection

[0014] According to the water environment, select suitable gastropod species and their stocking specifications for stocking, and select a suitable stocking location;

[0015] (2) Assembly of the stocking structure

[0016] According to the stocking target selected in step (1) and the water area conditions of the stocking location, estimate the stocking quantity, and then determine the size of the stocking structure, and select the corresponding spiral fixing base for assembly in a suitable manner;

[0017] (3) Cultivation of bait organisms

[0018] Put the assembled stocking structure into the selected water area to attach algae to cultivate bait organisms;

[0019] (4) Stocking of gastropods

[0020] Open the mesh cover in the stocking structure and release gastropod organisms;

[0021] (5) Maintenance

[0022] Monitor the whole process of stocking and take corresponding measures to ensure the stocking effect.

[0023] Further, the indigenous species in the original natural water body are preferably selected for species selection, and the suitable stocking sections are selected by comprehensively considering factors such as water temperature, salinity, PH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutants in the water area.

[0024] Further, when the attachment effect of the bait organisms is not good, algal seeds or nutrients can be input from the upper end of the central cylinder to accelerate the attachment of algae.

[0025] Further, during the stocking process, monitor the food resource situation and the situation of being infected by diseases; regularly evaluate the density of gastropod resources in the stocking structure and make adjustments and allocations; regularly evaluate the growth of submerged plants around the gastropod stocking area and manage the density of submerged plants; regularly clean the obvious pollutants around the net cover; regularly monitor the impact of the stocking activities on the surrounding ecology and adjust the aquaculture strategy in a timely manner.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] The three-dimensional stocking structure designed by the present invention is applicable to most ecological rivers and lakes. The horizontally and vertically expandable structure increases the actual three-dimensional activity space of gastropods, enabling them to cope with hydrological fluctuations and improve water utilization rate through space conversion. The rough surface treatment of the stocking structure simulates the physical conditions of the bottom substrate, creating attachment conditions for attached organisms such as algae, microorganisms, and humus debris, and providing natural aquaculture food resources for gastropods. The gastropod stocking structure and stocking method of the present invention achieve efficient and eco-friendly gastropod stocking through scientific structure design, stocking site selection, and daily management, etc., and realize the sustainable development of parallel restoration of species resource quantity and ecological restoration. Description of the drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a spiral fixing base in an embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a spiral fixing base (excluding the top cover and the base) in another embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the peripheral net structure;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection point buckle structure;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the base structure;

[0033] Each label in the figure: 1 - spiral fixing base, 2 - net cover, 11 - spiral structure, 12 - top cover, 13 - base, 14 - feeding channel, 3 - clamping structure, 31 - slot, 32 - clamping part. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment

[0036] In one embodiment, a three-dimensional stocking structure for gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes includes a spiral fixing base 1. The spiral fixing base 1 is a detachable structure. For example, Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a spiral structure 11, a top cover 12, a base 13, and a feeding channel 14. The spiral structure 11 provides a growth space for gastropods. The spiral structure is an integrally formed spiral blade type, and gastropods attach to each layer of the blades. The spacing between the blades is mainly determined according to the adult size of gastropod animals, generally 2.5 - 3 times the height of the spiral shell after the gastropods become adults. The spiral blade type provides an effective habitat space for gastropods, and at the same time can promote the movement of gastropods, which is beneficial to their growth.

[0037] A feeding channel 14 is provided at the axial center of the spiral structure 11. A number of pores are opened on the peripheral wall of the feeding channel 14, which communicate with the spiral structure 11, facilitating the entry of food and drugs between the blades after being put in. The two ends of the feeding channel 14 are detachably connected to the top cover 12 and the base 13 respectively. The top cover 12 and the base 13 close the two ends of the spiral structure 11, ensuring the safety during the stocking process of gastropods. At the same time, the detachable method is adopted, which is convenient for operations such as assembly, cleaning, and feeding.

[0038] The stocking structure further includes an outer net cover 2. The net cover 2 is detachably installed outside the spiral fixing base 1 to cover the spiral structure 11. Algae can attach to the net cover 2, ensuring the basic nutrition of gastropods during the stocking process and also ensuring the safety of gastropod stocking. A detachable connection method is adopted between the net cover 2 and the spiral fixing base 1, which is convenient for the release of gastropods during stocking, as well as the cleaning and maintenance of the net cover 2.

[0039] In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the longitudinal projection of the blades of the spiral structure is a square. Among them, the sizes of the top cover 12 and the base 13 are the same as the projected size of the blades in the spiral structure 11, and they are also squares, which can maximize the use of space for the growth of gastropods.

[0040] The two ends of the feeding channel 14 are detachably connected to the top cover 12 and the base 13 respectively by means of plugging, clamping, etc. Specifically, the lower end of the feeding channel 14 is inserted into the base 13 to 1 / 2 of its depth, and the upper end extends out of 1 / 2 of the thickness of the top cover 12. The top cover 12 and the base 13 have the same thickness. Through holes are opened at the centers of the top cover 12 and the base 13. The feeding channel 14 is a circular tube with openings at both ends. During longitudinal assembly, the upper end of the feeding channel 14 of the lower spiral fixing base extends out of the top cover 12 and then is inserted into the base 13 of the spiral fixing base located above. In this way, the feeding channels 14 of adjacent upper and lower layers are vertically aligned and communicated, so as to realize the longitudinal multi-level stacking placement of the spiral fixing bases 1 through the cooperation of the feeding channel 14 with the top cover 12 and the base 13. The cross-sectional shape of the feeding channel 14 can also be rectangular, rhombic, trapezoidal or other irregular polygon shapes, which are not limited here.

[0041] The wire mesh cover 2 is as Figure 3 shown, set as a rectangle, with a total of 4 pieces. The two ends of the wire mesh cover 2 are respectively clamped to the top cover 12 and the base 13, covering the periphery of the spiral structure 11.

[0042] Specifically, clamping structures 3 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the wire mesh cover 2. One end is provided with a slot 31, and the other end is provided with a protruding clamping part 32. Corresponding clamping structures are respectively arranged around the base 13 and the top cover 12. The protruding clamping part 32 in the clamping structure 3 is inserted into the slot 31 to form a stable connection as Figure 4 shown, so as to fix the two ends of the 4 wire mesh covers 2. The clamping form can adopt other methods without limitation, or not limited to clamping, and common detachable methods such as screw connection can also be adopted, which will not be elaborated here.

[0043] As Figure 5 shown, among the four side edges of the base 13, slots 31 are arranged on one group of adjacent two sides, and clamping parts 32 are arranged on the other two sides. Corresponding structures are arranged on the corresponding side edges of the top cover 12 and the base 13, that is, clamping parts 32 are arranged on the two side edges of the top cover 12 corresponding to the slots 31 of the base 13, and slots 31 are arranged on the two side edges of the top cover 12 corresponding to the clamping parts 32 of the base 13. When performing horizontal splicing, the spiral fixing bases 1 are horizontally aligned. At this time, the wire mesh covers 2 are not assembled around each spiral fixing base 1. Just the slots 31 correspond to the clamping parts 32 between adjacent bases 13, and the adjacent top covers 12 also just form a clamping structure, realizing the horizontal clamping between the spiral fixing bases 1. After all the spiral fixing bases 1 are connected, the wire mesh covers 2 can be assembled on the outermost periphery, thus realizing the horizontal connection between the spiral fixing bases 1.

[0044] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the stocking structure realizes a detachable modular assembly method, realizes the horizontal splicing and vertical stacking of the stocking structure, forms a larger stocking space, and meets the stocking requirements. Through the three-dimensional stocking structure in this example, the stocking amount of gastropods per unit area is increased, and the utilization rate of the water body space is improved.

[0045] In addition, in order to more realistically simulate the living environment of gastropods, millimeter-level concave-convex textures can be sprayed on the surface of the spiral structure 11 to create a rough structure to simulate the sandy bottom, increase the area of the biological attachment base, and at the same time improve the attachment effect of periphytic algae and microorganisms.

[0046] Since the stocking device is used in water areas, environmentally friendly materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), or natural polymers such as chitosan need to be selected, and a non-toxic ecological coating can be applied on the surface, so as to reduce the environmental pollution and ecological impact caused by long-term use.

[0047] Based on the above stocking device, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional stocking method for gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes is further described in detail, including the following steps:

[0048] (1) Species selection and site selection

[0049] According to the water environment, select suitable gastropod species for stocking and choose a suitable stocking location. This embodiment takes plateau lakes as an example for detailed description. Yunnan is located on the plateau, and its plateau lakes are typical representatives of fault-structured lakes in China and are of important ecological and economic value. With the change of the environment, the populations of endemic gastropods in plateau lakes, such as Bellamya, Tchangmargarya, Annularius, etc., have severely declined, and the reduction of aquatic vegetation coverage has further accelerated the extinction of endemic genera.

[0050] Therefore, when stocking, it is preferred to select the above-mentioned native and rare species. Then determine the suitable stocking waters according to the selected species. Generally, it is selected to be placed in shallow waters, specifically in waters with relatively slow water flow speeds. The stocking waters should ensure that abiotic conditions such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, pollutants (including pollution by nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, etc.) meet the comprehensive survival requirements of gastropods; at the same time, select river and lake areas with little human activity interference to avoid the impacts of engineering construction, pollutant discharge, and artificial fishing, etc.; conduct an assessment of alien species to ensure that the impacts of alien species are controllable.

[0051] (2) Assembly of the stocking structure

[0052] According to the stocking target selected in step (1) and the water conditions of the stocking location, estimate the stocking quantity, and then determine the size of the stocking structure, and select the corresponding spiral fixing base for assembly in a suitable manner. Since the stocking structure adopts a modular structure, after determining the total stocking quantity, first estimate the quantity that can be stocked on the spiral fixing base, and then carry out the assembly. According to the quantity to be stocked and the water conditions, it can be scattered for placement, or assembled horizontally and vertically to make it more in line with the activity requirements of the selected species.

[0053] (3) Cultivation of bait organisms

[0054] Put the assembled stocking structure into the selected waters to allow it to attach algae to cultivate bait organisms. Usually, the stocking structure is vertically placed as shown in Figure 1 without taking additional fixing methods. Since a water area with gentle water flow is selected, and the three-dimensional connection method of the stocking structure itself can cope with general hydrological fluctuations. Or it can also be placed in the sediment and stones in shallow waters to ensure its basic stability and not be easily affected by water movement, while being convenient for observation and operation.

[0055] When the water body is lean and the attachment effect of bait organisms is not good, algal seeds or nutrient medium can also be put into the upper end of the feeding channel 14 to accelerate the attachment of algae, or the stocking position can be adjusted.

[0056] (4) Stocking of gastropods

[0057] Open the net cover 2 in the stocking structure and release gastropod organisms. For the stocking structure shown in this embodiment, just open the net cover 2 on one side.

[0058] (5) Maintenance

[0059] Monitor the whole process of stocking and take corresponding measures to ensure the stocking effect.

[0060] During the stocking process, it is necessary to monitor the food resource situation in a timely manner. Appropriate bait organisms should be provided during the food shortage period or the critical development period to ensure sufficient food and nutrition; slow-release drugs should be provided during the period vulnerable to epidemic diseases to control the impact of diseases in the critical period. It is also necessary to regularly evaluate the density of gastropod resources in the structure and make adjustments and allocations; regularly evaluate the growth of submerged plants and manage the density of submerged plants; regularly clean the obvious pollutants around the net cover to prevent dirt from blocking the mesh and affecting water body exchange; regularly monitor the impact of stocking activities on the surrounding ecology and timely adjust the breeding strategy to ensure that the breeding activities will not cause negative ecological impacts on the ecological river and lake. According to the reproductive cycle of the stocked animals, after the end of a reproductive cycle, the density of the temporarily stocked animals should be appropriately checked and they should be caged in time to ensure that the density in the device is appropriate and does not exceed the design capacity.

[0061] The method of the present invention meets the need for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes by using gastropods, effectively improving the three-dimensional purification ability of the water body. In addition, the metabolic wastes generated by the stocked animals are effectively absorbed and utilized by the surrounding submerged vegetation, reducing the diffusion into the natural water body.

[0062] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims

1. The three-dimensional stocking structure of ecological river and lake gastropods is characterized by: include: The spiral fixing base is composed of a spiral structure, a top cover, a base, and a feeding channel. The spiral structure provides a growth space for gastropods. The feeding channel is arranged at the axial center of the spiral structure. A plurality of holes are opened on the peripheral wall of the feeding channel, which are connected to the spiral structure. The two ends of the feeding channel are detachably connected to the top cover and the base respectively. A plurality of the spiral fixing bases can be spliced ​​and combined horizontally or vertically. The mesh cover can be detachably installed on the outer periphery of the spiral fixing base to cover the spiral structure.

2. The ecological river and lake gastropod three-dimensional stocking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral structure is an integrally formed spiral blade type, the blade projection is a square, and the gastropod is attached to each layer of the blade.

3. The ecological three-dimensional stocking structure for gastropods in rivers and lakes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface of the blade of the spiral structure is provided with a concave-convex texture to simulate the sand and gravel bottom.

4. The ecological river and lake gastropod three-dimensional stocking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sizes of the top cover and the base are consistent with the projection size of the blades in the spiral structure.

5. The ecological three-dimensional stocking structure for gastropods in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the feeding channel is inserted into 1 / 2 of the base, and the upper end extends out of 1 / 2 of the thickness of the top cover. The thickness of the top cover and the base are consistent. The longitudinal stacking of the spiral fixing bases is achieved through the cooperation of the feeding channel with the top cover and the bottom cover; the two ends of the mesh cover are respectively clamped with the top cover and the base. After the spiral fixing bases are horizontally aligned, the adjacent top covers are clamped, and the bases are also clamped, so as to achieve horizontal connection.

6. The ecological three-dimensional gastropod stocking structure for rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral fixing base is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate, polylactic acid and chitosan.

7. A three-dimensional stocking method for gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Species selection and site selection According to the water environment, select the gastropod species suitable for stocking and choose the appropriate stocking location; (2) Assembly of stocking structure According to the stocking target selected in step (1) and the water conditions of the stocking location, the stocking quantity is estimated, and then the size of the stocking structure is determined, and the corresponding spiral fixing base is selected for appropriate assembly; (3) Bait organism cultivation The assembled stocking structure is put into the selected waters to allow algae to attach and cultivate bait organisms; (4) Gastropod stocking Open the net cover in the culture structure and release the gastropods; (5) Maintenance Monitor the entire stocking process and take corresponding measures to ensure the stocking effect.

8. The method for three-dimensional stocking of gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: When selecting species, priority should be given to native species in natural water bodies, and suitable areas for stocking should be selected based on comprehensive consideration of water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and pollutants.

9. The method for three-dimensional stocking of gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the attachment effect of bait organisms is not good, algae seeds or nutrient medium can be put into the upper end of the central cylinder to accelerate the attachment of algae.

10. The method for three-dimensional stocking of gastropods in ecological rivers and lakes according to claim 7, characterized in that: Monitor food resources and disease infection during stocking; regularly assess the density of gastropod resources in the stocking structure and adjust the allocation; regularly assess the growth of submerged plants around gastropod stocking and manage the density of submerged plants; regularly clean up obvious pollutants around the nets; regularly monitor the impact of stocking activities on the surrounding ecology and adjust the breeding strategy in a timely manner.

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