Investigation method for main pollination distance of camellia oleifera forest pollination honeybee

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of investigation methods of main pollination distance of oil tea forest pollination honeybee, comprising the following steps: using artificial marking dye method to mark honeybee, marked honeybee carries out honey gathering pollination in oil tea forest, by setting distance beehive different range 0-20m, 20-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m, 200-300m, 300-400m, 400m above, using trapping device method and sample plot visual investigation method combination, continuously investigate three days, respectively statistics the number of honeybee with marker in different range, draw the distribution curve of honey number with distance change, determine the main pollination distance of honeybee in oil tea forest;The application is low in cost, simple to operate, little interference to honeybee behavior, data is intuitive and reliable, can provide reliable basis for precise layout beehive, assess pollination service value, it is effective combination of traditional method and practical demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of agricultural ecology and insect pollination technology, and in particular to a method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests, which is used to scientifically assess the main pollination activity range of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, to increase the yield of camellia oleifera forests, operators are promoting pollination by artificially introducing and cultivating pollinating insects (such as honeybees). Different honeybees have different pollination distances; for example, the Chinese honeybee can pollinate up to 2 kilometers, while the Italian honeybee can pollinate over 3 kilometers. However, under conditions of abundant nectar sources, the primary pollination range of honeybees is not clearly defined. Therefore, accurately determining the effective pollination distance of the main pollinating insects is crucial for optimizing the spatial layout of camellia oleifera forests and improving pollination service efficiency. Furthermore, when managing large-scale camellia oleifera plantations, the correct placement of beehives is of great significance in maximizing honeybee pollination efficiency.

[0003] Current technologies for determining pollination distance include fluorescent markers, molecular markers, and GPS tracking, but these technologies are not yet mature. Furthermore, these methods have significant drawbacks in their application in Camellia oleifera plantations. For example, fluorescent markers require manual labeling of large quantities of pollen and microscopic observation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to environmental interference (such as rain erosion). While molecular markers offer high precision, they are expensive and require specialized molecular biology equipment, making large-scale field application difficult. Additionally, the long germination cycle of Camellia oleifera seeds (typically over a year) makes rapid verification of pollination effectiveness challenging. GPS tracking technology, limited by the size and weight of the GPS chip, can also introduce errors due to the potential for device weight to alter bee flight behavior. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests includes the following specific steps:

[0007] S1: Preparation of the marking dye: Select blue non-toxic latex paint and pure water at a volume ratio of 1:14, and filter through gauze to prepare the dye solution;

[0008] S2: Bee marking method determined:

[0009] S21: Fill the air pressure spray bottle with the dye solution, take out the honeycomb in the hive one by one, and spray the honeycomb in the hive evenly between 10:00 and 14:00 on a sunny day. The amount of each spray is set to 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL / comb, for a total of 4 treatments. Spray 2 honeycomb in each treatment, spray once a day for two consecutive days.

[0010] S22: After 48 hours of treatment, the staining rate and mortality rate of bees under different treatments were statistically analyzed. The specific formula is as follows:

[0011] Staining rate (%) = (Number of stained bees / Total number of bees) × 100

[0012] Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead bees / Total number of bees) × 100;

[0013] S23: According to the survey results, as the spraying amount increases, the bee staining rate and mortality rate gradually increase. When the spraying amount is greater than 10ml / frame, the staining rate reaches more than 97%, and the increase is not significant thereafter. When the spraying amount reaches 20ml / frame, the bee mortality rate reaches 6.25%. Therefore, it is determined that when the spraying amount is 10-15ml / frame, it can ensure a high staining rate while reducing bee mortality.

[0014] S3: Gradient survey area setting: Centered on the beehive, divide the area into 7 gradient zones: 0-20m, 20-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m, 200-300m, 300-400m, and above 400m. Set up 3 standard sample plot observation points in each gradient zone.

[0015] S4: Composite Survey Method:

[0016] S41: Trapping device method: Set up 6 trapping devices in each gradient zone (2 devices per plot), add the trapping agent and leave them continuously for 48 hours, and count the number of tagged bees captured;

[0017] S42: Visual survey method for sample plots: One observer is assigned to each gradient zone. From 10:00 to 14:00 every day, the observer randomly surveys the bees visiting flowers in the sample plots. The observer observes the bees marked with blue marks within the field of vision and counts the number. The survey is conducted for three consecutive days.

[0018] S5: Data Analysis: After the two survey methods are completed, the total number of marked bees in each gradient zone is counted, and the distribution curve of bee numbers as a function of distance is plotted. Based on the inflection point or significant change point of the distribution curve, the main pollination distance of bees in the camellia oleifera forest is determined.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the gauze has a mesh size of 300 mesh, and the dye solution is filtered twice to ensure the uniformity and stability of the dye solution.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S21, the nozzle diameter of the air pressure sprayer is 0.5mm, the spray pressure is 0.2MPa, and the spraying distance is 20-30cm.

[0021] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S22, three 10cm×10cm quadrats are set up for each honeycomb, and the situation of bees in the quadrats is counted.

[0022] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the size of the standard sample plot is 10m×10m.

[0023] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S41, the trapping device is a device composed of yellow trapping discs with added attractant. The spacing between the traps is 6-10m and the height is 2.0m. For details, refer to the trapping device in ZL202410545068.1.

[0024] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, a dual-source data fusion algorithm is used to calculate the weight values ​​of each gradient band: W = α·N1 + β·N2

[0025] Where W is the weight value, N1 is the number of marked bees counted by the trapping method, N2 is the number of marked bees counted by the visual survey method, and α and β are the weight coefficients of the trapping device method and the visual survey method, respectively, α=0.6 and β=0.4.

[0026] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in the distribution curve of the weight value W, the distance corresponding to the inflection point is the main pollination distance threshold of the pollinating bees.

[0027] As a further technical solution of the present invention, it is applicable to the study of bee pollination behavior in camellia oleifera forests, orchards and other economic forest distribution areas.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. Low cost and easy to operate: Only dyes, trapping devices and basic statistical tools are needed, without the need for expensive equipment; the marking and counting process does not require professional training and can be completed by ordinary farmers or technicians, making it suitable for grassroots promotion.

[0030] 2. Minimal interference with bee behavior: The weight of the dye tag can be controlled at 1-2 milligrams (far less than 5% of the bee's body weight), which hardly affects flight and pollen collection efficiency; unlike electronic tags, dye tags do not require binding or implantation into devices, avoiding damage to bee limbs or shortening lifespan.

[0031] 3. Intuitive and reliable data: By statistically analyzing the number of pollinators captured at different distances (0-400m), a clear "pollen density-distance" curve can be plotted, identifying the peak range. Furthermore, the combination of trapping (quantitative) and visual inspection (qualitative) methods reduces the error of a single method (e.g., missed pollinators at close range or reduced trapping efficiency at long range). Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 To mark the dye spraying operation diagram;

[0033] Figure 2 Image showing the effect of dyeing a bee;

[0034] Figure 3 A distribution curve of bee populations as a function of distance;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0037] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 A method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests includes the following specific steps:

[0038] S1: Preparation of the marking dye: Select blue non-toxic latex paint and pure water at a volume ratio of 1:14, filter through gauze (300 mesh) (twice) to make the dye solution, so as to ensure the uniformity and stability of the dye solution.

[0039] S2: Bee marking method determined:

[0040] S21: Fill a pneumatic spray bottle with the dye solution (nozzle diameter 0.5mm, spray pressure 0.2MPa, spraying distance 20-30cm). Take out the honeycomb in the hive one by one and spray it evenly on the honeycomb in the hive between 10:00 and 14:00 on a sunny day. The amount of each spray is set to 5, 10, 15, and 20mL / comb, for a total of 4 treatments. Spray 2 honeycomb in each treatment. Spray once a day for two consecutive days.

[0041] S22: After 48 hours of treatment, the staining rate and mortality rate of bees under different treatments were statistically analyzed (three 10cm×10cm quadrats were set up for each honeycomb, and the bee situation within the quadrats was statistically analyzed). The specific formula is as follows:

[0042] Staining rate (%) = (Number of stained bees / Total number of bees) × 100

[0043] Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead bees / Total number of bees) × 100;

[0044] S23: According to the survey results, as the spraying amount increases, the bee staining rate and mortality rate gradually increase. When the spraying amount is greater than 10ml / frame, the staining rate reaches more than 97%, and the increase is not significant thereafter. When the spraying amount reaches 20ml / frame, the bee mortality rate reaches 6.25%. Therefore, it is determined that when the spraying amount is 10-15ml / frame, it can ensure a high staining rate while reducing bee mortality.

[0045] The following table shows the statistics of bee staining rate and mortality rate under different amounts of marker dye sprayed:

[0046] Table 1. Statistics on bee staining rate and mortality under different dye application rates.

[0047]

[0048] S3: Gradient survey area setup: Centered on the beehive, divide the area into 7 gradient zones: 0-20m, 20-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m, 200-300m, 300-400m, and above 400m. Set up 3 standard sample plots (10m×10m) observation points in each gradient zone.

[0049] S4: Composite Survey Method:

[0050] S41: Trapping device method: Set up 6 trapping devices in each gradient zone (2 devices per plot), add the trapping agent and leave them continuously for 48 hours, and count the number of tagged bees captured;

[0051] S42: Visual survey method for sample plots: One observer is assigned to each gradient zone. From 10:00 to 14:00 every day, the observer randomly surveys the bees visiting flowers in the sample plots. The observer observes the bees marked with blue marks within the field of vision and counts the number. The survey is conducted for three consecutive days.

[0052] S5: Data Analysis: After the two survey methods are completed, the total number of marked bees in each gradient zone is counted, and the distribution curve of bee numbers as a function of distance is plotted. Based on the inflection point or significant change point of the distribution curve, the main pollination distance of bees in the camellia oleifera forest is determined.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, in S41, the trapping device is a device consisting of yellow trapping trays with added attractant. The spacing between the traps is 6-10m, and the height is 2.0m. For details, refer to the trapping device in ZL202410545068.1.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, in S5, a dual-source data fusion algorithm is used to calculate the weight values ​​of each gradient band: W = α·N1 + β·N2

[0055] Where W is the weight value, N1 is the number of marked bees counted by the trapping method, N2 is the number of marked bees counted by the visual survey method, and α and β are the weight coefficients of the trapping device method and the visual survey method, respectively, α=0.6 and β=0.4.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the distance corresponding to the inflection point in the distribution curve of the weight value W is the main pollination distance threshold of the pollinating bees.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, this study is applicable to the research on bee pollination behavior in camellia oleifera forests, orchards, and other economic forest areas.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] At a camellia oil plantation in Anfu County, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, covering an area of ​​over 300 mu, a trial setup and survey were conducted in November 2024. The results were... Figure 3 It can be seen that the overall weight of bees drops sharply in the distribution area above 200m, indicating that 200m is a significant point of change in the distribution curve, and the main pollination distance of bees in camellia oleifera forest is determined to be about 200m.

[0060] As can be seen from the above description, the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: 1. Low cost and simple operation: only dyes, trapping devices and basic statistical tools are required, and expensive equipment is not needed; the marking and counting process does not require professional training and can be completed by ordinary farmers or technicians, making it suitable for grassroots promotion.

[0061] 2. Minimal interference with bee behavior: The weight of the dye tag can be controlled at 1-2 milligrams (far less than 5% of the bee's body weight), which hardly affects flight and pollen collection efficiency; unlike electronic tags, dye tags do not require binding or implantation into devices, avoiding damage to bee limbs or shortening lifespan.

[0062] 3. Intuitive and reliable data: By statistically analyzing the number of pollinators captured at different distances (0-400m), a clear "pollen density-distance" curve can be plotted, identifying the peak range. Furthermore, the combination of trapping (quantitative) and visual inspection (qualitative) methods reduces the error of a single method (e.g., missed pollinators at close range or reduced trapping efficiency at long range).

[0063] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0064] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations falling within the broad scope of the claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: S1: Preparation of the marking dye: Select blue non-toxic latex paint and pure water at a volume ratio of 1:14, and filter through gauze to prepare the dye solution; S2: Bee marking method determined: S21: Fill the air pressure spray bottle with the dye solution, take out the honeycomb in the hive one by one, and spray the honeycomb in the hive evenly between 10:00 and 14:00 on a sunny day. The amount of each spray is set to 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL / comb, for a total of 4 treatments. Spray 2 honeycomb in each treatment, spray once a day for two consecutive days. S22: After 48 hours of treatment, the staining rate and mortality rate of bees under different treatments were statistically analyzed. The specific formula is as follows: Staining rate (%) = (Number of stained bees / Total number of bees) × 100 Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead bees / Total number of bees) × 100; S23: According to the survey results, as the spraying amount increases, the bee staining rate and mortality rate gradually increase. When the spraying amount is greater than 10ml / frame, the staining rate reaches more than 97%, and the increase is not significant thereafter. When the spraying amount reaches 20ml / frame, the bee mortality rate reaches 6.25%. Therefore, it is determined that when the spraying amount is 10-15ml / frame, it can ensure a high staining rate while reducing bee mortality. S3: Gradient survey area setting: Centered on the beehive, divide the area into 7 gradient zones: 0-20m, 20-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m, 200-300m, 300-400m, and above 400m. Set up 3 standard sample plot observation points in each gradient zone. S4: Composite Survey Method: S41: Trapping device method: Set up 6 trapping devices in each gradient zone, add attractant and leave them continuously for 48 hours, and count the number of tagged bees captured. S42: Visual survey method for sample plots: One observer is assigned to each gradient zone. From 10:00 to 14:00 every day, the observer randomly surveys the bees visiting flowers in the sample plots. The observer observes the bees marked with blue marks within the field of vision and counts the number. The survey is conducted for three consecutive days. S5: Data Analysis: After the two survey methods are completed, the total number of marked bees in each gradient zone is counted, and the distribution curve of bee numbers as a function of distance is plotted. Based on the inflection point or significant change point of the distribution curve, the main pollination distance of bees in the camellia oleifera forest is determined.

2. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the gauze has a mesh size of 300, and the dye solution is filtered twice.

3. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S21, the nozzle diameter of the pneumatic sprayer is 0.5 mm, the spray pressure is 0.2 MPa, and the spraying distance is 20-30 cm.

4. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S22, three 10cm×10cm quadrats are set up for each honeycomb to collect data on the bees within the quadrats.

5. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the standard sample plot has a size of 10m × 10m.

6. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S41, the trapping device is a device consisting of yellow trapping discs with added attractant. The spacing between the traps is 6-10m, and the height is 2.0m.

7. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, a dual-source data fusion algorithm is used to calculate the weight values ​​of each gradient band: W = α·N1 + β·N2 Where W is the weight value, N1 is the number of marked bees counted by the trapping method, N2 is the number of marked bees counted by the visual survey method, and α and β are the weight coefficients of the trapping device method and the visual survey method, respectively, α=0.6 and β=0.

4.

8. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the distribution curve of the weight value W, the distance corresponding to the inflection point is the main pollination distance threshold of the pollinating bees.

9. The method for investigating the main pollination distance of pollinating bees in camellia oleifera forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, This study is applicable to the research on bee pollination behavior in camellia oleifera forests, orchards, and other economic forest areas.

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