Tool cathode capable of increasing feeding speed of electrolysis and discharge combined milling

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool cathode capable of increasing the feeding speed of electrolysis and discharge combined milling machining. The tool cathode comprises a cathode rod, a cathode head and an insulating base. The cathode rod is of a hollow structure, the interior of the cathode rod is divided into two liquid supply cavities, and the cathode rod is connected with the insulating base through an internal thread connecting structure. The side wall of the cathode head is provided with a main liquid outlet hole and a chip groove, and the bottom is provided with a first matching structure matched with the insulating base. The insulating base is provided with an external thread connecting part, an auxiliary liquid outlet hole and a second matching structure, and the first matching structure and the second matching structure are installed on the cathode head in an embedded mode, so that the chip groove is aligned to the auxiliary liquid outlet hole. During machining, electrolyte is jetted from the main liquid outlet holes and carries machining products to enter the chip removal grooves, the electrolyte jetted from the auxiliary liquid outlet holes forms auxiliary chip removal force, the flow field layout of active upward chip removal is constructed, and the machining efficiency is improved. And the insulating base is made of engineering plastics such as polyether-ether-ketone, so that unnecessary electrolysis is reduced, the short circuit phenomenon is reduced, and efficient and stable electrolysis discharge composite milling machining is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical machining, and in particular to a tool cathode that can improve the feed rate of electrochemical discharge complex milling. Background Art

[0002] Titanium alloys and superalloys have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, military, and energy due to their excellent strength, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, the high hardness and low machinability of these materials make traditional machining methods face problems such as severe tool wear, high machining costs, and difficulty in meeting technical standards for finished parts, seriously restricting their further application and the development potential of related fields.

[0003] As a non-contact machining method, electrochemical milling can machine complex surfaces through a simple-shaped tubular cathode and reasonable path planning, with the advantages of no tool wear, no machining stress, and high surface quality. However, the current efficiency of electrochemical milling is low and difficult to meet the time cost requirements of part machining.

[0004] Electrochemical discharge complex milling combines the advantages of electrochemical milling and electrical discharge machining. During the machining process, electrical discharge occurs in the area where the gap between the tool and the workpiece is less than the discharge threshold, melting and even vaporizing materials using instantaneous high temperature; while in the area greater than the discharge threshold, an electrochemical anodic dissolution reaction occurs on the surface of the workpiece anode, effectively removing the recast layer generated by the discharge, thereby improving the machining surface quality. This process not only has the high efficiency of electrical discharge machining but also can provide a surface quality superior to that of electrical discharge machining. However, with the continuous increase in the electrode feed rate, the products in the machining process increase and are difficult to discharge, easily leading to product accumulation, which in turn causes a short circuit between the cathode and the workpiece, hindering the further improvement of the cathode feed rate. In addition, unnecessary electrolysis consumes current, making it difficult for electrical discharge machining in the machining area to obtain sufficient energy, restricting the further increase of the material removal rate. Therefore, how to achieve the rapid transport of products and weaken the ineffective electrolysis effect has become the key problem to improve the feed rate of electrochemical discharge complex milling and meet the requirements of large-scale high-efficiency production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this part is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this part, as well as in the abstract and title of the present application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this part, the abstract, and the title, but such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] Therefore, to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tool cathode that can improve the feed rate of electrochemical discharge complex milling, including a cathode rod, a cathode head, and an insulating base;

[0007] The bottom of the cathode rod is provided with a shoulder structure. The cathode rod is a hollow structure as a whole. A partition is arranged in the inner cavity of the cathode rod. The partition divides the inner cavity of the cathode rod into two independent liquid supply cavities. The liquid supply cavities are used to provide electrolyte to the machining area of the workpiece. The bottom of the partition is provided with an internal thread connection structure for connecting the insulating base.

[0008] The side wall of the cathode head is provided with multiple rows of main liquid outlet holes distributed circumferentially. A chip removal groove is arranged on the cathode head between two adjacent rows of main liquid outlet holes on the left and right for collecting and discharging machining products. The bottom of the cathode head is provided with a first matching structure for cooperating with the insulating base.

[0009] The upper part of the insulating base is provided with an external thread connection part for cooperating with the internal thread connection structure. The bottom of the insulating base is provided with auxiliary liquid outlet holes corresponding to the number of the chip removal grooves. The insulating base is provided with a second matching structure for cooperating with the first matching structure.

[0010] Among them, the insulating base is installed on the cathode head by mutual fitting of the first matching structure and the second matching structure, so that the chip removal groove and the auxiliary liquid outlet hole are radially aligned. The insulating base is joined with the internal thread connection structure of the cathode rod through the external thread connection part, and the cathode head is pressed against the shoulder structure of the cathode rod to form an overall assembly.

[0011] During machining, the electrolyte is strongly ejected from the main liquid outlet holes on the side wall of the cathode head, carrying the machining products into the chip removal groove. Subsequently, the electrolyte ejected from the auxiliary liquid outlet holes of the insulating base forms an auxiliary upward chip removal force, jointly constructing an active upward chip removal flow field layout, accelerating the transport efficiency of the products in the machining gap. At the same time, the application of the insulating base reduces unnecessary electrolysis and reduces the occurrence of short-circuit phenomena, thereby realizing more efficient electrochemical discharge compound milling.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, wherein: the first matching structure includes an installation groove and a fixing protrusion, and the second matching structure includes a fixing card slot. The installation groove is adapted to the structure of the insulating base, the insulating base is embedded in the installation groove, and the fixing protrusion is embedded in the fixing card slot.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, wherein: there are two groups of fixing protrusions, and the two groups of fixing protrusions are symmetrically arranged on the left and right inner walls of the inner cavity of the installation groove. The fixing card slot is consistent with the installation groove in structure and quantity.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the tool cathode capable of increasing the feed rate in electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, the cathode head is made of electrically erosion-resistant materials such as graphite and copper tungsten, which facilitates timely replacement after wear.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the tool cathode capable of increasing the feed rate in electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, the insulating base is made of engineering plastics with electrolytic insulation properties, and the insulating base and the cathode head form a detachable combined structure.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the tool cathode capable of increasing the feed rate in electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, the insulating base is made of special engineering plastics such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with good mechanical properties to reduce unnecessary electrolysis at the bottom of the cathode during the machining process.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the tool cathode capable of increasing the feed rate in electrochemical discharge compound milling according to the present invention, the chip removal groove has an arc-shaped groove wall structure to avoid the formation of a flow field dead zone under a right-angle structure.

[0018] Advantages of the present invention:

[0019] 1. The present invention adopts a combined structure, and the cathode rod, cathode head and insulating base are quickly assembled and disassembled through threaded connections and fitting structures, which facilitates the replacement and maintenance of parts, and significantly improves the practicality and service life of the tool.

[0020] 2. By fitting the groove at the insulating bottom with the convex structure of the cathode head, the chip removal groove on the side wall of the cathode head is radially aligned with the auxiliary liquid outlet hole of the insulating base, forming an upward chip removal flow field layout. Combined with the arc-shaped chip removal groove design, the formation of a flow field dead zone under a right-angle structure is avoided, further improving the transport efficiency of the machining products and effectively preventing product accumulation.

[0021] 3. The insulating base of the present invention is made of special engineering plastics such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with excellent mechanical properties and electrolytic insulation properties, significantly reducing unnecessary electrolysis during the machining process, reducing the probability of short-circuit phenomena, and ensuring that a greater amount of energy is obtained in the discharge machining area, thereby improving the material removal rate and machining efficiency.

[0022] 4. Through the synergistic effect of the main liquid outlet hole of the cathode head and the auxiliary liquid outlet hole of the insulating base, the present invention constructs an efficient electrolyte flow field, which not only accelerates the discharge of products in the machining gap, but also improves the machining surface quality, realizing more efficient and stable electrochemical discharge compound milling. Description of the drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the processing system of the tool cathode of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow field in the processing area of the tool cathode of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 100, cathode rod; 101, partition; 102, liquid supply cavity; 103, internal thread connection structure;

[0029] 200, cathode head; 201, main liquid outlet hole; 202, chip removal groove; 203, installation groove; 204, fixing protrusion;

[0030] 300, insulating base; 301, external thread connection part; 302, auxiliary liquid outlet hole; 303, fixing card slot;

[0031] 400, workpiece. Specific Embodiments

[0032] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will provide a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an individual or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0035] Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure will be locally enlarged out of the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention herein. In addition, in actual production, three-dimensional spatial dimensions including length, width, and depth should be included.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 to 4 , a first embodiment of the present invention provides a tool cathode that can improve the feed rate of electrochemical discharge compound milling. The cathode has a detachable structure (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), and mainly includes a cathode rod 100, a cathode head 200, and an insulating base 300;

[0037] The bottom of the cathode rod 100 is provided with a shoulder structure. The cathode rod 100 is a hollow structure as a whole. A partition 101 is arranged in the inner cavity of the cathode rod 100. The partition 101 divides the inner cavity of the cathode rod 100 into two independent liquid supply cavities 102. The liquid supply cavities 102 are used to supply electrolyte to the machining area of the workpiece 400. An internal thread connection structure 103 (thread hole) is provided at the bottom of the partition 101. The internal thread connection structure 103 is used to connect the insulating base 300. The hollow structure and double liquid supply cavity design of the cathode rod 100 can effectively improve the conveying efficiency of the electrolyte, ensure sufficient electrolyte supply in the machining area, and at the same time, the setting of the partition 101 enhances the structural strength of the cathode rod;

[0038] The side wall of the cathode head 200 is provided with multiple rows of main liquid outlet holes 201 distributed circumferentially. A chip removal groove 202 is provided on the cathode head 200 between two adjacent rows of main liquid outlet holes 201 on the left and right, for collecting and discharging machining products. The bottom of the cathode head 200 is provided with a first matching structure for cooperating with the insulating base 300. The first matching structure includes an installation groove 203 and a fixing protrusion 204. Two groups of fixing protrusions 204 are provided, and the two groups of fixing protrusions 204 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right inner walls of the inner cavity of the installation groove 203. The cathode head 200 is made of electrically erosion-resistant materials such as graphite and copper tungsten, which is convenient for timely replacement after loss. The chip removal groove 202 has an arc-shaped groove wall structure, which can avoid the formation of a flow field dead zone under a right-angle structure and improve the discharge efficiency of machining products;

[0039] The upper part of the insulating base 300 is provided with an external thread connecting part 301 (stud structure) for cooperating with the internal thread connecting structure 103. The bottom of the insulating base 300 is provided with auxiliary liquid outlet holes 302 corresponding to the number of the chip removal grooves 202. The insulating base 300 is provided with a second matching structure for cooperating with the first matching structure. The second matching structure includes a fixed clamping groove 303, and the structure and number of the fixed clamping groove 303 are the same as those of the installation groove 203. The insulating base 300 is made of a special engineering plastic such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with good mechanical properties and electrolytic insulation characteristics, and forms a detachable combined structure with the cathode head 200, which can effectively reduce the unnecessary electrolytic effect at the bottom of the cathode during the processing.

[0040] Among them, the insulating base 300 is installed on the cathode head 200 by mutual fitting of the first matching structure and the second matching structure, so that the chip removal groove 202 and the auxiliary liquid outlet hole 302 are radially aligned. The insulating base 300 is engaged with the internal thread connecting structure 103 of the cathode rod 100 through the external thread connecting part 301 (the stud is screwed into the threaded hole upward), and the cathode head 200 is pressed against the shoulder structure of the cathode rod 100 to form an overall assembly.

[0041] As Figure 3 shown, during processing, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece 400 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The cathode cuts into the workpiece 400 to a certain depth, rotates and feeds forward to remove the material of the workpiece 400. The electrolyte enters from the central hole of the cathode rod 101, and the electrolyte is sprayed from the main liquid outlet hole 201 on the side wall of the cathode head 200 to the processing area.

[0042] As Figure 4 shown, in the processing area, the electrolyte strongly sprayed from the main liquid outlet hole 201 on the side wall of the cathode head 200 carries the processing products into the chip removal groove 202. Subsequently, the electrolyte sprayed from the auxiliary liquid outlet hole 302 of the insulating base 300 forms an auxiliary upward chip removal force, jointly constructing an active upward chip removal flow field layout, accelerating the transport efficiency of the products in the processing gap. At the same time, the application of the insulating base 300 reduces unnecessary electrolytic effects and reduces the occurrence of short-circuit phenomena, thereby realizing more efficient electrochemical discharge compound milling.

[0043] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrolytic discharge combined milling, characterized in that: It comprises a cathode rod (100), a cathode head (200) and an insulating base (300); The cathode rod (100) is provided with a shoulder structure at the bottom, the cathode rod (100) is a hollow structure as a whole, and a partition (101) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cathode rod (100), and the partition (101) divides the inner cavity of the cathode rod (100) into two independent liquid supply cavities (102), and the liquid supply cavity (102) is used to provide electrolyte to the processing area of ​​the workpiece (400); the partition (101) is provided with an internal thread connection structure (103) at the bottom, and the internal thread connection structure (103) is used to connect the insulating base (300); The side wall of the cathode head (200) is provided with a plurality of rows of main liquid outlet holes (201) distributed in the circumferential direction, and the cathode head (200) between two adjacent rows of main liquid outlet holes (201) is provided with a chip removal groove (202) for collecting and discharging processed products; the bottom of the cathode head (200) is provided with a first matching structure for use with an insulating base (300); The upper portion of the insulating base (300) is provided with an external thread connection portion (301) used in conjunction with the internal thread connection structure (103); the bottom of the insulating base (300) is provided with auxiliary liquid outlet holes (302) corresponding in number to the chip removal grooves (202); and the insulating base (300) is provided with a second matching structure used in conjunction with the first matching structure; The insulating base (300) is installed on the cathode head (200) by interlocking the first matching structure with the second matching structure, so that the chip removal groove (202) and the auxiliary liquid outlet hole (302) are kept radially aligned; the insulating base (300) is engaged with the internal thread connection structure (103) of the cathode rod (100) through the external thread connection part (301), and the cathode head (200) is pressed against the shaft shoulder structure of the cathode rod (100), thereby forming an integral assembly; During machining, the electrolyte is forcefully sprayed from the main liquid outlet (201) of the side wall of the cathode head (200), carrying the processed products into the chip removal groove (202). Subsequently, the electrolyte sprayed from the auxiliary liquid outlet (302) of the insulating base (300) forms an auxiliary upward chip removal force, and together they construct a flow field layout for active upward chip removal, thereby accelerating the transport efficiency of the products in the machining gap. At the same time, the use of the insulating base (300) reduces unnecessary electrolysis and reduces the occurrence of short circuits, thereby achieving more efficient electrolysis-discharge composite milling machining.

2. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first matching structure comprises a mounting groove (203) and a fixing protrusion (204), and the second matching structure comprises a fixing slot (303), wherein the mounting groove (203) is structurally adapted to the insulating base (300), the insulating base (300) is embedded in the mounting groove (203), and the fixing protrusion (204) is embedded in the fixing slot (303).

3. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing protrusions (204) are provided in two groups, and the two groups of fixing protrusions (204) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right inner walls of the inner cavity of the installation groove (203), and the structure and number of the fixing slots (303) are consistent with those of the installation groove (203).

4. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed rate of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode head (200) is made of an electro-corrosion resistant material, and can be replaced in time after being worn out.

5. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed speed of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating base (300) is made of engineering plastics having electrolytic insulation properties, and the insulating base (300) and the cathode head (200) form a detachable combined structure.

6. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed rate of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating base (300) is made of polyetheretherketone, which has good mechanical properties to reduce unnecessary electrolysis at the bottom of the cathode during processing.

7. The tool cathode capable of improving the feed rate of electrolytic discharge combined milling machining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The chip removal groove (202) is an arc-shaped groove wall structure, which prevents the electrolyte from forming a flow field dead zone under the right-angle structure.

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