Glass for light-weight window of high-speed train, window and preparation method of glass

Abstract

The invention discloses glass for a light-weight window of a high-speed train, the window and a preparation method of the window. The preparation method of the glass for the light-weight window of the high-speed train comprises the following steps: carrying out ink printing on the edge of one surface of the glass, then carrying out physical tempering and cleaning, covering an anti-acid film on an ink printing area, then carrying out acid strengthening, removing the anti-acid film, and cleaning to obtain the glass for the light-weight window of the high-speed train. The car window comprises an outer side glass assembly, an inner side glass assembly and a hollow layer. The outer side glass assembly comprises first glass, a film layer and second glass; the inner side glass assembly comprises third glass, a vacuum layer and fourth glass; the first glass is the glass for the light-weight window of the high-speed train. While the weight of the car window is reduced, high strength is still kept, and good sound insulation and heat insulation performance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains, a window and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-speed train windows. Background Art

[0002] High-speed trains, especially those with a speed above 350 km / h, will become the mainstream trend of future railway development. With the increase in train speed, the energy consumption of the train also increases. Therefore, in order to ensure the economy of train operation, the weight of the window must be reduced.

[0003] Reducing the weight of the window can directly improve the train operation efficiency. Research shows that when the weight of a vehicle is reduced by 10%, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 8%. A lighter vehicle body means less energy consumption and faster acceleration, thus shortening the travel time and providing a more efficient travel experience for passengers. High-speed trains with reduced window weight can significantly reduce energy consumption, which is of great significance for environmental protection and addressing climate change.

[0004] The weight of the window is reduced, but the safety cannot be compromised. According to the requirements of GBT 32060-2015, for high-speed trains with a speed > 200 km / h, it is required that the outer glass can resist the impact of gravel with a mass of 20 g at a speed of 220 km / h without breakage. With the increase in speed, the noise of the train running at high speed is also greater. In addition, the window faces direct sunlight, and stricter requirements are imposed on the sound insulation and heat insulation performance of the window. When the weight of the window glass is reduced, the overall sound insulation and heat insulation capabilities of the glass will also decrease, which poses higher requirements for the manufacturing process of the window.

[0005] Currently, the side windows of high-speed trains are mainly composed of insulating laminated glass. The structure of this insulating laminated glass mainly includes an outer glass, an inner glass, and a hollow aluminum frame for connecting the outer glass and the inner glass. The outer glass and the inner glass are each composed of two glass plates sandwiching a film layer. The weighted sound insulation of this insulating laminated glass is 42 dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is 2.8 (W / m 2 ×K). The outer glass needs to pass the gravel impact resistance test, so the glass strength needs to be relatively high. The thickness of the outer glass plate of the outer glass is generally 6-8 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is generally 4-6 mm, the film layer is usually a PVB sound insulation film with a thickness of 1.52 mm, and the areal density of the outer glass is generally 26.52-36.52 kg / m 2 2. The thicknesses of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate of the inner glass are generally both 4-5 mm, the film layer is usually a PVB sound insulation film with a thickness of 1.52 mm, and the areal density of the inner glass is generally 21.52-26.52 kg / m 2 2. The areal density of the entire window glass is 48.04-63.04 kg / m 2 .

[0006] To reduce the weight of the window, the glass needs to be weight-reduced. However, the existing window structures and their preparation methods are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of maintaining high strength while reducing weight. Moreover, the sound insulation and heat insulation performance of the window also need to meet the requirements.

[0007] CN210416558U discloses a lightweight window for high-speed trains. The window is a hollow structure. The inner sandwich structure from the inside to the outside is the first glass layer, the first film layer, the second glass layer, the second film layer, and the third glass layer in sequence; the outer sandwich structure from the inside to the outside is the fourth glass layer, the third film layer, and the fifth glass layer in sequence; the side of the hollow layer of the hollow structure is closed with an aluminum spacer and sealant, and fully dried molecular sieve is filled in the spacer to ensure the dryness of the hollow layer. Among them, the first glass layer, the second glass layer, and the third glass layer are chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass; the fourth glass layer is a physically tempered low-e glass with a thickness of 2.6 - 4 mm; the fifth glass layer is a comprehensively strengthened European gray glass with a thickness of 5 mm - 6 mm and a bending strength reaching 600 - 700 MPa. Although this technical solution can lightweight the window glass, the glass used is aluminosilicate glass, which is expensive; moreover, to make the surface stress of the glass reach 900 - 1000 MPa, secondary chemical strengthening is required, which is not only expensive in materials but also cumbersome in process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a glass for a lightweight window of a high-speed train, a window, and their preparation methods. The present invention reduces the weight of the window while still maintaining high strength and having good sound insulation and heat insulation performance.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method for a glass for a lightweight window of a high-speed train, which includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Ink printing: Perform ink printing on the edge of one side of the glass to form an ink printing area;

[0011] (2) Physical tempering: Physically temper the glass obtained in step (1);

[0012] (3) First cleaning: Clean the glass obtained in step (2);

[0013] (4) Film covering: Cover an acid-resistant film on the side of the glass obtained in step (3) with the ink printing area, and then perform laser cutting on the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area of the glass to remove the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area and retain the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area;

[0014] (5) Acid strengthening: The glass obtained in step (4) is acid-strengthened with a hydrofluoric acid solution;

[0015] (6) Deshielding: Remove the acid-resistant film in the ink-printed area of the glass obtained in step (5);

[0016] (7) Second cleaning: Clean the glass obtained in step (6) to obtain the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains.

[0017] According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the glass is soda-lime glass.

[0018] According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the edge of one side of the glass is first ink-printed, and then an ink-printed area is formed on the edge of the glass, which can effectively block direct sunlight. When applied to the window, it can prevent the glue from aging due to long-term exposure to sunlight and high temperature, ensuring firm and lasting adhesion between the glass and the vehicle body. This design also enhances the overall aesthetic appearance of the windows of high-speed trains, adding beauty and functionality to the glass. The composition of the ink can be conventional ink components in the art, including but not limited to glass powder, terpineol, resin, and pigments.

[0019] According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the physical tempering includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing a preheating treatment, with a preheating temperature of 650 - 690 °C and a preheating time of 85 - 200 s; then performing a heating treatment, with a heating temperature of 660 - 700 °C and a heating time of 60 - 120 s; then performing a tempering treatment, with a tempering time of 10 - 20 s and a wind pressure of 5 - 18 KPa; and then cooling for 5 - 10 s to obtain the physically tempered glass.

[0020] According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 90 - 130 MPa.

[0021] In step (2) of the present invention, the glass with an ink-printed area is physically tempered to form a compressive stress layer on the glass surface and a tensile stress layer inside the glass. When the glass is subjected to an external force, the compressive stress layer can offset part of the tensile stress, preventing the glass from breaking, thereby achieving the effect of improving the glass strength. This characteristic of physically tempered glass makes it have higher impact and compressive resistance, and is safer and more durable than ordinary glass. At the same time, the high temperature of physical tempering makes the ink printed in step (1) completely dry and firmly adhere to the glass surface.

[0022] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the first cleaning is plasma cleaning, and the power of the plasma cleaning machine used is 400 - 1000 W, and the speed is 0.1 - 1 m / s. In step (3) of the present invention, plasma cleaning of the physically tempered glass can remove impurities, grease, etc. on the glass surface, making the glass surface cleaner. This plasma cleaning process will not damage the glass surface, and can also improve the polarity, wettability and bondability of the glass surface, providing a reliable and stable bonding surface for the adhesion of the acid-resistant film in the next step, and reducing the adverse situation of acid leakage at the edges of the glass in the subsequent acid strengthening step.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, in step (4), the acid-resistant film includes one or more of thin films such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyimide (PI). Specifically, the acid-resistant film can be coated by a laminating machine. The acid-resistant film used in the present invention has excellent acid resistance, corrosion resistance, heat and humidity resistance, etc., and can block the erosion of strong acids such as hydrofluoric acid on the ink.

[0024] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, in step (4), the power of the laser used for laser cutting is 5 - 25 W, the frequency is 200 - 2500 KHz, and the cutting speed is 1 - 5 m / s. In the present invention, by laser cutting the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area, the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area is retained, and thus a complete protection and shielding can be formed for the ink printing area in the subsequent acid strengthening step. Moreover, by controlling the laser cutting conditions within the above ranges in the present invention, while the acid-resistant film is cut off, the glass surface will not be damaged.

[0025] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, in step (5), the mass concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 1 - 15%, and the time of acid strengthening is 5 - 100 s. Specifically, the acid strengthening is carried out by immersing the glass obtained in step (5) in the hydrofluoric acid solution. Preferably, the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 0.5 μm - 3 μm. That is to say, the thickness of the glass after acid strengthening is reduced by 0.5 μm - 3 μm compared with the thickness of the glass before acid strengthening.

[0026] According to Griffith's microcrack theory, under the action of external force, stress concentration will occur near the microcracks on the glass surface. When the stress reaches a certain level, the cracks will start to expand and lead to fracture. The longer the crack length, the greater the stress at the tip, and the easier it is to fracture. While the larger the curvature radius of the crack tip, the smaller the stress at the tip, and the less likely the crack is to expand. After physical tempering in the present invention, by applying hydrofluoric acid to the cross-section of the microcracks on the glass, the curvature radius of the microcrack tip is increased, the microcrack tip becomes blunt, stress concentration is reduced, and the glass strength increases accordingly. At the same time, the present invention further controls the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution and the time of acid strengthening within the above ranges, so that the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is only 0.5μm - 3μm, which is basically negligible for the depth of the stress layer of physical tempering. Therefore, the present invention can combine the strength enhancement of physical tempering and acid strengthening, greatly improving the anti-drop ball impact strength of the glass and ensuring the passing of the anti-gravel impact test.

[0027] The second aspect of the present invention provides a glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains, which is obtained by the preparation method of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains described above.

[0028] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains is 4 - 5mm, the surface density is 10 - 12.5kg / m 2 , and the strength is anti-drop ball impact of 22 - 27J.

[0029] The third aspect of the present invention provides a lightweight window for high-speed trains, which includes an outer glass assembly, a hollow layer, and an inner glass assembly arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the outer glass assembly includes a first glass, a film layer, and a second glass arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the inner glass assembly includes a third glass, a vacuum layer, and a fourth glass arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the vacuum layer includes several support columns; wherein, at least the first glass is the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains described above.

[0030] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the second glass is a physically tempered and acid-strengthened soda-lime glass, the thickness of the second glass is 2 - 4mm, the surface density is 5 - 10kg / m 2 , and the strength is anti-drop ball impact of 12 - 22J.

[0031] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the second glass is prepared by at least the following steps: first, subject the soda-lime glass to physical toughening, then perform acid strengthening with a hydrofluoric acid solution, and then obtain the second glass after cleaning. Among them, preferably, the physical toughening includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing a preheating treatment with a preheating temperature of 650 - 690 °C and a preheating time of 85 - 200 s; then performing a heating treatment with a heating temperature of 660 - 700 °C and a heating time of 60 - 120 s; then performing a toughening treatment with a toughening time of 10 - 20 s and a wind pressure of 5 - 18 KPa; then cooling for 5 - 10 s to obtain the physically toughened glass. Preferably, the surface compressive stress of the physically toughened glass is 90 - 130 MPa. Preferably, the mass concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 1 - 15%, and the time for acid strengthening is 5 - 100 s. More preferably, the thickness change amount of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 0.5 μm - 3 μm. Specifically, the acid strengthening is carried out by immersing the physically toughened glass in the hydrofluoric acid solution.

[0032] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the film layer includes a PVB sound insulation film, and the thickness of the film layer is 0.5 - 2 mm.

[0033] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the surface density of the outer glass assembly is 19.02 - 21.52 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass assembly does not break under the condition that 20 g of gravel impacts at a speed of 240 km / h. Compared with the traditional outer glass assembly of the vehicle window (surface density is 26.52 - 36.52 kg / m 2 ), the weight of the outer glass assembly of the present invention is reduced by 28 - 41%; at the same time, the outer glass assembly of the present invention has high strength and can ensure passing the anti-gravel impact test.

[0034] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the third glass is physically toughened soda-lime glass, the thickness of the third glass is 3 - 4 mm, the surface density is 7.5 - 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is anti-drop ball impact of 12 - 17 J.

[0035] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the fourth glass is physically toughened soda-lime glass, the surface of the fourth glass is coated with a double-silver low-e film, the thickness of the fourth glass is 3 - 4 mm, the surface density is 7.5 - 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is anti-drop ball impact of 12 - 17 J.

[0036] According to the specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the vacuum layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm.

[0037] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the support column is 0.5-1.0 mm, and the material of the support column includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel or ceramic, etc. A plurality of support columns can be arranged at equal intervals in the vacuum layer. The spacing between the support columns can be 30 mm-60 mm.

[0038] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the areal density of the inner glass assembly is 15-20 kg / m 2 .

[0039] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the hollow layer is 12-48 mm.

[0040] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a spacer is provided at the edge of the hollow layer for connecting the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly. Specifically, the spacer can also be referred to as a warm-edge spacer, and its material includes, but is not limited to, PP or PVC, etc.

[0041] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the areal density of the lightweight window for high-speed trains is 34.02-41.52 kg / m 2 , the weighted sound insulation amount is above 45 dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is below 0.5 (W / m 2 ×K). Compared with the traditional window for high-speed trains (areal density is 48.04-63.04 kg / m 2 ), the weight of the lightweight window for high-speed trains of the present invention is reduced by 29-34%.

[0042] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method for the above-mentioned lightweight window for high-speed trains, which includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: After stacking the first glass, the film layer and the second glass layer, processing is carried out at 110-180 °C and 0.1-2.2 MPa for 80-240 min to obtain the outer glass assembly;

[0044] S2: Arrange a plurality of support columns between the third glass and the fourth glass, seal the edges of the third glass and the fourth glass, and evacuate the cavity between the third glass and the fourth glass to form a vacuum layer to obtain the inner glass assembly;

[0045] S3: Form a hollow layer between the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly to obtain the lightweight window for high-speed trains.

[0046] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, step S1 can be carried out using an autoclave.

[0047] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the edge sealing can adopt the sealing method of vacuum glass in the prior art, such as but not limited to using glass powder, glass strips, adhesive edge sealing or laser welding and other methods.

[0048] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the vacuum degree of the vacuum layer is <0.1 Pa.

[0049] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, forming a hollow layer between the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly is achieved by setting a spacer at the edge between the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly. As described above, the edge of the inner glass assembly of the present invention is a sealing area, and there is no vacuum layer in this area, so the heat insulation and sound insulation performance are relatively weak; while the present invention enhances the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the sealing area of the inner glass assembly by using a spacer disposed at the edge between the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly.

[0050] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0051] The present invention adopts a method of first performing physical tempering and then acid strengthening to prepare glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains. The strengthening methods are all physical strengthening, and the process cost is much lower than that of chemical tempering. The lightweight window of the high-speed train of the present invention uses the glass that is first physically tempered and then acid strengthened to form the outer glass assembly, so that the outer glass assembly has a higher strength while reducing the weight. The surface density of the outer glass assembly of the present invention is 19.02 - 21.52 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass assembly does not break under the condition that 20 g of gravel impacts at a speed of 240 km / h, ensuring passing the gravel impact resistance test. In addition, while using the outer glass assembly, the high-speed train lightweight window of the present invention also improves the structure and uses vacuum glass as the inner glass assembly; although vacuum glass has better sound insulation and heat insulation performance, its impact resistance performance is relatively weak; while the structural design of the high-speed train lightweight window of the present invention avoids the weaknesses of vacuum glass and can give play to the advantages of vacuum glass. Combining the outer glass assembly and the inner glass assembly of the present invention enables the high-speed train lightweight window of the present invention to maintain a relatively high strength while reducing the weight, and has good sound insulation and heat insulation performance. The surface density of the high-speed train lightweight window of the present invention is 34.02 - 41.52 kg / m 2 , the weighted sound insulation amount is above 45 dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 (W / m 2Less than (×K). Moreover, in the present invention, soda-lime glass is preferably used for the raw material glass in both the outer glass component and the inner glass component. It is inexpensive and easy to process, and there is no need to use expensive aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, etc. In addition, the present invention also has the advantages of simple preparation method, short processing time, and suitability for mass production. In summary, through the synergistic effect of the glass preparation method and the window structure of the present invention, while reducing the weight of the window, it has better strength, sound insulation and heat insulation performance. Moreover, the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency, simplicity, and low cost. Therefore, the present invention can not only significantly reduce the energy consumption of high-speed trains, but also reduce environmental pollution, which has a positive impact on the development of high-speed trains. Description of the Drawings

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lightweight window of the high-speed train in Example 2.

[0053] Figure 2 It is an optical diagram of the outer glass component in Example 2 for the gravel impact test.

[0054] Figure 3 It is an optical diagram of the outer glass component in Comparative Example 1 for the gravel impact test.

[0055] Explanation of the Reference Numerals in the Drawings:

[0056] 1 - Outer glass component; 2 - Hollow layer; 3 - Inner glass component;

[0057] 101 - First glass; 102 - Film layer; 103 - Second glass;

[0058] 201 - Spacer;

[0059] 301 - Third glass; 302 - Vacuum layer; 303 - Fourth glass; 304 - Support column. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0060] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "top / bottom end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "provided with", "sheathed / connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] Test method:

[0064] Areal density: Convert the areal density according to the density of soda-lime glass of 2.5 g / cm 3 standard.

[0065] Impact resistance to falling ball: Test according to the description of impact resistance performance (5.3.3) in GB 9656-2021.

[0066] Surface compressive stress: Test using a glass surface stress meter.

[0067] Impact resistance to gravel: Test according to the description in GB / T 32060-2015.

[0068] Weighted sound insulation quantity: Test according to the description in GB / T 8485-2008.

[0069] Heat transfer coefficient: Test according to the description in GB / T 8484-2020.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] This example provides a glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0072] (1) Ink printing: Perform ink printing on the edge of one side of the raw soda-lime glass (the areal density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength of the raw soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm is 7 J for impact resistance to falling ball) to form an ink printing area. The components of the ink used include glass powder, terpineol, resin, pigment, etc., and it is commercially available from Byford.

[0073] (2) Physical tempering: Physically temper the glass obtained in step (1), which includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing a preheating treatment, the preheating temperature is 650 °C, and the preheating time is 100 s; then performing a heating treatment, the heating temperature is 660 °C, and the heating time is 80 s; then performing a tempering treatment, the tempering time is 10 s, and the wind pressure is 10 KPa; then cooling for 5 s, and taking the glass off the production line to obtain the physically tempered glass; the surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 120 MPa;

[0074] (3) First cleaning: The glass obtained in step (2) is cleaned using a plasma cleaner. The power of the plasma cleaner is 800 W and the speed is 0.1 m / s;

[0075] (4) Film laminating: A PVC anti - acid film is laminated on the side of the glass obtained in step (3) that has the ink - printed area using a film laminating machine. Then, the anti - acid film in the non - ink - printed area of the glass is laser - cut. The power of the laser is 25 W, the frequency is 1500 KHz, and the cutting speed is 2 m / s. Then, the anti - acid film in the non - ink - printed area is torn off, and the anti - acid film in the ink - printed area is retained;

[0076] (5) Acid strengthening: The glass obtained in step (4) is immersed in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid strengthening. The acid - strengthening time is 20 s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 1 μm;

[0077] (6) Debonding: Wear acid - resistant gloves and tear off the anti - acid film in the ink - printed area of the glass obtained in step (5);

[0078] (7) Second cleaning: The glass obtained in step (6) is cleaned using a cleaning machine to remove the residual acid solution and impurities on the glass surface, obtaining the glass for lightweight windows of high - speed trains.

[0079] The thickness of the glass for lightweight windows of high - speed trains is 4 mm, the surface density is 10 kg / m 2 and the strength is 22 J for anti - falling ball impact.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] This example provides a lightweight window for high - speed trains. As Figure 1 shown, it includes an outer glass assembly 1, a hollow layer 2, and an inner glass assembly 3 arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside (i.e., from the outside of the carriage to the inside of the carriage); the outer glass assembly 1 includes a first glass 101, a film layer 102, and a second glass 103 arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the inner glass assembly 3 includes a third glass 301, a vacuum layer 302, and a fourth glass 303 arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The vacuum layer 302 includes several support columns 304; among them, the first glass 101 is the glass for lightweight windows of high - speed trains prepared in Example 1.

[0082] In this example, the second glass 103 is a physically tempered and acid - strengthened soda - lime glass. The thickness of the second glass 103 is 3 mm, the surface density is 7.5 kg / m 2 and the strength is 17 J for anti - falling ball impact. The second glass 103 is prepared at least through the following steps: For the raw material soda - lime glass (surface density is 7.5 kg / m2 For the raw soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm and a strength of 6 J against falling ball impact, physical tempering is first carried out, which includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing a preheating treatment at a preheating temperature of 650 °C for 100 s; then performing a heating treatment at a heating temperature of 660 °C for 100 s; then performing a tempering treatment for 15 s with a wind pressure of 12 KPa; then cooling for 10 s, and taking the glass off the production line to obtain the physically tempered glass, and the surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 100 MPa; then soaking it in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid strengthening for 10 s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 0.5 μm; then cleaning it with a cleaning machine to obtain the second glass 103.

[0083] The film layer 102 is a PVB sound insulation film with a thickness of 1.52 mm.

[0084] The areal density of the outer glass assembly 1 is 19.02 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass assembly 1 does not break under the condition that 20 g of gravel impacts at a speed of 240 km / h, as Figure 2 shown.

[0085] The third glass 301 is physically tempered soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm and an areal density of 10 kg / m 2 and a strength of 17 J against falling ball impact.

[0086] The fourth glass 303 is physically tempered soda-lime glass with a double-silver low-e film coated on its surface. The thickness of the fourth glass is 4 mm, the areal density is 10 kg / m 2 and the strength is 17 J against falling ball impact.

[0087] The thickness of the vacuum layer 302 is 0.3 mm.

[0088] The diameter of the support column 304 is 0.76 mm and the material is stainless steel. A number of support columns 304 are arranged at equal intervals in the vacuum layer 302 with an interval of 40 mm.

[0089] The areal density of the inner glass assembly 3 is 20 kg / m 2 .

[0090] The thickness of the hollow layer 2 is 12 mm. A spacer 201 is provided at the edge of the hollow layer 2 for connecting the outer glass assembly 1 and the inner glass assembly 3. Specifically, the spacer 201 can also be called a warm-edge spacer, and its material is PVC.

[0091] The areal density of the lightweight window of the high-speed train in this embodiment is 39.02 kg / m2 and a weighted sound insulation of 45.8 dB and a heat transfer coefficient of 0.48 (W / m 2 ²·K).

[0092] The method for preparing the lightweight window of the high-speed train in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0093] S1: After stacking the first glass 101, the film layer 102, and the second glass 103, place them in an autoclave and process them for 200 min under the conditions of 150 °C and 1.4 MPa to obtain the outer glass assembly 1;

[0094] S2: Arrange a plurality of support columns 304 between the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303, seal the edges of the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303 by laser welding, and evacuate the cavity between the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303 to form a vacuum layer 302 with a vacuum degree of <0.1 Pa to obtain the inner glass assembly 3;

[0095] S3: Set a spacer 201 at the edge between the outer glass assembly 1 and the inner glass assembly 3 to form a hollow layer 2 to obtain the lightweight window of the high-speed train.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment provides a glass for the lightweight window of a high-speed train, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0098] (1) Ink printing: Perform ink printing on the edge of one side of the raw soda-lime glass (with a surface density of 12.5 kg / m 2 ², and the strength of the 5-mm-thick raw soda-lime glass is 9 J for anti-drop ball impact) to form an ink printing area. The components of the ink used include glass powder, terpineol, resin, pigment, etc., and it can be commercially purchased from Byford;

[0099] (2) Physical tempering: Physically temper the glass obtained in step (1), which includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing a preheating treatment with a preheating temperature of 690 °C and a preheating time of 100 s; then performing a heating treatment with a heating temperature of 700 °C and a heating time of 120 s; then performing a tempering treatment with a tempering time of 20 s and a wind pressure of 18 KPa; then cooling for 10 s and taking the glass off the production line to obtain the physically tempered glass; the surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 130 MPa;

[0100] (3) First cleaning: Clean the glass obtained in step (2) with a plasma cleaner, and the power of the plasma cleaner is 1000 W and the speed is 1 m / s;

[0101] (4) Film coating: Use a film coater to coat an acid-resistant film on the side of the glass obtained in step (3) with an ink printing area. The acid-resistant film is a PTFE film. Then, laser cut the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area of the glass. The power of the laser is 20W, the frequency is 2000KHz, and the cutting speed is 2m / s. Then, tear off the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area and retain the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area;

[0102] (5) Acid strengthening: Immerse the glass obtained in step (4) in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid strengthening. The acid strengthening time is 20s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 1μm;

[0103] (6) Debonding: Wear acid-resistant gloves and tear off the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area of the glass obtained in step (5);

[0104] (7) Second cleaning: Use a cleaning machine to clean the glass obtained in step (6) to remove the residual acid solution and impurities on the glass surface, and obtain the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains.

[0105] The thickness of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains is 5mm, the surface density is 12.5kg / m 2 , and the strength is 27J for anti-drop ball impact.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] This example provides a lightweight window for high-speed trains, whose structure is the same as that in Example 2. Among them, the first glass 101 is the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains prepared in Example 3.

[0108] In this example, the second glass 103 is physically tempered and acid-strengthened soda-lime glass. The thickness of the second glass 103 is 3mm, the surface density is 7.5kg / m 2 , and the strength is 17J for anti-drop ball impact. The second glass 103 is prepared at least through the following steps: For the raw material soda-lime glass (the surface density is 7.5kg / m 2 , and the strength of the raw material soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3mm is 6J for anti-drop ball impact), first perform physical tempering, which includes: cleaning the glass surface; then performing preheating treatment, the preheating temperature is 650°C, and the preheating time is 100s; then performing heating treatment, the heating temperature is 660°C, and the heating time is 100s; then performing tempering treatment, the tempering time is 15s, and the wind pressure is 12KPa; then cooling for 10s, and taking the glass off the production line to obtain the physically tempered glass. The surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 100MPa; then immerse it in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid strengthening. The acid strengthening time is 10s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 0.5μm; then use a cleaning machine to clean it to obtain the second glass 103.

[0109] The film layer 102 is a PVB sound insulation film, and the thickness of the film layer 102 is 1.52 mm.

[0110] The surface density of the outer glass assembly 1 is 21.52 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass assembly 1 does not break under the condition that 20 g of gravel impacts at a speed of 240 km / h.

[0111] The third glass 301 is physically tempered soda-lime glass. The thickness of the third glass 301 is 4 mm, the surface density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is 17 J for anti-drop ball impact.

[0112] The fourth glass 303 is physically tempered soda-lime glass, and a double-silver low-e film is coated on the surface of the fourth glass 303. The thickness of the fourth glass is 4 mm, the surface density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is 17 J for anti-drop ball impact.

[0113] The thickness of the vacuum layer 302 is 0.3 mm.

[0114] The diameter of the support column 304 is 0.61 mm, and the material is ceramic. A number of support columns 304 are arranged at equal intervals in the vacuum layer 302, and the interval is 50 mm.

[0115] The surface density of the inner glass assembly 3 is 20 kg / m 2 .

[0116] The thickness of the hollow layer 2 is 24 mm. A spacer 201 is provided at the edge of the hollow layer 2 for connecting the outer glass assembly 1 and the inner glass assembly 3. Specifically, the spacer 201 can also be called a warm edge spacer, and its material is PP.

[0117] The surface density of the lightweight window for high-speed trains in this embodiment is 41.52 kg / m 2 , the weighted sound insulation amount is 46.1 dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is 0.45 (W / m 2 ×K).

[0118] The preparation method of the lightweight window for high-speed trains in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0119] S1: After stacking the first glass 101, the film layer 102, and the second glass 103, place them in an autoclave and process them at 150 °C and 2.0 MPa for 200 min to obtain the outer glass assembly 1;

[0120] S2: Arrange a number of support columns 304 between the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303, seal the edges of the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303 by laser welding, and evacuate the cavity between the third glass 301 and the fourth glass 303 to form a vacuum layer 302 with a vacuum degree of <0.1 Pa, obtaining the inner glass assembly 3;

[0121] S3: Set a spacer 201 at the edge between the outer glass assembly 1 and the inner glass assembly 3 to form a hollow layer 2, obtaining the lightweight window for high-speed trains.

[0122] Comparative Example 1

[0123] This comparative example provides a glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0124] (1) Ink printing: Conduct ink printing on the edge of one side of the raw soda-lime glass (the surface density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength of the raw soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm is 7 J for anti-drop ball impact) to form an ink printing area. The ink used is the same as that in Example 1;

[0125] (2) First cleaning: Clean the glass obtained in step (1) using a plasma cleaner. The power of the plasma cleaner is 800 W and the speed is 0.1 m / s;

[0126] (3) Film coating: Coat an acid-resistant film on the side of the glass obtained in step (2) with the ink printing area. This acid-resistant film is a PVC film. Then, laser cut the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area of the glass. The power of the laser is 25 W, the frequency is 1500 KHz, and the cutting speed is 2 m / s. Then, tear off the acid-resistant film in the non-ink printing area and retain the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area;

[0127] (4) Acid strengthening: Immerse the glass obtained in step (3) in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid strengthening. The acid strengthening time is 20 s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 1 μm;

[0128] (5) Deblocking: Wear acid-resistant gloves and tear off the acid-resistant film in the ink printing area of the glass obtained in step (4);

[0129] (6) Physical tempering: Physically temper the glass obtained in step (5). Its process is the same as that in Example 1; the surface compressive stress of the physically tempered glass is 90 MPa;

[0130] (7) Second cleaning: Use a cleaning machine to clean the glass obtained in step (6) to obtain the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains.

[0131] The thickness of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains is 4 mm, and the areal density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is 19 J for anti-drop ball impact.

[0132] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example mainly changes the order of physical tempering and acid tempering, and the remaining preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1. This comparative example adopts the steps of first acid tempering and then physical tempering. In the process of heating and rapid cooling during physical tempering, although a compressive stress layer can be formed on the surface, at the same time, the original microcracks on the surface will also expand. The anti-drop ball impact strength of the prepared glass is lower than that of Example 1.

[0133] This comparative example also provides a lightweight window for high-speed trains, whose structure is the same as that of Example 2. Among them, the first glass 101 is the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains prepared in this comparative example. The second glass 103 is a soda-lime glass that is first acid tempered and then physically tempered. The thickness of the second glass 103 is 3 mm, and the areal density is 7.5 kg / m 2 , and the strength is 14 J for anti-drop ball impact. The second glass 103 is prepared at least through the following steps: Soak the raw soda-lime glass (the areal density is 7.5 kg / m 2 , and the strength of the raw soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm is 6 J for anti-drop ball impact) in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% for acid tempering. The acid tempering time is 10 s, and the thickness change of the glass before and after acid tempering is 0.5 μm; then physically temper the acid-tempered glass, and its process is the same as that of Example 2. The compressive stress on the surface of the physically tempered glass is 90 MPa; after cleaning with a cleaning machine, the second glass 103 is obtained.

[0134] The areal density of the outer glass assembly 1 of this comparative example is 19.05 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass assembly 1 broke under the condition that 20 g of gravel impacted at a speed of 240 km / h, as Figure 3 shown.

[0135] The hollow layer 2, the inner glass assembly 3 and the preparation method of the lightweight window of high-speed trains in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 2.

[0136] The areal density of the lightweight window of high-speed trains in this comparative example is 39.05 kg / m 2 , the weighted sound insulation amount is 45.6 dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is 0.48 (W / m 2 ×K).

[0137] Comparative Example 2

[0138] This comparative example provides a glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains, and its preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: in the step of acid strengthening, the mass concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 20%, and the acid strengthening time is 2 min. The thickness change of the glass before and after acid strengthening is 10 μm.

[0139] The thickness of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains in this comparative example is 4 mm, the surface density is 10 kg / m 2 , and the strength is 18 J for anti-drop ball impact.

[0140] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution and the acid strengthening time are changed outside the range controlled by the present invention, and the strength of the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains prepared is lower than that of Example 1.

Claims

1. A method for preparing lightweight glass for high-speed train windows, comprising the following steps: (1) Ink printing: ink printing is performed on the edge of one side of the glass to form an ink printing area; (2) Physical tempering: physically tempering the glass obtained in step (1); (3) First cleaning: cleaning the glass obtained in step (2); (4) coating: coating the glass obtained in step (3) with an acid-resistant film on one side of the glass having the ink printing area, and then laser cutting the acid-resistant film on the non-ink printing area of ​​the glass to remove the acid-resistant film on the non-ink printing area and retain the acid-resistant film on the ink printing area; (5) Acid strengthening: acid strengthening the glass obtained in step (4) with a hydrofluoric acid solution; (6) Deshielding: removing the acid-resistant film on the ink-printed area of ​​the glass obtained in step (5); (7) Second cleaning: Cleaning the glass obtained in step (6) to obtain the lightweight glass for high-speed train windows.

2. The method for preparing lightweight glass for high-speed train windows according to claim 1, wherein: The glass is soda-lime glass.

3. The method for preparing lightweight glass for high-speed train windows according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the physical tempering includes: cleaning the glass surface; then preheating the glass at a temperature of 650-690°C for 85-200 seconds; then heating the glass at a temperature of 660-700°C for 60-120 seconds; then tempering the glass at a time of 10-20 seconds and a wind pressure of 5-18KPa; then cooling the glass for 5-10 seconds to obtain physically tempered glass; Preferably, in step (2), the compressive stress on the surface of the physically tempered glass is 90-130 MPa.

4. The method for preparing lightweight glass for high-speed train windows according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the first cleaning is plasma cleaning, and the power of the plasma cleaning machine used is 400-1000W and the speed is 0.1-1m / s; Preferably, in step (4), the acid-resistant film comprises a film of one or more of polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide; Preferably, in step (4), the power of the laser used for laser cutting is 5-25 W, the frequency is 200-2500 KHz, and the cutting speed is 1-5 m / s.

5. The method for preparing lightweight glass for high-speed train windows according to claim 1, wherein: In step (5), the mass concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 1-15%, and the acid strengthening time is 5-100s.

6. A lightweight glass for high-speed train windows, wherein: The glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains is prepared by the method for preparing the glass for lightweight windows of high-speed trains according to any one of claims 1 to 5; Preferably, the thickness of the lightweight glass for high-speed train windows is 4-5 mm and the surface density is 10-12.5 kg / m 2 , the strength is 22-27J against falling ball impact.

7. A lightweight window for a high-speed train, wherein: The lightweight window of the high-speed train includes an outer glass component, a hollow layer and an inner glass component arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the outer glass component includes a first glass, a film layer and a second glass arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the inner glass component includes a third glass, a vacuum layer and a fourth glass arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the vacuum layer includes a plurality of support columns; wherein at least the first glass is the glass for the lightweight window of the high-speed train as described in claim 6.

8. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The second glass is physically tempered and acid-strengthened soda-lime glass, and the thickness of the second glass is 2-4 mm and the surface density is 5-10 kg / m 2 , the strength is 12-22J against falling ball impact.

9. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 8, wherein: The second glass is prepared by at least the following steps: physically tempering soda-lime glass, then acid-strengthening it with a hydrofluoric acid solution, and then washing it to obtain the second glass; Preferably, the physical tempering comprises: cleaning the glass surface; then preheating the glass surface at a temperature of 650-690°C for 85-200s; then heating the glass surface at a temperature of 660-700°C for 60-120s; then tempering the glass surface at a temperature of 10-20s and a wind pressure of 5-18KPa; then cooling the glass surface for 5-10s to obtain physically tempered glass; Preferably, the compressive stress on the surface of the physically tempered glass is 90-130 MPa; Preferably, the mass concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 1-15%, and the acid strengthening time is 5-100s.

10. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The film layer comprises a PVB sound insulation film, and the thickness of the film layer is 0.5-2 mm.

11. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The surface density of the outer glass component is 19.02-21.52 kg / m 2 , and the outer glass component does not break under the condition of impact by 20g of gravel at a speed of 240km / h.

12. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The third glass is physically tempered soda-lime glass, and the thickness of the third glass is 3-4 mm and the surface density is 7.5-10 kg / m 2 , strength is 12-17J against falling ball impact; Preferably, the fourth glass is physically tempered soda-lime glass, the surface of the fourth glass is coated with a double silver low-e film, the thickness of the fourth glass is 3-4 mm, and the surface density is 7.5-10 kg / m 2 , strength is 12-17J against falling ball impact; Preferably, the thickness of the vacuum layer is 0.1-0.5 mm.

13. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The surface density of the inner glass component is 15-20 kg / m 2 .

14. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The thickness of the hollow layer is 12-48 mm; Preferably, a spacer bar is provided at the edge of the hollow layer for connecting the outer glass component and the inner glass component.

15. The lightweight window for high-speed trains according to claim 7, wherein: The surface density of the lightweight window of the high-speed train is 34.02-41.52 kg / m 2 , weighted sound insulation is above 45dB, heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 (W / m 2 ×K) or less.

16. A method for preparing a lightweight window for a high-speed train according to any one of claims 7 to 15, wherein: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: After stacking the first glass, the film layer and the second glass, treat them at 110-180° C. and 0.1-2.2 MPa for 80-240 min to obtain an outer glass assembly; S2: arranging a plurality of support columns between the third glass and the fourth glass, sealing the edges of the third glass and the fourth glass, and evacuating the cavity between the third glass and the fourth glass to form a vacuum layer, thereby obtaining an inner glass assembly; S3: forming a hollow layer between the outer glass component and the inner glass component to obtain the lightweight window for the high-speed train.

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