Dredging system and dredging method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dredging construction, in particular to a dredging system and a dredging method.The dredging system comprises a cutter suction dredger and a mud conveying pipeline connected with the cutter suction dredger, the cutter suction dredger comprises a dredger body, and a main pile and an auxiliary pile are arranged at the stern of the dredger body and used for positioning and stepping of the dredger body; a reamer is arranged at the bow position of the ship body and used for stretching into water to conduct rotary cutting. The hull is further provided with a mud suction pipe, the underwater end of the mud suction pipe is used for sucking mud cut by the reamer, the overwater end of the mud suction pipe is communicated with a mud conveying pipeline, and the mud conveying pipeline is used for conveying the mud to the shore. Swing anchors are arranged on the port and the starboard of the ship body and used for adjusting the angle of the bow. According to the dredging system, the probability of pipeline blockage and equipment damage can be reduced, the efficiency and reliability of dredging operation are remarkably improved, and therefore the overall construction cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dredging construction, and particularly to a dredging system and a dredging method. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of hydraulic structures such as docks, dredging operations are an essential step. Dredging operations are mainly used to remove materials such as sand, mud, silt, and coral reefs from water bodies to ensure smooth navigation channels or provide a foundation for construction. Traditional methods usually use dredgers and suction pipes to suck the silt at the bottom of the water and transport it to a designated location.

[0003] However, when the silt volume in some waters is extremely large (usually exceeding 5 million cubic meters) and contains a large amount of impurities such as sediment, weeds, calcified substances, and large stones, dredging operations will face serious challenges. The huge amount of silt containing impurities will make it difficult to carry out dredging operations, and it is easy to cause incomplete silt cleaning. If weeds or large stones are sucked into the suction pipe or equipment, it will also cause problems such as pipeline blockage and equipment damage, greatly affecting the construction progress and increasing the construction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies that when using the existing dredging method to dredge water bodies with a large silt content and a large amount of impurities, it is easy to cause incomplete silt cleaning, pipeline blockage affects the construction progress, and increases the construction cost, and to provide a dredging system and a dredging method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dredging system, including a cutter suction dredger and a mud conveying pipeline connected to the cutter suction dredger. The cutter suction dredger includes a hull. A main pile and a secondary pile are arranged at the stern position of the hull, and the main pile and the secondary pile are used for positioning and stepping of the hull; a cutter is arranged at the bow position of the hull, and the cutter is used to extend into the water for rotary cutting; a suction pipe is also installed on the hull, the lower end of the suction pipe in the water is used to absorb the slurry cut by the cutter, the upper end of the suction pipe above the water is communicated with the mud conveying pipeline, and the mud conveying pipeline is used to transport the slurry to the shore; swing anchors are arranged on both the starboard and port sides of the hull, and the swing anchors are used to adjust the angle of the bow.

[0006] The dredging system provided by the present invention has a cutter on the cutter suction dredger that can effectively cut and stir the bottom silt, making it easy to suck. The setting of the cutter is not only efficient but also can effectively clean a large amount of impurities, such as sediment, weeds, and large substances, reducing the probability of pipeline blockage and equipment damage that may occur in traditional dredging systems, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of dredging operations, helping to reduce the possibility of construction delays, and also being able to reduce additional maintenance costs and time costs, thereby reducing the overall construction cost; the main piles, auxiliary piles, and swing anchors provided on the hull enable the hull to move flexibly, and during construction, it can be operated flexibly according to actual dredging requirements to ensure efficient operation in different waters and complex environments.

[0007] Preferably, the mud conveying pipeline includes: a shore pipeline section, a floating pipeline section, and a submerged pipeline section. One end of the floating pipeline section is connected to the suction pipeline, the other end of the floating pipeline section is connected to the submerged pipeline section, and the submerged pipeline section is connected to the shore pipeline section; The shore pipeline section is provided with a crushing device. The crushing device includes a box body, and a rotating cutter group is installed in the box body. The rotating cutter group is used to crush the silt flowing through the box body.

[0008] The mud conveying pipeline is the pipeline for the cutter suction dredger to transport sand and slurry to the reclamation area. The floating pipeline section can adopt the form of steel pipes passing through floating barrels, and the steel pipes are flexibly connected by rubber hoses. The floating pipeline section is connected to the suction pipeline and the submerged pipeline section, enabling the output pipe of the mud pump body of the cutter suction dredger and the submerged pipeline to have good room for movement; the submerged pipeline section can adopt the method of flexibly connecting every two sections of steel pipes with one section of rubber hose, so that during the process of discharging mud, the submerged pipeline section not only ensures the rigidity of the pipeline but also increases the flexibility, and meets the requirements of river navigation; the shore pipeline section can be composed of steel pipes, elbows at different angles, and rubber hoses. During laying, it can be as flat and straight as possible to improve the conveying efficiency. A crushing device is provided at a predetermined position of the shore pipeline section, such as the middle of the shore pipeline section, which can further cut and crush the silt transported through the shore pipeline section by the rotating cutter group, further reducing the occurrence of pipe blockage accidents and improving the efficiency and reliability of dredging operations.

[0009] In the present invention, the mud conveying pipeline is set in the combined form of a floating pipeline section + a submerged pipeline section + a shore pipeline section, maintaining the river navigation requirements on the premise of shortening the pipeline length, enabling the entire system to adapt to the construction requirements of different water depths and terrains, and improving the applicability and flexibility.

[0010] Preferably, anchor throwing boom poles are provided on both the port side and starboard side of the hull. The swing anchor is connected to the anchor throwing boom pole through a cable, and the anchor throwing boom pole is movably connected to the hull.

[0011] In the dredging system provided by the present invention, the swing anchor is connected to the corresponding anchor throwing boom through a cable. The anchor throwing boom plays a role in support and angle adjustment during the positioning process of the cutter suction dredger, ensuring that the swing anchor can stably contact the mud surface after entering the water and forming a reliable anchoring effect.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dredging method, which adopts the above-mentioned dredging system and includes the following steps: S1: Position and deploy the cutter suction dredger. Transport the cutter suction dredger to the excavation starting point, make the cutter located at the construction center of the dredging channel, and lower the main pile for positioning; Throw the swing anchors on the port and starboard sides of the hull. S2: Connect the suction pipe to the mud conveying pipeline. S3: The cutter suction dredger excavates. The excavation is controlled by sectional construction, segmented construction, strip construction, and layered construction until the dredging operation in the dredging area is completed. The sectional construction: Divide the dredging area into at least three construction areas. The strip construction: Each construction area is divided into several construction strips along the direction perpendicular to the dredging direction. The segmented construction: Each construction strip is divided into several construction segments along the extension direction of each construction strip. The layered construction: Each construction segment is divided into at least two construction layers along the thickness direction.

[0013] For dredging operations in waters with a large silt content and a large amount of impurities, traditional dredging methods often adopt an overall advancement mode, which easily leads to problems such as incomplete silt cleaning and pipeline blockage affecting the construction progress during the dredging process.

[0014] The dredging method provided by the present invention adopts a construction strategy of zoning, striping, segmenting, and layering, which refines the dredging operation and improves the construction continuity and construction efficiency. Specifically: The sectional construction divides the dredging area into multiple construction areas. Each area can independently arrange the construction plan, reducing the management difficulty brought by large-scale simultaneous construction, improving the overall coordination, and avoiding local under-excavation or over-excavation caused by error accumulation; The sectional construction can also reasonably arrange the sediment transportation rhythm, optimize the layout of the mud conveying pipeline for waters with a huge silt content, and avoid the risk of pipeline blockage due to too long a distance of the mud conveying pipeline; The sectional construction can also optimize the construction sequence, reduce the frequency of large-scale movement of the ship, reduce the hull adjustment time, and improve the construction efficiency. The strip construction further refines the construction area. Each construction strip can be advanced in a flow operation mode to avoid construction stagnation and improve construction continuity. The sectional construction enables each construction strip to be advanced sequentially in the length direction, ensuring that the dredging process progresses layer by layer, without omission or over-excavation, thus reducing ineffective construction time. The layered construction can control the depth of each excavation, avoiding the phenomena of pipe blockage or pump blockage caused by excessive one-time excavation.

[0015] Preferably, during the strip construction described in S3, the bandwidth of each construction strip is 1.1 - 1.3 times the length of the hull.

[0016] Preferably, the bandwidth of the construction strip is 1.1 - 1.3 times the length of the hull. Considering the influence of water flow velocity and the length of the transverse cable throwing, it can ensure that the hull can completely cover the entire working surface within one strip, avoiding multiple repeated operations caused by too narrow strips or the need for supplementary dredging on both sides of the excavation trench due to too wide strips, and improving construction efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, during the strip construction described in S3, the construction strip overlaps with the adjacent construction strip by 4 - 5m.

[0018] Due to the influence of water flow, the excavation error of the cutter head, and the deviation of equipment control, there may be a problem that the edges between construction strips are not completely excavated (under-excavated). Through the 4 - 5m overlapping area, it can ensure that the dredging operations between adjacent strips can complement each other, avoiding local undredged areas caused by construction deviations, and improving the flatness and integrity of the entire construction area.

[0019] Preferably, during the sectional construction described in S3, the length of each construction section is 100 - 200m.

[0020] The length of each construction section is preferably 100 - 200m. Considering the effective extension length of the cutter suction dredger and the mud conveying pipeline, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of pipe blockage and pump blockage accidents during dredging operations in water bodies with high silt content and many impurities.

[0021] Preferably, during the layered construction described in S3, the thickness of each construction layer is 0.5 - 2 times the diameter of the cutter head.

[0022] The diameter of the cutter head determines the effective depth of its one-time cutting. The thickness of the construction layer is controlled within 0.5 - 2 times the diameter of the cutter head, ensuring that the amount of sediment cut each time is moderate, without excessive sediment and impurities being sucked into the suction pipe due to overload, effectively reducing the occurrence of pipe blockage and pump blockage accidents. This design maintains a reasonable mud concentration and ensures the stability of transportation.

[0023] Preferably, during the layered construction described in S3, the slope is constructed by means of stepped excavation, and the slope ratio of the slope is 1:4 - 1:2.

[0024] Dredging construction involves water flow scouring, sediment particle structure, and soil stress. The steep slopes formed by direct excavation are prone to landslides and collapses due to instability, which affects construction safety. By adopting the step excavation method and dividing the slope into multiple stepped platforms, the stress concentration on the slope surface can be effectively reduced, the overall soil sliding trend can be decreased, and the shear strength and overall stability of the slope can be improved. The gentle slope design with a slope ratio of 1:4 to 1:2 can further reduce the shear stress on the slope and effectively prevent slope instability or collapse.

[0025] Preferably, when deploying the swing anchors on the port and starboard sides of the hull in S1, the leading angle of the swing anchor is not greater than 25°.

[0026] The function of the swing anchor is to provide lateral fixing force to prevent the hull from shifting due to external forces such as water flow, wind force, and suction pipe pulling force during construction. Setting the leading angle of the swing anchor (the angle between the cable of the swing anchor and the main axis of the hull) not greater than 25° can keep the swing anchor at a better mud entry angle, ensure that it can be firmly embedded in the bottom soil layer, improve the anchoring force, and avoid insufficient anchor hook effect due to too large an angle, which affects the stability of the hull.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention provides a dredging system. The cutter of the cutter suction dredger can effectively cut and stir the bottom silt, making it easy to suck. The setting of the cutter is not only efficient but also can effectively clean a large amount of impurities such as sediment, weeds, and large substances, reducing the probability of pipeline blockage and equipment damage that may occur in the traditional dredging system, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of the dredging operation, helping to reduce the possibility of construction delays, and also being able to reduce additional maintenance costs and time costs, thereby reducing the overall construction cost; the main piles, auxiliary piles, and swing anchors set on the hull enable the hull to move flexibly, and during construction, it can be flexibly operated according to the actual dredging requirements to ensure efficient operation in different waters and complex environments.

[0028] 2. The present invention provides a dredging method. By adopting the construction strategies of zoning, banding, sectioning, and layering, the dredging operation is refined, reducing the management difficulty brought by large-scale simultaneous construction, improving the overall coordination, being able to effectively avoid local under-dredging or over-dredging, preventing the occurrence of pipe blockage or pump blockage phenomena, and significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of the dredging operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a connection state diagram of the cutter suction dredger and the mud conveying pipeline; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the shore pipe section; Figure 3 It is an elevation view of the crushing device; Figure 4It is a schematic plan view of the crushing device; Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the floating pipe section; Figure 6 It is a schematic view of the connection between the floating pipe section and the submerged pipe section; Figure 7 Flow chart of the dredging method; Figure 8 It is a schematic view of sectional construction; Figure 9 It is a schematic view of the cutter suction dredger construction; Figure 10 It is a schematic view of zone and sectional construction; Figure 11 It is a schematic view of layered construction.

[0030] Markings in the figure: 11 - hull, 12 - main pile, 13 - auxiliary pile, 14 - cutter, 15 - suction pipe, 16 - swing anchor, 17 - anchor arm rod, 2 - sludge pipeline, 21 - steel pipe, 22 - rubber pipe, 23 - buoy, 3 - crushing device, 31 - box body, 32 - rotating cutter group. Specific implementation mode

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above - mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, without special explanation, the expressions of the orientation or positional relationship terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the invention product / equipment / device is usually used and placed. These orientation or positional relationship terms are only for the convenience of describing the present invention solution or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate technicians to quickly understand the solution, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0033] In addition, when terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel" appear, it does not mean that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or hanging or parallel, but it can be slightly inclined or deviated. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but it can be slightly inclined. Or, it can be simply understood that the corresponding device / component / element is arranged in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0034] In addition, when expressions such as "first", "second", "third", etc. appear in the terms, they are only used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0035] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple", "a number of" represent at least 2. It can be any situation such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., and even can be a situation exceeding 9.

[0036] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / limited, when terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "connected", "provided with", "laid", "arranged" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be connection means commonly used in the art such as welding, riveting, bolting, threaded connection, etc. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components.

[0037] Embodiment 1 When carrying out dredging operations on waters with a large amount of silt (usually exceeding 5 million cubic meters) and containing a large number of impurities such as sediment, weeds, calcified substances, large stones, etc., problems such as incomplete silt cleaning and pipeline blockage affecting the construction progress often occur. Therefore, this embodiment provides a dredging system that can well handle such situations.

[0038] The dredging system provided in this embodiment includes a cutter suction dredger (also called a cutter suction dredge) and a mud conveying pipeline 2 connected to the cutter suction dredger. Specifically, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the cutter suction dredger includes a hull 11, and a main pile 12 and an auxiliary pile 13 are provided at the stern position of the hull 11. In addition, a trolley (not shown in the figure) can be fixedly installed on the hull 11, and the trolley is connected to the main pile 12 and the auxiliary pile 13 through an electric push rod or a hydraulic jack. In this embodiment, the electric push rod is taken as an example for illustration. The trolley is driven by an electric push rod motor to move the electric push rod in a direction perpendicular to the hull 11, so as to realize the displacement adjustment of the hull 11 in the forward and backward directions, that is, the main pile 12 and the auxiliary pile 13 are used for the step-by-step movement of the hull 11; when the main pile 12 or the auxiliary pile 13 falls and inserts into the bottom mud surface, the positioning of the hull 11 can be realized.

[0039] A cutter 14 is arranged at the bow position of the hull 11, and the cutter 14 is used to extend into the water for rotary cutting. For example, the cutter 14 can rotate driven by a motor to realize the function of cutting underwater sand and gravel and impurities.

[0040] A suction pipe 15 is also installed on the hull 11. The lower end of the suction pipe 15 in the water is used to absorb the slurry cut by the cutter 14, and the upper end of the suction pipe 15 above the water is communicated with the mud conveying pipeline 2, and the mud conveying pipeline 2 is used to convey the slurry to the shore; Swinging anchors 16 are arranged on both the starboard and port sides of the hull 11, and the swinging anchors 16 are used to adjust the angle of the bow. Specifically, anchor throwing boom poles 17 can be arranged on both the starboard and port sides of the hull 11. The swinging anchors 16 are connected to the anchor throwing boom poles 17 through cables, and the anchor throwing boom poles 17 are movably connected to the hull 11. Taking Figure 1 as an example, the swinging anchors 16 on both sides of the hull 11 can be connected to the corresponding anchor throwing boom poles 17 through cables. The anchor throwing boom poles 17 play a role in support and angle adjustment during the positioning process of the cutter suction dredger, ensuring that the swinging anchors 16 can stably contact the mud surface after entering the water, forming a reliable anchoring effect. Further, each anchor throwing boom pole 17 can be connected to the corresponding boom winch (not shown in the figure) through a steel cable. The boom winch can tighten or release the steel cable, thereby adjusting the angle and extension range of the anchor throwing boom pole 17, so that the swinging anchors 16 can obtain a better anchoring effect in different water depths and water flow environments. In addition, each swinging anchor 16 can also be connected to a swinging anchor winch (not shown in the figure) through a cable. The swinging anchor winch can precisely control the lifting of the swinging anchor 16, facilitating the quick adjustment of the anchor point or the recovery of the anchor, improving the operation efficiency. A transverse winch (not shown in the figure) can also be arranged on the hull 11. The transverse winch can be respectively connected to the two swinging anchors 16 through winch cables. The transverse winch realizes the left or right sector movement of the hull 11 with the main pile 12 or the auxiliary pile 13 as the center by winding and unwinding the winch cables, thereby adjusting the bow angle.

[0041] Further, as Figures 1 to 6 shown, the mud conveying pipeline 2 includes: a shore pipe section, a floating pipe section and a submerged pipe section. One end of the floating pipe section is communicated with the suction pipe 15, the other end of the floating pipe section is communicated with the submerged pipe section, and the submerged pipe section is communicated with the shore pipe section. Specifically, taking Figure 2To illustrate a specific structure of the shore pipeline section, the shore pipeline section can be composed of several steel pipes 21, elbows at different angles, and rubber hoses 22. During laying, it can be made as flat and straight as possible to improve the transportation efficiency.

[0042] Furthermore, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown, a crushing device 3 is provided on the shore pipeline section. The crushing device 3 can be installed at a predetermined position of the shore pipeline section, such as the middle of the shore pipeline section. The crushing device 3 includes a box body 31, and a rotary cutter group 32 is installed inside the box body 31. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The black arrows in Figure 5 show the direction of the sludge transportation in the shore pipeline section. The rotation axis of the rotary cutter group 32 can be perpendicular to the moving direction of the sludge. The rotary cutter group 32 is used to crush the sludge flowing through the box body 31. By providing the crushing device 3, the sludge transported through the shore pipeline section can be further cut and crushed by the rotary cutter group 32, further reducing the occurrence of pipe blockage accidents and improving the efficiency and reliability of the dredging operation. The shore pipeline transportation can be carried out by cooperating an excavator with a flatbed truck, and a pipe clamping machine can be used for pipeline connection and deployment during the laying of the shore pipeline; To Figure 6 illustrate a specific structure of a floating pipeline section, the floating pipeline section can adopt the form of steel pipes 21 passing through floating cylinders 23. The steel pipes 21 can be flexibly connected by rubber hoses 22. The floating pipeline section is connected to the suction pipeline 15 and the submerged pipeline section, so that there is good room for movement between the output pipe of the slurry pump body of the cutter suction dredger (not shown in the figure) and the submerged pipeline; To

[0043] In this embodiment, the sludge transportation pipeline 2 is set in the combined form of a floating pipeline section + a submerged pipeline section + a shore pipeline section, which maintains the requirement of river navigation on the premise of shortening the pipeline length, enables the whole system to adapt to the construction requirements of different water depths and different terrains, and improves the applicability and flexibility.

[0044] For the dredging system provided in this embodiment, the cutter of the cutter suction dredger 14 can effectively cut and stir the underwater silt, making it easy to suck. This method is not only efficient but also can effectively clean a large amount of impurities, such as sediment, weeds, and large substances, reducing the probability of pipeline blockage and equipment damage that may occur in traditional dredging systems, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of dredging operations, helping to reduce the possibility of construction delays, and also being able to reduce additional maintenance costs and time costs, thereby reducing the overall construction cost; the main piles 12, auxiliary piles 13, and swing anchors 16 provided on the hull 11 enable the hull 11 to move flexibly. Specifically, for example, by alternately inserting the main pile 12 and the auxiliary pile 13 into the mud surface, using each other as the swing center, and alternately retracting and releasing the swing anchors 16 provided on the starboard and port sides to adjust the bow angle, the hull 11 swings back and forth for dredging. During construction, it can be flexibly operated according to actual dredging requirements to ensure efficient operation in different waters and complex environments.

[0045] Embodiment 2 When dredging operations are carried out on water bodies with a large silt content and a large amount of impurities, traditional dredging methods often adopt an overall propulsion mode, and problems such as incomplete silt cleaning and pipeline blockage affecting the construction progress are likely to occur during the dredging process.

[0046] This embodiment provides a dredging method, as Figure 7 shown, using the dredging system provided in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1: Position and deploy the cutter suction dredger. The cutter suction dredger can be transported to the excavation starting point by a tugboat. Adjust the position of the hull 11 so that the cutter 14 is located at the construction center of the dredging channel. After the inertia of the tugboat disappears, lower the main pile 12 for positioning (in this embodiment, the main pile 12 is used as the positioning pile and the auxiliary pile 13 is used as the stepping pile. It can be foreseen that the auxiliary pile 13 can also be used as the positioning pile and the main pile 12 can be used as the stepping pile); when encountering a large water flow velocity and a single positioning pile is not sufficient to stabilize the ship position, a tail anchor can be thrown first, the tail cable can be loosened along the flow, and after the cutter 14 is located at the construction center of the dredging channel, lower the main pile 12 for positioning. Throw the swing anchors 16 on the starboard and port sides of the hull 11. The leading angle of the swing anchor 16 is not greater than 25°. One function of the swing anchor 16 is to provide a lateral fixing force to prevent the hull 11 from shifting due to external forces such as water flow, wind force, and the pulling force of the suction pipe 15 during construction. Setting the leading angle of the swing anchor 16 (the angle between the cable of the swing anchor 16 and the main axis of the hull 11) not greater than 25° can make the swing anchor 16 maintain a good mud entry angle, ensure that it can be firmly embedded in the underwater soil layer, improve the anchoring force, and avoid insufficient anchor hook effect due to too large an angle, affecting the stability of the hull 11.

[0047] S2: Connect the mud suction pipe 15 to the mud conveying pipeline 2. Specifically, for example, the mud suction pipe 15 can be connected to the output pipe of the cutter suction dredger mud pump body on the hull 11, and the output pipe of the cutter suction dredger mud pump body is then connected to the floating pipe. Specifically, the floating pipe laying operation can be assisted by an anchor handling boat. Two 5t ship anchors can be arranged every 200 meters of the floating pipe section. Light buoys can be set on the floating pipe. After the floating pipe is anchored, both ends of the floating pipe section are respectively connected to the output pipe of the cutter suction dredger mud pump body and the underwater submerged pipe connector.

[0048] S3: The cutter suction dredger excavates. Specifically, within the dredging range, the cutter suction dredger alternately constructs using the fixed suction, step-by-step transverse excavation, and transverse movement dredging methods. For step-by-step, the auxiliary pile 13 of the ship is used as the stepping pile, and the main pile 12 of the ship is used as the positioning pile, advancing alternately and swinging for construction; The excavation of the cutter suction dredger is controlled by sectional construction, segmental construction, strip construction, and layered construction until the dredging operation in the dredging area is completed; Specifically, sectional construction is: divide the dredging area into at least three construction areas. For example Figure 8 as shown Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the dredging area during the construction of a certain wharf Figure 8 in which the dredging area is divided into five construction areas ( Figure 8 the areas numbered (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) in

[0049] Strip construction: Each construction area is divided into several construction strips along the vertical dredging direction. Specifically, for example Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 as shown Figure 8 in which the dotted lines in each construction area divide the construction area into several construction strips Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the construction of the cutter suction dredger in a single construction strip Figure 9 in which the hollow arrow is the dredging direction. As Figure 10 shown Figure 10 in which the hollow arrow is the dredging direction, and the vertical dredging direction can be divided into several construction strips. The bandwidth of each construction strip (for example Figure 10 the bandwidth D in

[0050] Furthermore, the construction strips overlap with adjacent construction strips by 4 to 5 m. Due to the influence of water flow, the excavation error of the cutter 14, and the equipment control deviation, there may be a problem that the edges between adjacent construction strips are not fully excavated (under-excavated). Through the 4 to 5 m overlapping area, it can ensure that the dredging operations between adjacent strips can complement each other, avoid local undredged areas caused by construction deviations, and improve the flatness and integrity of the entire construction area.

[0051] Segmented construction: Each construction strip is divided into several construction segments along the extension direction of each construction strip. Specifically, taking Figure 10 as an example, Figure 10 the length of the construction segment in

[0052] is L. Furthermore, the length L of each construction segment can be 100 to 200 m. Optimizing the length of each construction segment to 100 to 200 m comprehensively considers the effective extension lengths of the cutter suction dredger and the mud pipeline 2, and can effectively avoid pipe blockage and pump blockage accidents during dredging operations in waters with high silt content and many impurities.

[0053] Stratified construction: Each construction segment is divided into at least two construction layers along the thickness direction.

[0054] Furthermore, when conducting stratified construction, the slope is constructed by means of stepped excavation, and the slope ratio is 1:4 to 1:2. Dredging construction involves water flow scouring, sediment particle structure, and soil stress. A steep slope directly formed by excavation is prone to landslides and collapses due to instability, which affects construction safety. By adopting the stepped excavation method and dividing the slope into multiple stepped platforms, it can effectively reduce the stress concentration on the slope surface, reduce the overall soil slip trend, and improve the shear strength and overall stability of the slope. The gentle slope design with a slope ratio of 1:4 to 1:2 can further reduce the shear stress on the slope and effectively prevent slope instability or collapse. Figure 11 as an example, Figure 11 in

[0055] each construction segment is divided into three construction layers, namely the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer from top to bottom, and the slope ratio of the designed slope can be 1:4.

[0056] The diameter of the reamer 14 determines the effective depth of a single cutting. The thickness of the construction layer is controlled within 0.5 to 2 times the diameter of the reamer 14, ensuring an appropriate amount of sediment cut each time, preventing the suction pipe 15 from sucking in excessive sediment and impurities due to overload, effectively reducing the occurrence of pipe blockage and pump blockage accidents. This design maintains a reasonable mud concentration and ensures the stability of transportation.

[0057] This embodiment also explains the side-line excavation method: When dredging by layer-by-layer deepening, the dredging side-line moves inwards as the depth increases, that is, several steps are made according to the designed side-line. To ensure the formation of a stable designed slope, the layered method is used for excavation, with uniform deepening construction layer by layer. At the same time, under the condition of ensuring construction efficiency, uniform deepening of the trench and the slope is achieved to ensure construction quality.

[0058] The dredging method provided in this embodiment adopts a construction strategy of zoning, striping, sectioning, and layering, which details the dredging operation, improves construction continuity and efficiency. Specifically: Zoning construction divides the dredging area into multiple construction areas. Each area can independently arrange a construction plan, reducing the management difficulty caused by large-scale simultaneous construction, improving overall coordination, and avoiding local under-excavation or over-excavation caused by error accumulation; Zoning construction can also reasonably arrange the sediment transportation rhythm, optimize the layout of the sludge pipeline 2 for waters with a huge silt content, and avoid the risk of increased pipe blockage due to too long a sludge pipeline 2; Zoning construction can also optimize the construction sequence, reduce the frequency of large-scale movement of the ship, reduce the adjustment time of the hull 11, and improve construction efficiency; Striping construction further details the construction area. Each construction strip can be advanced according to the flow operation mode, avoiding construction stagnation and improving construction continuity; Sectioning construction enables each construction strip to be advanced sequentially in the length direction, ensuring that the dredging process progresses layer by layer, without omission or over-excavation, reducing ineffective construction time; Layering construction can control the depth of each excavation, avoiding pipe blockage or pump blockage caused by excessive one-time excavation.

[0059] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dredging system, comprising a dredging vessel and a dredging pipeline (2) connected to the dredging vessel, characterized in that: The dredger suction boat comprises a hull (11), a main pile (12) and a secondary pile (13) are arranged at the stern of the hull (11), and the main pile (12) and the secondary pile (13) are used for positioning and stepping of the hull (11); A reamer (14) is arranged at the bow of the hull (11), and the reamer (14) is used to extend underwater to perform rotary cutting; The hull (11) is also provided with a sludge suction pipe (15), the underwater end of the sludge suction pipe (15) being used to absorb the sludge cut by the reamer (14), the above-water end of the sludge suction pipe (15) being connected to the sludge delivery pipeline (2), and the sludge delivery pipeline (2) being used to deliver the sludge to the shore; Swing anchors (16) are provided on both the port side and the starboard side of the hull (11), and the swing anchors (16) are used to adjust the angle of the bow.

2. A dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mud delivery pipeline (2) comprises: a shore pipe section, a floating pipe section and a submerged pipe section, one end of the floating pipe section is connected to the mud suction pipe (15), the other end of the floating pipe section is connected to the submerged pipe section, and the submerged pipe section is connected to the shore pipe section; The shore pipe section is provided with a breaking device (3), the breaking device (3) comprising a box (31), a rotating knife group (32) being installed in the box (31), the rotating knife group (32) being used to break up the sludge flowing through the box (31).

3. A dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Anchor arms (17) are provided on both the port side and the starboard side of the hull (11); the swing anchor (16) is connected to the anchor arms (17) via a cable; and the anchor arms (17) are movably connected to the hull (11).

4. A dredging method, characterized in that: A dredging system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, comprising the following steps: S1: The dredging vessel is positioned and deployed, the dredging vessel is transported to the excavation starting point, the dredging cutter (14) is located at the construction center of the trench, the main pile (12) is lowered for positioning; and the swing anchors (16) are dropped on the port and starboard sides of the hull (11); S2: connecting the mud suction pipe (15) to the mud delivery pipeline (2); S3: The cutter suction boat excavates, and the excavation is controlled by zoning construction, segmentation construction, belt construction, and layered construction until the dredging operation in the dredging area is completed; The zoning construction: divide the dredging area into at least three construction areas; The said zone construction: each said construction area is divided into a number of construction strips along the vertical dredging direction; The segmented construction: each of the construction strips is divided into a number of construction sections along the extension direction of each of the construction strips; The layered construction: each of the construction sections is divided into at least two construction layers along the thickness direction.

5. A dredging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the strip construction in S3, the width of each construction strip is 1.1 to 1.3 times the length of the hull (11).

6. A dredging method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the strip construction described in S3, the construction strip overlaps the adjacent construction strip by 4 to 5 meters.

7. A dredging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the segmented construction described in S3, the length of each construction segment is 100-200m.

8. A dredging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the layered construction in S3, the thickness of each construction layer is 0.5 to 2 times the diameter of the reamer (14).

9. A dredging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the layered construction described in S3, the slope is constructed by step excavation, and the slope ratio is 1:4~1:

2.

10. A dredging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the swing anchors (16) are dropped on the port and starboard sides of the hull (11) in S1, the leading angle of the swing anchors (16) is not greater than 25°.

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