Rapid deslagging method and construction method for small-section tunnel

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid deslagging method and construction method for a small-section tunnel. The deslagging method comprises the following steps that S31, a first transport vehicle and a second transport vehicle enter a tunnel face at the foremost end in the tunnel together and are placed in the length direction of the tunnel; and S32, after the first transport vehicle enters the forefront tunnel face in the tunnel, the loader loads the first transport vehicle with ballast, and after the second transport vehicle enters the outer side of the forefront tunnel face in the tunnel, ballast loading of the first transport vehicle is stopped, and ballast loading of the second transport vehicle is conducted. The general waiting time of drivers is about the time for two transport vehicles to enter and exit from the tunnel and one transport vehicle to be full of ballast, and compared with the prior art, the waiting time of most drivers is longer than the time for two transport vehicles to enter and exit from the tunnel and the time for two transport vehicles to be full of ballast, so that the waiting time of part of drivers in the tunnel is greatly shortened; and the influence on the physical and psychological health of the driver due to long-time tunnel positioning is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and specifically, to a method for quickly discharging muck from a small-section tunnel and a construction method therefor. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of single-track railway tunnels, due to the narrow tunnel section, only one transport vehicle can pass through, and the distance at the very front of the tunnel is short due to the requirements of the tunnel operation step distance. Therefore, in the muck discharging process, there are currently two methods. The first method is to reverse from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel face, load the muck, drive out of the tunnel after loading, and then the second transport vehicle reverses to the tunnel face to load the muck, and the cycle continues. The disadvantage of this method is low muck discharging efficiency, long time consumption, and high requirements for the operation level of vehicle drivers. The second method is to set up a refuge cave in the tunnel. When the first transport vehicle in the tunnel is loading muck, the second transport vehicle can drive forward from outside the tunnel to the refuge cave in the tunnel. Then, when the first transport vehicle finishes loading muck and drives beyond the refuge cave, the second transport vehicle comes out of the refuge cave, reverses to the tunnel face to load the muck, and the cycle continues. Whether it is the first method or the second method, another transport vehicle can only enter to load muck after a full-load vehicle drives out, resulting in the loader being unable to operate continuously and causing low efficiency in the muck discharging process of tunnel construction.

[0003] In response to this, the authorized patent with the application number: 202211299703.X and the patent name: An efficient muck discharging method for small-section tunnel construction proposes a new muck discharging method, which greatly improves the tunnel construction efficiency.

[0004] However, this method still has some defects. When transport vehicle B is full and transport vehicle C moves to the front of transport vehicle A, both transport vehicles A and C need to wait until both are full before transporting out of the tunnel, resulting in too long waiting time for transport vehicles A and C in the tunnel. Currently, due to the complex tunnel construction environment, imperfect and costly unmanned driving technology, the driving of transport vehicles needs to be realized by a driver. Due to the poor tunnel environment, narrowness, and poor air circulation, if the driver stays in the tunnel for a long time, it will affect the physical and mental health of the driver. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and propose a method for quickly discharging muck from a small-section tunnel and a construction method therefor, which can avoid the driver staying in the tunnel for a long time, protect the physical and mental health of the driver, and the construction efficiency is not inferior to the original plan.

[0006] The invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for quickly discharging muck from a small-section tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S31. The first transport vehicle and the second transport vehicle enter the tunnel face at the very front together and are placed along the tunnel length direction;

[0008] S32. After the first transport vehicle enters the face at the very front inside the tunnel, the loader loads the first transport vehicle with muck. After the second transport vehicle enters outside the face at the very front inside the tunnel, the loading of the first transport vehicle is paused, and the second transport vehicle is loaded with muck.

[0009] S33. After the second transport vehicle is loaded with muck, the loading of the first transport vehicle is continued. The second transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel. The third transport vehicle enters from outside the tunnel to the front of the first transport vehicle at the very front face inside the tunnel. At this time, the first transport vehicle is paused, and the third transport vehicle is loaded with muck. The drivers of the first transport vehicle and the third transport vehicle exchange.

[0010] S34. After the third transport vehicle is loaded with muck, the loading of the first transport vehicle is continued. After the third transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fourth transport vehicle enters the tunnel to the face. When the first transport vehicle finishes loading during the process of the third transport vehicle transporting the muck out of the tunnel, step S341 is executed; when the first transport vehicle finishes loading during the process of the fourth transport vehicle entering the tunnel, step S342 is executed; when the first transport vehicle fails to finish loading before the fourth transport vehicle moves to the front of the first transport vehicle at the very front face inside the tunnel, step S33 is executed again.

[0011] Among them, both step S341 and step S342 include the first transport vehicle transporting out of the tunnel, and the fourth transport vehicle and the fifth transport vehicle moving to the face at the very front inside the tunnel.

[0012] S35. Repeat steps S31 - S34 until the muck removal is completed.

[0013] Further: Step S341 is that after the first transport vehicle finishes loading, it transports the muck out of the tunnel. After the first transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fourth transport vehicle and the fifth transport vehicle enter the face at the very front inside the tunnel in sequence.

[0014] Further: Step S342 is that after the first transport vehicle finishes loading, the first transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel. At this time, the distances between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave, and between the first transport vehicle and the refuge cave are judged.

[0015] If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave is greater than the distance between the first transport vehicle and the refuge cave, the first transport vehicle enters the refuge cave. After the fourth transport vehicle passes by the refuge cave, the first transport vehicle leaves the refuge cave.

[0016] Further: If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave is less than the distance between the first transport vehicle and the refuge cave, the fourth transport vehicle enters the refuge cave. After the first transport vehicle passes by the refuge cave, the fourth transport vehicle leaves the refuge cave.

[0017] After the first transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fifth transport vehicle enters the heading face at the very front end inside the tunnel.

[0018] Furthermore: The loader used is a side-tipping loader.

[0019] A rapid construction method for a small-section tunnel includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. The excavator performs the operation of trimming the heading face, successively cleaning the dangerous rocks on the heading face, planing the scattered shotcrete on the base, and measuring and setting out the lines;

[0021] S2. Carry out the arrangement of blast holes. After installing the air and water pipelines, use a pneumatic drill to drill holes. After drilling is completed, remove the air and water pipelines and then charge and blast;

[0022] S3. Implement the above rapid construction method for the small-section tunnel;

[0023] S4. The shotcreting machine enters the tunnel for primary shotcreting. After primary shotcreting is completed, the shotcreting machine is removed from the tunnel;

[0024] S5. Install the arch;

[0025] S6. The shotcreting machine enters the tunnel for shotcreting. After shotcreting is completed, the shotcreting machine is removed from the tunnel;

[0026] S7. Repeat steps S1 - S6 until the construction is completed.

[0027] Furthermore, the safe distance from the heading face to the inverted arch is 35m - 59m.

[0028] Furthermore, the safe distance from the heading face to the secondary lining is 90m - 108m.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] (1) In this invention, the general waiting time of the drivers is approximately the time for two transport vehicles to enter and exit the tunnel and one transport vehicle to be filled with muck. Compared with the existing technology where the waiting time of the vast majority of drivers is higher than the time for two transport vehicles to enter and exit the tunnel and two transport vehicles to be filled with muck, the waiting time of some drivers inside the tunnel is greatly reduced, and the impact on the physical and mental health of the drivers due to staying in the tunnel for a long time is reduced.

[0031] (2) Since the working time of the loader in this invention is basically the same as that of the original plan, the construction efficiency of this invention is guaranteed to be not lower than that of the original plan. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of this invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a comparison diagram between this invention and the existing technology.

[0034] The labels in the attached drawings are as follows: 1 - the first transport vehicle, 2 - the second transport vehicle, 3 - the tunnel face, 4 - the refuge bay, 5 - the secondary lining, 6 - the invert, 7 - the loader. Specific embodiments

[0035] For ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant attached drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are shown in the attached drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0036] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixedly provided on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 , which shows the rapid construction method for small-section tunnels in the first embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0039] S31. The first transport vehicle 1 and the second transport vehicle 2 enter the tunnel face 3 at the very front end inside the tunnel and are placed along the tunnel length direction.

[0040] S32. After the first transport vehicle 1 enters the tunnel face 3 at the very front end inside the tunnel, the loader 7 loads the first transport vehicle 1 with muck. After the second transport vehicle 2 enters the outside of the tunnel face 3 at the very front end inside the tunnel, the loading of the first transport vehicle 1 is paused and the second transport vehicle 2 is loaded with muck. Among them, the loader 7 is a side-tipping loader.

[0041] S33. After the second transport vehicle 2 is loaded with muck, the first transport vehicle 1 is continuously loaded with muck. The second transport vehicle 2 transports the muck out of the tunnel, and the third transport vehicle enters from outside the tunnel to the front of the first transport vehicle 1 at the very front end of the tunnel face 3 inside the tunnel. At this time, the first transport vehicle 1 is paused and the third transport vehicle is loaded with muck, and the drivers of the first transport vehicle 1 and the third transport vehicle exchange.

[0042] S34. After the third transport vehicle finishes loading muck, continue to load the first transport vehicle 1. After the third transport vehicle transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fourth transport vehicle enters the tunnel to the heading face 3. When the first transport vehicle 1 finishes loading muck during the process of the third transport vehicle transporting muck out of the tunnel, execute step S341. When the first transport vehicle 1 finishes loading muck during the process of the fourth transport vehicle entering the tunnel, execute step S342. When the first transport vehicle 1 fails to finish loading muck before the fourth transport vehicle moves to the front of the first transport vehicle 1 at the forefront heading face 3 in the tunnel, execute step S33 again.

[0043] Among them, both step S341 and step S342 include the first transport vehicle 1 transporting out of the tunnel, and the fourth and fifth transport vehicles moving to the forefront heading face 3 in the tunnel.

[0044] The specific content of step S341 is: After the first transport vehicle 1 finishes loading muck, it immediately transports the muck out of the tunnel. After the first transport vehicle 1 transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fourth and fifth transport vehicles enter the forefront heading face 3 in the tunnel in sequence.

[0045] The specific content of step S342 is: After the first transport vehicle 1 finishes loading muck, the first transport vehicle 1 transports the muck out of the tunnel. At this time, judge the distances between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave 4, and between the first transport vehicle 1 and the refuge cave 4.

[0046] If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave 4 is greater than the distance between the first transport vehicle 1 and the refuge cave 4, the first transport vehicle 1 enters the refuge cave 4. After the fourth transport vehicle passes by the refuge cave 4, the first transport vehicle 1 leaves the refuge cave 4.

[0047] If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the refuge cave 4 is less than the distance between the first transport vehicle 1 and the refuge cave 4, the fourth transport vehicle enters the refuge cave 4. After the first transport vehicle 1 passes by the refuge cave 4, the fourth transport vehicle leaves the refuge cave 4.

[0048] After the first transport vehicle 1 transports the muck out of the tunnel, the fifth transport vehicle enters the forefront heading face 3 in the tunnel.

[0049] S35. Repeat steps S31 - S34 until the muck removal is completed.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a rapid construction method for a small - section tunnel, including the following steps:

[0051] S1. The excavator performs the operation of leveling the heading face 3, and sequentially clears the dangerous rocks on the heading face 3, planes the scattered shotcrete on the base, and measures and sets out the lines.

[0052] S2. Conduct blast hole layout. After installing the air and water pipelines, use a pneumatic drill to drill holes. After drilling, remove the air and water pipelines and then charge and blast.

[0053] S3. Implement the rapid construction method for small-section tunnels in Embodiment 1.

[0054] S4. The shotcreting machine enters the tunnel for initial shotcreting. After the initial shotcreting is completed, the shotcreting machine is removed from the tunnel.

[0055] S5. Install the arch.

[0056] S6. The shotcreting machine enters the tunnel for shotcreting. After the shotcreting is completed, the shotcreting machine is removed from the tunnel.

[0057] S7. Repeat steps S1 - S6 until the construction is completed.

[0058] In the tunnel, the safety distance from the tunnel face 3 to the secondary lining 5 is 108 m; the safety distance from the tunnel face 3 to the inverted arch 6 is 59 m.

[0059] The refuge bays 4 are arranged at intervals of 180 m along the extension direction of the tunnel. This solves the problem of passing and turning around for equipment such as excavators, loaders 7, concrete transport tank trucks, and muck trucks during operation, and greatly reduces the time for excavators to withdraw from and enter the operation area.

[0060] After the construction of the initial support and the floor of the refuge bay 4 is completed, the net clear dimension is 8 m wide * 6 m (height) * 10 m long.

[0061] The loader 7 adopts a side-tipping loader 7. In the structure adopted in this method, the side wall of the section can be expanded to 6.52 m, with one side increased by 14 cm. The side-tipping loader 7 discharges muck with the muck truck, and another muck truck waits in the section where the inverted arch 6 has not been constructed.

[0062] When shotcreting in the structure adopted in this method, adding a wet shotcreting vehicle can save some time.

[0063] Using the progress of this embodiment and the most original method in the recent 6 months, through comparison, the tunnel footage has been significantly improved. See Table 1 below and Figure 2 .

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Using the progress of this embodiment and the patented method in the recent 6 months, through comparison, the tunnel footage has been significantly improved. See Table 2 below.

[0068] Table 2

[0069]

[0070] It can be seen from two tests that by adopting this method, there is no obvious difference in the construction efficiency compared with that in the authorized patent. Compared with the most primitive method, the construction efficiency of this method has been greatly improved.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0072] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent of the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapid slag removal in a small-section tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S31, the first transport vehicle and the second transport vehicle enter the frontmost face of the tunnel together and are placed along the length of the tunnel; S32, after the first transport vehicle enters the tunnel face at the front end, the loader loads ballast onto the first transport vehicle, and after the second transport vehicle enters the outer side of the tunnel face at the front end, the loading of ballast onto the first transport vehicle is stopped, and the loading of ballast onto the second transport vehicle is started; S33, after the second transport vehicle has finished loading ballast, it continues to load ballast on the first transport vehicle, and the second transport vehicle transports ballast out of the tunnel. The third transport vehicle then enters the tunnel from outside to the front of the first transport vehicle at the front end of the tunnel face. At this time, the first transport vehicle is stopped, and the third transport vehicle is loaded with ballast. The drivers of the first and third transport vehicles are exchanged; S34, after the third transport vehicle has finished loading the ballast, the first transport vehicle will continue to load the ballast. After the third transport vehicle has transported the ballast out of the tunnel, the fourth transport vehicle will enter the tunnel to the tunnel face; when the first transport vehicle has completed loading the ballast while the third transport vehicle is transporting the ballast out of the tunnel, step S341 will be executed; when the first transport vehicle has completed loading the ballast while the fourth transport vehicle is entering the tunnel, step S342 will be executed; when the first transport vehicle has not completed loading the ballast before the fourth transport vehicle moves to the front of the first transport vehicle at the frontmost tunnel face in the tunnel, step S33 will be executed again; Wherein, both step S341 and step S342 include the first transport vehicle transporting out of the tunnel, and the fourth transport vehicle and the fifth transport vehicle moving to the frontmost face in the tunnel; S35, repeat steps S31-S34 until mucking is completed.

2. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S341 is that after the first transport vehicle completes the ballast loading, it transports the ballast out of the tunnel. After the first transport vehicle transports the ballast out of the tunnel, the fourth transport vehicle and the fifth transport vehicle enter the frontmost face in the tunnel in sequence.

3. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S342 is that after the first transport vehicle has finished loading the ballast, the first transport vehicle transports the ballast out of the tunnel, and at this time, the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the tunnel, and the distance between the first transport vehicle and the tunnel are determined; If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the shelter is greater than the distance between the first transport vehicle and the shelter, the first transport vehicle will enter the shelter, and after the fourth transport vehicle passes through the shelter, the first transport vehicle will leave the shelter.

4. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: If the distance between the fourth transport vehicle and the shelter is smaller than the distance between the first transport vehicle and the shelter, the fourth transport vehicle will enter the shelter, and will leave the shelter after the first transport vehicle passes through the shelter. After the first transport truck transports the slag out of the tunnel, the fifth transport truck enters the frontmost face of the tunnel.

5. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loader is a side-turn loader.

6. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The excavator performs the alignment operation on the tunnel face, clears the dangerous rocks on the tunnel face, flattens the scattered shotcrete on the base, and measures and lays out the lines; S2. Arrange blastholes, use a pneumatic drill to drill holes after installing the Fengshui pipeline, and after drilling, dismantle the Fengshui pipeline and then carry out charge blasting; S3. Execute the small-section tunnel rapid construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6; S4, the shotcrete machine enters the hole for initial spraying, and after the initial spraying is completed, the shotcrete machine is removed from the hole; S5. Install the vertical arch; S6, the shotcrete machine enters the hole to spray, and after the spraying is completed, the shotcrete machine is removed from the hole; S7, repeat steps S1-S6 until the construction is completed.

7. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The safe step distance from the tunnel face to the invert is 35m-59m.

8. A method for rapid construction of a small-section tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The safe step distance from the heading face to the secondary lining is 90m-108m.

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