Anti-shearing tunnel supporting structure without exposed anchorage device and installation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel supporting technologies, in particular to an anti-shearing tunnel supporting structure without an exposed anchorage device and an installation method.The anti-shearing tunnel supporting structure without the exposed anchorage device comprises an anchor rod formed by twisting a plurality of steel strands and further comprises an anchor cable beam, an anchor cable, a steel wire rope, a steel wire rope and a steel wire rope, and the anchor cable beam is provided with a kidney-shaped groove used for being connected with the anchor rod in an inserted mode; a plurality of joint pins are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the anchor cable beam along the edge at equal intervals, threaded holes are formed in the portions, corresponding to the joint pins, of the anchor cable beam in a penetrating mode, the joint pins protrude out of one side of the anchor cable beam, and the protruding portions are matched with the threaded holes; the anchorage device is made of a soft material and is used for protecting the anchor rod at the part, inserted into the anchor cable beam, of the anchor rod; a tray hole matched with the anchorage device is formed in the tray in a penetrating mode, a wave groove is formed in the edge of the side edge of the tray surface of the tray, and a groove body of the wave groove protrudes out of one side of the tray surface of the tray. The tunnel supporting structure has the effects that the collapse probability in the tunnel construction process is further reduced, and the stability of the tunnel supporting structure is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel support technologies, and in particular, to a tunnel support structure without exposed anchors for shear resistance and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the design and construction of a tunnel, it is necessary to support the tunnel roof to avoid engineering accidents caused by tunnel collapse or prevent stones from falling and injuring construction workers. Advanced support is an essential engineering technical measure in underground projects such as tunnels and roadways. Specifically, advanced support is an auxiliary measure taken before tunnel excavation to control the deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rock and prevent the tunnel face from becoming unstable and causing tunnel collapse. Especially in soft and fractured surrounding rock, the initial support needs to be in place before the excavation disturbance causes large deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0003] During advanced support, construction workers, with the assistance of an advanced hydraulic support, use metal structures such as anchor bolts and trays to drill holes and insert anchor bolts or small ducts in the area near the front or top of the tunnel face, and use the supporting force and friction force of the anchor bolts or small ducts to fix the surrounding rock within a certain range to avoid the deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rock.

[0004] During the above advanced support process, anchor bolts and trays are important components of the tunnel support structure. In practical applications, a single anchor bolt cannot achieve fixation, so it is necessary to install a cable beam within the area where the tunnel wall fits between multiple anchor bolts to achieve a supporting effect.

[0005] In the traditional solution, a single cable beam is supported by only one or two anchor bolts, and the support area is limited. There is no joint structure on the cable beam to join multiple cable beams into a whole. Therefore, for a large support area, construction workers need to repeatedly confirm the positions of multiple cable beams, increasing the construction difficulty. In addition, the inability to join multiple cable beams results in an unfixed state between the cable beams, which is a weak state and there is still a certain risk of collapse.

[0006] In view of the above related technologies, it is necessary to improve the tunnel support structure of the traditional solution to further reduce the probability of collapse during tunnel construction and increase the stability of the support structure to ensure construction safety. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to further reduce the probability of collapse during tunnel construction and increase the stability of the tunnel support structure, the present application provides a tunnel support structure without exposed anchors for shear resistance and an installation method thereof.

[0008] On the one hand, the present application provides a tunnel support structure without exposed anchors for shear resistance, adopting the following technical solution: A tunnel support structure without exposed anchors for shear resistance includes an anchor bolt formed by twisting multiple steel strands, and further includes; A cable beam, on which there is a waist-shaped groove for inserting a bolt. A plurality of engagement pins are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the edges on the opposite sides of the cable beam. Threaded holes are provided in the parts of the cable beam corresponding to the engagement pins. A plurality of engagement pins protrude from one side of the cable beam, and the protruding parts are adapted to the threaded holes. An anchor fitting, which is composed of a soft material, is used to protect the bolt at the part where the bolt is inserted into the cable beam. A tray, on which there is a tray hole adapted to the anchor fitting. Wave-shaped grooves are provided at the side edges of the tray surface, and the groove bodies of the wave-shaped grooves protrude from one side of the tray surface.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the cable beam, the anchor fitting, the tray and the bolt form a tunnel support structure. Tunnel construction workers, with the assistance of an advanced hydraulic support, drive the tunnel support structure into the surrounding rock structure above the heading face to reinforce the tunnel roof. In the above solution, the cable beam is a steel beam component that directly contacts the surrounding rock structure. The beam surface of the cable beam expands the point fixation of the bolt into a surface support within a limited range under the support of the bolt. To ensure the support effect, the beam surface of the cable beam should fit the support surface with a smaller curvature of the surrounding rock structure. Therefore, construction workers should select the appropriate direction for the steel beam to be close to according to the surrounding rock support surface, and try to avoid forming an arched structure between the beam surface of the cable beam and the surrounding rock support surface. In the above solution, as a support component at the bottom side of the cable beam, the tray is arranged at the part where the bolt connects the cable beam. The tray hole provided in the middle of the tray is used for the bolt to be inserted. However, the direct contact between the tray and the bolt is likely to be worn and damaged in advance during the effective support period. In the above solution, an anchor fitting is sleeved at the part where the bolt connects the tray, and the aperture of the tray hole is designed to be larger than the diameter of the bolt to adapt to the diameter of the anchor fitting. The anchor fitting is made of a soft material. When the roof rock above the cable beam cracks, the lateral shear force brought by the tray to the bolt is greatly reduced, and the single steel strands forming the bolt are prevented from being damaged. Therefore, after the anchor fitting is installed on the tray, one end of it should extend to the part where the bolt is inserted into the cable beam to simultaneously weaken the shear damage of the cable beam to the bolt. In summary, after the bolt is drilled, the cable beam is installed correspondingly, and the tray is threaded through the bolt to support the cable beam. An anchor fitting is installed on the bolt and sleeved on the tray, so that the anchor fitting fills the connection part between the tray, the cable beam and the bolt. In addition, in the above solution, a plurality of engagement pins are fixedly connected to two opposite edges on one side of the cable anchor beam, and the plurality of engagement pins are evenly distributed. Threaded holes are provided in the part of the cable anchor beam surface corresponding to the engagement pins. Further, in the above solution, a through hole without threads is provided in the cable anchor beam body, and the threaded holes should be distributed in the engagement pin body so that the engagement pin can perform the function of a nut. The engagement pin body should be adapted to the through hole, that is, the engagement pin of one cable anchor beam can be stably inserted into the engagement pin of another cable anchor beam. Thus, when the surface to be supported on the surrounding rock support surface is relatively large, after a construction worker installs one cable anchor beam, another cable anchor beam is placed parallel or perpendicular to this cable anchor beam. If placed parallel, the engagement pins on one side edge of the other cable anchor beam are inserted into the through holes of this cable anchor beam, and the relative horizontal orientation of the two cable anchor beams is adjusted. If placed perpendicular, two of the engagement pins among the plurality of engagement pins on one side edge of the other cable anchor beam are inserted into the two through holes near the end of this cable anchor beam; the two cable anchor beams are joined into an integral body. Similarly, it can be further extended to join multiple cable anchor beams into an integral body to fix the entire surrounding rock structure.

[0010] Optionally, the waist-shaped groove is parallel to the length direction of the cable anchor beam; The cable anchor beam is provided with a plurality of wave arc grooves on both sides of the waist-shaped groove, and the plurality of wave arc grooves are adapted to the wave groove body part to position the tray, and the distance between two adjacent wave arc grooves on the same side is preset.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the waist-shaped groove is the groove for the cable anchor beam to insert the bolt. In the above solution, the two ends of the waist-shaped groove are respectively close to the two ends of the cable anchor beam so that the bolt has sufficient adjustment distance. Each of the above wave arc grooves can be regarded as an arc line with the bolt in the waist-shaped groove as the center of the circle. The center line connection of the plurality of wave arc grooves coincides with the length direction of the waist-shaped groove. The curvature of the arc line of the wave arc groove should be adapted to the curvature of the wave groove on the tray, that is, the construction worker can align the wave groove on the tray with the wave arc groove and insert it. The tray corresponds to one wave arc groove at a time, realizing the azimuth adjustment of the tray along the length position of the cable anchor beam. Further, the position of the support point is adjusted, that is, the position where the bolt is inserted into the cable anchor beam is adjusted, so as to improve the problem that the fixed position of the insertion of the cable anchor beam and the bolt cannot be adjusted according to the corresponding actual support surface.

[0012] Optionally, an anchor hole for installing the bolt is provided on the anchor, and the diameter of one end of the anchor gradually decreases along the direction away from the center of the anchor; In addition, it further includes; An extrusion member, the extrusion member is adapted to be arranged on the inner wall of the anchor hole. When the bolt is inserted into the anchor, the extrusion member is sleeved on the bolt to expand the anchor hole.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the cross-sectional diameter of the anchor decreases along the length direction, making the overall shape of the anchor conical; in the tunnel support structure, the end with a smaller cross-sectional diameter of the anchor faces upward and is used to insert the installation part of the cable anchor beam and the cable anchor. To ensure the insertion of the anchor bolt and the anchor, the anchor hole in the central part of the anchor should be larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the anchor bolt, so as to avoid the frictional force between the anchor and the anchor bolt from hindering the installation by construction workers when the anchor is sleeved and slides along the length direction of the anchor bolt. At the same time, to ensure the connection tightness, an extrusion part is inserted between the anchor hole and the anchor bolt to fill and expand the anchor hole, so that the outer wall of the anchor hole abuts against the cable anchor beam and the tray; thus, the thickness of the extrusion part should be greater than the radius difference between the anchor hole and the anchor bolt.

[0014] Optionally, the part of the tray corresponding to the tray hole bends and protrudes toward one side, and the edge of the tray hole is inclined to fit the side wall of the anchor.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the tray arranged below the cable anchor beam plays a supporting role. The extrusion of the surrounding rock structure above the cable anchor beam easily causes the deformation of both ends of the cable anchor beam in the length direction. The central part of the tray protrudes in an arc shape to form a hemispherical shape, using the arc structure to improve the overall stiffness of the tray and support the edge of the tray, sharing the stress at the edge of the tray, and then reducing the deformation degree of the cable anchor beam by increasing the strength of the tray.

[0016] The tray hole is opened in the central part of the above-mentioned hemispherical protrusion.

[0017] Optionally, wave-shaped straight grooves are parallelly opened on two opposite sides of the cable anchor beam, and the length of the wave-shaped straight grooves is greater than the length of the kidney-shaped groove.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the length of the wave-shaped straight groove is greater than the length of the kidney-shaped groove. Further, the length of the wave-shaped straight groove should exceed the distribution area of the wave-shaped arc groove, and the length of the wave-shaped straight groove should be less than the distance between the two engagement pins with the largest distance on the same side of the cable anchor beam. The wave-shaped straight groove realizes the protection of the tray without interfering with the installation of another cable anchor beam, that is, making a structural concession for the installation of other cable anchor beams.

[0019] Optionally, the height of the part of the wave-shaped groove protruding from the tray is greater than the protruding height on the same side when the anchor is inserted into the tray hole.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the wave-shaped groove can achieve the protection effect on the anchor in the tray. When the advanced hydraulic support operates, it avoids the interference between the support surface at the top of the support and the anchor and the end of the anchor bolt in the above solution. The wave-shaped straight groove is in direct contact with the top of the advanced hydraulic support as a contact surface to support the advanced hydraulic support.

[0021] On the other hand, the present application provides an installation method for a tunnel support structure with a shear-resistant non-exposed anchor.

[0022] An installation method for a tunnel support structure with shear-resistant and non-exposed anchors, comprising the following steps: Construction workers confirm the surrounding rock reinforcement points, drill holes, install the anchor rods, and install the cable beam corresponding to the anchor rods, with the cable beam fitting against the surrounding rock; Install the tray corresponding to each anchor rod, making the tray abut against the cable beam, inserting the anchor into the anchor rod and sliding it until the anchor abuts against the tray; Install the extrusion piece in the anchor hole, expand the anchor hole, and make the side wall of the anchor tightly abut against the tray hole.

[0023] Optionally, it further includes the following steps; Construction workers determine the surrounding rock reinforcement surface, complete the installation of the anchor rod and the cable beam on the reinforcement surface, take another cable beam and make the plurality of engagement pins of this cable beam correspond to the threaded holes of the installed cable beam, and insert them; Confirm the installation point of the anchor rod and fix the cable beam.

[0024] By adopting the above steps, when construction workers confirm the surrounding rock reinforcement points, they need to ensure that the flatness of the surrounding rock near the reinforcement points can install the cable beam, ensure the stable installation of the cable beam to fix the surrounding rock area, drill holes and place gel bottles into the holes, and then drive in the anchor rods. The anchor rods crush the gel bottles and release the gel in the gel bottles. The viscous force of the gel and the frictional force with the hole wall make the anchor rods stably inserted inside the holes. At least two anchor rods correspond to one cable beam, and the corresponding anchor rods are inserted into the waist-shaped grooves of the cable beam. Then, construction workers install the tray onto the anchor rods, with the side of the tray without raised protrusions facing up and abutting against the cable beam. At this time, the cable beam and the tray are in an unfixed state. Then, construction workers insert and install the extrusion piece into the anchor. Construction workers install the extrusion piece inside the anchor until the main body part of the extrusion piece is embedded inside the anchor to fill the anchor, making the anchor bulge, and the side of the anchor tightly abut against the cable beam.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The structural design of the wave arc groove and the waist-shaped groove increases the limit of the position adjustment of the anchor rod, and the wave arc groove positions and fixes the tray in the waist-shaped groove; 2. Through the perforation insertion of the engagement pin and the cable beam at the engagement pin, and then inserting bolts into the threaded holes, the joining of two cable beams is realized, thereby realizing the fixation of a large support surface. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel support structure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for highlighting the anchor rod in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of one direction of the tray in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the tray in the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram for highlighting the anchor in this embodiment.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the anchor in this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram for highlighting the extrusion piece in this embodiment.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram for highlighting the cable anchor beam in this embodiment.

[0034] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the joint pin in this embodiment.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, anchor rod; 2, tray; 21, convex part; 22, tray hole; 23, wave groove; 3, anchor; 31, anchor hole; 32, end ring; 33, extrusion piece; 4, cable anchor beam; 41, waist-shaped groove; 42, wave-shaped curved groove; 43, joint pin; 44, joint hole; 45, threaded hole; 46, wave-shaped straight groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] The following further elaborates on the present application in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-9 drawings.

[0037] The embodiment of the present application first discloses a tunnel support structure with a shear-resistant and non-exposed anchor. Referring to Figure 1 , a tunnel support structure with a shear-resistant and non-exposed anchor 3 includes a cable anchor beam 4, an anchor rod 1, a tray 2 and an anchor 3. The anchor rod 1 is perpendicular to the cable anchor beam 4 and is inserted into the cable anchor beam 4; the tray 2 is inserted into the anchor rod 1, and the tray surface of the tray 2 abuts against the cable anchor beam 4 to support and fix the cable anchor beam 4; the anchor 3 is arranged between the tray 2 and the anchor rod 1, and between the cable anchor beam 4 and the anchor rod 1 for protecting the anchor rod 1.

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in this embodiment, the anchor rod 1 is formed by twisting multiple steel strands. The interaction between the multiple steel strands can improve the tensile strength of the anchor rod 1, and the anchor rod 1 can withstand greater stress.

[0039] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the surface of the tray 2 is circular. The middle part of the surface of the tray 2 bends and protrudes towards one side of the surface of the tray 2 to form a hemispherical shape, which is the protruding part 21. Due to the supporting effect of the surface of the tray 2 on the cable anchor beam 4, the hemispherical protruding part 21 of the surface of the tray 2 can effectively improve the anti-bending degree of the surface of the tray 2. A tray hole 22 is provided on the protruding part 21 of the tray 2. The tray hole 22 is used for inserting the bolt 1, but the diameter of the tray hole 22 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the bolt 1. When the bolt 1 is inserted into the tray hole 22, a gap is formed between the bolt 1 and the hole wall of the tray hole 22, which is used for inserting the anchor 3 that can protect the bolt 1.

[0040] Refer to Figure 3 And Figure 4 , a wavy groove 23 is provided on the side edge part of the tray 2. The groove part of the wavy groove 23 bends towards the side of the protruding part 21, and the cross-sectional shape of the wavy groove 23 is triangular.

[0041] Refer to Figure 5 And Figure 6 , in this embodiment, the body of the anchor 3 is in a cylindrical shape. A perforation is provided in the middle part of the anchor 3, which is the anchor hole 31. One end of the anchor 3 is provided with an end ring 32. One side surface of the end ring 32 is flush with the end surface of the body of the anchor 3. The side wall of the body of the anchor 3 is inclined towards the central axis of the anchor 3 in the direction away from the end ring 32, that is, the cross-sectional diameter of the anchor 3 decreases in the direction away from the end ring 32. The part where the side wall of the body of the anchor 3 is connected to the side surface of the end ring 32 close to the center of the anchor 3 is inclined, so that the whole anchor 3 is in a "conical" shape.

[0042] Refer to Figure 5 And Figure 7 , a plurality of extrusion sheets 33 are inserted into the anchor hole 31. Each extrusion sheet 33 is in an arc shape. The plurality of extrusion sheets 33 are inserted into the anchor hole 31, and the opposite sides are in contact with each other to form a cylinder. The thickness of each extrusion sheet 33 decreases uniformly towards one side, so that the cross-section of the extrusion sheet 33 is triangular. In this embodiment, the diameter of the anchor hole 31 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the bolt 1, so that when the bolt 1 is inserted into the anchor hole 31, the part between the inner wall of the anchor hole 31 and the bolt 1 is used for inserting the extrusion sheet 33. The construction worker uses the end with the smaller thickness of the extrusion sheet 33 as the head, aligns it with the anchor hole 31, and presses the end with the larger thickness of the extrusion sheet 33 by hand until the end with the larger thickness of the extrusion sheet 33 is flush with the surface of the end ring 32 of the anchor 3.

[0043] In summary, in this embodiment, the significance of the diameter of the anchor hole 31 in the anchor 3 being larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the bolt 1 is that it is convenient for the construction worker to make the interval between the bolt 1 and the anchor 3 smooth for the anchor 3 to slide along the bolt 1 after the bolt 1 is inserted into the anchor 3 until the anchor 3 slides to abut against the end ring 32 of the anchor 3. The construction worker installs the extrusion sheet 33 to expand the side wall of the anchor 3 until it abuts against the tray hole 22.

[0044] Looking backFigure 1 With Figure 4 , the convex part 21 of the tray 2 is inclined to fit the above-mentioned anchor 3 at the edge of the tray hole 22.

[0045] Refer to Figure 8 , the length of the cable anchor beam 4 is greater than the width, presenting a rectangular plate shape; a waist-shaped groove 41 for inserting the anchor rod 1 is provided in the middle part of the cable anchor beam 4 parallel to the length direction of the cable anchor beam 4. The length of the waist-shaped groove 41 is parallel to the length direction of the cable anchor beam 4, so that the anchor rod 1 can slide along the waist-shaped groove 41 to flexibly adjust the position of the anchor rod 1; the width of the waist-shaped groove 41 is greater than the cross-sectional diameter of the anchor rod 1 and at the same time smaller than the aperture of the tray hole 22; when the anchor rod 1 is inserted into the waist-shaped groove 41, the part between the inner groove wall of the waist-shaped groove 41 and the anchor rod 1 is used for inserting the anchor 3, and the extrusion piece 33 is inserted into and expands the anchor 3, so that the side wall of the anchor 3 abuts against the waist-shaped groove 41 to fix the cable anchor beam 4.

[0046] Refer to Figure 1 With Figure 8 , taking the side of the cable anchor beam 4 close to the tray 2 as the bottom surface after the installation of the tunnel support structure as an example, correspondingly, the other side of the cable anchor beam 4 is the top surface; a plurality of wave arc grooves 42 are provided on both sides of the waist-shaped groove 41 on the bottom surface of the cable anchor beam 4. The plurality of wave arc grooves 42 on the same side of the waist-shaped groove 41 are equally spaced along the length direction of the waist-shaped groove 41. The groove body parts of the plurality of wave arc grooves 42 protrude from the bottom surface of the cable anchor beam 4. The grooves of the plurality of wave arc grooves 42 are arc-shaped with the anchor rod 1 inserted into the waist-shaped groove 41 as the center of the circle. The wave arc grooves 42 are adapted to the wave grooves 23 for positioning the tray 2 inserted into the anchor rod 1 and abutting against the cable anchor beam 4, and in this embodiment, one wave arc groove 42 corresponds to one support position of the tray 2.

[0047] Refer to Figure 1 With Figure 9 , in this embodiment, the wave arc grooves 42 on both sides of the waist-shaped groove 41 are opposite and spaced apart, that is, the wave arc grooves 42 intercept the opposite part arcs of the circumference to increase the distribution density of the wave arc grooves 42 on the cable anchor beam 4.

[0048] Refer to Figure 8 With Figure 9, in this embodiment, a plurality of engagement pins 43 are fixedly connected to two opposite side edges in the length direction of the cable anchor beam 4. The plurality of engagement pins 43 protrude from the top and side surfaces of the cable anchor beam 4 perpendicular to the surface of the cable anchor beam 4. The plurality of engagement pins 43 are equally spaced along the length direction of the cable anchor beam 4. The engagement pins 43 at both ends of the same side edge are arranged at the corners of the cable anchor beam 4. The engagement pins 43 at the corners of the cable anchor beam 4 are fixedly arranged. Based on the different lengths of cable anchor beams 4 of different specifications, the distance between the engagement pins 43 at the corners and the adjacent engagement pins 43 changes according to the length of the actual cable anchor beam 4 specification; a portion of the cable anchor beam 4 body corresponding to the engagement pins 43 is provided with engagement holes 44, and the engagement holes 44 are adapted to the engagement pins 43; a threaded hole 45 is axially penetrated in the engagement pin 43. In this embodiment, the engagement pin 43 of one cable anchor beam 4 can be inserted into the engagement hole 44 of another cable anchor beam 4, and the engagement of multiple cable anchor beams 4 is realized by inserting and tightening bolts.

[0049] Referring to Figure 1 With Figure 8 , in this embodiment, wave straight grooves 46 are provided at both edges in the length direction of the bottom side of the cable anchor beam 4. The length direction of the wave straight grooves 46 is parallel to the length direction of the cable anchor beam 4. The length of the wave straight grooves 46 is greater than the length of the waist-shaped groove 41, but less than the distribution length of the engagement pins 43.

[0050] Looking back Figure 1 , the height by which the waist-shaped groove 41 protrudes from the bottom of the cable anchor beam 4 is higher than the height of the anchor 3 after the tunnel support structure is installed, so as to protect the anchor 3 and the tray 2 by using the groove part of the wave straight groove 46.

[0051] The implementation principle of the tunnel support structure with anti-shear and non-exposed anchors in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: The cable anchor beam 4, the anchor 3, the tray 2 and the bolt 1 are inserted into the tunnel support structure of this embodiment; The cable anchor beam 4 is a steel beam component directly contacting the surrounding rock structure. The beam surface of the cable anchor beam 4 expands the point fixation of the bolt 1 into a surface support within a limited range under the support of the bolt 1. In this embodiment, multiple cable anchor beams 4 can be connected through the engagement holes 44 and the engagement pins 43 to expand the stable support surface. During the process of connecting multiple cable anchor beams 4, the construction personnel should select the appropriate steel beam orientation according to the surrounding rock support surface.

[0052] After the construction personnel install one cable anchor beam 4, place another cable anchor beam 4 parallel or perpendicular to this cable anchor beam 4. If placed parallel, the engagement pin 43 on one side edge of the other cable anchor beam 4 is inserted into the perforation of this cable anchor beam 4, and the relative horizontal orientation of the two cable anchor beams 4 is adjusted. If placed perpendicular, two of the multiple engagement pins 43 on one side edge of the other cable anchor beam 4 are inserted into the two perforations near the end of this cable anchor beam 4; the two cable anchor beams 4 are joined into a whole. Similarly, it can be continuously expanded to join multiple cable anchor beams 4 into a whole to realize the fixation of the entire surrounding rock structure.

[0053] The tray 2 serves as a support assembly on the bottom side of the cable anchor beam 4 and abuts against the bottom side of the cable anchor beam 4 at the part where the anchor rod 1 is connected to the cable anchor beam 4. The aperture of the tray hole 22 and the width of the waist-shaped groove 41 are adapted to the diameter of the anchor fitting 3. The anchor fitting 3 is made of a soft material. Under the support of the extrusion piece 33, when the roof rock above the cable anchor beam 4 cracks, the lateral shear force brought by the tray 2 to the anchor rod 1 is greatly reduced, avoiding damage to the single steel strands that make up the anchor rod 1. Therefore, after the anchor fitting 3 is installed on the tray 2, one end of it should extend to the part where the anchor rod 1 is inserted into the cable anchor beam 4 to simultaneously weaken the shear damage of the cable anchor beam 4 to the anchor rod 1.

[0054] Based on the above-mentioned tunnel support structure with anti-shear and non-exposed anchor fittings 3, the embodiment of the present application discloses an installation method for the tunnel support structure with anti-shear and non-exposed anchor fittings 3.

[0055] An installation method for a tunnel support structure with anti-shear and non-exposed anchor fittings 3 includes the following steps: The construction workers confirm the surrounding rock reinforcement points in the preset area, drill holes, add gel bottles, drive in the anchor rods 1, and install the cable anchor beams 4 corresponding to the anchor rods 1, with the top side of the cable anchor beams 4 fitting against the surrounding rock. The construction workers adjust the cable anchor beam 4 to a suitable position along the length direction of the waist-shaped groove 41, and then support the cable anchor beam 4 with one hand and install a tray 2 for each anchor rod 1 with the other hand. The top side of the tray 2 abuts against the cable anchor beam 4, and the construction workers support the tray 2 with one hand. The construction workers operate with one hand to insert the anchor fitting 3 into the anchor rod 1 and slide it until the anchor fitting 3 abuts against the tray 2, and then insert the end with a smaller thickness of the extrusion piece into the anchor fitting hole 31. For the part between the anchor fitting hole 31 and the anchor rod 1, install and push the extrusion piece. One end of the anchor fitting 3 penetrates through the tray 2 along with the extrusion of the extrusion piece 33 and is inserted into the waist-shaped groove 41 to expand the anchor fitting hole 31 until the end with a larger thickness of the extrusion piece is flush with the end ring 32 of the anchor fitting 3. The construction workers install another cable anchor beam 4, select the placement direction according to the support surface, adjust the relative horizontal orientation of the two cable anchor beams 4, so that the engagement pin 43 on one side edge of the other cable anchor beam 4 is inserted into the engagement hole 44 of the installed cable anchor beam 4, and repeat the above steps until multiple cable anchor beams 4 are installed.

[0057] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors, comprising an anchor rod (1) formed by twisting a plurality of steel strands, characterized in that: Also includes; An anchor beam (4) is provided with a waist-shaped groove (41) for inserting an anchor rod (1), a plurality of engaging pins (43) are fixedly connected at equal intervals along the edge of the opposite side of the anchor beam (4), and threaded holes (45) are provided at the parts of the anchor beam (4) corresponding to the engaging pins (43), and the plurality of engaging pins (43) protrude from one side of the anchor beam (4), and the protruding parts are adapted to the threaded holes (45); An anchor (3), made of a soft material, is inserted into the anchor cable beam (4) at the anchor rod (1) to protect the anchor rod (1); A tray (2) is provided with a tray hole (22) adapted to the anchor (3), and a wave groove (23) is provided on the side edge of the tray surface of the tray (2), and the groove body of the wave groove (23) protrudes from one side of the tray surface of the tray (2).

2. The shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waist-shaped groove (41) is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable beam (4); The anchor cable beam (4) is provided with a plurality of wave arc grooves (42) on both sides of the waist-shaped groove (41); the plurality of wave arc grooves (42) are adapted to fit the groove body of the wave groove (23) to position the tray (2); and two adjacent wave arc grooves (42) on the same side are spaced apart by a preset distance.

3. The shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor (3) is provided with an anchor hole (31) for mounting the anchor rod (1), and the diameter of one end of the anchor (3) decreases in a direction away from the center of the anchor (3); In addition, it also includes; An extrusion piece is adapted to be arranged on the inner wall of the anchor hole (31); when the anchor rod (1) is inserted into the anchor (3), the extrusion piece is sleeved on the anchor rod (1) to expand the anchor hole (31).

4. The shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The portion of the tray (2) corresponding to the tray hole (22) is bent toward one side and protrudes, and the edge of the tray hole (22) is adapted to be inclined to the side wall of the anchor (3).

5. The shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Wave straight grooves (46) are parallelly provided on two opposite sides of the anchor cable beam (4), and the length of the wave straight groove (46) is greater than the length of the waist-shaped groove (41).

6. The shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the portion of the wave groove (23) protruding from the tray (2) is greater than the protruding height on the same side when the anchor (3) is plugged into the tray hole (22).

7. A method for installing a shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors, characterized in that: The steps include: The construction personnel confirm the drilling position of the surrounding rock, drill and install the anchor rod (1), install the anchor cable beam (4) corresponding to the anchor rod (1), and the anchor cable beam (4) fits the surrounding rock; The tray (2) is installed corresponding to each anchor rod (1) so that the tray (2) abuts against the anchor cable beam (4), and the anchor (3) is inserted into the anchor rod (1) and slides until the anchor (3) abuts against the tray (2); The extrusion piece is installed in the anchor hole (31), the anchor hole (31) is expanded, and the side wall of the anchor (3) is pressed against the tray hole (22).

8. The method for installing a shear-resistant tunnel support structure without exposed anchors according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included; The construction personnel determine the surrounding rock reinforcement surface, and complete the installation of the anchor rod (1) and the anchor cable beam (4) on the reinforcement surface, take another anchor cable beam (4) and make the multiple engagement pins (43) of the anchor cable beam (4) correspond to the threaded holes (45) of the installed anchor cable beam (4), and plug them in; The installation point of the anchor rod (1) is confirmed, and the anchor cable beam (4) is fixed.

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