Preheating-based solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporation steam, and particularly discloses a solar-driven interface evaporation steam preparation system and method based on preheating. The system comprises a supporting shell and a steam evaporation assembly arranged at the top end of the supporting shell; the steam evaporation assembly and the inner bottom face of the supporting shell are connected through a plurality of water conveying pieces to form a conveying channel, the steam evaporation assembly comprises a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer and a preheating layer, and a containing hole used for containing the preheating layer is formed in the center of the top end of the supporting shell. The periphery of the preheating layer and the lower end of the heat absorption layer are integrally formed and arranged in the containing hole in a matched mode, a heat insulation layer is arranged above the preheating layer, the lower end of the water conveying piece is connected to the bottom of the supporting shell, the upper end of the water conveying piece sequentially penetrates through the preheating layer and the heat insulation layer upwards, and an evaporation layer is fixedly arranged along the edge of the heat insulation layer. Solar energy can be converted into heat energy, seawater is heated and evaporated through the heat energy to form steam, the steam preparation rate is increased, and the problem that the solar energy utilization rate is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of evaporation steam, and particularly relates to a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system and method based on preheating. Background Art

[0002] Although about 71% of the earth's surface is covered by water bodies, 97.5% of them are seawater with a relatively high salinity and cannot be directly used for domestic drinking, agricultural irrigation and industrial production. With the growth of the global population and the acceleration of the industrialization process, the problem of fresh water shortage is becoming increasingly serious. As a clean energy source, solar energy can be used to prepare steam and finally produce fresh water, which can alleviate the problem of fresh water shortage. The traditional solar steam preparation technology is a volume absorption design, resulting in most of the solar energy not being effectively utilized, with low photothermal conversion efficiency and a large proportion of long-wave radiation loss in the total heat loss. In recent years, the solar evaporation technology that locates solar heat conversion at the gas-liquid interface can achieve an efficient evaporation process and is considered a promising alternative method.

[0003] Under high-intensity light conditions or during long-term continuous operation, the existing solar interfacial evaporation devices generally have the following restrictive problems: First, the water transport on the surface of the photothermal material is blocked, resulting in difficulty in maintaining the continuity of the liquid film at the evaporation interface. Second, the decrease in the hydrophilicity of the material surface causes wetting hysteresis, resulting in a reduction in the effective evaporation area. Third, in the steam generation process of the existing interfacial evaporation system, the only solar energy input end of the evaporator is the photothermal evaporation layer, and the utilization rate of solar energy by the photothermal evaporation layer is limited, and the evaporation amount of the interfacial evaporation system cannot be effectively improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system and method based on preheating. The evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention can effectively absorb solar heat. After the solar heat is absorbed and utilized by the preheating layer of the evaporation steam preparation system, the evaporation steam preparation system can achieve the preheating purpose, so as to realize the stable and efficient evaporation of seawater on the evaporation layer of the evaporation steam preparation system, improving the utilization rate of solar energy and the efficiency of steam preparation. To achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical effects: According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating. The evaporation steam preparation system includes a support housing and a steam evaporation assembly disposed at the top end of the support housing. The steam evaporation assembly is interconnected with the inner bottom surface of the support housing through a plurality of water delivery members to form a delivery channel. The steam evaporation assembly includes a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, and a preheating layer. A placement hole for placing the preheating layer is provided at the center of the top end of the support housing. The upper end of the heat absorption layer is inclined outwardly above the support housing, and the lower end of the heat absorption layer extends into the support housing along the placement hole at the center of the top end of the support housing. The outer peripheral wall of the heat absorption layer is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole. The outer periphery of the preheating layer is integrally formed and fitted with the lower end of the heat absorption layer in the placement hole. The heat insulation layer is disposed above the preheating layer. The lower end of the water delivery member is connected to the bottom of the support housing, and the upper end of the water delivery member sequentially passes through the preheating layer and the heat insulation layer upward, and the upper end of the water delivery member is fixed on the upper surface of the heat insulation layer. An evaporation layer is fixedly provided along the edge of the heat insulation layer.

[0005] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, a water storage layer is provided at the lower port portion of the support housing, and the lower ends of the plurality of water delivery members are respectively connected to the edge of the water storage layer.

[0006] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, a plurality of through holes are distributed near the edge of the preheating layer, and a central through hole is provided at the center of the heat insulation layer. The upper end of each water delivery member sequentially passes through the corresponding through hole on the preheating layer and the central through hole of the heat insulation layer and then bends toward the edge of the upper surface of the heat insulation layer, and the upper end of each water delivery member is fixed on the surface of the heat insulation layer. The lower surface of the heat insulation layer is attached to the preheating layer through the water delivery member.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the preheating layer is circular, the through holes are provided at positions near the edge of the preheating layer, and the through holes are rectangular holes evenly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer.

[0008] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the heat insulation layer is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam, the surface of the heat absorption layer is in a pot surface shape or a bowl surface shape, the outer peripheral edge of the heat absorption layer is inclined and bent, and the water delivery member is made of hydrophilic fiber spunbond.

[0009] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the heat absorption layer and the preheating layer are made of copper plates, and an optical absorption coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer. The optical absorption coating is made of a mixture of a resin material and a black heat absorption material. Among them, the resin material is a polyurethane resin or an epoxy resin material, and the black heat absorption material is a carbon black material.

[0010] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the outer wall of the preheating layer and the top surface of the support housing around the placement hole are bonded by a sealing glue.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the evaporation layer is in the shape of a spherical cap and covers the edge of the heat insulation layer. The evaporation layer is made of a hydrogel material, and the hydrogel material is prepared from chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid, and deionized water with a mass ratio of 8:1:3:171.

[0012] In a further preferred embodiment of the above solution, the preparation process of the hydrogel material includes the following steps: First, acetic acid and deionized water are mixed into an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.3 mol / L, and then the acetic acid solution is heated to 55 °C. Then, chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder are respectively added to the acetic acid solution, and the solution is stirred at a constant temperature for 3 - 6 hours to form a mixed solution. Second, the mixed solution is filled into a mold, and the mold containing the mixed solution is placed at a temperature of -20 to -40 °C for pre-freezing for 10 - 20 hours, and then immediately taken out and placed in a freeze dryer for freeze-drying for 36 hours to obtain an aerogel. Finally, the aerogel is immersed in an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.5 mol / L for soaking for 1 - 3 hours, and then the alkali solution is washed away with deionized water to prepare the hydrogel.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for evaporating steam using the evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating of the present invention includes the following steps: The support shell is floatingly arranged on the surface of seawater, so that seawater penetrates into the interior of the support shell through the water storage layer. The water delivery member transports the free water body stored in the support shell to the surface of the preheating layer through capillary action, and the light absorption coating coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer on the outer periphery of the preheating layer absorbs solar energy and performs photothermal conversion. Then, the heat absorbed is transferred from the outer periphery to the center by the thermal conductivity of the preheating layer, preheating the water body in the water delivery member passing through the preheating layer to increase the water body temperature. The preheated water body is further transported through the water delivery member through the heat insulation layer to the evaporation layer by capillary action. The evaporation layer absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy. The heat energy absorbed by the evaporation layer heats the seawater, causing the seawater to be heated and evaporated to form steam. In summary, the present invention has the following technical effects: (1) Through the synergistic effect of each layer of the evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention, the evaporation layer converts water into steam, and the preheating layer reduces the thermal resistance during the heat transfer process. When the temperature of the preheating layer rises, the surface tension of the liquid decreases, so the contact angle between the preheating layer and water molecules decreases, and the wettability of the preheating layer is effectively increased. The water delivery capacity of the water delivery member becomes stronger, reducing the intermolecular force in the water delivery layer and the evaporation layer, and reducing the evaporation enthalpy of water in the evaporation layer. As a result, the water molecules in the evaporation layer can achieve rapid evaporation by absorbing a small amount of heat, accelerating the steam generation rate and improving the steam preparation efficiency and the spatial utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0014] (2) The addition of a preheating structure to the evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention can effectively improve the space utilization rate of solar energy, thereby improving the wettability of the preheating layer and the water transportation process in the water delivery member, and further increasing the steam volume. This solves the problem of low space solar energy utilization rate caused by a single solar energy input point. By enhancing the evaporation rate during the preheating process, it is conducive to the preparation of steam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating according to the present invention; Figure 2 is an exploded structure schematic diagram of a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating according to the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the setting structure of the water delivery member of a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the evaporation situation effect of a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating according to the present invention with and without a preheating layer when the solar irradiance intensity is 1000 W·m -2 -2; In the drawings, evaporation layer 1, heat insulation layer 2, heat absorption layer 3, preheating layer 4, water delivery member 5, water storage layer 6, support housing 7, placement hole 8, steam evaporation assembly 10, central through hole 20, perforation 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention more clear and understandable, the following preferred embodiments are cited with reference to the accompanying drawings for further detailed description of the invention. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for enabling the reader to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and these aspects of the invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0017] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating according to the invention, the evaporation steam preparation system includes a support shell 7 floating on the surface of seawater and a steam evaporation assembly 10 arranged at the top of the support shell 7. The steam evaporation assembly 10 and the inner bottom surface of the support shell 7 are connected to each other through a plurality of water delivery members 5 to form a water delivery channel. The steam evaporation assembly 10 includes a heat insulation layer 2, a heat absorption layer 3 and a preheating layer 4. A placement hole 8 for placing the preheating layer 4 is arranged at the center of the top of the support shell 7. The upper end of the heat absorption layer 3 is inclined outward above the support shell 7, and the lower end of the heat absorption layer 3 extends into the support shell 7 along the placement hole 8 at the center of the top of the support shell 7. The outer peripheral wall of the heat absorption layer 3 is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole 8. The outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 is integrally formed with the lower end of the heat absorption layer 3, so that the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the lower end of the heat absorption layer 3 are integrally formed and fitted in the placement hole 8 to form a preheating structure; in the present invention, the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 is in a pot surface or bowl surface structure, the preheating layer 4 is closely attached to the bottom surface of the heat absorption layer 3, so that the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the inner wall of the bottom of the heat absorption layer 3 are integrally arranged, or the bottom surface of the heat absorption layer 3 is set to be hollow, and the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 and the hollow position at the bottom of the heat absorption layer 3 are integrally formed into a preheating structure. The heat insulation layer 2 is arranged above the preheating layer 4. The lower end of the water delivery member 5 is connected to the bottom of the support shell 7. The upper end of the water delivery member 5 sequentially passes through the preheating layer 4 and the heat insulation layer 2 upward, and the upper end of the water delivery member 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the heat insulation layer 2. An evaporation layer 1 is fixedly arranged along the edge of the heat insulation layer 2. A water storage layer 6 is arranged at the lower port part of the support shell 7. The lower ends of the plurality of water delivery members 5 are respectively connected to the edge of the water storage layer 6; the heat insulation layer 2 is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.In the present invention, the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are both made of copper plates. An optical absorption coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3. The optical absorption coating is made of a resin material and a black heat absorption material with a mass ratio of 1:3. The resin material and the carbon black material are used as the materials for the optical absorption coating. The manufacturing process of the optical absorption coating is as follows: First, the resin material and the black heat absorption material are mixed to form a slurry, then the formed slurry is coated on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3, and then dried at room temperature to obtain the heat absorption layer 3 with the optical absorption coating on its surface. Among them, the resin material is polyurethane resin or epoxy resin material, and the black heat absorption material is carbon black material. The black heat absorption material is coated and adhered to the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 to form the optical absorption coating. The optical absorption coating can improve the heat absorption effect and the temperature rising effect of the heat absorption layer 3; The outer wall of the preheating layer 4 is bonded to the top surface of the support shell 7 around the placement hole 8 through a sealing glue; The evaporation layer 1 is located at the uppermost end of the system and is used for photothermal conversion and evaporation of water. The lower part of the water delivery member 5 extends into the interior of the support shell 7 and is connected or in contact with the water storage layer 6 of the support shell 7. The heat insulation layer 2 and the preheating layer 4 are separated by the water delivery member 5 to achieve the heat insulation effect between the preheating layer 4 and the evaporation layer 1; The heat insulation layer 2 is used to separate the preheated water delivery member 5 and the evaporation layer 1. The heat absorption layer 3 coated with the optical absorption coating on the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 receives sunlight and performs photothermal conversion. Using the coating can improve the light absorption rate. The heat is transferred to the center of the preheating layer 4 and the water body in the water delivery member 5 for heat exchange by the good thermal conductivity of the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4. The middle part of the water delivery member 5 is closely attached to the preheating layer 4, and the upper part of the water delivery member 5 is in contact with the evaporation layer 1 through the heat insulation layer 2, so that the temperature of the water body in the water delivery member 5 rises. By using preheating layer structures with different thicknesses, different heat exchange effects can be achieved.

[0018] In the present invention, in combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3, a plurality of perforations 40 are distributed near the edge of the preheating layer 4, and a central through-hole 20 is provided in the center of the heat insulation layer 2. The upper end of each water delivery member 5 sequentially passes through the corresponding perforation 40 on the preheating layer 4 and the central through-hole 20 of the heat insulation layer 2, and then bends towards the edge of the upper surface of the heat insulation layer 2, and then fixes the upper end of each water delivery member 5 on the surface of the heat insulation layer 2. The lower surface of the heat insulation layer 2 is attached to the preheating layer 4 through the water delivery member 5; the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 is a circular outer periphery, and the perforation 40 is provided at a position near the edge of the preheating layer 4, and the perforation 40 is a rectangular hole evenly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer 4. In the present invention, the light absorption coating on the heat absorption layer 3 absorbs sunlight and converts solar energy into heat energy. The heat energy absorbed by the light absorption coating is conducted to the preheating layer 4, and the heat generated by the preheating layer 4 is conducted to the water delivery member 5, which can increase the temperature of the water in the water delivery member 5 and enhance the heat transfer process of the water delivery member 5; the lower part c of the water delivery member 5 is arranged in a vertical rectangular strip shape, and the lower part c of the water delivery member 5 is connected or in contact with the water storage layer 6. As Figure 3 shown, the middle part b of the water delivery member 5 is closely attached to the upper surface of the preheating layer 4 and the lower surface of the heat insulation layer 2. The heat insulation layer 2 bends and tightly presses the middle part b of the water delivery member 5 on the surface of the preheating layer 4. After passing the upper part a of the water delivery member 5 through the central through-hole 20 of the heat insulation layer 2 and bending it to the edge of the upper surface of the heat insulation layer 2 for fixing, the evaporation layer 1 is fixed along the edge of the heat insulation layer 2. The water delivery member 5 is made of hydrophilic fiber spunlace, and the water delivery member 5 plays a role in capillary water delivery; the support shell 7 is arranged in a cubic shell shape, and a placement hole 8 is provided on the top surface of the support shell 7 for supporting the heat absorption layer 3. The support shell 7 is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.

[0019] In the present invention, in combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3, the evaporation layer 1 is in the shape of a spherical cap and covers the edge of the heat insulation layer 2. The function of the evaporation layer 1 is to perform photothermal conversion and turn the water therein into steam. Different thicknesses of the evaporation layer 1 can affect the preheating effect and thus the evaporation rate; the evaporation layer 1 is prepared from a hydrogel material. In the present invention, the hydrogel material is prepared from chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid, and deionized water with a mass ratio of 8:1:3:171. The nano-carbon powder in the hydrogel of the evaporation layer 1 can absorb solar energy and perform photothermal conversion. Through the synergistic effect of each layer, the evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention absorbs sunlight through the light-absorbing coating on the heat absorption layer 3, converts solar energy into heat energy, and conducts the heat energy absorbed by the light-absorbing coating to the preheating layer 4. The heat generated by the preheating layer 4 is conducted to the water delivery member 5, so that the water temperature in the water delivery member 5 rises. First, the heat transfer process of the water delivery member 5 is enhanced, and the heat transfer resistance from the water delivery member 5 to the evaporation layer 1 is reduced; second, the contact angle between the water molecules and the preheating layer 4 is reduced, and the wettability of the surface of the preheating layer 4 is increased, thereby increasing the water delivery capacity. In addition, the interaction force between the water molecules in the water delivery layer and the evaporation layer is reduced, the evaporation enthalpy of the water in the evaporation layer is reduced, and the steam generation rate is further increased, so that the water in the evaporation layer can be rapidly evaporated by absorbing a small amount of heat, and the steam generation rate is increased. In the hydrogel of the present invention, a non-metallic nano material, especially a hydrogel made of a nano-carbon-based material, is used. When the hydrogel is irradiated with near-infrared laser, heat energy can be generated. In the present invention, the preparation process of the hydrogel material includes the following steps: First, weigh chitosan powder, nano-carbon powder, acetic acid, and deionized water according to 8:1:3:171. Mix acetic acid and deionized water to form an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol / L, then heat the acetic acid solution to 55 °C, and then add chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder to the acetic acid solution. Stir the solution at a constant temperature for 3-6 hours to form a mixed solution. The concentration of the acetic acid solution is preferably 0.2 mol / L, and the time for stirring the solution at a constant temperature is preferably 5 hours; Second, pour the mixed solution into a mold, and then place the mold containing the mixed solution at a temperature of -20 to -40 °C for pre-freezing for 10-20 hours. Immediately take it out and put it into a freeze dryer for freeze-drying for 36 hours to obtain an aerogel. The temperature at which the mold containing the mixed solution is placed is preferably -40 °C, and the pre-freezing time is preferably 12 hours; Finally, immerse the aerogel in an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.5 mol / L for 1 - 3 hours, and then wash the alkali solution on the surface of the aerogel with deionized water to prepare the hydrogel. The concentration of the alkali solution is preferably 0.5 mol / L, and the soaking time is preferably 1 hour. In the preparation of the hydrogel of the evaporation layer 1, the nano-carbon powder used can absorb solar energy and perform photothermal conversion. Chitosan has good hydrophilic properties and can be used to adsorb a large amount of water. Through the synergistic effect of each layer, the evaporation steam preparation system of the present invention evaporates the water rich in the hydrogel of the evaporation layer to form steam. The preheating layer reduces the thermal resistance during the heat transfer process. When the temperature of the preheating layer rises, the surface tension of the liquid decreases. Therefore, the contact angle of water molecules decreases, the wettability increases, the transport capacity becomes stronger, the intermolecular force is reduced, and the evaporation enthalpy of water is lowered. As a result, the water molecules in the evaporation layer can achieve rapid evaporation by absorbing a small amount of heat, accelerating the steam generation rate, and improving the steam preparation efficiency and the spatial utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, in the present invention, in combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , using an evaporation steam method of a solar-driven interfacial evaporation steam preparation system based on preheating of the present invention, the evaporation steam method includes the following steps: Step 1: Float the support shell 7 on the surface of seawater. The seawater penetrates into the interior of the support shell through the water storage layer, so that the seawater fills the interior of the support shell 7. Step 2: The water delivery member 5 transports the free water stored in the support shell 7 to the surface of the preheating layer 4 through capillary action, and the light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer 3 on the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 absorbs solar energy and performs photothermal conversion. Step 3: The heat conducted by the light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer 3 raises the water temperature, and then the heat absorbed is transferred from the outer periphery of the preheating layer 4 to the center by the heat conductivity of the preheating layer 4 to preheat the water body in the water delivery member 5 passing through the preheating layer 4 and raise the water body temperature. Step 4: The preheated water body further passes through the heat insulation layer 2 by the water delivery member 5 through capillary action and is transported to the evaporation layer 1. The evaporation layer 1 absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy. The evaporation layer 1 heats and evaporates the water body transported to the surface of the heat insulation layer 2 by the water delivery member 5, thereby converting the water body into steam.

[0021] In the present invention, in combination with Figures 1 to 4, the evaporation layer 1 is selected as a spherical crown-shaped hydrogel, and the radius of the spherical crown-shaped hydrogel is 4 cm and the height is 2 cm; the water delivery member 5 is a hydrophilic fiber cloth with a width of 2 cm. When the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are not added under one solar irradiation, the steam generation rate of the system is slow. When the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are added, the thicknesses of the heat absorption layer 3 and the preheating layer 4 are selected to be 0.3 mm. The coating applied on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 outside the preheating layer 4 improves the sunlight absorption rate of the preheating layer 4, and the temperature rises greatly, realizing a higher steam production rate. Specifically, under the condition of a solar radiation intensity of 1000 W·m -2 , in the experiment, when there is no preheating layer structure, as shown in Figure 4 , the evaporation rate is 1.94 kg·m - ²·h - ⁻¹. When there is a preheating layer structure, the evaporation rate is 2.43 kg·m - ²·h - ⁻¹, and the enhancement efficiency of the steam output is 25.3%. This shows that the preheating layer can improve the evaporation rate of the system and has a significant effect on the increase of the steam output.

[0022] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system based on preheating, characterized in that: The evaporative steam preparation system comprises a supporting shell and a steam evaporation component arranged at the top end of the supporting shell, the steam evaporation component and the inner bottom surface of the supporting shell are connected to each other through a plurality of water conveying parts to form a conveying channel, the steam evaporation component comprises a heat insulation layer, a heat absorption layer and a preheating layer, a placement hole for placing the preheating layer is arranged at the center of the top end of the supporting shell, the upper end of the heat absorption layer is arranged outwardly and tilted above the supporting shell, the lower end of the heat absorption layer extends into the supporting shell along the placement hole at the center of the top end of the supporting shell, the outer peripheral wall of the heat absorption layer is connected to the surface wall of the placement hole, the outer periphery of the preheating layer and the lower end of the heat absorption layer are integrally formed and fitly arranged in the placement hole, the heat insulation layer is arranged above the preheating layer, the lower end of the water conveying part is connected to the bottom of the supporting shell, the upper end of the water conveying part passes through the preheating layer and the heat insulation layer upward in sequence, the upper end of the water conveying part is fixed to the upper surface of the heat insulation layer, and the evaporation layer is fixedly arranged along the edge of the heat insulation layer.

2. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water storage layer is arranged on the lower port portion of the support shell, and the lower ends of the plurality of water delivery members are respectively connected to the edges of the water storage layer.

3. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of perforations are distributed near the edge of the preheating layer, and a central through hole is arranged in the center of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water conveying component passes through the corresponding perforations on the preheating layer and the central through hole of the thermal insulation layer in sequence, and then bends toward the edge direction of the upper surface of the thermal insulation layer. The upper end of each water conveying component is fixed on the surface of the thermal insulation layer, and the lower surface of the thermal insulation layer is attached to the preheating layer through the water conveying component.

4. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preheating layer is circular, the perforations are arranged near the edge of the preheating layer, and the perforations are rectangular holes equidistantly distributed near the edge of the preheating layer.

5. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The heat insulating layer is made of polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam, the surface of the heat absorbing layer is a pot-shaped or bowl-shaped structure, the peripheral edge of the heat absorbing layer is inclined and bent, and the water conveying member is made of hydrophilic fiber fabric.

6. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The heat absorbing layer and the preheating layer are made of copper plates, and a light absorbing coating is coated on the surface of the heat absorbing layer. The light absorbing coating is made by mixing a resin material and a black heat absorbing material, wherein the resin material is a polyurethane resin or an epoxy resin material, and the black heat absorbing material is a carbon black material.

7. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the preheating layer is bonded to the top surface of the supporting shell around the placement hole by means of sealing glue.

8. The preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation layer is in a spherical crown shape and is buckled on the edge of the heat insulation layer. The evaporation layer is made of a hydrogel material. The hydrogel material is made of chitosan powder, nano carbon powder, acetic acid and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:1:3:

171.

9. A preheated solar-driven interface evaporation steam production system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation process of the hydrogel material comprises the following steps: First, acetic acid and deionized water are mixed into a 0.1-0.3 mol / L acetic acid solution, and then the acetic acid solution is heated to 55° C., and then chitosan powder and nano-carbon powder are added to the acetic acid solution respectively, and the solution is stirred at a constant temperature for 3-6 hours to form a mixed solution; Secondly, the mixed solution is loaded into a mold, and then the mold containing the mixed solution is placed at a temperature of -20 to -40°C for pre-freezing for 10 to 20 hours, and then immediately taken out and placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 36 hours to obtain aerogel; Finally, the aerogel is immersed in a 0.1-0.5 mol / L alkali solution for 1-3 hours, and then the alkali solution is washed away with deionized water to prepare the hydrogel.

10. A method for evaporating steam using a preheated solar-driven interface evaporative steam preparation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The supporting shell is floated and arranged on the surface of seawater, so that the seawater penetrates into the supporting shell through the water storage layer. The water conveying member transports the free water stored in the supporting shell to the surface of the preheating layer through capillary action, and absorbs solar energy and performs light-heat conversion through the light-absorbing coating coated on the surface of the heat-absorbing layer on the periphery of the preheating layer. The absorbed heat is then transferred from the periphery to the center by utilizing the thermal conductivity of the preheating layer, and the water in the water conveying member passing through the preheating layer is preheated to increase the temperature of the water. The preheated water is further transported to the evaporation layer through the heat insulation layer by the water conveying member through capillary action. The evaporation layer absorbs solar energy and converts it into thermal energy. The thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation layer heats the seawater, causing the seawater to be heated and evaporated to form steam.

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