Rod-fiber coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring

Abstract

The present invention provides a rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring. This device belongs to the field of fiber-optic coupled measurement technology. The device comprises an elastic rod, a light source, and a spectrum analyzer. The elastic rod has a spiral groove formed on its arcuate surface, and a single-mode optical fiber is wound around the inner wall of the groove. The ends of the single-mode optical fiber are electrically connected to the light source and the spectrum analyzer, respectively. An anti-slip mechanism is provided on the surface of the light source corresponding to the position of the single-mode optical fiber. The anti-slip mechanism includes a fixed frame, a rotating frame rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, and a fixed frame fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating frame at the end remote from the fixed frame. A rotating ring is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, and the fixed frame and rotating ring have a C-shaped cross-section. The present invention applies fiber-optic sensing technology to conventional inclinometers to improve measurement accuracy, while also addressing the complex structure and poor measurement stability of existing measurement equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber coupling measurement, and in particular relates to a rod-optical fiber coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring. Background Art

[0002] In open-pit coal mining, there is often the threat of disasters such as slope landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and analyze the deformation of slope areas prone to occur, so as to effectively predict the trend of slope landslides in open-pit coal mines, provide early warnings, and ensure the safe operation of open-pit coal mining.

[0003] The fiber coupling measurement device is a test device used to evaluate the performance and coupling efficiency of fiber optic connections. It uses a light source to emit an optical signal, which is injected into the optical fiber through a coupler. A detector then measures the signal strength at the receiving end. Finally, an optical power meter compares the input and output optical powers to calculate the coupling loss. This device is widely used in optical communications, fiber optic sensing, optical experiments, and other fields. It can help engineers optimize the quality of fiber optic connections, reduce signal loss, and improve the overall performance of fiber optic systems. After the signal transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the test equipment or is reflected, a photodetector detects the signal strength, wavelength, or other optical characteristics. The receiving equipment then decodes, filters, and amplifies the detected electrical signal. Finally, an analysis system or instrument obtains measurement results, such as light intensity, spectrum, loss, and reflection. Deep displacement detection of open-pit coal mine slopes refers to the technology used to monitor and detect deep displacement of slopes. Fiber optic sensing technology is widely used in the field of deep displacement detection of open-pit coal mine slopes and is relatively common in daily life.

[0004] Prior art, such as the invention patent with Chinese publication number CN117969031A, discloses a device and method for measuring the coupling efficiency of laser between an optical lens and an optical fiber. The patent includes a first component for generating a laser beam; a second component, which is an optical element, which includes at least three end faces, respectively denoted as m, n, and q; a third component, which is an optical lens to be measured and evaluated, for transmitting the laser beam from the nth end of the second component or the fourth component; the propagation type of the laser beam between the third component and the nth end of the second component is fiber optics-space optics; in this process, the transmission efficiency of the laser beam from the third component to the nth end of the second component and to the qth end of the second component is characterized by the coupling characteristic parameter η32n; the fourth component is a lens combination; the fifth component is a reflector; and the sixth component is a measuring device capable of measuring the coupling characteristics of the laser beam between the optical lens and the optical fiber.

[0005] It is found in daily use that the existing fiber optic sensing technology monitors the deep displacement of open-pit coal mine slopes by laying optical fibers inside or on the surface of the slopes of open-pit coal mines and monitoring the changes in the optical fibers. In this process, the fiber optic sensing technology is applied to traditional inclinometers to improve the measurement accuracy. It is necessary to use measurement reference points to calculate the depth displacement, which is prone to complex structure and poor measurement stability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rod-fiber coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, which solves the shortcomings of the prior art fiber optic sensing technology, which is prone to complex structure and poor measurement stability by laying optical fibers inside or on the surface of the open-pit coal mine slope and requiring the use of measurement reference points to calculate depth displacement.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is provided, comprising an elastic rod, a light source body, and a spectrum analyzer. A spiral groove is formed on the arc surface of the elastic rod, and a single-mode optical fiber is wound around the inner wall of the spiral groove. The two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are electrically connected to the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, respectively. An anti-slip mechanism is provided on the surface of the light source body at a position corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber. The anti-slip mechanism comprises a fixed frame, an inner wall of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to a rotating frame, an end of the rotating frame away from the fixed frame is fixedly connected to a fixed frame, an inner wall of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to a rotating ring, and the cross-section of the fixed frame and the rotating ring are "C"-shaped.

[0008] Preferably, the rotating ring and the inner wall of the fixed frame slide through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber, and a sliding hole is provided on the surface of the fixed frame; further, the inner wall of the sliding hole is slidably connected to a moving rod, one end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring, and the arc surface of the moving rod is threadedly connected to an extrusion shaft.

[0009] Preferably, both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame are covered with coil springs, and the ends of the coil springs are fixedly connected to the fixed frame and the rotating frame respectively. Preferably, the arc surface of the moving rod is covered with a protective ring, and the surface of the protective ring abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the movable rod is a carbide rod, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the movable rod are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the sliding hole. More preferably, both ends of the elastic rod are provided with a positioning mechanism, the positioning mechanism comprising a positioning frame, the inner wall of the positioning frame being plugged into one end of the elastic rod, positioning plates being fixedly connected to both sides of the surface of the positioning frame, a plunger slidingly extending through the surface of the positioning plate, a spring being sleeved on the arc surface of the plunger, the ends of the spring being respectively fixedly connected to the plunger and the positioning plate, the arc surfaces of the two ends of the positioning frame being fixedly connected to a connecting plate, four connecting plates forming a group of two, each group of connecting plates having the same connecting plate plugged into the surface, a plurality of positioning shafts being threaded through the surface of the connecting plate, the positions of the positioning shafts corresponding to the positions of the single-mode optical fibers, and one end of the plunger being plugged into the surface of the connecting plate.

[0011] Preferably, a pull ring is rotatably connected to one end surface of the insertion rod, and the cross-section of the pull ring is vertical. Preferably, an auxiliary block is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning shaft close to the elastic rod, and the auxiliary block is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block abuts the surface of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom surfaces of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer are both provided with a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism includes four adjusting rings, the upper ends of the adjusting rings are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body, the inner walls of the adjusting rings are threadedly connected to a supporting frame, the cross-section of the supporting frame is cylindrical, the inner wall of the supporting frame is slidably connected to a supporting column, the upper ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected to limiting plates on both sides, limiting holes are provided on both sides of the arc surface of the supporting frame, the inner walls of the limiting holes are slidably connected to the surface of the limiting plate, the upper end surface of the supporting column is fixedly connected to a tension spring, and the end of the tension spring away from the support column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the tension spring is slidably connected to a telescopic rod, the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame and the upper surface of the support column, the lower surface of the support column is fixedly connected to a support pad, and the support pad is a silicone pad.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber coupled measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is provided, which uses the above-mentioned rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring and includes the following steps:

[0015] Step S1: pre-processing the single-mode optical fiber, designing and manufacturing an elastic rod, and encapsulating the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove of the elastic rod;

[0016] Step S2: Install and deploy the elastic rods, drill holes in the slope of the open-pit coal mine or inside the geological body, and vertically insert the elastic rods prepared in step 1 into the drilled holes to fill the holes and secure the rods;

[0017] Step S3: Connect and debug the spectrum analyzer. Connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber to the light source body. Extend the other end to the surface through a protective optical cable and connect it to the spectrum analyzer. Start the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, and debug the transmission signal to a normal value.

[0018] Step S4: Collect and measure spectrum analyzer data, monitor the reflection spectrum changes of the single-mode optical fiber in real time through the spectrum analyzer, analyze the collected data using a data processing system, and calculate the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The present invention encapsulates a single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove of an elastic rod, which is then inserted into a borehole to achieve monitoring. The structure is simple, the entire device is fixed in the borehole, and the stability is good. The elastic rod can provide a certain degree of elasticity and stability, while reducing the impact of external interference on the measurement results. Its high elasticity can effectively alleviate the stress concentration phenomenon caused by slope displacement, ensuring measurement accuracy. Compared with multi-mode optical fiber, the single-mode optical fiber used in the present invention has a higher transmission speed and lower transmission loss, can transmit a larger bandwidth, and is suitable for application scenarios requiring high bandwidth and long-distance transmission.

[0021] 2. The present invention sets an anti-slip mechanism to limit the docking between the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body, thereby avoiding loosening and falling off when the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body are docked. The opening and closing of the position between the fixed frame and the rotating ring can help to quickly and conveniently fix the position of the single-mode optical fiber for protection.

[0022] 3. The present invention provides a positioning mechanism to abut and fix the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove opened on the surface of the elastic rod. With the help of the positioning frames inserted at both ends of the elastic rod, the connecting plate and the connecting plates fixed at both ends of the positioning frame are inserted and positioned. At the same time, the rod on the surface of the positioning plate is inserted into the connecting plate, so that the position of the entire connecting plate is fixed and cannot fall off. At the same time, the positioning axis on the surface of the connecting plate is used to protect the surface of the single-mode optical fiber from being squeezed.

[0023] 4. By providing a support mechanism, the present invention can better support and protect the light source body and the spectrum analyzer during operation and use, thereby avoiding damage to the lower surfaces of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer. At this time, with the help of the support columns in the support frame and the extrusion force generated by the tension spring, the support columns can effectively and conveniently support the light source body and the spectrum analyzer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an anti-slip mechanism of a rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the anti-slip mechanism of the rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a positioning mechanism of a rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the positioning mechanism of the rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a support mechanism of a rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 The figure is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the support mechanism of the rod-fiber coupled measuring device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. elastic rod; 2. spiral groove; 3. single-mode optical fiber; 4. light source body; 5. spectrum analyzer; 6. anti-slip mechanism; 61. fixed frame; 62. rotating frame; 63. fixed frame; 64. rotating ring; 65. coil spring; 66. sliding hole; 67. moving rod; 68. extrusion shaft; 69. protective ring; 7. positioning mechanism; 71. positioning frame; 72. positioning plate; 73. insertion rod; 74. spring; 75. pull ring; 76. connecting plate; 77. positioning shaft; 78. auxiliary block; 79. connecting plate; 8. supporting mechanism; 81. adjusting ring; 82. supporting frame; 83. supporting column; 84. limiting plate; 85. supporting pad; 86. limiting hole; 87. tension spring; 88. telescopic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other.

[0034] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] The present invention provides a rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, addressing existing technical issues. Prior art fiber optic sensing technology monitors deep slope displacement by deploying optical fibers within or on the slope surface and monitoring changes in the fibers. However, applying fiber optic sensing technology to traditional inclinometers to improve measurement accuracy requires the use of a measurement reference point to calculate depth displacement, resulting in complex structure and poor measurement stability.

[0036] The present invention provides a rod-fiber coupling measurement device for monitoring the slope of an open-pit coal mine, which includes an elastic rod, a light source body and a spectrum analyzer. The elastic rod has an arc surface provided with a spiral groove, the inner wall of the spiral groove is wound with a single-mode optical fiber, two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are electrically connected to the light source body and the spectrum analyzer respectively, and an anti-slip mechanism is provided at a position on the surface of the light source body corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber, the anti-slip mechanism includes a fixed frame, the inner wall of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to a rotating frame, the end of the rotating frame away from the fixed frame is fixedly connected to a fixed frame, the inner wall of the fixed frame is rotatably connected to a rotating ring, the cross-sections of the fixed frame and the rotating ring are "C"-shaped, the rotating ring and the inner wall of the fixed frame slide through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber, the surface of the fixed frame is provided with a sliding hole, the inner wall of the sliding hole is slidably connected to a moving rod, one end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring, and the arc surface of the moving rod is threadedly connected to an extrusion shaft.

[0037] The effect achieved by the above components is: when performing coupling measurement on the optical fiber, the single-mode optical fiber can be fixed and bound with the help of the elastic rod and the spiral groove opened on the surface. At the same time, when the single-mode optical fiber is electrically connected to the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, the anti-slip mechanism set on the surface of the light source body is used for auxiliary operation, which facilitates better fixing and limiting the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body to avoid falling off.

[0038] Preferably, both ends of the inner wall of the fixing frame are sleeved with coil springs, and both ends of the coil spring are fixedly connected to the fixing frame and the rotating frame respectively.

[0039] The effect achieved by the above components is that the position of the rotating frame can be squeezed and limited by the torsional force generated by the coil spring, so as to facilitate better fixing operation of the position of the rotating frame.

[0040] Preferably, the arc surface of the moving rod is covered with a protective ring, and the surface of the protective ring abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft.

[0041] The effect achieved by the above components is: in the process of extrusion limiting the extrusion shaft and the sliding hole, the protective ring is used for protection to prevent the extrusion shaft from loosening and falling off.

[0042] Preferably, the moving rod is a carbide rod, and the cross-sectional size of the moving rod is adapted to the cross-sectional size of the sliding hole.

[0043] The effect achieved by the above components is that when the rotating ring is rotated, the moving rod made of carbide is used for auxiliary operation to avoid deformation of the moving rod due to long-term use.

[0044] Preferably, both ends of the elastic rod are provided with a positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism includes a positioning frame, the inner wall of the positioning frame is plugged into one end of the elastic rod, and both sides of the surface of the positioning frame are fixedly connected with positioning plates, and the surface of the positioning plate is slidably penetrated by an insertion rod, and the arc surface of the insertion rod is sleeved with a spring, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the insertion rod and the positioning plate, and the arc surfaces at both ends of the positioning frame are fixedly connected with connecting plates, and the four connecting plates are grouped into two, and the surface of each group of connecting plates is plugged with the same connecting plate, and the surface of the connecting plate is threaded with several positioning shafts, and the position of the positioning shaft corresponds to the position of the single-mode optical fiber, and one end of the insertion rod is plugged into the surface of the connecting plate.

[0045] The effect achieved by the above components is that when the single-mode optical fiber is fixed and limited to the spiral groove opened on the surface of the elastic rod, the positioning mechanism set at both ends of the surface of the elastic rod can be used for auxiliary operation. By clamping and fixing the positions of the two connecting plates, the positioning shaft with threads passing through the surface of the connecting plate can be abutted and fixed to the surface of the single-mode optical fiber, thereby effectively preventing the single-mode optical fiber from falling off.

[0046] Preferably, one end surface of the insertion rod is rotatably connected to a pull ring, and the cross-section of the pull ring is vertical.

[0047] The effect achieved by the above components is that when the position of the insertion rod is stretched and moved, the pull ring rotating at one end of the insertion rod is used for auxiliary operation, so as to facilitate better stretching operation of the position of the insertion rod.

[0048] Preferably, an auxiliary block is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning shaft close to the elastic rod, and the auxiliary block is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0049] The effect achieved by the above components is: in the process of binding the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove, the extrusion protection operation is performed with the help of the auxiliary block made of rubber at one end of the positioning shaft, which facilitates better extrusion and fixation of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0050] Preferably, the bottom surfaces of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer are both provided with a supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism includes four adjusting rings, the upper ends of the adjusting rings are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body, the inner walls of the adjusting rings are threadedly connected to a supporting frame, the cross-section of the supporting frame is cylindrical, the inner wall of the supporting frame is slidably connected to a supporting column, the upper ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected to limiting plates on both sides, limiting holes are provided on both sides of the arc surface of the supporting frame, the inner walls of the limiting holes are slidably connected to the surface of the limiting plate, the upper end surface of the supporting column is fixedly connected to a tension spring, and the end of the tension spring away from the support column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame.

[0051] The effect achieved by the above components is: during the operation and use of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, in order to better support and limit the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, the support mechanism can be used for operation, and the support column sliding in the support frame is used to perform the extrusion support operation through the extrusion force generated by the tension spring.

[0052] Preferably, the inner wall of the tension spring is slidably connected to a telescopic rod, the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame and the upper surface of the support column, the lower surface of the support column is fixedly connected to a support pad, and the support pad is a silicone pad.

[0053] The effects achieved by the above components are: in the process of stretching and limiting the tension spring, the tension spring can be protected with the help of the telescopic rod to prevent the tension spring from deformation due to long-term use; in the process of supporting the entire light source body and the spectrum analyzer with the help of the support column, support and protection are provided with the help of the silicone support pad.

[0054] In another technical solution of the present invention, a rod-fiber coupled measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is provided, which uses the rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring of the present invention and includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S1: pre-processing the single-mode optical fiber, designing and manufacturing an elastic rod, and encapsulating the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove of the elastic rod;

[0056] Step S2: Install and deploy the elastic rods, drill holes in the slope or geological body, and vertically insert the elastic rods prepared in step 1 into the holes to fill the holes and secure the rods;

[0057] Step S3: Connect and debug the spectrum analyzer. Connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber to the light source body. Extend the other end to the surface through a protective optical cable and connect it to the spectrum analyzer. Start the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, and debug the transmission signal to a normal value.

[0058] Step S4: Collect and measure spectrum analyzer data, monitor the reflection spectrum changes of the single-mode optical fiber in real time through the spectrum analyzer, analyze the collected data using a data processing system, and calculate the deep displacement of the slope.

[0059] Furthermore, the rod-fiber coupled measurement method for open pit coal mine slope monitoring includes the following steps:

[0060] Step S5: During the docking process between the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body, the anti-drop mechanism is used for protection. First, one end surface of the single-mode optical fiber is inserted through the fixed frame and the rotating ring. Then, the movable rod is pulled to rotate the rotating ring to close the entire fixed frame. Finally, the extrusion axis of the circular arc surface of the movable rod is rotated to prevent the entire rotating ring from shifting or loosening.

[0061] Step S6: When squeezing and protecting the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove on the surface of the elastic rod, an auxiliary operation is performed with the help of the positioning mechanism. First, the two positioning frames are plugged into the two ends of the elastic rod, and then the two connecting plates are plugged into the connecting plates at both ends of the positioning frame. Then, the plug rod sliding on the inner wall of the positioning plate on the surface of the positioning frame is stretched, so that the plug rod is plugged and fixed with the connecting plate by the tensile force generated by the spring. At the same time, the positioning shaft on the surface of the connecting plate is rotated, so that the positioning shaft can squeeze and fix the surface of the single-mode optical fiber with the help of the auxiliary block.

[0062] Step S7: During the operation of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, support and protection are provided by means of the support mechanism provided at the bottom, and the light source body and the adjustment ring on the lower surface of the spectrum analyzer are threadedly connected to the support frame. Then, the support column sliding in the support frame uses the extrusion force generated by the tension spring to provide support and protection, thereby avoiding direct damage caused by bumps and collisions.

[0063] The rod-fiber coupled measuring device for monitoring slopes in open-pit coal mines of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] like Figures 1-8As shown, the present invention discloses a rod-fiber coupled measurement device for monitoring open-pit coal mine slopes, comprising an elastic rod 1, a light source body 4, and a spectrum analyzer 5. The elastic rod 1 has a spiral groove 2 formed on its arc surface, with a single-mode optical fiber 3 wound around its inner wall. The single-mode optical fiber 3 is electrically connected to the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5 at both ends. An anti-slip mechanism 6 is provided on the surface of the light source body 4 at positions corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber 3. Positioning mechanisms 7 are provided at both ends of the elastic rod 1, and support mechanisms 8 are provided on the bottom surfaces of the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5. Existing methods for detecting deep slope displacements include devices such as inclinometers, total stations, and GPS. These methods suffer from low accuracy and limited monitoring range. The present invention effectively addresses these issues and improves the accuracy and reliability of deep slope displacement detection.

[0065] The device of the present invention consists of a support structure and a measurement structure. The support structure is an elastic rod 1 made of a highly elastic rubber rod, and the measurement structure is a single-mode optical fiber 3. When an optical pulse signal is input into the single-mode optical fiber 3 and propagates through the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, a portion of the optical signal is reflected back to the end of the light source body 4. When the open-pit coal mine slope undergoes deep displacement, the rod-fiber coupled measurement device installed in the open-pit coal mine slope bends, causing both the rod-fiber coupled measurement device and the slope to deform synchronously, resulting in optical loss in the optical signal transmitted through the single-mode optical fiber 3. This optical loss corresponds to the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope, helping to determine the deformation state of the open-pit coal mine slope and achieve deep displacement measurement and regional identification. Due to the time-delay characteristics of backscattering, the optical signal, caused by the bending of the slope, is sequentially reflected back to the signal acquisition device at different locations of the rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring. By measuring the optical loss and propagation time of the received optical signal due to Rayleigh backscattering, the optical power attenuation curve and displacement area along the length of the rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device used for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring can be obtained. The application of this rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device for deep displacement measurement in open-pit coal mine slopes, based on optical time-domain reflectometry, has effectively improved the applicability and measurement accuracy of fiber-optic sensing technology in deep displacement measurement and displacement area identification in open-pit coal mine slopes.

[0066] During the single-mode fiber pretreatment process, an elastic rod 1 is designed and manufactured. The length of the elastic rod 1 ranges from several meters to over ten meters. The diameter of the elastic rod 1 is designed to be several centimeters for easy installation in a drill hole. The single-mode fiber 3 is then encapsulated within the spiral groove 2 of the elastic rod 1. A highly elastic rubber rod is used as the elastic rod material. The spiral groove is fabricated on the rod's surface using 3D printing technology. The length of the elastic rod is determined based on the depth of the open-pit coal mine slope. A hole with a diameter larger than the elastic rod's diameter is drilled into the open-pit coal mine slope or geological body. The elastic rod is then vertically fixed into the drilled hole. A grouting material, such as cement or epoxy resin, is used to fill the fixed hole. The single-mode fiber 3 is then encapsulated within the spiral groove 2 using glue and pressure-sensitive tape to ensure stability. The smooth inner surface of the spiral groove 2 allows for easy coupling of the single-mode fiber 3 to the highly elastic rubber rod. The elastic rod is then installed and deployed. A hole with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the elastic rod 1 is drilled into the open-pit coal mine slope or geological body to ensure smooth entry of the elastic rod 1. The hole depth is determined based on the depth to be monitored. Carefully insert the elastic rod 1 equipped with the single-mode optical fiber 3 into the drill hole. Ensure that the elastic rod 1 is vertically and firmly fixed in the predetermined position to prevent loosening or failure during use. Use grouting materials such as cement or epoxy resin to fill the hole to fix the elastic rod 1, ensuring that the elastic rod 1 is stable and does not move; connect and debug the spectrum analyzer, connect one end of the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the light source body 4, and extend the other end to the surface through a protective optical cable and connect it to the spectrum analyzer 5. Start the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5, debug the transmission signal to a normal value, and calibrate to ensure accurate measurement; collect and measure the spectrum analyzer data, monitor the changes in the reflection spectrum of the single-mode optical fiber 3 in real time through the spectrum analyzer 5, use a computer or other data processing system to analyze the collected data, and calculate the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope. Specifically, an optical pulse signal is input into the single-mode optical fiber 3. When the optical pulse signal propagates in the single-mode optical fiber 3 to the coupling device, a portion of the optical signal is reflected back to the end of the light source body 4. When the open-pit coal mine slope undergoes deep displacement, the optical signal transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber 3 produces optical loss, of which Rayleigh scattering loss is the most significant. When Rayleigh scattering occurs, a portion of the incident light signal diffuses backward along the axial direction of the single-mode optical fiber 3. This phenomenon is called backward Rayleigh scattering. The backward sharply scattered light has a specific time delay and carries the optical loss information of the single-mode optical fiber 3. This information contains the corresponding relationship between optical loss and deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope, which helps to determine the deformation state of the open-pit coal mine slope and realize the measurement and regional identification of deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope. The optical power of the backward Rayleigh scattering is proportional to the incident light power at the Rayleigh scattering point. Therefore, by measuring the backscattered Rayleigh light power, the light loss information at the Rayleigh scattering point can be obtained, and the light loss information can be used to measure the depth displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope; the light loss and time point of the single-mode optical fiber 3 are measured by collecting the backscattered Rayleigh light signal.

[0067] Based on the time-delay characteristics of backscattering, optical signals from a rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring are backscattered by Rayleigh at different locations due to slope curvature, returning to the optical spectrum analyzer 5 in sequence. By measuring the optical loss and propagation time of the received optical signals due to backscattering, the optical power attenuation curve and displacement region along the length of the rod-to-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring can be obtained. The slope's depth displacement is calculated in real time based on the changes in the optical signal, and a region recognition algorithm is used to identify and analyze deformation in different regions.

[0068] The specific configuration and functions of the anti-slip mechanism 6, the positioning mechanism 7 and the supporting mechanism 8 will be described in detail below.

[0069] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the anti-slip mechanism 6 includes a fixed frame 61, the inner wall of the fixed frame 61 is rotatably connected to a rotating frame 62, the end of the rotating frame 62 away from the fixed frame 61 is fixedly connected to a fixed frame 63, the inner wall of the fixed frame 63 is rotatably connected to a rotating ring 64, the cross-section of the fixed frame 63 and the rotating ring 64 is "C"-shaped, the rotating ring 64 and the inner wall of the fixed frame 63 and the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber 3 slide through, the surface of the fixed frame 63 is provided with a sliding hole 66, the inner wall of the sliding hole 66 is slidably connected to a moving rod 67, one end of the moving rod 67 is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring 64, and the arc surface of the moving rod 67 is threadedly connected to an extrusion shaft 68. When performing optical fiber coupling measurement, the single-mode optical fiber 3 can be fixed and bound by means of the elastic rod 1 and the spiral groove 2 provided on the surface. At the same time, when the single-mode optical fiber 3 is electrically connected to the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5, the anti-slip mechanism 6 provided on the surface of the light source body 4 is used for auxiliary operation, so as to better fix and limit the single-mode optical fiber 3 and the light source body 4 and prevent them from falling off. The inner wall of the fixed frame 61 is provided with a coil spring 65 at both ends, and the two ends of the coil spring 65 are respectively fixedly connected to the fixed frame 61 and the rotating frame 62. The torsional force generated by the coil spring 65 can squeeze and limit the position of the rotating frame 62, facilitating better fixing of the position of the rotating frame 62. The arc surface of the movable rod 67 is provided with a protective ring 69, the surface of which abuts against the lower surface of the extrusion shaft 68. During the process of squeezing and limiting the extrusion shaft 68 and the slide hole 66, a protective ring 69 is used to protect the extrusion shaft 68 from loosening and falling off. The movable rod 67 is a carbide rod, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the movable rod 67 are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the slide hole 66. When the rotating ring 64 is rotated, the movable rod 67 made of carbide is used to assist the operation and prevent the movable rod 67 from deformation due to long-term use.

[0070] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the positioning mechanism 7 includes a positioning frame 71, the inner wall of the positioning frame 71 is plugged into one end of the elastic rod 1, and both sides of the surface of the positioning frame 71 are fixedly connected with positioning plates 72, and the surface of the positioning plate 72 is slidably penetrated by an insertion rod 73, and the arc surface of the insertion rod 73 is sleeved with a spring 74, and the two ends of the spring 74 are fixedly connected to the insertion rod 73 and the positioning plate 72 respectively, and the arc surfaces at both ends of the positioning frame 71 are fixedly connected with connecting plates 76, and the four connecting plates 76 are grouped into two, and the surface of each group of connecting plates 76 is plugged with the same connecting plate 79, and the surface of the connecting plate 79 is threaded with several positioning shafts 77, and the position of the positioning shaft 77 corresponds to the position of the single-mode optical fiber 3, and one end of the insertion rod 73 is plugged into the surface of the connecting plate 76. When the single-mode optical fiber 3 is fixed to the spiral groove 2 provided on the surface of the elastic rod 1, the positioning mechanism 7 provided at both ends of the surface of the elastic rod 1 can be used for auxiliary operation. By clamping and fixing the positions of the two connecting plates 79, the positioning shaft 77 threaded through the surface of the connecting plate 79 can be used to abut and fix the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3, effectively preventing the single-mode optical fiber 3 from falling off. The surface of one end of the insertion rod 73 is rotatably connected to a pull ring 75, and the cross-section of the pull ring 75 is vertical. When the position of the insertion rod 73 is stretched and moved, the pull ring 75 rotating at one end of the insertion rod 73 is used for auxiliary operation, facilitating the stretching operation of the insertion rod 73. The positioning shaft 77 is fixedly connected to an auxiliary block 78 near the end of the elastic rod 1. The auxiliary block 78 is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block 78 abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3. During the process of binding the single-mode optical fiber 3 in the spiral groove 2 , an extrusion protection operation is performed with the help of the rubber auxiliary block 78 at one end of the positioning shaft 77 , so as to better squeeze and fix the single-mode optical fiber 3 .

[0071] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the support mechanism 8 includes four adjusting rings 81, the upper ends of the adjusting rings 81 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body 4, the inner wall of the adjusting ring 81 is threadedly connected to a support frame 82, the cross-section of the support frame 82 is cylindrical, and the inner wall of the support frame 82 is slidably connected to a support column 83, the upper ends of the support columns 83 are fixedly connected to limiting plates 84 on both sides, and limiting holes 86 are provided on both sides of the arc surface of the support frame 82, the inner wall of the limiting hole 86 is slidably connected to the surface of the limiting plate 84, and the upper end surface of the support column 83 is fixedly connected to a tension spring 87, and the end of the tension spring 87 away from the support column 83 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame 82. During the operation and use of the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5, in order to better support and limit the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5, the support mechanism 8 can be used to operate, and the support column 83 sliding in the support frame 82 is used to perform an extrusion support operation through the extrusion force generated by the tension spring 87. The inner wall of the tension spring 87 is slidably connected to a telescopic rod 88. The two ends of the telescopic rod 88 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame 82 and the upper surface of the support column 83. The lower surface of the support column 83 is fixedly connected to a support pad 85, which is a silicone pad. During the process of stretching and limiting the tension spring 87, the telescopic rod 88 can be used to protect the tension spring 87 to prevent the tension spring 87 from deformation during long-term use. During the process of supporting the entire light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5 with the support column 83, the support pad 85 made of silicone material is used for support and protection.

[0072] The overall working principle of the rod-fiber coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring is as follows: during the docking process between the single-mode optical fiber 3 and the light source body 4, the anti-slip mechanism 6 is used for protection. First, one end surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3 is inserted through the fixed frame 63 and the rotating ring 64. Then, the movable rod 67 is pulled to rotate the rotating ring 64 to close the entire fixed frame 63. Finally, the extrusion shaft 68 on the arc surface of the movable rod 67 is rotated to prevent the entire rotating ring 64 from shifting or loosening.

[0073] When squeezing and protecting the position of the single-mode optical fiber 3 in the spiral groove 2 on the surface of the elastic rod 1, the positioning mechanism 7 is used for auxiliary operation. First, the two positioning frames 71 are plugged into the two ends of the elastic rod 1, and then the two connecting plates 79 are plugged into the connecting plates 76 at both ends of the positioning frame 71. Then, the sliding rod 73 on the inner wall of the positioning plate 72 on the surface of the positioning frame 71 is stretched, so that the rod 73 is plugged and fixed with the connecting plate 76 with the help of the tensile force generated by the spring 74. At the same time, the positioning shaft 77 on the surface of the connecting plate 79 is rotated, so that the positioning shaft 77 can squeeze and fix the surface of the single-mode optical fiber 3 with the help of the auxiliary block 78.

[0074] During the operation of the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5, support and protection are provided by means of the support mechanism 8 set at the bottom, and the adjustment ring 81 on the lower surface of the light source body 4 and the spectrum analyzer 5 is threadedly connected with the support frame 82. Then, the support column 83 slides in the support frame 82, and the support column 83 uses the extrusion force generated by the tension spring 87 to provide support and protection, avoiding direct collision damage.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any other form. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes for application in other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment made according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rod-fiber coupled measuring device for monitoring slopes in open-pit coal mines, comprising an elastic rod (1), a light source body (4), and a spectrum analyzer (5), characterized in that: The arc surface of the elastic rod (1) is provided with a spiral groove (2), the inner wall of the spiral groove (2) is wound with a single-mode optical fiber (3), the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber (3) are electrically connected to the light source body (4) and the spectrum analyzer (5), respectively, and the surface of the light source body (4) is provided with an anti-slip mechanism (6) at a position corresponding to the single-mode optical fiber (3), the anti-slip mechanism (6) includes a fixed frame (61), the inner wall of the fixed frame (61) is rotatably connected to a rotating frame (62), and the end of the rotating frame (62) away from the fixed frame (61) is fixedly connected to a fixed frame (63). The inner wall of the fixed frame (63) is rotatably connected to a rotating ring (64), and the cross-sections of the fixed frame (63) and the rotating ring (64) are "C"-shaped; the inner wall of the rotating ring (64) and the fixed frame (63) slide through the arc surface of one end of the single-mode optical fiber (3), and a sliding hole (66) is provided on the surface of the fixed frame (63); the inner wall of the sliding hole (66) is slidably connected to a moving rod (67), one end of the moving rod (67) is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring (64), and the arc surface of the moving rod (67) is threadedly connected to an extrusion shaft (68); During the docking process between the single-mode optical fiber (3) and the light source body (4), the anti-drop mechanism (6) is used for protection. First, one end surface of the single-mode optical fiber (3) is inserted through the fixed frame (63) and the rotating ring (64). Then, the moving rod is pulled to rotate the rotating ring (64) so ​​that the entire fixed frame (63) is in a closed state. Finally, the extrusion axis of the arc surface of the moving rod is rotated so that the position of the entire rotating ring (64) cannot be deviated or loosened. Both ends of the elastic rod (1) are provided with a positioning mechanism (7), the positioning mechanism (7) includes a positioning frame (71), the inner wall of the positioning frame (71) is plugged into one end of the elastic rod (1), and both sides of the surface of the positioning frame (71) are fixedly connected with positioning plates (72), the surface of the positioning plate (72) is slidably penetrated by an insertion rod (73), the arc surface of the insertion rod (73) is sleeved with a spring (74), the two ends of the spring (74) are respectively fixedly connected to the insertion rod (73) and the positioning plate (72), the arc surfaces of both ends of the positioning frame (71) are fixedly connected with connecting plates (76), four connecting plates (76) are grouped into two, and the surface of each group of connecting plates (76) is plugged with the same connecting plate (79), the surface of the connecting plate (79) is threaded with a plurality of positioning shafts (77), and the positioning shafts (77) are threaded with the same connecting plates (79). The position corresponds to the position of the single-mode optical fiber (3), and one end of the plug rod (73) is plugged into the surface of the connecting plate (76); when the single-mode optical fiber (3) in the spiral groove (2) on the surface of the elastic rod (1) is squeezed and protected, the positioning mechanism (7) is used for auxiliary operation, and the two positioning frames (71) are first plugged into the two ends of the elastic rod (1), and then the two connecting plates (79) are plugged into the connecting plates (76) at both ends of the positioning frame (71), and then the plug rod (73) sliding on the inner wall of the positioning plate (72) on the surface of the positioning frame (71) is stretched, so that the plug rod (73) is plugged and fixed with the connecting plate (76) by the tensile force generated by the spring (74), and at the same time, the positioning shaft (77) on the surface of the connecting plate (79) is rotated, so that the positioning shaft (77) is pressed and fixed to the surface of the single-mode optical fiber (3) by the auxiliary block (78); The bottom surfaces of the light source body (4) and the spectrum analyzer (5) are both provided with a support mechanism (8), and the support mechanism (8) includes four adjustment rings (81), the upper ends of the adjustment rings (81) are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the light source body (4), the inner wall of the adjustment rings (81) is threadedly connected to a support frame (82), the cross section of the support frame (82) is cylindrical, the inner wall of the support frame (82) is slidably connected to a support column (83), the upper ends of the support columns (83) are fixedly connected to limit plates (84), the arc surface of the support frame (82) is provided with limit holes (86), the inner wall of the limit hole (86) is slidably connected to the surface of the limit plate (84), the upper end surface of the support column (83) is fixedly connected to a tension spring (87), and the tension spring (87) is away from the support column (83). One end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner wall of the support frame (82); the inner wall of the tension spring (87) is slidably connected to a telescopic rod (88), and the two ends of the telescopic rod (88) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame (82) and the upper surface of the support column (83), and the lower surface of the support column (83) is fixedly connected to a support pad (85), and the support pad (85) is a silicone pad; in the process of operating the light source body (4) and the spectrum analyzer (5), support and protection are performed with the help of the support mechanism (8) set at the bottom end, and the adjustment ring (81) on the lower surface of the light source body (4) and the spectrum analyzer (5) is threadedly connected to the support frame (82), and then the support column (83) is slid in the support frame (82) to allow the support column (83) to use the extrusion force generated by the tension spring (87) to perform support and protection.

2. The rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the inner wall of the fixed frame (61) are sleeved with coil springs (65), and both ends of the coil spring (65) are fixedly connected to the fixed frame (61) and the rotating frame (62) respectively.

3. The rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc surface of the moving rod (67) is covered with a protective ring (69), and the surface of the protective ring (69) is in contact with the lower surface of the extrusion shaft (68).

4. The rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moving rod (67) is a hard alloy rod, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the moving rod (67) are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the sliding hole (66).

5. The rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end surface of the insertion rod (73) is rotatably connected to a pull ring (75), and the cross section of the pull ring (75) is vertical.

6. The rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: An auxiliary block (78) is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning shaft (77) close to the elastic rod (1); the auxiliary block (78) is a rubber block, and the surface of the auxiliary block (78) abuts against the surface of the single-mode optical fiber (3).

7. A rod-fiber coupled measurement method for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring, using the rod-fiber coupled measurement device for open-pit coal mine slope monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: Step S1, pre-processing the single-mode optical fiber, designing and manufacturing an elastic rod (1), and encapsulating the single-mode optical fiber (3) in the spiral groove (2) of the elastic rod (1); Step S2, installing and deploying the elastic rod, drilling a hole in the slope of the open-pit coal mine or inside the geological body, and vertically inserting the elastic rod (1) in step 1 into the drilled hole to fill the hole and fix the rod body; Step S3, connecting and debugging the spectrum analyzer, connecting one end of the single-mode optical fiber (3) to the light source body, extending the other end to the surface through a protective optical cable, and connecting it to the spectrum analyzer (5), starting the light source body and the spectrum analyzer (5), and debugging the transmission signal to a normal value; Step S4, collecting and measuring spectrum analyzer data, monitoring the reflection spectrum changes of the single-mode optical fiber (3) in real time through the spectrum analyzer (5), analyzing the collected data using a data processing system, and calculating the deep displacement of the open-pit coal mine slope; Step S5: During the docking process between the single-mode optical fiber and the light source body, the anti-drop mechanism is used for protection. First, one end surface of the single-mode optical fiber is inserted through the fixed frame and the rotating ring. Then, the movable rod is pulled to rotate the rotating ring to close the entire fixed frame. Finally, the extrusion axis of the circular arc surface of the movable rod is rotated to prevent the entire rotating ring from shifting or loosening. Step S6: When squeezing and protecting the single-mode optical fiber in the spiral groove on the surface of the elastic rod, an auxiliary operation is performed with the help of the positioning mechanism. First, the two positioning frames are plugged into the two ends of the elastic rod, and then the two connecting plates are plugged into the connecting plates at both ends of the positioning frame. Then, the plug rod sliding on the inner wall of the positioning plate on the surface of the positioning frame is stretched, so that the plug rod is plugged and fixed with the connecting plate by the tensile force generated by the spring. At the same time, the positioning shaft on the surface of the connecting plate is rotated, so that the positioning shaft can squeeze and fix the surface of the single-mode optical fiber with the help of the auxiliary block. Step S7: During the operation of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, support and protection are provided by means of the support mechanism provided at the bottom, and the light source body and the adjustment ring on the lower surface of the spectrum analyzer are threadedly connected to the support frame. Then, the support column sliding in the support frame uses the extrusion force generated by the tension spring to provide support and protection, thereby avoiding direct damage caused by bumps and collisions.

Images