Intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system and method, and belongs to the technical field of medical informatization. The system is composed of a sensing layer, an edge calculation layer, a core processing layer and an application layer. The sensing layer is responsible for collecting vital signs of a patient, equipment operation and environment data; the edge calculation layer preprocesses the data and makes a local response; the core processing layer runs multiple engines by using a server cluster to realize disease prediction, cost calculation, data security management and the like; and the application layer provides an interactive interface for different users. The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, edge processing, core analysis and interactive feedback. The system integrates various technologies, effectively solves the problems of low efficiency of data acquisition and management, inaccurate treatment decision, tedious cost and medical insurance settlement, potential data safety hazards, unsmooth doctor-patient communication and the like in a traditional management mode, can improve the treatment effect and safety, optimizes the cost and medical insurance settlement process, guarantees the data safety privacy, and improves the treatment efficiency. And doctor-patient communication and patient management levels are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical informatization, and in particular to an intelligent integrated management system and method for hemodialysis patients. Background Art

[0002] At present, under the traditional management mode of hemodialysis patients, there are many problems to be solved urgently:

[0003] Data collection and management are scattered and inefficient: The collection of patients' vital signs, dialysis equipment operation data, and dialysis environment data relies on manual records or independent device storage, lacking systematic integration. For example, medical staff need to manually record patients' vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rate regularly, which not only consumes manpower but also is prone to recording errors or omissions. The operation data of dialysis equipment cannot be fed back to medical staff in real time, making it difficult to detect abnormalities in time when the equipment malfunctions, affecting the safety and stability of dialysis treatment.

[0004] Lack of accurate basis for treatment decisions: When doctors formulate dialysis treatment plans, they mainly rely on experience and limited patient data, making it difficult to achieve personalization and precision. Due to the lack of in-depth analysis of patients' historical data and real-time data, the setting of key parameters such as dialysis time, dialysate formula, and ultrafiltration volume is often not scientific enough, which may lead to poor treatment effects and increase the risk of patient complications.

[0005] Cost management and medical insurance settlement are complex and cumbersome: The calculation of dialysis costs involves multiple factors such as treatment items, drug use, and medical insurance policies, and manual calculation is extremely error-prone. At the same time, the medical insurance settlement process is cumbersome. Patients need to run back and forth between the hospital and the medical insurance department, submit a large amount of paper materials, and wait for a long review and reimbursement cycle, bringing great economic pressure and time costs to patients.

[0006] There are potential risks in data security and privacy protection: Patients' medical data is stored in the hospital's local system, facing the risks of data leakage and tampering. Moreover, in the process of medical insurance transactions, the transparency and traceability of transaction information are insufficient, easily giving rise to medical insurance fraud behaviors and damaging the interests of patients and medical insurance funds.

[0007] Poor communication between patients and medical staff: When patients encounter problems during dialysis treatment, it is difficult to obtain professional guidance and help quickly. Medical staff also cannot timely understand patients' self-management situations and feedback opinions, which is not conducive to the dynamic adjustment and optimization of treatment plans. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent comprehensive management system and method for hemodialysis patients, which solves the problems of scattered and inefficient data collection and management, lack of accurate basis for treatment decision-making, complex and cumbersome cost management and medical insurance settlement, potential risks in data security and privacy protection, and poor communication between patients and medical staff.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an intelligent comprehensive management system for hemodialysis patients, including:

[0010] Perception layer: Composed of vital sign monitoring devices, dialysis equipment data collection devices, and environmental monitoring sensors, which is used to collect patients' vital signs, dialysis equipment operation and environmental data;

[0011] Edge computing layer: An edge computing gateway is set up to preprocess the data of the perception layer and perform local response;

[0012] Core processing layer: Includes a server cluster, as well as an intelligent decision support system, a blockchain node, a cost management engine, and a patient interaction engine running on it;

[0013] Application layer: Covers doctor-side applications, patient-side applications, and hospital management-side applications, providing operation interfaces and interaction functions for different users.

[0014] Preferably, the vital sign monitoring device is connected to the edge computing gateway through Bluetooth Low Energy technology, the dialysis equipment data collection device is connected through a Wi-Fi network, and the environmental monitoring sensor is connected through ZigBee technology.

[0015] Preferably, the edge computing gateway processes vital sign data using the moving average method and extracts the characteristics of dialysis equipment operation data using the DBSCAN algorithm.

[0016] Preferably, the intelligent decision support system is based on the TensorFlow framework and uses a logistic regression model to predict patients' dialysis complications.

[0017] Preferably, the blockchain node uses the Ethereum consortium chain and the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm to ensure data security and immutability, and the blockchain node includes hospitals, medical insurance, and banks, and the medical insurance and the bank are respectively connected to the cost management engine through the medical insurance system and the bank system.

[0018] The present invention also provides an intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients, including the following steps:

[0019] S1. Data collection: Collect data at set intervals through the devices of the perception layer;

[0020] S2. Edge processing: Clean and extract features from the collected data in the edge computing layer for preprocessing;

[0021] S3. Core analysis: The core processing layer analyzes the data transmitted by the edge computing layer, including disease prediction, cost calculation, and data management;

[0022] S4. Interactive feedback: The application layer enables the interaction between patients, doctors, and the system, and uses the feedback data for system optimization.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the vital sign monitoring device collects data every 15 minutes, the dialysis device data acquisition device collects data in real time, and the environmental monitoring sensor collects data every 30 minutes.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, the 3σ criterion is used to remove data outliers, and the text data is processed through a word vector model.

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, the cost management engine, based on medical insurance policies and cost standards, uses the following reimbursement amount formula:

[0026] Reimbursement amount = (total cost - deductible line) × reimbursement ratio;

[0027] Calculate the patient's dialysis cost and out-of-pocket amount.

[0028] Preferably, in step S4, the patient-side application interacts with the patient through a virtual assistant using natural language processing technology to collect feedback data.

[0029] Therefore, the intelligent comprehensive management system and method for hemodialysis patients with the above structure of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. Improve treatment effect and safety:

[0031] By collecting the patient's vital sign data, dialysis device operation data, and environmental data in real time and comprehensively, the intelligent decision support system can provide more accurate and personalized dialysis treatment plan suggestions for doctors, timely discover and handle potential risks of patients, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the effect and safety of dialysis treatment.

[0032] 2. Optimize cost management and medical insurance settlement process:

[0033] The automatic docking of the cost management engine with the medical insurance system and the bank system realizes the automatic calculation, deduction, and reimbursement of dialysis costs, greatly simplifies the patient's payment process, reduces errors and cumbersome procedures caused by manual operations, improves the efficiency and accuracy of medical insurance settlement, and reduces the patient's economic burden and time cost.

[0034] 3. Ensure data security and privacy:

[0035] The application of blockchain technology ensures the immutability and traceability of patients' medical data, effectively preventing data leakage and medical insurance fraud, and safeguarding patients' privacy and the security of medical insurance funds. At the same time, the distributed data storage method improves the reliability and availability of data, avoiding data loss caused by single-point failures.

[0036] 4. Improve the level of doctor-patient communication and patient management:

[0037] The patient-side application and patient interaction engine provide patients with convenient communication channels and self-management tools. Patients can communicate with doctors at any time, obtain professional guidance and advice, improving patients' treatment compliance and self-management ability. Doctors can also timely understand the changes in patients' conditions and needs, adjust treatment plans, and achieve more precise medical services.

[0038] 5. Improve the management efficiency and operation level of hospitals:

[0039] The hospital management-side application provides hospital administrators with comprehensive and real-time hospital operation information, helping administrators make scientific resource allocation and management decisions. At the same time, functions such as financial statement generation, medical insurance settlement statistics, and quality control analysis improve the management efficiency and operation level of hospitals, promoting the sustainable development of hospitals.

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent comprehensive management system and method for hemodialysis patients of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow diagram of an intelligent comprehensive management system and method for hemodialysis patients of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0043] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which this invention pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative position relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0045] Embodiment

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides an intelligent comprehensive management system for hemodialysis patients, as follows:

[0047] Perception layer: It consists of vital sign monitoring devices, dialysis equipment data acquisition devices, and environmental monitoring sensors. Vital sign monitoring devices, such as smart bracelets, smart sphygmomanometers, etc., are connected to the edge computing gateway by means of Bluetooth Low Energy technology, and collect vital sign data of patients such as blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation at intervals of 15 minutes. The dialysis equipment data acquisition device is connected to the edge computing gateway through a Wi-Fi network and real-time collects the operation data of the dialysis equipment, including key parameters such as dialysis fluid flow rate, dialysis pressure, and ultrafiltration volume. The environmental monitoring sensor communicates with the edge computing gateway using ZigBee technology and collects environmental data such as the temperature, humidity, and air quality in the dialysis room every 30 minutes. These devices jointly provide raw data support for the system to ensure the comprehensiveness and real-time nature of the data.

[0048] Edge computing layer: An edge computing gateway is set up to preprocess the data of the perception layer and make local responses. For vital sign data, the moving average method is used to remove noise interference, and its formula is:

[0049] \[\bar{X}_t=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=t-n+1}^{t}X_i\];

[0050] Among them, \(\bar{X}_t\) is the moving average at time \(t\), \(X_i\) is the original data at time \(i\), and \(n\) is the window size of the moving average. Assume the window size \(n = 5\), that is, the blood pressure data collected in the recent 5 times are averaged to obtain a more stable blood pressure value. For the operation data of the dialysis device, the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications) algorithm is used to extract data features and identify the normal operation state and potential failure modes of the device. When abnormal data is detected, such as when the pressure of the dialysis device exceeds the safety threshold, the edge computing gateway immediately triggers the local alarm mechanism, notifies the medical staff through sound and light alarms, and marks the abnormal data and gives priority to transmitting it to the core processing layer.

[0051] Core processing layer: It includes a server cluster, as well as an intelligent decision support system, a blockchain node, a cost management engine, and a patient interaction engine running on it. The intelligent decision support system is based on the TensorFlow framework and uses a logistic regression model to predict patients' dialysis complications. The formula of the logistic regression model is:

[0052]

[0053] Among them, \(P(Y = 1|X)\) is the probability of the occurrence of complication \(Y = 1\) under the feature \(X = X1, X2...X\) n features, \(\beta_0\) is the intercept, and \(\beta\) i is the coefficient of the feature \(X\) i For example, using the patient's age, dialysis duration, blood pressure, etc. as features \(X1, X2, X3\), etc., the model parameters \(\beta_0, \beta_1, \beta_2\), etc. are obtained through the training of a large amount of historical data, and then the probability of patients having dialysis complications is predicted. The blockchain node adopts the Ethereum consortium blockchain and the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm to ensure data security and immutability. Hospitals, medical insurance, and banks act as blockchain nodes, and medical insurance and banks are respectively connected to the cost management engine through the medical insurance system and the bank system. The cost management engine calculates the patient's dialysis cost and out-of-pocket amount according to the medical insurance policy and cost standards using the reimbursement amount formula:

[0054] Reimbursement amount = (total cost - deductible line) × reimbursement ratio;

[0055] Out-of-pocket amount = total cost - reimbursement amount;

[0056] Assume the total cost of the patient's dialysis is 5000 yuan, the local medical insurance deductible line is 1000 yuan, and the reimbursement ratio is 70%. Then the reimbursement amount = (5000 - 1000) × 0.7 = 2800 yuan, and the out-of-pocket amount = 5000 - 2800 = 2200 yuan. The patient interaction engine uses natural language processing technology and a pre-trained language model based on the Transformer architecture (such as BERT) to achieve natural language interaction with patients, answer patients' questions, and collect patients' feedback.

[0057] Application layer: It covers applications for doctors, patients, and hospital management. The doctor application provides functions such as real-time viewing of patient data, receiving suggestions from the intelligent decision support system, adjusting treatment plans, and issuing electronic prescriptions for doctors. The patient application facilitates patients to view treatment plans, expense details, and drug information, and obtain treatment guidance, make expense payments, and schedule dialysis times through a virtual assistant. The hospital management application helps hospital administrators monitor equipment operation, manage drug inventory, statistics financial data, and conduct medical insurance settlement, etc.

[0058] As Figure 2 shown, the present invention provides an intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients, which is specifically as follows:

[0059] S1. Data collection: The vital sign monitoring device collects data every 15 minutes, the dialysis device data collection device collects data in real time, and the environmental monitoring sensor collects data every 30 minutes. Each device automatically collects data at the set time interval and transmits it to the edge computing layer through the corresponding communication technology.

[0060] S2. Edge processing: In the edge computing layer, the 3σ criterion is used to remove data outliers, and the formula is:

[0061] μ ± 3σ;

[0062] where μ is the mean of the data and σ is the standard deviation of the data. If a data point exceeds this range, it is determined as an outlier. At the same time, the text data (such as patients' symptom descriptions, medical advice information, etc.) is processed through a word vector model to convert the text into a vector form that can be understood by a computer for subsequent analysis. After preprocessing such as cleaning and feature extraction, the data is transmitted to the core processing layer.

[0063] S3. Core analysis: The intelligent decision support system in the core processing layer deeply analyzes the transmitted data, predicts patients' dialysis complications, and provides treatment plan suggestions for doctors. The expense management engine calculates the patients' dialysis expenses and out-of-pocket amounts according to medical insurance policies and expense standards using the reimbursement amount formula, and docks with the medical insurance system and the bank system to complete the expense deduction and reimbursement process. The blockchain node encrypts and stores the patients' medical data and medical insurance transaction records for secure management, ensuring the immutability and traceability of the data.

[0064] S4. Interaction and feedback: The application layer realizes the interaction between patients, doctors, and the system. The patient application interacts with patients through a virtual assistant using natural language processing technology to collect patients' feedback data. Doctors adjust treatment plans according to patients' feedback and system suggestions, and the system optimizes the model based on the feedback data to continuously improve the system performance and service quality.

[0065] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intelligent comprehensive management system and method for hemodialysis patients. Through the integration of multiple technologies, it solves the problems in the traditional management mode such as inefficient data collection and management, inaccurate treatment decision-making, cumbersome expense management and medical insurance settlement, potential data security risks, and poor doctor-patient communication. It can improve the treatment effect and safety, optimize the expense management and medical insurance settlement process, ensure data security and privacy, enhance doctor-patient communication and patient management level, as well as improve the hospital management efficiency and operation level.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent comprehensive management system for hemodialysis patients, characterized in that: include: Perception layer: It consists of vital signs monitoring equipment, dialysis equipment data collection devices, and environmental monitoring sensors, which are used to collect patient vital signs, dialysis equipment operation and environmental data; Edge computing layer: An edge computing gateway is set up to pre-process and locally respond to the perception layer data; Core processing layer: includes server clusters, as well as intelligent decision support systems, blockchain nodes, cost management engines, and patient interaction engines running on them; Application layer: covers doctor-side applications, patient-side applications and hospital management-side applications, providing operation interfaces and interactive functions for different users.

2. The intelligent comprehensive management system for hemodialysis patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vital signs monitoring device is connected to the edge computing gateway via Bluetooth low energy technology, the dialysis equipment data acquisition device is connected via a Wi-Fi network, and the environmental monitoring sensor is connected via ZigBee technology.

3. The intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge computing gateway uses the moving average method to process vital signs data and uses the DBSCAN algorithm to extract the characteristics of dialysis equipment operation data.

4. The intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent decision support system is based on the TensorFlow framework and uses a logistic regression model to predict patient dialysis complications.

5. The intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blockchain nodes use the Ethereum consortium chain and the practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm to ensure data security and non-tamperability, and the blockchain nodes include hospitals, medical insurance and banks. The medical insurance and the bank are connected to the expense management engine through the medical insurance system and the bank system respectively.

6. An intelligent comprehensive management system for hemodialysis patients according to any one of claims 1 to 5, applied to an intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, data collection: collect data at set intervals through the perception layer equipment; S2, edge processing: cleaning, feature extraction and preprocessing of collected data at the edge computing layer; S3, core analysis: The core processing layer analyzes the data transmitted by the edge computing layer, including disease prediction, cost calculation, and data management; S4. Interactive feedback: The application layer realizes the interaction between patients, doctors and the system, and uses the feedback data for system optimization.

7. The intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the vital signs monitoring device collects data every 15 minutes, the dialysis equipment data collection device collects data in real time, and the environmental monitoring sensor collects data every 30 minutes.

8. The intelligent hemodialysis patient comprehensive management system and method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the 3σ criterion is used to remove data outliers, and the text data is processed through the word vector model.

9. The intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the expense management engine uses the reimbursement amount formula based on the medical insurance policy and expense standards as follows: Reimbursement amount = (total cost - deductible) × reimbursement ratio; Calculate patient dialysis costs and co-pays.

10. The intelligent comprehensive management method for hemodialysis patients according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the patient-side application uses natural language processing technology through a virtual assistant to interact with the patient and collect feedback data.

Images