Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave assembly

Abstract

A feed network assembly of the Ka-band dual-polarized four-port microwave assembly is an integral cavity assembly formed by an upper cavity, a lower cavity and a cover plate, a common port of the feed network assembly is a square waveguide port, is used for connecting a feed source assembly of an antenna and is a common port for Ka broadband electromagnetic wave input and output, and the microwave assembly is of a cavity structure. A left-hand transmitting port, a left-hand receiving port, a right-hand transmitting port and a right-hand receiving port are finally coupled through electromagnetic distribution of the inner cavity, the left-hand transmitting port and the right-hand transmitting port are standard WR28 waveguide ports, and the left-hand receiving port and the right-hand receiving port are standard WR42 waveguide ports. The standard waveguide can be respectively installed and integrated with a standard radio frequency transceiver assembly. According to the invention, integration and miniaturization integration of the feed network of the broadband satellite communication antenna are realized. The assembly can greatly reduce the loss of a feed source network, improve the signal strength, and reduce the size and weight of an antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is applied to the field of satellite communication, and particularly relates to a Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component. Background Art

[0002] A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component is a core component of a satellite communication antenna. Its function is to transmit the signals from a radio frequency power amplifier in different polarizations through a feed source, and at the same time, separate the signals received from the feed source into left-handed and right-handed signals and send them to the receiving radio frequency channels, realizing the left-handed and right-handed receiving channels and the left-handed and right-handed transmitting channels of the signals. At present, the feed network of a parabolic antenna mainly consists of 1 septum polarizer and 2 duplexers connected by several waveguides, having defects such as long connection links, large losses, large volume, and high weight.

[0003] A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component replaces the functions of multiple devices such as duplexers, polarizers, and connecting waveguides with one device, reducing the overall loss of the antenna, compressing the network space, and reducing the weight of the antenna. It has a wide promotion space in miniaturized antennas, such as airborne mobile communication antennas and portable station antennas, and can support the product to carry out miniaturized and lightweight designs.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN 105185085B discloses a design scheme of a Ka-band broadband circular polarization four-port microwave network. This scheme is formed by assembling devices such as frequency duplexers, orthomode couplers, and bridges through parts, and does not achieve the productization purpose of integrated and miniaturized designs. The overall weight after combination is about 2 Kg, and the insertion loss exceeds 1 dB. On the Chinese Patent Network, there is currently no similar four-port component in the Ka-band of the communication field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component, whose feeding network component forms an integral cavity component by an upper cavity, a lower cavity, and a cover plate. Its common port is a square waveguide port for connecting the feed component of the antenna, and it is the common port for the input and output of Ka broadband electromagnetic waves. The microwave component has a cavity structure, and finally forms a left-handed transmitting port, a left-handed receiving port, a right-handed transmitting port, and a right-handed receiving port through the electromagnetic distribution in the inner cavity. Among them, the left-handed transmitting port and the right-handed transmitting port are standard WR28 waveguide ports, and the left-handed receiving port and the right-handed receiving port are standard WR42 waveguide ports. The standard waveguides can be respectively installed and integrated with standard radio frequency transceiver components.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: its internal cavity forms a partition polarizer through the internal cavity distribution to achieve polarization isolation of broadband electromagnetic waves, forming two circular polarizations of left and right hand. The transceiver separation of the left and right hand signals is realized through two duplexers respectively. The duplexer is a three-port device, and the transceiver isolation degree is greater than 90 dB, and the loss of the overall microwave component is less than 0.2 dB.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the upper cavity, the lower cavity cover plate and the three components are all processed by 6061 aluminum alloy to form waveguide cavity characteristics. The overall surface is treated with colored conductive oxidation to increase the conductive performance and anti-corrosion performance of the cavity. The three components are fastened and connected by screws to ensure the closure of the internal cavity. From the input port to the output port of the whole component, the insertion loss is not greater than 0.2 dB.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the partition polarizer in the internal cavity is a gradually changing metal partition in the cavity, so that the phase difference between the two columns of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic wave components passing through the vertical partition and the parallel partition of the waveguide cavity is close to 90°, realizing the line - circular conversion. Through the cascade connection of 5 - stage partitions, the phase delay of different frequencies is compensated to expand the working bandwidth. The length of the first stage of the partition is about 0.29λ, the height is about 0.14λ, the length of the second stage is about 0.32λ, the height is about 0.13λ, the length of the third stage is about 0.33λ, the height is about 0.12λ, the length of the fourth stage is about 0.14λ, the height is about 0.26λ, and the length of the fifth stage is about 0.47λ, the height is about 0.10λ.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the duplexer in the internal cavity is composed of a high - pass filter and a low - pass filter, and uses multi - stage coupled resonators to expand the bandwidth. Through the stop - band characteristics of the filter, it is ensured that the isolation degree of the transceiver signal path is > 90 dB. The high - pass filter is composed of 5 - stage transformed waveguide gradual change sections; the low - pass filter is composed of 7 - order single - side step transformation sections.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: after the four - port microwave component is processed by cavity, a total of 4 RF channels for left - hand and right - hand transceivers can be formed. The right - hand port of the partition polarizer forms a waveguide cavity through the cover plate bridge and is connected to the right - hand duplexer to form a compact layout.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention is applied to the Ka-band antenna in the field of satellite communication, forming a partition polarizer to achieve polarization isolation of broadband electromagnetic waves, and forming two circular polarizations of left-handed and right-handed. Then, two duplexers are used to separately realize the transceiver separation of left-handed and right-handed signals. The duplexer is a three-port device, the transceiver isolation degree is greater than 90 dB, the loss of the overall microwave component is less than 0.2 dB, and the weight does not exceed 0.4 Kg. The prior art is formed by assembling parts using devices such as frequency duplexers, orthomode couplers, and bridges, and does not achieve the productization purpose of integrated and miniaturized design. The technology of the present invention adopts an integrated design, with a volume less than 1 / 3 of the prior art, a weight less than 1 / 5 of the prior art, and a loss less than 1 / 5 of the prior art. It is an indispensable key device for future Ka-band dual-polarization antennas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is the front view structure diagram of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is the top view structure diagram of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the dual-polarization four-port microwave component of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 It is the assembly schematic diagram of the dual-polarization four-port microwave component of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 It is the size schematic diagram of the partition polarizer of the four-port microwave component of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: upper cavity 1, lower cavity 2, cover plate 3, square waveguide port 4, left-handed transmission port 5, left-handed reception port 6, right-handed transmission port 7, right-handed reception port 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The present invention will be further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] As Figure 1 , 2Shown is a structural diagram of a Ka-band dual-polarized four-port microwave component. The entire structure is divided into three parts. The upper cavity 1, the lower cavity 2, and the cover plate 3 form an integral cavity component. Its common port is a square waveguide port 4, which can be used to connect the feed component of the antenna and is the common port for the input and output of Ka-band broadband electromagnetic waves. Its internal cavity forms a partition polarizer through the internal cavity distribution to achieve polarization isolation of broadband electromagnetic waves, forming two circular polarizations of left and right hand. The transceiver separation of the left and right hand signals is realized through two duplexers respectively. The duplexer is a three-port device, and the transceiver isolation is greater than 90 dB. The loss of the overall microwave component is less than 0.2 dB. The three components of the upper cavity 1, the lower cavity 2, and the cover plate 3 are all processed from 6061 aluminum alloy to form waveguide cavity features. The overall surface is treated with colored conductive oxidation to increase the conductivity and anti-corrosion performance of the cavity. The three components are fastened and connected with screws to ensure the internal cavity is closed. From the input port to the output port of the entire component, the insertion loss is not greater than 0.2 dB.

[0021] As Figure 3 Shown is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dual-polarized four-port microwave component. The microwave component has a cavity structure. Through the electromagnetic distribution in the internal cavity, it finally couples to form a left-hand transmit port 5, a left-hand receive port 6, a right-hand transmit port 7, and a right-hand receive port 8. Among them, the left-hand transmit port 5 and the right-hand transmit port 7 are standard WR28 waveguide ports, and the left-hand receive port 6 and the right-hand receive port 8 are standard WR42 waveguide ports.

[0022] As Figure 4 Shown is the assembly view of the dual-polarized four-port microwave component. For the polarizer and duplexer used to form dual polarization, the overall structure is formed by screwing and pressing two layers of cavities up and down to form a cavity. The right-hand port of the partition polarizer forms a waveguide cavity through the cover plate 3 and is connected to the right-hand duplexer to form a compact layout. The partition polarizer in the internal cavity is a gradually changing metal partition in the cavity, which makes the phase difference between the two columns of orthogonally polarized electromagnetic wave components passing through the vertical and parallel partitions of the waveguide cavity close to 90°, realizing the line-circle conversion. Through the cascading of 5 partitions, the phase delay of different frequencies is compensated to expand the working bandwidth. The first stage of the partition is about 0.29λ in length and about 0.14λ in height, the second stage is about 0.32λ in length and about 0.13λ in height, the third stage is about 0.33λ in length and about 0.12λ in height, the fourth stage is about 0.14λ in length and about 0.26λ in height, and the fifth stage is about 0.47λ in length and about 0.10λ in height. The duplexer in the internal cavity is composed of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and uses multi-stage coupled resonators to expand the bandwidth. Through the stopband characteristics of the filter, it ensures that the isolation degree of the transceiver signal path > 90 dB. The high-pass filter is composed of 5 stages of transformed waveguide gradual change segments; the low-pass filter is composed of 7-order single-sided step transformation segments.

[0023] As Figure 3Schematic three-dimensional diagram of the shown dual-polarized four-port microwave component. The square waveguide port 4 can be used to connect the feed component of the antenna and is the common port for the input and output of Ka broadband electromagnetic waves. The microwave component has a cavity structure, and finally, through the electromagnetic distribution in the inner cavity, a left-handed transmitting port 5, a left-handed receiving port 6, a right-handed transmitting port 7, and a right-handed receiving port 8 are coupled. Among them, the left-handed transmitting port 5 and the right-handed transmitting port 7 are standard WR28 waveguide ports, and the left-handed receiving port 6 and the right-handed receiving port 8 are standard WR42 waveguide ports. Standard waveguides can be used to be installed and integrated with standard radio frequency transceiver components respectively, forming the channel link of the entire transceiver duplex communication, and having the characteristics of high integration, miniaturization, light weight, and low loss.

[0024] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teachings of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to the embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component, characterized in that: The feeding network component is composed of an upper cavity (1), a lower cavity (2), and a cover plate (3) to form an integral cavity component, wherein the common port is a square waveguide port (4) for connecting the feed source component of the antenna and is a common port for inputting and outputting Ka broadband electromagnetic waves. The microwave component is in a cavity structure and is finally coupled through the electromagnetic distribution of the inner cavity to form a left-handed transmitting port (5), a left-handed receiving port (6), a right-handed transmitting port (7), and a right-handed receiving port (8), wherein the left-handed transmitting port (5) and the right-handed transmitting port (7) are standard WR28 waveguide ports, and the left-handed receiving port (6) and the right-handed receiving port (8) are standard WR42 waveguide ports. The standard waveguides can be respectively installed and integrated with standard radio frequency transceiver components.

2. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its internal cavity forms a partition polarizer through the internal cavity distribution to achieve polarization isolation of broadband electromagnetic waves, forming two circular polarizations of left and right rotation. The transmission and reception separation of left and right rotation signals are respectively realized through two duplexers. The duplexer is a three-port device with a transmission and reception isolation greater than 90dB and an overall microwave component loss of less than 0.2dB.

3. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cavity (1), the lower cavity (2) and the cover plate (3) are all made of 6061 aluminum alloy to form waveguide cavity features. The overall surface is treated with colored conductive oxidation to increase the cavity's conductivity and corrosion resistance. The three components are fastened with screws to ensure that the internal cavity is closed. The entire assembly has an insertion loss of no more than 0.2 dB from the input port to the output port.

4. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition polarizer of the inner cavity is a gradient metal partition in the cavity, which makes the phase difference of the two orthogonally polarized electromagnetic wave components passing through the vertical partition and the parallel partition of the waveguide cavity close to 90°, realizing line-to-circle conversion, and through the cascade of 5-level partitions, the phase delays of different frequencies are compensated and the working bandwidth is expanded. The first level of the partition is about 0.29λ long and about 0.14λ high, the second level is about 0.32λ long and about 0.13λ high, the third level is about 0.33λ long and about 0.12λ high, the fourth level is about 0.14λ long and about 0.26λ high, and the fifth level is about 0.47λ long and about 0.10λ high.

5. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The duplexer of the inner cavity is composed of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and a multi-stage coupled resonator is used to expand the bandwidth. Through the stopband characteristics of the filter, the isolation of the transmit and receive signal paths is ensured to be greater than 90dB. The high-pass filter is composed of a waveguide gradient section with 5 levels of transformation; the low-pass filter is composed of a 7-order single-sided step transformation section.

6. A Ka-band dual-polarization four-port microwave component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: After the four-port microwave component is processed in the cavity, a total of four radio frequency channels for left-handed and right-handed transmission and reception can be formed, wherein the right-handed port of the partition polarizer is bridged through the cover plate (3) to form a waveguide cavity and is connected to the right-handed duplexer, forming a compact layout.

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