Cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet-coupled driven hydropower and hydrogen co-production system

Abstract

The present invention provides a cellulose-based all-weather light-humidity coupling driven water-power-hydrogen cogeneration system, comprising a water-power-hydrogen cogeneration module, a condensing plate, a water storage module, an electricity storage module, an oxygen storage module and a hydrogen storage module; the water-power-hydrogen cogeneration module is connected to the electricity storage module through a transmission circuit, and the water-power-hydrogen cogeneration module is respectively connected to the oxygen storage module and the hydrogen storage module through a gas transmission pipeline; the condensing plate is obliquely arranged above the water-power-hydrogen cogeneration module, and the end of the condensing plate is connected to the water storage module. By setting the condensing plate and the water-power-hydrogen cogeneration module, the daytime sunlight resources and all-weather moisture resources are fully utilized, and all-weather operation and water-power-hydrogen cogeneration can be realized, which has good environmental adaptability and energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, and particularly to a cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet coupled driven water-hydrogen co-production system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid increase in population and industrial development, the consumption of traditional energy and fresh water resources has increased sharply. The consumption of non-renewable coal and fuel has intensified, and the pollutants generated by traditional power generation threaten the ecological environment. In addition, the uneven distribution of fresh water resources has led to frequent droughts, and there is an urgent need to develop green energy and diversified water resource utilization technologies.

[0003] Water resources have great potential in the energy field, with various power generation modes and hydrogen energy preparation methods. Among them, gaseous water resources are several times the total river water volume, and the purification process is omitted compared with seawater. Therefore, it is an ideal green energy. Humidity power generation, atmospheric water extraction, and in-situ hydrogen production technologies have emerged. However, due to limitations such as high desorption temperature in combination with hydrolysis, low power output efficiency, working time limited by light, and difficulty in integrating multiple modules, the research and development of a multi-energy co-production system with high efficiency, high operability, high adaptability, and high cost performance has become a top priority.

[0004] The existing patent document with the publication number CN118063860A discloses a cellulose-based aerogel humidity power generation material, its preparation method and application. The power generation material includes cellulose and organic / inorganic functional micro-nano components. The preparation method includes: preparing cellulose into a cellulose sol or cellulose gel, adding organic / inorganic functional micro-nano components, pouring into a mold, and obtaining the product after freezing and drying. However, this patent is limited to a low voltage output and a single use, and does not involve the energy generated during the conversion of gaseous water, liquid water, and bound water, as well as the comprehensive utilization of energy.

[0005] The existing patent document with the publication number CN118407062A discloses a self-sustaining electrolytic water hydrogen production system based on a humidity generator, including an electrolytic water module, a power supply module, and a humidity supply module; the electrolytic water module includes an electrolytic cell, an electrolyte, a silver sheet electrode, a platinum wire electrode, and a switch; the power supply module includes a humidity generator array; the humidity generator includes a functional hygroscopic film, a silver electrode, and a conductive carbon tape electrode; the functional hygroscopic film includes a sodium alginate layer, a transition layer, and a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt layer arranged in sequence; the silver electrode and the conductive carbon tape electrode serve as the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively; the positive electrode of the humidity generator array is connected to the silver sheet electrode through a wire, and the negative electrode is connected to the platinum wire electrode through a wire; the humidity supply module continuously provides a humidity environment for the power supply module through the natural evaporation of water. This patent uses a humidity power generation module to provide power for the electrolytic water system, but still requires additional water resource supply.

[0006] The existing patent document with the publication number CN114941149A discloses a solar thermal and photoelectrocatalytic integrated water splitting hydrogen production device, which includes a hydrogen production device, a green chamber, a cooling chamber, and a thermoelectric device. The hydrogen production device includes a photoanode and a photocathode with a light-receiving surface. The green chamber contains the hydrogen production device, stores a first aqueous solution in contact with the photoanode and the photocathode, and the generated hydrogen and oxygen. The cooling chamber contains a second aqueous solution with a temperature not higher than the initial temperature of the first aqueous solution. The thermoelectric device is adjacently arranged between the green chamber and the cooling chamber. The photoanode and the photocathode are respectively connected to the thermoelectric device. This patent requires additional liquid water input and two liquids with specific heat capacities as a medium, relying on liquid water resources.

[0007] The existing patent document with the publication number CN119144977A discloses an atmospheric water collection coupled electrolytic water hydrogen production system, which includes an electrocatalytic hydrogen production subsystem, an atmospheric water collection subsystem, and an electrocatalytic oxygen production subsystem. The atmospheric water collection subsystem is located between the electrocatalytic hydrogen production subsystem and the electrocatalytic oxygen production subsystem. A hygroscopic material is placed in the atmospheric water collection subsystem. One side of the hygroscopic material is in contact with the cathode catalyst placed in the electrocatalytic hydrogen production subsystem, and an electrocatalytic hydrogen production reaction occurs. The other side of the hygroscopic material is in contact with the anode catalyst placed in the electrocatalytic oxygen production subsystem, and an electrocatalytic oxygen production reaction occurs. The cathode catalyst and the anode catalyst are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the energy input subsystem through wires, and under the drive of the energy input subsystem, an electrocatalytic decomposition of atmospheric water reaction is carried out. This patent still needs to rely on external power input. The same as the electrochemistry reaction generator mechanism, the energy conversion efficiency is low, and the decomposition rate of the water in the gel is significantly lower than the moisture absorption rate, resulting in a large amount of water waste. This system cannot convert this part of the remaining water into liquid water for further utilization.

[0008] Constructing a hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production system that only relies on the moisture and sunlight in nature is of great significance for the development of green energy. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet coupling driven hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production system.

[0010] A cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet coupling driven hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production system provided by the present invention includes a hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module, a condensation plate, a water storage module, a power storage module, an oxygen storage module, and a hydrogen storage module;

[0011] The hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module is connected to the power storage module through a transmission circuit, and the hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module is respectively connected to the oxygen storage module and the hydrogen storage module through a gas delivery pipeline;

[0012] The condensation plate is inclined and arranged above the hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module, and the end of the condensation plate is connected to the water storage module.

[0013] Preferably, the hydropower and hydrogen co-production module includes a first metal porous positive electrode, an aerogel layer, a metal porous negative electrode, a porous insulating layer, a second metal porous positive electrode, a first hydrogel layer, a second hydrogel layer, and an inert electrode that are sequentially attached and connected from top to bottom;

[0014] A photoanode and a photocathode are respectively arranged on both sides of the first hydrogel layer, and the photoanode, the first hydrogel layer, and the photocathode are sequentially attached and connected in the same horizontal direction;

[0015] The photoanode is connected to an oxygen storage module through a gas collection pipeline, and the photocathode is connected to a hydrogen storage module through a gas collection pipeline;

[0016] The first metal porous positive electrode, the metal porous negative electrode, the second metal porous positive electrode, the inert electrode, the photoanode, and the photocathode are respectively connected to a power storage module through a transmission circuit.

[0017] Preferably, the first metal porous positive electrode and the metal porous negative electrode form a streaming potential electrode pair;

[0018] The aerogel layer adsorbs water on the high-humidity side, and the adsorbed water and the aerogel layer dissociate to form cations, and the cations move from the high-humidity side of the aerogel layer to the low-humidity side of the aerogel layer;

[0019] The first metal porous positive electrode, the aerogel layer, and the metal porous negative electrode realize streaming potential power generation.

[0020] Preferably, the second metal porous positive electrode and the inert electrode form a humidity electrode pair;

[0021] The first hydrogel layer includes a strong moisture-absorbing hydrogel layer, and the second hydrogel layer includes a weak moisture-absorbing hydrogel layer;

[0022] The first hydrogel layer and the second hydrogel layer adsorb water in the air and water in the aerogel layer, and a humidity gradient and a cation concentration gradient are formed from the upper side of the first hydrogel layer to the lower side of the second hydrogel layer;

[0023] The second metal porous positive electrode, the first hydrogel layer, the second hydrogel layer, and the inert electrode realize humidity power generation.

[0024] Preferably, the photoanode and the photocathode form a photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair;

[0025] The first hydrogel layer is respectively connected to the photoanode and the photocathode through the nano transmission channels of the first hydrogel layer. The photoanode undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate oxygen, and the photocathode undergoes a reduction reaction to produce hydrogen;

[0026] The photoanode, the first hydrogel layer, and the photocathode achieve photocatalytic water splitting for power generation.

[0027] Preferably, a plurality of the hydroelectric and hydrogen co-production modules are included, and the plurality of hydroelectric and hydrogen co-production modules are arranged in an array.

[0028] Preferably, the aerogel layer includes one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic salts, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

[0029] Preferably, both the first hydrogel layer and the second hydrogel layer include one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic salts, and cross-linking agents.

[0030] Preferably, the photoanode material includes one or more of titanium dioxide, bismuth vanadate, hematite, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nitride / tungsten trioxide, and iron oxyhydroxide.

[0031] Preferably, the photocathode material includes one or more of platinum, rhodium-doped strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, copper oxide, and iron oxyhydroxide.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. By providing a condensation plate and a hydroelectric and hydrogen co-production module, the present invention makes full use of daytime sunlight resources and all-weather moisture resources, can achieve all-weather operation and hydroelectric and hydrogen co-production, and has good environmental adaptability and energy conversion efficiency;

[0034] 2. By adopting an in-situ hydrogen production technology, the present invention omits the evaporation condensation water collection step and the setting of an electrolytic cell, reduces energy waste, and simplifies the system structure;

[0035] 3. By using an aerogel layer and a hydrogel layer to obtain moisture from the air for power generation, water collection, and hydrogen production, the present invention does not require additional input of liquid water resources and has the potential to cope with water resource shortages;

[0036] 4. By adopting a multi-layer gel composite structure in the hydroelectric and hydrogen co-production module, including an aerogel layer, a first hydrogel layer, and a second hydrogel layer, the present invention couples different power generation mechanisms, is conducive to maintaining a humidity gradient, and is conducive to the transformation between bound water and liquid water, and has high stability and energy efficiency;

[0037] 5. By using regenerable cellulose as the basic material for the aerogel layer, the first hydrogel layer, and the second hydrogel layer, the present invention has good degradability and is environmentally friendly. Description of the Drawings

[0038] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram mainly showing the structure of the hydropower-hydrogen co-production system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram mainly showing the structure of the hydropower-hydrogen co-production module of the present invention.

[0041] As shown in the figure:

[0042] First metal porous positive electrode 1; metal porous negative electrode 2; aerogel layer 3; second metal porous positive electrode 4;

[0043] Porous insulating layer 5; photoanode 6; photocathode 7; first hydrogel layer 8; second hydrogel layer 9;

[0044] Inert electrode 10; hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11; condensation plate 12; water storage module 13; electricity storage module 14;

[0045] Oxygen storage module 15; hydrogen storage module 16. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several changes and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] As Figure 1 shown, a cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet coupled drive hydropower-hydrogen co-production system provided by the present invention includes a hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11, a condensation plate 12, a water storage module 13, an electricity storage module 14, an oxygen storage module 15, a hydrogen storage module 16, several transmission circuits, and a gas delivery pipeline. An inclined condensation plate 12 is placed above the hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11; the end of the condensation plate 12 is connected to the water storage module 13. The hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11 is connected to the electricity storage module 14 through a transmission circuit, and the hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11 is respectively connected to the oxygen storage module 15 and the hydrogen storage module 16 through a gas delivery pipeline.

[0048] The hydropower-hydrogen co-production module 11 of this system integrates functions of humidity power generation, atmospheric water collection, photocatalytic water splitting, and in-situ hydrogen production, forming a photo-wet coupled generator, and improving the energy conversion efficiency through the coupling of multiple power generation mechanisms. The condensation plate of this system condenses gas into water, and the formed liquid water droplets flow along the inclined condensation plate 12 to the water storage module 13 to complete the task of atmospheric water collection. This system realizes the integrated self-sustaining operation of hydropower and hydrogen and eliminates the limitations of factors such as time conditions.

[0049] Among them, the condensation plate 12 is inclined and arranged above the water-hydrogen co-production module 11, and the end of the condensation plate 12 is connected to the water storage module 13, and the water storage module 13 can be simply set as a water collecting tank. The material of the condensation plate is preferably one of light-transmitting materials such as quartz glass, ultraviolet-transmitting glass, and borosilicate glass.

[0050] Specifically, there are multiple water-hydrogen co-production modules 11, and the multiple water-hydrogen co-production modules 11 are arranged in an array. Each water-hydrogen co-production module 11 is a photo-wet coupling generator, and the multiple water-hydrogen co-production modules 11 arranged in an array form an integrated photo-wet coupling generator set. The water-hydrogen co-production modules 11 between rows are connected in parallel, and the water-hydrogen co-production modules 11 between each row are connected in series.

[0051] As Figure 2 shown (only one water-hydrogen co-production module 11 is shown in the figure), the water-hydrogen co-production module 11 includes a first metal porous positive electrode 1, an aerogel layer 3, a metal porous negative electrode 2, a porous insulating layer 5, a second metal porous positive electrode 4, a first hydrogel layer 8, a second hydrogel layer 9, and an inert electrode 10 that are sequentially bonded and connected from top to bottom. A photoanode 6 and a photocathode 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first hydrogel layer 8, and the photoanode 6, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the photocathode 7 are sequentially bonded and connected in the same horizontal direction. The photoanode 6 is connected to the oxygen storage module 15 through a gas collection pipeline, and the photocathode 7 is connected to the hydrogen storage module 16 through a gas collection pipeline. The first metal porous positive electrode 1, the metal porous negative electrode 2, the second metal porous positive electrode 4, the inert electrode 10, the photoanode 6, and the photocathode 7 are respectively connected to the electricity storage module 14 through a transmission circuit.

[0052] Each hydropower and hydrogen co-production module 11 functions as a photo-wet coupling generator and includes three groups of electrodes. From top to bottom, they are the streaming potential electrode pair, the photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair, and the humidity electrode pair. The streaming potential electrode pair consists of an upper and a lower first metal porous anodic electrode 1 and a metal porous cathodic electrode 2. The first metal porous anodic electrode 1, the aerogel layer 3, and the metal porous cathodic electrode 2 achieve streaming potential power generation. The photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair is composed of a photoanode 6 and a photocathode 7 in the horizontal direction. The photoanode 6, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the photocathode 7 achieve photocatalytic water splitting power generation. The humidity electrode pair consists of an upper second metal porous anodic electrode 4 and a lower inert electrode 10. The second metal porous anodic electrode 4, the first hydrogel layer 8, the second hydrogel layer 9, and the inert electrode 10 achieve humidity power generation. A porous insulating layer 5 is provided between the metal porous cathodic electrode 2 on the lower side of the streaming potential electrode pair and the second metal porous anodic electrode 4 on the upper side of the humidity electrode pair. The photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair is connected to a gas delivery pipeline; the streaming potential electrode pair, the photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair, and the humidity electrode pair are each connected to a transmission circuit and a switch. Each photo-wet coupling generator includes three layers of gel materials. From top to bottom, they are the aerogel layer 3 obtained by directional freezing, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9.

[0053] Specifically, the first metal porous anodic electrode 1, the metal porous cathodic electrode 2, and the second metal porous anodic electrode 4 are all metal porous electrodes. The metal porous electrode material is preferably one of gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, silver, and alloy materials. Its porous structure is one or more of circular holes, square holes, and polygonal holes. The first metal porous anodic electrode 1 and the metal porous cathodic electrode 2 are both in close contact with the aerogel layer 3, and the second metal porous anodic electrode 4 is in close contact with the first hydrogel layer 8.

[0054] Specifically, the aerogel layer 3 is an aerogel composite material, preferably one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic salts, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The first hydrogel layer 8 and the second hydrogel layer 9 are both hydrogel composite materials, preferably one or more of cellulose and its derivatives, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic salts, and cross-linking agents. Among them, the first hydrogel layer 8 is set as a strongly hygroscopic hydrogel layer, and the second hydrogel layer 9 is set as a weakly hygroscopic hydrogel layer.

[0055] Specifically, the material of the porous insulating layer 5 is preferably one of polyimide, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The porous insulating layer 5 is in close contact with the metal porous cathodic electrode 2 and the second metal porous anodic electrode 4 in the upper and lower layers.

[0056] Specifically, the material of the photoanode 6 is preferably one or more of titanium dioxide, bismuth vanadate, hematite, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nitride / tungsten trioxide, and iron oxyhydroxide. The material of the photocathode 7 is preferably one or more of platinum, rhodium-doped strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, copper oxide, and iron oxyhydroxide. The photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7 are respectively closely attached to both sides of the first hydrogel layer 8.

[0057] Specifically, the material of the inert electrode 10 is preferably one of graphite and carbon-based materials, and the inert electrode 10 is closely attached to the second hydrogel layer 9.

[0058] Specifically, the gas pipeline material near the photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7 is preferably one of light-transmitting materials such as quartz glass, ultraviolet-transmitting glass, and borosilicate glass.

[0059] The cellulose-based all-weather photo-wet coupling-driven water-hydrogen co-production system provided by the present invention only needs natural light and moisture input to realize functions such as air water extraction, photo-wet coupling power generation, and in-situ hydrogen production by decomposing atmospheric moisture. The operation modes of this system are as follows:

[0060] Air water extraction mode:

[0061] The hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module 11 is connected to the external atmospheric environment. The aerogel layer 3, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9 therein continuously adsorb moisture in the air through the first metal porous anodic electrode 1 above. The adsorbed moisture diffuses and is stored downward through the aerogel layer 3, the metal porous cathodic electrode 2, the porous insulating layer 5, the second metal porous anodic electrode 4, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9. The moisture adsorption process can be carried out all-weather. Since the temperature is lower and the humidity is higher at night, it has a better adsorption effect and is the main moisture absorption process. During the day, with sufficient sunlight and rising temperature, when it reaches the moisture desorption temperature, the moisture adsorbed by the components of the aerogel layer 3, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9 in the hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module 11 desorbs. The evaporated high-temperature and high-humidity gas condenses when it encounters the relatively low-temperature condensing plate 12, and the formed liquid water droplets flow along the inclined condensing plate 12 to the water storage module 13 to complete the task of atmospheric water collection.

[0062] Photo-wet coupling power generation mode:

[0063] The hydroelectric-hydrogen co-production module 11 couples the following three power generation mechanisms through photo-wet coupling drive and hierarchical structure design:

[0064] Streaming potential power generation is realized by the first metal porous anodic electrode 1 - aerogel layer 3 - metal porous cathodic electrode 2:

[0065] Similar to certain ion channels on the cell membrane, when the aerogel layer 3 with nano transport channels is exposed to a humid air stream, there is water condensation (including hydrophilic absorption) on the high-humidity air inlet side and water evaporation (including aerosol molecule diffusion) on the low-humidity air outlet side. The moisture penetrates into the three-dimensional nano-network of the aerogel layer 3 by capillary action and is adsorbed by the aerogel layer 3 in the form of bound water and free water. Groups such as carboxyl groups on the fiber surface of the aerogel layer 3 dissociate, and then an electric double layer is formed on the fiber surface. The nano-confinement effect promotes the preferential migration of cations (such as )along the humidity gradient direction from the high-humidity side to the low-humidity side, while anions are partially retained in the high-curvature pores due to the steric hindrance effect. The resulting spatial separation of charges forms a streaming potential. It should be noted that the high-humidity side and the low-humidity side of the aerogel layer 3 are not fixed. When adsorbing water from the air, the high-humidity side is located on the upper side of the aerogel layer 3, and the low-humidity side is located on the lower side of the aerogel layer 3; when the water in the aerogel layer 3 is evaporated and dissociated, the high-humidity side is located on the lower side of the aerogel layer 3, and the low-humidity side is located on the upper side of the aerogel layer 3. The energy conversion efficiency of this process is jointly regulated by the specific surface area, pore size distribution, and surface Zeta potential of the aerogel layer 3. Specifically, the aerogel layer 3 adsorbs water molecules in the air through hydrophilic components, and the adsorbed water undergoes a phase change, resulting in the dissociation of oxygen-containing functional groups. Negative charges are left on the surface of the aerogel layer 3 due to the dissociation of oxygen-containing functional groups, forming the first electric layer, also known as the compact layer; the dissociated cations (such as )are attracted by the surface charges and form an ion cloud opposite to the surface charges. Due to the thermal motion of ions, the cation concentration gradually decreases with the increase in distance from the surface, forming a second electric layer with a diffusion distribution, also known as the diffusion layer. The surface charges of the aerogel layer 3 and the surrounding cation layer form an electric double layer. The shear motion of the diffusion layer caused by the flow of ionic water in the nano transport channels of the aerogel layer 3 causes the free charge particles (counterions) in the surface electric double layer to move with the moisture to the low-humidity side, resulting in the accumulation of charges on the low-humidity side. Thus, a potential is formed between the two sides with humidity differences, generating a streaming potential. By connecting an external circuit to form a loop, electron migration is achieved to obtain electricity.

[0066] Humidity power generation is achieved by the second metal porous positive electrode 4 – the first hydrogel layer 8 – the second hydrogel layer 9 - the inert electrode 10;

[0067] After the upper side of the aerogel layer 3 absorbs moisture, water molecules and cations diffuse from top to bottom (from high concentration to low concentration), forming a humidity gradient and an ion concentration gradient in the direction from the upper side of the first hydrogel layer 8 to the lower side of the second hydrogel layer 9, generating a diffusion potential and current. The moisture is adsorbed by the hydrophilic functional groups in the strongly hygroscopic first hydrogel layer 8 (such as -OH, -COOH, and ), the difference in chemical potential can be used as an intrinsic excitation to make the water molecules absorbed from the air undergo a phase change on the surface of the first hydrogel layer 8, from gaseous water to liquid water, and the oxygen-containing functional groups dissociate, thereby causing a cation gradient and driving the diffusion process (cations move in the direction of water diffusion), forming a loop in the external circuit to achieve electron migration to obtain electricity. For hygroscopic gels composed of isotropic functional materials, when water is adsorbed on one side of the hygroscopic gel, the diffusion of protons is achieved through the water difference along the thickness direction. In order to maintain the humidity gradient for a long time to achieve a more ideal power generation effect, an asymmetric hygroscopic structure (such as gradient distribution of the same functional groups, layered composite of different materials, etc.) can be introduced, and an additional ion concentration gradient is artificially introduced by adjusting the chemical composition; the diffusion direction can also be constructed by directional freezing and other methods to accelerate the diffusion of protons and increase the potential difference.

[0068] Photocatalytic water splitting and power generation are achieved under light by the photoanode 6 - first hydrogel layer 8 - photocathode 7, also known as in-situ atmospheric water splitting:

[0069] The hydrophilic groups of the aerogel layer 3 and the first hydrogel layer 8 drive the spontaneous adsorption of ambient water through the osmotic pressure gradient and transport it to the photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7 through the graded channels; the light absorption characteristics of the semiconductor material are used to generate electrons e - -Hole + Yes, the three-dimensional cross-linked network of the first hydrogel layer 8 constructs a nano-transmission channel for the migration of electrons, ions and water through π-π conjugation or chemical bonding to connect the photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7 (for example, the work function of Pt is 5.6 eV, which is higher than the conduction band of TiO2 -4.2 eV, forming a Schottky barrier, driving the photogenerated electrons generated by ultraviolet light (high-energy photons) to quickly transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the Pt surface), e - Transferred to the photocathode 7, a reduction reaction occurs to convert H + Reduction to H2, H + The oxidation reaction that occurs at the photoanode 6 oxidizes H2O or -OH into O2, and a loop is formed by connecting to an external circuit to generate photoelectric voltage and current, thereby completing photocatalytic water decomposition and power generation.

[0070] The flow potential power generation can operate around the clock; the humidity power generation works at night and when there is no light through switch control, and the switch is turned off when there is light; the photocatalytic water decomposition power generation works when there is light. The above three pairs of electrodes are connected to the power storage module 14 through the transmission circuit for electrical energy storage.

[0071] In-situ hydrogen production mode by decomposing atmospheric moisture:

[0072] The first hydrogel layer 8 captures moisture from the ambient humid air and transfers the collected moisture to the surfaces of the photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7. After being irradiated by sunlight, in-situ atmospheric water splitting is achieved by the photoanode 6 - the first hydrogel layer 8 - the photocathode 7. The photoanode 6 causes the moisture to undergo an oxidation reaction under light irradiation to generate oxygen, and the photocathode 7 causes the moisture to undergo a reduction reaction under light irradiation to generate hydrogen. The photoanode 6 transmits the gas to the oxygen storage module 15 through a gas delivery pipeline, and the photocathode 7 transmits the gas to the hydrogen storage module 16 through a gas delivery pipeline. At the same time, the first hydrogel layer 8 serves as an electrolyte to generate a photocurrent between the photoanode 6 and the photocathode 7, which can be transmitted to the electricity storage module 14 through a transmission circuit for storage. As the water decomposes, the water content in the aerogel layer 3, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9 decreases, enabling them to continue adsorbing water molecules from the air, which is conducive to the continuous and stable progress of the three tasks of water extraction from air, power generation, and hydrogen production.

[0073] In the air water extraction mode, the moisture evaporates upward, and the humidity gradient is inverted. The upper side of the aerogel layer 3 becomes the low-humidity side, consuming the moisture in the aerogel layer 3, the first hydrogel layer 8, and the second hydrogel layer 9. The above-mentioned gel layers are also consumed during photocatalytic water splitting for power generation, causing the above-mentioned gel layers to recover from the saturated water absorption state to the low water content state, thus restoring the moisture adsorption capacity and humidity power generation function, enabling the co-production system to be recycled.

[0074] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0075] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. An all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydropower and hydrogen co-production system, characterized in that It includes a hydropower-hydrogen co-production module (11), a condensation plate (12), a water storage module (13), an electricity storage module (14), an oxygen storage module (15), and a hydrogen storage module (16); The hydropower-hydrogen co-production module (11) is connected to the electricity storage module (14) through a transmission circuit, and the hydropower-hydrogen co-production module (11) is respectively connected to the oxygen storage module (15) and the hydrogen storage module (16) through a gas delivery pipeline; The condensation plate (12) is inclined and arranged above the hydropower-hydrogen co-production module (11), and the end of the condensation plate (12) is connected to the water storage module (13); The hydropower-hydrogen co-production module (11) includes a first metal porous positive electrode (1), an aerogel layer (3), a metal porous negative electrode (2), a porous insulating layer (5), a second metal porous positive electrode (4), a first hydrogel layer (8), a second hydrogel layer (9), and an inert electrode (10) which are sequentially and fittingly connected from top to bottom; On both sides of the first hydrogel layer (8), a photoanode (6) and a photocathode (7) are respectively arranged, and the photoanode (6), the first hydrogel layer (8), and the photocathode (7) are sequentially and fittingly connected in the same horizontal direction; The photoanode (6) is connected to the oxygen storage module (15) through a gas collection pipeline, and the photocathode (7) is connected to the hydrogen storage module (16) through a gas collection pipeline; The first metal porous positive electrode (1), the metal porous negative electrode (2), the second metal porous positive electrode (4), the inert electrode (10), the photoanode (6), and the photocathode (7) are respectively connected to the electricity storage module (14) through a transmission circuit; The first hydrogel layer (8) is a strongly hygroscopic hydrogel layer, and the second hydrogel layer (9) is a weakly hygroscopic hydrogel layer.

2. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydroelectricity, hydrogen co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first metal porous positive electrode (1) and the metal porous negative electrode (2) form a streaming potential electrode pair; The aerogel layer (3) adsorbs water on the high humidity side, and the adsorbed water and the aerogel layer (3) dissociate to form cations, and the cations move from the high humidity side of the aerogel layer (3) to the low humidity side of the aerogel layer (3); The first metal porous positive electrode (1), the aerogel layer (3), and the metal porous negative electrode (2) achieve streaming potential power generation.

3. The all-weather light and humidity coupled driven hydropower, hydrogen production and co-generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second metal porous positive electrode (4) and the inert electrode (10) form a humidity electrode pair; The first hydrogel layer (8) and the second hydrogel layer (9) adsorb water in the air and water in the aerogel layer (3), and a humidity gradient and a cation concentration gradient are formed from the upper side of the first hydrogel layer (8) to the lower side of the second hydrogel layer (9); The second metal porous positive electrode (4), the first hydrogel layer (8), the second hydrogel layer (9), and the inert electrode (10) achieve humidity power generation.

4. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydroelectricity, hydrogen co-production system according to claim 1, wherein, The photoanode (6) and the photocathode (7) form a photocatalytic water splitting electrode pair; The first hydrogel layer (8) is respectively connected to the photoanode (6) and the photocathode (7) through the nano transmission channels of the first hydrogel layer (8), the photoanode (6) undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate oxygen, and the photocathode (7) undergoes a reduction reaction to produce hydrogen; The photoanode (6), the first hydrogel layer (8), and the photocathode (7) achieve photocatalytic water splitting for power generation.

5. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydropower, hydrogen production and co-generation system according to claim 1, wherein The water-hydrogen co-production module (11) includes a plurality of them, and the plurality of water-hydrogen co-production modules (11) are arranged in an array.

6. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydroelectricity, hydrogen co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerogel layer (3) is an aerogel composite material, using regenerated cellulose as the basic material.

7. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydroelectricity, hydrogen co-production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first hydrogel layer (8) and the second hydrogel layer (9) are hydrogel composite materials, using regenerated cellulose as the basic material.

8. The all-weather optical and humidity coupled driven hydropower, hydrogen production and co-generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that The photoanode (6) material includes one or more of titanium dioxide, bismuth vanadate, hematite, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nitride / tungsten trioxide, and iron oxyhydroxide.

9. The all-weather light and humidity coupled drive hydropower, hydrogen production combined system according to claim 1, characterized in that The photocathode (7) material includes one or more of platinum, rhodium-doped strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, copper oxide, and iron oxyhydroxide.

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