Garbage incinerator

Abstract

The garbage incinerator comprises a garbage feeding hopper, an incineration chamber and a slag pit, a plurality of fixed fire grates and sliding fire grate assemblies are arranged in the incineration chamber, the fixed fire grates are in a step shape, and the sliding fire grate assemblies are arranged in the incineration chamber. The sliding fire grate assembly comprises a base connected with two adjacent fixed fire grates and a sliding fire grate which is pushed to move back and forth on the base through a sliding push rod, loosening and turning of garbage are achieved, the garbage is pushed to the next fixed fire grate, and efficient incineration of the garbage is achieved. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, large garbage treatment capacity, high combustion efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent mainly relates to the technical field of waste combustion, specifically referring to a waste incinerator. Background Art

[0002] Waste is a pollutant generated along with human production activities. A large amount of waste is extremely harmful to the environment, mainly manifested as occupying land, polluting the atmosphere, soil and water bodies, and the resulting harm is difficult to recover. The existing urban domestic waste treatment requires a large amount of funds. At present, there are various structures of incinerators used in solving urban domestic waste. The reciprocating grate incinerator is widely used in engineering. However, at present, due to the complex structure of the grate, the overall investment cost is high, the number of moving grates is large, it is easy to wear during operation, and the maintenance rate is high. Moreover, the problems of garbage piling up in groups, uneven heating, and low thermal efficiency during garbage incineration in the existing technology have not been well solved. How to effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the waste incinerator, increase the power generation per ton of waste, and reduce the system maintenance cost is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

[0003] Content of the Invention Patent In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention patent provides a waste incinerator with simple structure, low cost, large waste treatment capacity, and high combustion efficiency.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this invention patent adopts the following technical solutions: A waste incinerator includes a waste feeding hopper, an incineration chamber, and a slag pit. A plurality of fixed grates and a sliding grate assembly are provided in the incineration chamber. The fixed grates are in a stepped shape. The sliding grate assembly is provided with a sliding grate, a sliding push rod, and a base connecting two adjacent fixed grates. The sliding push rod realizes the loosening and stirring of the waste by moving the sliding grate back and forth on the base, and pushes the waste to the next-level fixed grate to achieve efficient incineration of the waste.

[0005] As a further improvement of this invention patent: A plurality of first air holes are provided on the sliding grate, and the compressed air introduced into the inner cavity of the sliding push rod can be ejected through the first air holes.

[0006] As a further improvement of this invention patent: The sliding grate assembly further includes a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the sliding push rod and the sliding grate to move in any one of the upward pulling type, downward pushing type, and base bottom pushing type.

[0007] As a further improvement of this invention patent: The sliding grate is any one of a cuboid shape, a trapezoid shape, an arc shovel shape, and a cube shape.

[0008] As a further improvement of this invention patent: A plurality of first cooling pipes are arranged on the inner wall of the fixed grate.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: A plurality of second cooling pipes are arranged on the inner wall of the sliding grate assembly.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: At least one or more first air boxes are provided on the fixed grate, and a plurality of second air blowing holes are also formed on the outer wall of the fixed grate. External compressed air enters the first air box through the first ventilation hole and is ejected through the second air blowing holes into the incineration chamber.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: The sliding grate assembly is provided with one or more second air boxes. External compressed air enters the second air box through the second ventilation hole and is ejected through the third air blowing holes into the incineration chamber.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: The included angle between the adjacent fixed grate and the sliding grate assembly is 90° - 170°.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: A pusher assembly is provided near the garbage feed hopper.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: A slag pusher assembly is provided near the slag pit. The slag pusher assembly reciprocates in the horizontal direction to push the burned furnace slag into the slag pit.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention patent: The incineration chamber is also provided with a flue gas discharge port.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention patent are as follows: 1. The waste incinerator of the present invention has a simple overall structure. The fixed grates are arranged in a stepped shape. The sliding grate assembly is arranged at intervals with the fixed grates and adjacent two fixed grates are connected by a base. In the initial stage of waste dropping, the waste is pushed from the feeding hopper to the fixed grates by the pusher assembly and gradually accumulates on the sliding grate assembly. When the waste accumulates into a mass on the fixed grates and the sliding grate assembly, the sliding grates on the sliding grate assembly can move back and forth on the base to loosen and turn the waste, which helps the waste to burn fully and can effectively prevent waste bridging. The stepped fixed grates and the sliding grate assembly construct an independently controllable combustion space. Compared with the traditional grate structure, it effectively extends the residence time of the waste in the high-temperature area; it is especially suitable for the combustion treatment of high-calorific value solid waste that needs to burn for a longer time; through the reciprocating movement of the sliding grates on the sliding grate assembly, the waste at the end of the previous fixed grate can also be pushed to the next fixed grate. During the pushing process, voids are formed. Under the action of the grate slope and gravity, the waste on the fixed grates gradually moves downward or tumbles, avoiding the problem of incomplete combustion caused by waste accumulation, improving the thermal efficiency of waste combustion, increasing the power generation per ton of waste, and reducing the system maintenance cost.

[0017] 2. In the waste incinerator of the present invention, first air holes are provided on the sliding grates. Compressed air from the outside can enter the sliding grates through the inner cavity of the sliding push rod and then strongly jet out from the first air holes. The high-pressure air flow can effectively treat the waste accumulated in the dead corners of the incinerator, blow, disperse, and even turn the waste. Through the design of the air holes, the waste can move down step by step between the grates and be fully and evenly turned, ensuring that the waste burns more fully during the incineration process and greatly improving the efficiency and quality of waste incineration.

[0018] 3. Compared with the traditional reciprocating grates, the waste incinerator of the present invention can arrange the first cooling pipes more closely on the inner wall of the fixed grates and arrange multiple second cooling pipes on the inner wall of the sliding grate assembly, thus greatly enhancing the cooling effect. At the same time, due to the seamless grates, less ash will fall onto the surface of the cooling pipes, reducing the maintenance work of the cooling pipes. By maintaining the temperature uniformity of the grates, the phenomenon of "coking" or "bridging" of the waste caused by local overheating is avoided, making the drying, pyrolysis, and combustion stages of the waste on the grates more coherent; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the waste incinerator of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding push rod and the sliding grates of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a state diagram when the sliding push rod assembly of the present invention moves in a downward pushing manner.

[0021] Figure 4 This is the state diagram when the sliding push rod assembly of the present invention moves in a base bottom-pushing manner.

[0022] Figure 5 This is the state diagram when the sliding push rod assembly of the present invention moves in an upward-pulling manner.

[0023] Figure 6 This is the schematic structural diagram of the fixed grate arranged with cooling pipes of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is the schematic structural diagram of the sliding grate assembly structure and the arrangement of cooling pipes of the present invention.

[0025] Legend: 1. Feed hopper; 2. Incineration chamber; 3. Ash pit; 4. Fixed grate; 41. Second air blowing hole; 5. Sliding grate assembly; 51. Sliding grate; 52. Sliding push rod; 53. Base; 54. Third air blowing hole; 511. First air blowing hole; 7. Pushing component; 8. Slag pushing component; 9. Flue gas discharge port; 10. First cooling pipe; 11. First ventilation hole; 12. First air box; 13. Second air box; 14. Second ventilation hole; 15. Second cooling pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The following further describes the present invention patent in combination with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific preferred embodiments, but does not limit the protection scope of the present invention patent thereby.

[0027] In the description of the present invention patent, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "side part", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention patent and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention patent.

[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention patent, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0029] The present invention patent will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific embodiments.

[0030] Embodiment 1 As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, this embodiment provides a waste incinerator, which includes a waste feed hopper 1, an incineration chamber 2, and a slag pit 3. A plurality of fixed grates 4 and a sliding grate assembly 5 are provided in the incineration chamber 2. The fixed grates 4 are in a stepped shape. The sliding grate assembly 5 is provided with a sliding grate 51, a sliding push rod 52, and a base 53 connecting two adjacent fixed grates 4. The sliding push rod 52 pushes the sliding grate 51 to move back and forth on the base 53 to loosen and stir the waste, and pushes the waste to the next-level fixed grate 4 to achieve the step-by-step incineration of the waste.

[0031] The waste incinerator in this embodiment has a simple overall structure. The fixed grates 4 are arranged in a stepped shape. The sliding grate assembly 5 is arranged at intervals with the fixed grates 4 and connects two adjacent fixed grates 4 through the base 53. In the initial stage of waste dropping, the waste is pushed from the feed hopper 1 to the fixed grates 4 by the pushing assembly 7 and gradually fills up on the sliding grate assembly 5. When the waste accumulates into a mass on the fixed grates 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5, the sliding grate 51 on the sliding grate assembly 5 can move back and forth on the base 53 to loosen and turn the waste, which helps the waste to burn fully and can effectively prevent waste bridging. The stepped arrangement of the fixed grates 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5 constructs an independently controllable combustion space. Compared with the traditional grate structure, it effectively prolongs the residence time of the waste in the high-temperature area; it is especially suitable for the combustion treatment of high-calorific solid waste that needs to burn for a longer time; through the reciprocating movement of the sliding grate 51 on the sliding grate assembly 5, the waste at the end of the previous fixed grate 4 can also be pushed to the next fixed grate 4. During the pushing process, voids are formed. The waste on the fixed grates 4 gradually moves downward or tumbles under the action of the grate slope and gravity, avoiding the problem of incomplete combustion caused by waste accumulation, improving the combustion thermal efficiency of the waste, increasing the power generation per ton of waste, and reducing the system maintenance cost.

[0032] In this embodiment, the reciprocating grate assembly 5 further includes a driving mechanism, which drives the reciprocating push rod 52 and the reciprocating grate 51 to move back and forth, continuously pushing the garbage that has fallen and accumulated on the fixed grate 4 and the reciprocating grate assembly 5 for combustion; a plurality of first air blowing holes 511 are provided on the reciprocating grate 51, and the first air blowing holes 511 communicate with the inner cavity of the reciprocating push rod 52, and the compressed air introduced into the inner cavity of the reciprocating push rod 52 is ejected through the first air blowing holes 511 to prevent garbage from accumulating in dead corners. The external compressed air can pass through the inner cavity of the reciprocating push rod 52 and then be strongly ejected from the first air blowing holes 511. The high-pressure air flow can effectively process the garbage accumulated in the dead corners of the incinerator, and can blow, disperse, and even turn over the garbage. Through the design of the first air blowing holes 511, the loosening effect of the garbage between the grates can be enhanced, ensuring that the garbage burns more fully during the incineration process, and improving the efficiency and quality of garbage incineration.

[0033] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, in this embodiment, the way the driving mechanism drives the reciprocating push rod 52 and the reciprocating grate 51 to move can be any one of the upward pulling type, the downward pushing type, and the base bottom pushing type. The upward pulling type means that the driving mechanism is placed above the reciprocating grate assembly 5, and drives the reciprocating push rod 52 to pull the reciprocating grate 51 from bottom to top; the bottom pushing type means that the driving mechanism is placed below the reciprocating grate assembly 5, and drives the reciprocating push rod 52 to drive the reciprocating grate 51 to slide from bottom to top; the base bottom pushing type means that the driving mechanism is placed on the bottom surface of the base of the reciprocating grate assembly 5, and drives the reciprocating push rod 52 to drive the reciprocating grate 51 to slide up and down.

[0034] In this embodiment, the reciprocating grate 51 can be any one of a cuboid shape, a trapezoid shape, an arc shovel shape, and a cube shape.

[0035] As Figures 6 to 7 shown, in this embodiment, a plurality of first cooling pipes 10 are arranged on the inner wall of the fixed grate 4, at least one or more first air boxes 12 are provided on the fixed grate 4, and a plurality of second air blowing holes 41 are also opened on the outer wall of the fixed grate 4. The external compressed air enters the first air box 12 through the first air vent 11 and is ejected into the incineration chamber 2 through the second air blowing holes 41. The reciprocating grate assembly 5 is provided with one or more second air boxes 13, and the external compressed air enters the second air boxes 13 through the second air vents 14 and is ejected from the third air blowing holes 54. Stir the garbage by blowing air and provide oxygen for garbage incineration, which helps the garbage to burn fully and improves the garbage combustion efficiency.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first cooling pipe 10 is closely attached to the inner wall of the fixed grate 4. By introducing a cooling medium into the first cooling pipe 10, rapid cooling of the grate can be achieved, which is applicable to solid waste with a relatively high combustion temperature. The arrangement of the first cooling pipe 10 can prevent the grate metal from deforming or melting due to overheating, effectively extending the service life of the grate. By maintaining the temperature uniformity of the grate, the first cooling pipe 10 can avoid the phenomena of "coking" or "bridging" of the waste caused by local overheating, making the drying, pyrolysis, and combustion stages of the waste on the grate more continuous. Moreover, the heat absorbed by the cooling water can be used to preheat the combustion-supporting air or boiler feed water, realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat.

[0037] In this embodiment, the included angle between the adjacent fixed grate 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5 is 90° - 170°, and the included angle between the fixed grate 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5 can be adjusted according to the actual use situation.

[0038] In this embodiment, a pusher assembly 7 is provided near the waste hopper 1. The pusher assembly 7 can timely push the waste into the incineration chamber 2, preventing the waste from accumulating at the hopper 1.

[0039] In this embodiment, a slag pusher assembly 8 is provided near the slag pit 3. The slag pusher assembly 8 reciprocates horizontally to push the burned furnace slag into the slag pit 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the incineration chamber 2 is further provided with a flue gas discharge port 9. The high-temperature flue gas containing combustible gas can be sent into the secondary combustion chamber through the flue gas discharge port 9 for secondary combustion to generate electricity or be purified and used as fuel, etc., which can effectively reduce the residual substances in the flue gas and is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0041] In this embodiment, a plurality of second cooling pipes 15 are arranged on the inner wall of the sliding grate assembly 5. During the combustion process of solid waste, the cooling water continuously flows in the first cooling pipe 10 and the second cooling pipe 15 to control the temperature of the grate. The first air box 12 and the second air box 13 are connected to an external air source, and compressed air is blown into the incineration chamber 2 through the second air holes 41 on the fixed grate 4 and the first air holes 511 on the sliding grate assembly 5 to stir the waste in a gas-blowing manner, realizing the efficient incineration of the waste. Working principle: When the garbage enters the incineration chamber 2 from the garbage hopper 1, the pusher assembly 7 causes the garbage to fall onto the stepped fixed grate 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5. In the initial stage of garbage falling, the garbage is pushed from the hopper 1 to the fixed grate 4 by the pusher assembly 7 and is gradually stacked piece by piece on the sliding grate assembly 5. When the garbage accumulates into a mass on the fixed grate 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5, the sliding grate 51 on the sliding grate assembly 5 can move back and forth to loosen and turn over the garbage, which helps the garbage to burn fully and can effectively prevent garbage bridging. The stepped fixed grate 4 and the sliding grate assembly 5 construct an independently controllable combustion space. Compared with the traditional grate structure, it effectively extends the residence time of the garbage in the high-temperature area; it is especially suitable for the combustion treatment of high-calorific solid waste garbage that needs to burn for a longer time; through the reciprocating movement of the sliding grate 51 on the sliding grate assembly 5, the garbage at the end of the previous fixed grate 4 can also be pushed onto the next fixed grate 4. During the pushing process, voids are formed. Under the action of the grate slope and gravity, the garbage on the fixed grate 4 gradually moves downward or tumbles, avoiding the problem of incomplete combustion caused by garbage accumulation, improving the combustion thermal efficiency of the garbage, increasing the power generation per ton of garbage, and reducing the system maintenance cost.

[0042] Embodiment 2 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the base 53 connecting the two fixed grates 4 can move up and down. In the initial stage of garbage falling, the position of the base 53 is lower than the two adjacent fixed grates 4. When the garbage accumulates into a mass, the base 53 can move upward, and during the upward movement of the base 53, the accumulated garbage is loosened and voids are formed, which helps the garbage to burn fully and can effectively prevent garbage bridging.

[0043] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this invention patent. The protection scope of this invention patent is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of this invention patent belong to the protection scope of this invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of this invention patent should be regarded as within the protection scope of this invention patent.

Claims

1. A garbage incinerator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a garbage feeding hopper (1), an incineration chamber (2) and a slag pit (3), wherein a plurality of fixed grates (4) and a sliding grate assembly (5) are arranged in the incineration chamber (2), wherein the fixed grate (4) is in a stepped shape, and the sliding grate assembly (5) is provided with a sliding grate (51) and a sliding push rod (52), and a base (53) connecting two adjacent fixed grates (4), wherein the sliding push rod (52) pushes the sliding grate (51) to move back and forth on the base (53) to loosen and stir the garbage, and pushes the garbage to move to the next fixed grate (4), so as to achieve efficient incineration of the garbage.

2. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding grate (51) is provided with a plurality of first air blowing holes (511), and the compressed air introduced into the inner cavity of the sliding push rod (52) is ejected through the first air blowing holes (511).

3. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding grate assembly (5) further comprises a driving mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism drives the sliding push rod (52) and the sliding grate (51) to move in any one of an upward pull type, a downward push type, and a base bottom push type.

4. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding grate (51) is in any one of a rectangular parallelepiped, a trapezoidal, an arc-shovel-shaped, and a cube-shaped shape.

5. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of first cooling pipes (10) are arranged on the inner wall of the fixed grate (4).

6. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of second cooling pipes (15) are arranged on the inner wall of the sliding grate assembly (5).

7. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: At least one first wind box (12) is provided on the fixed grate (4), and a plurality of second air blowing holes (41) are also provided on the outer wall of the fixed grate (4). External compressed air enters the first wind box (12) through the first air holes (11) and is ejected through the second air blowing holes (41) into the combustion chamber (2).

8. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The sliding grate assembly (5) is provided with one or more second wind boxes (13), and external compressed air enters the second wind box (13) through the second air vent (14) and is ejected through the third air blowing hole (54) into the combustion chamber (2).

9. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The included angle between adjacent fixed grate (4) and sliding grate assemblies (5) is 90° to 170°.

10. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A material pushing assembly (7) is provided near the garbage inlet hopper (1).

11. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A slag pushing assembly (8) is provided near the slag pit (3), and the slag pushing assembly (8) reciprocates in a horizontal direction to push the burned slag into the slag pit (3).

12. The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The incineration chamber (2) is also provided with a smoke exhaust port (9).

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