Physical simulation experiment device and method for strike-slip fracture formation

Abstract

The invention discloses a physical simulation experiment device and method for strike-slip fracture formation. The device comprises a bottom plate and a mounting plate, the device further comprises a first template, a telescopic plate, a first elastic piece, a second template, a side baffle, a pressure sensor, a wedge-shaped assembly, an image detection device, a pressurizing part and a pushing and sliding part. A concave cavity is formed in the first template; a convex structure is arranged on the second template; the pressure sensor is used for being installed in the concave cavity. The wedge-shaped assembly is used for being inserted into the concave cavity; the image detection device is used for collecting sample soil change image information in the concave cavity; the pressurizing part is used for vertically pressurizing the first template; and the pushing and sliding part is used for transversely pressurizing the first template. The device can directly prepare the sample soil forming block, and the finished sample soil forming block can be directly used for a physical simulation experiment formed by strike-slip fracture, so that the extrusion force on the sample forming block is more similar to the stress condition of sample soil in a real soil layer, and the accuracy of the experiment can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological structure simulation, and in particular to a physical simulation experimental device and method for strike-slip fault formation. Background Art

[0002] The strike-slip fault zone is a complex tectonic system that reflects the combination of deformations produced under shear. From a geometric point of view, both single strike-slip faults and discontinuous multi-segment fault combinations exist. In a discontinuous segmented combined fault zone, multiple shear faults are arranged in certain rows and steps to form a discontinuous fault zone. Discontinuous secondary shear faults, tensile or compression step zone deformation, tensile extension and compression deformation at the tail end of the fault zone, and four-quadrant structures and geomorphic features on both sides of the fault are the overall deformation image of a strike-slip fault zone system. It is both a reflection of the deformation process of a strike-slip fault zone under shear and the result of long-term and repeated deformation. In a strike-slip fault zone, due to the differences in the interaction mode of strike-slip faults, the stress characteristics between different strike-slip faults or different segments of the same strike-slip fault are different, some showing obvious compression or compression-torsion, and some showing obvious tension or tension-torsion.

[0003] The structural physical simulation method has always been a conventional means to study the geometric characteristics and evolution mechanism of strike-slip structures. The structural physical simulation experiment is a major method to reproduce the formation and evolution process of the oil and gas-bearing structural system. It can track the dynamic mechanism of its formation and prove the favorable layers and regions of oil and gas distribution. It has the advantages of being simple, feasible, intuitive and efficient for the study of basin evolution, structural deformation and fault mechanism.

[0004] The essence of controlling the development of cracks is tectonic stress. Faults of different scales, different properties and different combination styles have different properties and intensities of local stress fields derived during their development. Therefore, different geological models can be constructed to simulate the properties and intensities of local stress fields derived from faults of different scales, different properties and different combination styles during their development. Crack prediction can be further carried out using stress field simulation as a means and quantitative models between stress and crack parameters as a link, thereby clarifying the development intensity, range and influencing factors of cracks derived from strike-slip faults.

[0005] Existing strike-slip fault simulation experimental devices, such as a strike-slip fault physical simulation device with application number 2021101751116, or a physical simulation system for the evolution of local stress field of strike-slip fault with application number 2020107705600, all have problems in simulation principles. Both the sample manufacturing process and the way of applying force during simulation are quite different from the mechanical strength of the geological soil layer in the test area and the stress conditions in the soil layer, which leads to the results of the strike-slip fault simulation experiment being of little significance for actual geological inference. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a physical simulation experimental device and method for the formation of strike-slip faults.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is to construct a physical simulation experimental device for the formation of strike-slip faults, including a bottom plate and a mounting plate; the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate; the physical simulation experimental device for the formation of strike-slip faults further includes a first template, a telescopic plate, a first elastic member, a second template, side baffles, a pressure sensor, a wedge-shaped assembly, an image detection device, a pressurizing component, and a pushing and sliding component; a concave cavity is provided on the first template; the second template is connected to the mounting plate, and a convex structure is provided on the second template, and the convex structure is arranged opposite to the concave cavity; side baffles are provided on both sides of the first template; the first template, the second template, and the side baffles jointly enclose a cavity, and the inner cavity of the cavity is used for filling sample soil;

[0008] Sliding grooves are provided on one side of both ends of the first template facing the second template, one end of the telescopic plate extends into the sliding groove, and the other end of the telescopic plate is connected to the second template; the first elastic member is provided between the telescopic plate and the bottom of the sliding groove;

[0009] The side baffle is provided with a guiding groove, the opening of the guiding groove faces the connecting plate of the first template, the connecting plate is slidably connected to the guiding groove through a guiding column, and a second elastic member is provided between the end of the side baffle and the connecting plate;

[0010] The pressure sensor is used to be installed in the concave cavity; the wedge-shaped assembly is used to be inserted into the concave cavity; the image detection device is used to collect the image information of the change of the sample soil in the concave cavity;

[0011] The pressurizing component is arranged on one side of the first template away from the second template, and the pressurizing component is used to vertically pressurize the first template; the pushing and sliding component is arranged on any side of the first template, and the pushing and sliding component is used to horizontally pressurize the first template.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pressure component includes a pressure wheel plate, a pressure cylinder and a first swinging element; the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the connecting plate; the pressure wheel plate abuts against the side of the pressure plate away from the connecting plate; the pressure wheel plate is connected to the protruding end of the pressure cylinder, the pressure wheel plate is used to abut against the side of the pressure plate away from the connecting plate, the mounting end of the pressure cylinder is fixedly connected to the first end of the first swinging element; the second end of the first swinging element is mounted on the bottom plate, and the first swinging element is used to drive the pressure wheel plate and the pressure cylinder to change or maintain position so as to vertically pressurize the first template.

[0013] In some embodiments, the push-slide component includes a push pulley plate, a push-slide cylinder and a second swinging element; the push pulley plate is used to abut against one side end face of the first template; the push pulley plate is connected to the protruding end of the push-slide cylinder, and the mounting end of the push-slide cylinder is fixedly connected to the first end of the second swinging element; the second end of the second swinging element is installed on the base plate, and the second swinging element is used to drive the push pulley plate and the push-slide cylinder to change or maintain position so as to apply laterally pressurized the first template.

[0014] In some embodiments, the side baffle is made of a transparent material; a hollow structure is arranged inside the side baffle, and the image detection device includes a camera and a light-emitting panel arranged in the hollow structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least two pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged in the recessed cavity of the first template, the number of the pressure sensors is at least two, and at least two of the pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged and respectively arranged near the arc of the recessed cavity.

[0016] In some embodiments, a wedge-shaped narrow groove is provided on the first template, and the wedge-shaped narrow groove passes through the first template and is connected to the recessed cavity; the wedge-shaped component includes a wedge-shaped piece for being inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove, and the end of the wedge-shaped piece extends into the recessed cavity; the wedge-shaped piece is inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove from the outside of the first template until it extends into the recessed cavity.

[0017] In some embodiments, the wedge piece includes a V-shaped elastic piece; the wedge assembly also includes a wedge insert, the wedge insert includes an inserting portion for inserting into the wedge piece, the thick end of the inserting portion is provided with a mounting portion, and the mounting portion is used to connect the wedge insert to the first template.

[0018] In some embodiments, the extended end of the telescopic plate is tilted toward the center position of the first template.

[0019] In some embodiments, a plurality of vibration components are uniformly arranged on the outer side surface of the first template.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a physical simulation experiment method for the formation of strike-slip faults, which is applicable to the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults described in any of the above embodiments. The physical simulation experiment method for the formation of strike-slip faults includes the following steps:

[0021] S1: Use a hoisting device to invert the first template so that the concave cavity faces upward, install a pressure sensor, a wedge-shaped component, and an image detection device, lay the sample soil in the concave cavity of the first template until the sample soil completely covers the cavity formed by the concave cavity and the side baffle, cover the second template after laying, and then connect and fix the second template to the first template through a connecting member;

[0022] S2: Hoist the second template and the first template onto the mounting plate by a hoisting device, turn the position into a form with the second template below during the hoisting process, and fixedly install the second template on the mounting plate, and then remove the connecting member used to temporarily fix the second template and the first template;

[0023] S3: The pressurizing component presses the first template so that the sample soil laid between the second template and the first template is extruded. During the process, as the sample soil between the second template and the first template is extruded, the telescopic plates at both ends of the first template and the side baffles on both sides of the first template are both extruded by the second template, and then synchronously contract inward, so that the sample soil can be wrapped and extruded into shape; when the sample soil reaches the preset pressure for forming, subsequent pressure holding operation is carried out;

[0024] S4: When the pressure holding operation ends, take out the wedge-shaped component;

[0025] S5: The pushing and sliding component pressurizes the first template to push the first template to be misaligned relative to the second template, and the sample soil formed block is extruded and sheared and fractured;

[0026] S6: The image detection device collects the image information of the process of the fracture of the sample soil formed block, and at the same time the pressure sensor detects the force condition during the strike-slip fracture process of the sample soil formed block;

[0027] S7: Correlate the force condition during the strike-slip fracture process of the sample soil formed block detected by the pressure sensor with the fracture and fragmentation image of the sample soil formed block collected by the image detection device.

[0028] Implementing the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults can directly prepare sample soil forming blocks, and the completed sample soil forming blocks can be directly used for the physical simulation experiment of the formation of strike-slip faults. Furthermore, the first template and the second template used to form the sample soil directly apply extrusion pressure to the sample soil forming blocks. Since the first template and the second template fit more closely to the sample forming blocks, the extrusion pressure received by the sample forming blocks is more similar to the stress condition of the sample soil in the real soil layer. Therefore, it can further accurately simulate the strike-slip fault situation of the geological formation to be measured, improving the accuracy of the physical simulation experiment for the formation of strike-slip faults. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic installation diagram of a pressure sensor in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a right view of a physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a sectional view taken along line A-A of the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults in;

[0034] Figure 5 is Figure 1 a view in the direction of point B of the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults in;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the state of the first template when laying sample soil in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the state of the first template and the second template when preparing for hoisting in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the state of the first template and the second template when installing in some embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "transverse", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation, solely for the convenience of describing the present technical solution, rather than indicating that the indicated devices or elements must have a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0039] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "installed", "connected", "joined", "fixed", "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, the element can be "directly" or "indirectly" located above the other element, or there may also be one or more intermediate elements. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", "third", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are presented for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation in order to thoroughly understand the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that the present invention can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, the detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid unnecessary details from interfering with the description of the present invention.

[0041] At present, the research on the development law of strike-slip fault-derived fractures mainly uses methods such as fieldwork, logging, and numerical simulation, but there are certain limitations. Field measurements cannot directly measure the extension length of fractures inside the formation, and there are certain difficulties in selecting typical outcrops. The range of fractures identified using logging data is limited, and for the seismic data commonly relied on for analyzing strike-slip faults, due to resolution problems, the fracture development zones cannot be accurately identified. Therefore, the current research on the development range and influencing factors of strike-slip fault-derived fractures is relatively weak. The hidden strike-slip displacement is small, the vertical displacement is not developed, and the seismic event offset is not obvious, making it difficult to identify on seismic profiles. In sedimentary basins related to strike-slip faults, the genetic types of sedimentary systems are diverse, the facies belts are narrow, the facies changes are rapid, and the distribution laws are complex, making reservoir prediction very difficult.

[0042] Systematically study the buried fault zone in the Zhu-1 Depression, clarify the comprehensive identification markers, spatial distribution, and spatio-temporal characteristics of the buried fault zone in the Zhu-1 Depression, establish a geometric model for the development of the buried fault zone, expound the dynamic mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution process of the buried fault zone in the Zhu-1 Depression, explore the influence or control of the main buried fault zones on the basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, and hydrocarbon accumulation in the associated sags, guide the selection of potential sags and favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones, which is of great significance for promoting the exploration of new areas in unbroken sags and providing technical support for increasing reserves and production.

[0043] Through the fine simulation of buried (strike-slip) faults, the formation and evolution process of the NW-trending tectonic system are reproduced, and the dynamic genetic mechanism of its formation is traced, which has the advantages of being simple, feasible, intuitive, and efficient for the study of the evolution, tectonic deformation, and fault genetic mechanism of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

[0044] Refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the present invention shows a physical simulation experimental device for the formation of strike-slip faults. This device can directly prepare the soil sample forming block, and the completed soil sample forming block (rock formation forming block) can be directly used for the physical simulation experiment of the formation of strike-slip faults. Furthermore, by using the first template 3 and the second template 6 for forming the soil sample, a squeezing force is directly applied to the soil sample forming block. Since the first template 3 and the second template 6 fit better with the sample forming block, the squeezing force received by the sample forming block is more similar to the stress situation of the soil sample in the real soil layer. Thus, the strike-slip fault situation of the geological formation to be measured can be more accurately simulated, improving the accuracy of the physical simulation experiment for the formation of strike-slip faults.

[0045] In addition, the pressure sensor 34 can detect the stress situation during the strike-slip faulting process of the soil sample forming block, and then correspond to the fracture and fragmentation images of the soil sample forming block collected by the image detection device, realizing a more dynamic and intuitive understanding of the strike-slip fault activity, and providing more accurate data support for the study of the activity of strike-slip faults. In addition, the wedge-shaped component can create fractures.

[0046] Refer to Figures 1 to 8, the physical simulation experimental device for forming the strike-slip fault may include a bottom plate 1 and a mounting plate 2; the mounting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1.

[0047] The physical simulation experimental device for forming the strike-slip fault further includes a first template 3, a telescopic plate 4, a first elastic member 5, a second template 6, side baffles 7, a pressure sensor 34, a wedge-shaped assembly, an image detection device, a pressurizing member 8, and a pushing and sliding member 9.

[0048] The first template 3 is generally in a plate-like structure, and a concave cavity 31 is provided on the first template 3. Preferably, the middle position of the first template 3 is recessed to form the concave cavity 31, and the inner bottom wall and the inner side wall of the concave cavity 31 may be connected by a fillet transition or an arc transition (as Figure 1 shown).

[0049] The second template 6 is connected to the mounting plate 2, and may be detachably connected. A convex structure 61 is provided on the second template 6, and the convex structure 61 is disposed opposite to the concave cavity 31. Preferably, the second template 6 may be generally in a plate-like structure, and the convex structure 61 is provided in the middle of one side surface of the second template 6. The cross-sectional shape of the convex structure 61 may be the same as or similar to the cross-sectional shape of the concave cavity 31, and the two are adapted to each other.

[0050] Furthermore, side baffles 7 are provided on both sides of the first template 3; the first template 3, the second template 6, and the side baffles 7 together enclose a cavity, and the inner cavity of the cavity is used to fill the sample soil 100, and the sample soil 100 may be pre-treated sample soil.

[0051] Sliding grooves 3a are provided on one side of both ends of the first template 3 facing the second template 6. One end of the telescopic plate 4 extends into the sliding grooves 3a, and the other end of the telescopic plate 4 is connected to the second template 6. The other end of the telescopic plate 4 and the second template 6 may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or abutted against each other (in contact); a first elastic member 5 is provided between the telescopic plate 4 and the bottom of the sliding grooves 3a. The first elastic member 5 includes a spring, an elastic sheet, or other elastic members, and the spring includes but is not limited to a columnar helical spring.

[0052] The side baffle 7 is also provided with a guide groove 7a, the opening of which is arranged toward the connecting plate 32 of the first template 3, the connecting plate 32 is slidably connected to the guide groove 7a via a guide column 71, the first end of the guide column 71 may be connected to the surface of the connecting plate 32, such as fixedly connected or detachably connected, a second elastic member 72 is provided between the end of the side baffle 7 and the connecting plate 32, and the second elastic member 72 may be sleeved on the end of the guide column 71 located on the side of the side baffle 7 facing the connecting plate 32 and the portion between the connecting plate 32. The second elastic member 72 includes but is not limited to a spring, an elastic sleeve, an elastic sheet or other elastic member, and the spring includes but is not limited to a cylindrical helical spring.

[0053] The pressure sensor 34 is used to be installed in the recessed cavity 31 to collect pressure change information when the sample soil 100 is subjected to pressure changes; the wedge-shaped component is used to be inserted in the recessed cavity 31; and the image detection device is used to collect image information of soil sample changes in the recessed cavity 31.

[0054] The pressurizing component 8 is arranged on the side of the first template 3 away from the second template 6, and the pressurizing component 8 is used to vertically pressurize the first template 3; the push-slide component 9 is arranged on any side of the first template 3, and the push-slide component 9 is used to horizontally pressurize the first template 3.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the second template 6 can be connected to the mounting plate 2 by a quick connection method when conducting a physical simulation experiment on the formation of a strike-slip fault; the quick connection method can be a method in which a positioning boss cooperates with a quick buckle 62, which can not only ensure the precise position of the second template 6 relative to the pressure component 8 and the push-slip component 9, thereby improving the accuracy of the physical simulation experiment on the formation of a strike-slip fault, but also improve the efficiency and convenience of the physical simulation experiment on the formation of a strike-slip fault.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the connecting plate 32 is fixedly connected to a pressure bearing plate 33. Figure 1 As shown, the pressure plate 33 can be connected to the side of the first template 3 away from the second template 6 through the connecting plate 32. The bearing plate 33 is a plate-like structure, such as a square plate-like structure, including a square plate-like structure and a rectangular plate-like structure. The number of the connecting plates 32 can be multiple, and the multiple connecting plates 32 can be arranged at equal intervals. In some embodiments, the pressure component 8 includes a pressure wheel plate 81, a pressure cylinder 82 and a first swing element 83.

[0057] The pressure-bearing wheel plate 81 abuts against the side of the pressure-bearing plate 33 facing away from the connecting plate 32; the pressure-bearing wheel plate 81 is connected to the extending end of the pressure-applying oil cylinder 82. The pressure-bearing wheel plate 81 is used to abut against the side of the pressure-bearing plate 33 facing away from the connecting plate 32. The mounting end of the pressure-applying oil cylinder 82 is fixedly connected to the first end of the first swinging element 83. An installation plate may be provided at the first end of the first swinging element 83. The pressure-applying oil cylinder 82 may be mounted on the installation plate. The number of the pressure-applying oil cylinders 82 may be multiple, and the multiple pressure-applying oil cylinders 82 may be arranged at equal intervals, so that the pressure application is more balanced and stable. The second end of the first swinging element 83 is mounted on the bottom plate 1. The first swinging element 83 is used to drive the pressure-bearing wheel plate 81 and the pressure-applying oil cylinder 82 to change or maintain positions, so as to vertically apply pressure to the first template 3. As Figure 3 shown, the pressure-applying component 8 may further include a first linkage plate perpendicularly connected to the installation plate. The lower end of the first linkage plate is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 1. For example, the lower end of the first linkage plate may be rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 1 through a rotating seat. The first swinging element 83 may include a first hydraulic cylinder. The swinging rod (or telescopic rod) of the first hydraulic cylinder may be connected to the middle position of the first linkage plate, and may be connected through a connecting ear. The lower end of the first hydraulic cylinder (the second end of the first swinging element 83) is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 1. Understandably, the first swinging element 83 may realize the change and maintenance of the positions of the pressure-bearing wheel plate 81 and the pressure-applying oil cylinder 82 at the end through the form of driving the swinging rod by the hydraulic cylinder.

[0058] Furthermore, a plurality of first sliding wheels are arranged on the pressure-bearing wheel plate 81, so as to ensure uniform application of pressure while not restricting the lateral movement of the first template 3, and further enable the first template 3 to move laterally while being extruded.

[0059] As Figure 1 and Figure 8 shown, in some embodiments, the pushing and sliding component 9 includes a push pulley plate 91, a push and slide oil cylinder 92 and a second swinging element 93; the push pulley plate 91 is used to abut against one side end face of the first template 3; the push pulley plate 91 is connected to the extending end of the push and slide oil cylinder 92. The mounting end of the push and slide oil cylinder 92 is fixedly connected to the first end of the second swinging element 93; the second end of the second swinging element 93 is mounted on the bottom plate 1. The second swinging element 93 is used to drive the push pulley plate 91 and the push and slide oil cylinder 92 to change or maintain positions, so as to laterally apply pressure to the first template 3.

[0060] Furthermore, the pushing and sliding member 9 may further include a second linkage plate. The lower end of the second linkage plate may be rotatably mounted on the base plate 1. For example, the lower end of the second linkage plate may be rotatably mounted on the base plate 1 through a rotating seat. The second swinging element 93 may include a second hydraulic cylinder. The swinging rod (or telescopic rod) of the second hydraulic cylinder may be connected to the middle position of the second linkage plate, for example, through a connecting ear. The lower end of the second hydraulic cylinder (the second end of the second swinging element 93) may be rotatably mounted on the base plate 1. It can be understood that the second swinging element 93 can realize the transformation and position holding of the push pulley plate 91 and the push and slide oil cylinder 92 at the end by driving the swinging rod of the hydraulic cylinder. Preferably, the number of the push pulley plates 91 may be one or more, and the number of the push and slide oil cylinders 92 may be one or more. For example, the push pulley plate 91 may be a plate-like structure, such as a square plate-like structure or a rectangular plate-like structure. One push and slide oil cylinder 92 cooperates with one push pulley plate 91, or multiple push and slide oil cylinders 92 cooperate with one push pulley plate 91.

[0061] Furthermore, a plurality of second sliding wheels are provided on the push pulley plate 91, so as to ensure uniform application of pressure while not restricting the longitudinal movement of the first template 3, so that the first template 3 can move up and down while being pushed and slid horizontally, that is, when the longitudinal extrusion force on the soil sample forming block needs to be continuously increased during the physical simulation experiment of strike-slip fracture formation.

[0062] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, in some embodiments, the side baffle 7 is made of a transparent material, which may be special glass resistant to high pressure or a high-strength polymer material, so as to ensure that it can withstand a large extrusion force. A hollow structure is provided inside the side baffle 7. The image detection device includes a camera 73 and a light-emitting plate 74 provided in the hollow structure. The camera 73 includes, but is not limited to, a wide-angle camera, and the light-emitting plate 74 includes, but is not limited to, an LED light-emitting plate. Both the camera 73 and the light-emitting plate 74 are signal-connected to the controller, for example, by wired connection or wireless connection. Thus, during the process of the first template 3 and the second template 6 applying extrusion force to the soil sample forming block, dynamic capture or slow-motion recording of the process of the soil sample forming block breaking is carried out, so that the process of strike-slip fracture of the soil sample forming block can be better recorded, and more accurate evidence is provided for the study of the activity of strike-slip fracture. Moreover, the camera 73 can move with the first template 3 and the light-emitting plate 74 provides auxiliary supplementary light, thereby improving the clarity of the collected images.

[0063] As Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, at least two pressure sensors 34 are symmetrically arranged in the concave cavity 31 of the first template 3. The number of the pressure sensors 34 is at least two. The at least two pressure sensors 34 are symmetrically arranged and are respectively arranged near the arc of the concave cavity 31. Specifically, the pressure sensors 34 are symmetrically arranged in the concave cavity 31 of the first template 3, and the pressure sensors 34 are near the arc of the concave cavity 31, as Figure 2 shown.

[0064] The pressure sensor 34 includes a detection head 341, an elastic wire 342 and an external plug connector 343; the detection heads 341 are all connected to the external plug connector 343 through spiral elastic wires 342; the external plug connector 343 is electrically connected to the controller. Preferably, a wire passing hole is provided on the first template 3 for the elastic wire 342 to pass through, and the external plug connector 343 is arranged outside the first template 3, for example, it can be in the space between the connecting plate 32 and the bearing plate 33. Preferably, each pressure sensor 34 may include a plurality of detection heads 341, for example, each pressure sensor 34 may include three detection heads 341.

[0065] Among them, when the sample soil 100 is laid in the concave cavity 31 of the first template 3, as the sample soil is laid layer by layer, the detection heads 341 are placed at the positions to be detected. Then, in the process of preparing the sample soil formed block, the pressure values detected by the detection heads 341 can be used to accurately control the pressure inside the sample soil formed block, which is more accurate than the value predicted by the propulsion amount of the push-sliding oil cylinder 92. Then, the strength of the sample soil formed block is closer to the preset value, and the accuracy of the simulation implementation is improved.

[0066] Moreover, during the process of the first template 3 and the second template 6 applying extrusion pressure to the sample soil formed block, the extrusion pressure received by the sample soil formed block will also be transmitted to the detection heads 341. Then, the detection heads 341 can also detect the stress condition during the process of the sample soil formed block slipping and breaking, and then correspond to the fracture and fragmentation images of the sample soil formed block collected by the camera 73, realizing a more dynamic and intuitive understanding of the strike-slip fracture activity, and then providing more accurate data support for the study of the activity of the strike-slip fracture.

[0067] As Figure 1 and Figure 6 shown, in some embodiments, a wedge-shaped narrow groove is provided on the first template 3. Preferably, there are at least two wedge-shaped narrow grooves, and the wedge-shaped narrow grooves can be inclined, such as inclined towards the central position of the concave cavity 31. In addition, the wedge-shaped narrow grooves are arranged near the arc of the concave cavity 31.

[0068] Further, the inner cavity size of the wedge-shaped narrow groove gradually decreases from the side away from the recessed cavity 31 towards the side close to the recessed cavity 31. The wedge-shaped narrow groove penetrates through the first template 3 and is communicatively arranged with the recessed cavity 31. The wedge-shaped component includes a wedge-shaped piece 35 for being inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove, and the end of the wedge-shaped piece 35 extends into the recessed cavity 31. The wedge-shaped piece 35 is inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove from the outside of the first template 3 until it extends into the recessed cavity 31. The wedge-shaped piece 35 is inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove from the outside of the first template 3 until it extends into the recessed cavity 31. The wedge-shaped piece 35 extending into the recessed cavity 31 needs to be installed in place before the sample soil 100 is laid. Then, after the sample soil 100 is laid and extruded into shape, by removing the wedge-shaped piece 35, fine cracks are formed on the sample soil forming block, which is then used to simulate the real soil layer structure, thereby improving the accuracy of the physical simulation experiment for the formation of strike-slip faults.

[0069] As Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown, in some embodiments, the wedge-shaped piece 35 includes a V-shaped elastic piece. The wedge-shaped component further includes a wedge-shaped insert 36. The wedge-shaped insert 36 includes a plugging portion 361 for being plugged into the wedge-shaped piece 35. The thick end of the plugging portion 361 is provided with a mounting portion 362, and the mounting portion 362 is used to connect the wedge-shaped insert 36 to the first template 3, which can be fixedly connected by fasteners. The fasteners include but are not limited to screws or bolts.

[0070] During installation, first, the wedge-shaped piece 35 is sleeved on the plugging portion 361 of the wedge-shaped insert 36. Then, the wedge-shaped piece 35 and the plugging portion 361 of the wedge-shaped insert 36 are inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove together. Then, the plugging portion 361 is used to squeeze the wedge-shaped piece 35 in the wedge-shaped narrow groove. Finally, the mounting portion 362 is used to realize the installation and fixation between the wedge-shaped piece 35 and the wedge-shaped insert 36 and the first template 3. When the wedge-shaped piece 35 needs to be removed, first, disconnect the connection between the mounting portion 362 and the first template 3, and then remove the wedge-shaped insert 36. As a result, the wedge-shaped piece 35 loses the extrusion force of the wedge-shaped insert 36, which facilitates the removal of the wedge-shaped piece 35 from the sample soil forming block and prevents the wedge-shaped piece 35 from damaging the cracks when being removed from the sample soil forming block.

[0071] As Figure 1 or Figure 2 shown, in some embodiments, the extending end of the telescopic plate 4 is inclined towards the central position side of the first template 3, so that the component force of the extrusion force exerted by the inner sample soil 100 on the telescopic plate 4 points in the direction of its extending end, thereby preventing the problem that the telescopic plate 4 retracts due to excessive extrusion force of the inner sample soil 100, resulting in the leakage of the sample soil 100.

[0072] As Figure 1 or Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of vibration components 37 are uniformly arranged on the outer side surface of the first template 3. There can be multiple of these vibration components 37, and the multiple vibration components 37 can be arranged at equal intervals. Among them, the setting of the vibration components 37 is used for vibrating and compacting during the laying process of the sample soil 100 on the one hand, and for simulating ground vibrations or other vibration factors during the process of simulating strike-slip faults on the other hand, thereby improving the authenticity and accuracy of the physical simulation experiment for the formation of strike-slip faults. The vibration components 37 include, but are not limited to, vibrators.

[0073] In some embodiments, the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults further includes a controller. The controller can be connected to the pressure sensor 34, the image detection device, the vibration components 37, the pressurizing component 8, and the pushing and sliding component 9 to achieve control. The controller includes, but is not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a micro calculator, a central processing unit, a field programmable gate array, a programmable logic device, a state machine, a logic circuit, an analog circuit, a digital circuit, and / or any device based on operating instruction operation signals (analog and / or digital). Alternatively, the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults further includes a host computer, and the host computer is configured with the controller and a display screen.

[0074] The application of the physical simulation experiment device for the formation of strike-slip faults is as follows: Before conducting the physical simulation experiment for the formation of strike-slip faults, first invert the first template 3 to facilitate laying the prepared sample soil 100 into the cavity surrounded by the concave cavity 31 and the side baffle 7. After the laying is completed, cover the second template 6, and then connect and fix the second template 6 to the first template 3 through a connecting member (which can be a connecting plate body fastened with bolts or screws), as Figure 7 shown, to facilitate subsequent hoisting.

[0075] Hoist the second template 6 and the first template 3 onto the mounting plate 2 by a hoisting device. During the hoisting process, turn the position into a form where the second template 6 is below, thereby realizing the installation of the second template 6 on the mounting plate 2, and then use the positioning boss to cooperate with the quick buckle method to fix and install the second template 6 on the mounting plate 2, as Figure 3 shown.

[0076] Subsequently, the connecting piece used to temporarily fix the second template 6 and the first template 3 is removed, and the first swing element 83 of the pressing component 8 operates, and then the bearing wheel plate 81 and the pressing oil cylinder 82 at its end are moved above the first template 3. Subsequently, the pressing oil cylinder 82 extends, and then pushes the bearing wheel plate 81 closer to the first template 3. When the bearing wheel plate 81 contacts and presses the bearing plate 33, the sample soil 100 laid between the second template 6 and the first template 3 is extruded. During the process, as the sample soil 100 between the second template 6 and the first template 3 is extruded, the telescopic plates 4 at both ends of the first template 3 and the side baffle plates 7 on both sides of the first template 3 are both pressed by the second template 6, and then contract inward synchronously, so as to ensure that the sample soil 100 between the second template 6 and the first template 3 can be wrapped and extruded into shape. When the sample soil 100 reaches the preset pressure for forming, the controller can control the pressing oil cylinder 82 to extend and lock, and then maintain the pressure and wait for the set time. The above preset pressure and the set time for maintaining the pressure are selected according to the simulated geomechanical properties (such as clay, quartz sand, etc.) of the corresponding materials, and its compaction parameters need to be converted through similarity criteria with the strength, density and other parameters of the prototype rock.

[0077] When the set time ends, the sample soil forming block required for the physical simulation experiment of the strike-slip fault formation is obtained. The second swing element 93 of the pushing and sliding component 9 operates, and then the pushing pulley plate 91 and the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92 at its end are moved to one end of the first template 3. Subsequently, the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92 extends, and then pushes the pushing pulley plate 91 closer to the end face of one end of the first template 3. When the pushing pulley plate 91 contacts and presses the end face of one end of the first template 3, it then pushes the first template 3 to be misaligned relative to the second template 6. The misalignment generates a force that squeezes and shears the sample soil forming block between the second template 6 and the first template 3. Then, during the continuous extension of the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92, the sample soil forming block is squeezed and sheared and fractured, thus realizing the simulation process of the geological strike-slip fault at the sample soil collection site, and providing important support and scheme reference for the study of the activity of the strike-slip fault.

[0078] By directly making the soil sample of the geological object to be measured into a sample soil forming block for simulation, the strike-slip fault situation of the geological object to be measured can be more accurately simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation, and the physical simulation experiment of the strike-slip fault formation is also more practically instructive.

[0079] In addition, the physical simulation experiment device for forming strike-slip faults can directly prepare the sample soil forming blocks, and the completed sample soil forming blocks can be directly used for simulation implementation. Furthermore, the first template 3 and the second template 6 used to form the sample soil directly apply extrusion pressure to the sample soil forming blocks. Since the first template 3 and the second template 6 fit more closely to the sample forming blocks, the extrusion pressure received by the sample soil forming blocks is more similar to the stress condition of the sample soil in the real soil layer. Therefore, the strike-slip fault condition of the geological formation to be measured can be more accurately simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation.

[0080] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a physical simulation experiment method for forming strike-slip faults, which is applicable to the physical simulation experiment device for forming strike-slip faults in the above embodiments. The physical simulation experiment method for forming strike-slip faults includes the following steps:

[0081] S1: Use a hoisting device to invert the first template 3 so that the concave cavity 31 faces upward, install a pressure sensor 34, a wedge-shaped component, and an image detection device. Lay the sample soil in the concave cavity 31 of the first template 3 until the sample soil completely covers the cavity formed by the concave cavity 31 and the side baffle 7. After laying, cover the second template 6, and then connect and fix the second template 6 and the first template 3 through a connecting member. In step S1, use a hoisting device to invert the first template 3, sleeved the wedge-shaped piece 35 on the wedge-shaped insert 36, and then insert the wedge-shaped piece 35 and the wedge-shaped insert 36 together into the wedge-shaped narrow groove, and then realize the installation and fixation between the wedge-shaped piece 35 and the wedge-shaped insert 36 and the first template 3 through the installation part 362. Lay the pretreated sample soil in the concave cavity 31 of the first template 3. As the sample soil 100 is laid layer by layer, the detection head 341 is also placed at the position to be detected until the sample soil 100 completely covers the cavity formed by the concave cavity 31 and the side baffle 7. After laying, cover the second template 6, and then connect and fix the second template 6 and the first template 3 through a connecting member.

[0082] S2: Use a hoisting device to hoist the second template 6 and the first template 3 onto the mounting plate 2. During the hoisting process, turn the position into a form where the second template 6 is below, and fixedly install the second template 6 on the mounting plate 2. Then remove the connecting member used to temporarily fix the second template 6 and the first template 3. In this step S2, use a hoisting device to hoist the second template 6 and the first template 3 onto the mounting plate 2. During the hoisting process, turn the position into a form where the second template 6 is below, and then use the positioning boss to cooperate with the quick buckle method to realize the fixed installation of the second template 6 on the mounting plate 2. Then remove the connecting member used to temporarily fix the second template 6 and the first template 3.

[0083] S3: The pressing member 8 presses on the first template 3, causing the soil sample laid between the second template 6 and the first template 3 to be extruded. During the process, as the soil sample between the second template 6 and the first template 3 is extruded, the telescopic plates 4 at both ends of the first template 3 and the side baffle plates 7 on both sides of the first template 3 are both extruded by the second template 6, and then contract inward synchronously, so that the soil sample can be wrapped and extruded into shape; when the soil sample reaches the preset pressure for forming, subsequent pressure holding operation is carried out. In this step S3, the first swinging element 83 acts, and then moves the bearing wheel plate 81 and the pressing oil cylinder 82 at its end to above the first template 3. Subsequently, the pressing oil cylinder 82 is jacked out (which can be controlled by the controller), and then the bearing wheel plate 81 is pushed closer to the first template 3. When the bearing wheel plate 81 contacts and presses the bearing plate 33, the soil sample 100 laid between the second template 6 and the first template 3 is extruded. During the process, as the soil sample between the second template 6 and the first template 3 is extruded, the telescopic plates 4 at both ends of the first template 3 and the side baffle plates 7 on both sides of the first template 3 are both extruded by the second template 6, and then contract inward synchronously, so as to ensure that the soil sample 100 between the second template 6 and the first template 3 can be wrapped and extruded into shape; when the soil sample 100 reaches the preset pressure for forming, the pressing oil cylinder 82 (which can be controlled by the controller) is controlled to be jacked out and locked, and then pressure holding is carried out for a set time.

[0084] S4: When the pressure holding operation ends, the wedge-shaped component is taken out. In this step S4, when the set time for pressure holding waiting ends, first disconnect the connection between the mounting part 362 and the first template 3, and then take out the wedge-shaped insert 36.

[0085] S5: The pushing and sliding member 9 presses on the first template 3 to push the first template 3 to be misaligned relative to the second template 6, and the soil sample forming block is extruded and sheared and broken. In step S5, the second swinging element 93 acts (which can be controlled by the controller), and then moves the pushing pulley plate 91 and the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92 at its end to one end of the first template 3. Subsequently, the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92 is controlled to be jacked out (which can be controlled by the controller), and then the pushing pulley plate 91 is pushed closer to the end face of one end of the first template 3. When the pushing pulley plate 91 contacts and presses the end face of one end of the first template 3, the first template 3 is pushed to be misaligned relative to the second template 6. Then, during the continuous jacking out of the pushing and sliding oil cylinder 92, the soil sample forming block is extruded and sheared and broken.

[0086] S6: The image detection device collects the image information of the process of the sample soil forming block breaking, and at the same time, the pressure sensor 34 detects the force condition during the process of the sample soil forming block slipping and breaking. In this step S6, during the process of the first template 3 and the second template 6 applying extrusion force to the sample soil forming block, the camera 73 (such as a wide-angle camera) of the image detection device can dynamically capture or record the process of the sample soil forming block breaking in slow motion, and at the same time, the force condition during the process of the sample soil forming block slipping and breaking can be detected by the detection head 341.

[0087] S7: Correlate the force condition during the process of the sample soil forming block slipping and breaking detected by the pressure sensor 34 with the fracture and fragmentation image of the sample soil forming block collected by the image detection device. In step S7, correlate the force condition during the process of the sample soil forming block slipping and breaking detected by the detection head 341 in step S6 with the fracture and fragmentation image of the sample soil forming block collected by the camera 73 (such as a wide-angle camera) to achieve a dynamic and intuitive understanding of the slip and fracture activity.

[0088] Before step S1, step S0 can also be included: pre-treat the sample soil taken from the geological area to be measured to make it meet the conditions required for extrusion molding; such as humidity, particle size, etc. The conditions to be achieved for this pre-treatment are to select corresponding materials according to the mechanical properties of the simulated geological body (such as clay, quartz sand, etc.), and its compaction parameters need to be converted through similarity criteria with the strength, density and other parameters of the prototype rock.

[0089] It can be understood that the above embodiments only represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation to the scope of the patent of the present invention; it should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several deformations and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation, comprising a base plate (1) and a mounting plate (2); the mounting plate (2) is fixedly connected to the base plate (1); and the characteristics are: The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation also includes a first template (3), a telescopic plate (4), a first elastic member (5), a second template (6), a side baffle (7), a pressure sensor (34), a wedge assembly, an image detection device, a pressurizing component (8) and a push-slip component (9); a recessed cavity (31) is provided on the first template (3); the second template (6) is connected to the mounting plate (2), a protruding structure (61) is provided on the second template (6), and the protruding structure (61) is arranged opposite to the recessed cavity (31); the side baffles (7) are provided on both sides of the first template (3); the first template (3), the second template (6) and the side baffles (7) together form a cavity, and the inner cavity of the cavity is used to fill the sample soil; Both ends of the first template (3) are provided with sliding grooves (3a) on one side facing the second template (6); one end of the telescopic plate (4) extends into the sliding groove (3a), and the other end of the telescopic plate (4) is connected to the second template (6); the first elastic member (5) is provided between the telescopic plate (4) and the bottom of the sliding groove (3a); The side baffle (7) is provided with a guide groove (7a), the opening of the guide groove (7a) is arranged toward the connecting plate (32) of the first template (3), the connecting plate (32) is slidably connected to the guide groove (7a) via a guide column (71), and a second elastic member (72) is provided between the end of the side baffle (7) and the connecting plate (32); The pressure sensor (34) is used to be installed in the recessed cavity (31); the wedge-shaped component is used to be inserted in the recessed cavity (31); and the image detection device is used to collect image information of soil sample changes in the recessed cavity (31); The pressure component (8) is arranged on the side of the first template (3) away from the second template (6), and the pressure component (8) is used to apply vertical pressure to the first template (3); the push-slide component (9) is arranged on any side of the first template (3), and the push-slide component (9) is used to apply horizontal pressure to the first template (3).

2. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing component (8) comprises a pressure wheel plate (81), a pressurizing cylinder (82) and a first swinging element (83); the pressure plate (33) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (32); the pressure wheel plate (81) abuts against the side of the pressure plate (33) away from the connecting plate (32); the pressure wheel plate (81) is connected to the protruding end of the pressurizing cylinder (82), the pressure wheel plate (81) is used to abut against the side of the pressure plate (33) away from the connecting plate (32), the mounting end of the pressurizing cylinder (82) is fixedly connected to the first end of the first swinging element (83); the second end of the first swinging element (83) is mounted on the bottom plate (1), and the first swinging element (83) is used to drive the pressure wheel plate (81) and the pressurizing cylinder (82) to change or maintain position, so as to vertically pressurize the first template (3).

3. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push-slide component (9) comprises a push-pulley plate (91), a push-slide oil cylinder (92) and a second swing element (93); the push-pulley plate (91) is used to abut against a side end surface of the first template (3); The push pulley plate (91) is connected to the protruding end of the push-slip cylinder (92), and the mounting end of the push-slip cylinder (92) is fixedly connected to the first end of the second swing element (93); the second end of the second swing element (93) is mounted on the base plate (1), and the second swing element (93) is used to drive the push pulley plate (91) and the push-slip cylinder (92) to change or maintain position, so as to apply lateral pressure to the first template (3).

4. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side baffle (7) is made of a transparent material; a hollow structure is arranged inside the side baffle (7); and the image detection device comprises a camera (73) and a light-emitting panel (74) arranged in the hollow structure.

5. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two pressure sensors (34) are symmetrically arranged in the recessed cavity (31) of the first template (3), the number of the pressure sensors (34) is at least two, and the two or more pressure sensors (34) are symmetrically arranged and respectively arranged near the arc of the recessed cavity (31).

6. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first template (3) is provided with a wedge-shaped narrow groove, the wedge-shaped narrow groove passes through the first template (3) and is connected to the recessed cavity (31); the wedge assembly comprises a wedge-shaped piece (35) for being inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove, and the end of the wedge-shaped piece (35) extends into the recessed cavity (31); the wedge-shaped piece (35) is inserted into the wedge-shaped narrow groove from the outside of the first template (3) until it extends into the recessed cavity (31).

7. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wedge-shaped piece (35) comprises a V-shaped elastic piece; the wedge-shaped assembly further comprises a wedge-shaped insert piece (36), the wedge-shaped insert piece (36) comprises an inserting portion (361) for inserting into the wedge-shaped piece (35), a mounting portion (362) is provided at a thick end of the inserting portion (361), and the mounting portion (362) is used to connect the wedge-shaped insert piece (36) to the first template (3).

8. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended end of the telescopic plate (4) is arranged to be inclined toward the center position of the first template (3).

9. The physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of vibration components (37) are evenly arranged on the outer side surface of the first template (3).

10. A physical simulation experimental method for strike-slip fault formation, applicable to the physical simulation experimental device for strike-slip fault formation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The physical simulation experimental method for the formation of strike-slip faults comprises the following steps: S1: using a lifting device to invert the first template (3) so that the recessed cavity (31) is arranged upward, installing a pressure sensor (34), a wedge assembly and an image detection device, laying the sample soil in the recessed cavity (31) of the first template (3) until the sample soil completely covers the cavity surrounded by the recessed cavity (31) and the side baffle (7), and after the laying is completed, covering the second template (6), and then connecting and fixing the second template (6) to the first template (3) through a connecting piece; S2: hoisting the second template (6) and the first template (3) onto the mounting plate (2) by means of a hoisting device, flipping the positions of the second template (6) to a form where the second template (6) is at the bottom during the hoisting process, and fixing the second template (6) on the mounting plate (2), and then removing the connecting piece used to temporarily fix the second template (6) and the first template (3); S3: The pressurizing component (8) applies pressure to the first template (3), so that the sample soil laid between the second template (6) and the first template (3) is squeezed. During the process, as the sample soil between the second template (6) and the first template (3) is squeezed, the telescopic plates (4) at both ends of the first template (3) and the side baffles (7) on both sides of the first template (3) are squeezed by the second template (6), and then shrink inward synchronously, so that the sample soil can be wrapped and extruded; when the sample soil reaches the preset molding pressure, a pressure-maintaining operation is then performed; S4: When the pressure holding operation is completed, the wedge assembly is removed; S5: the push-slide component (9) applies pressure to the first template (3) to push the first template (3) to be displaced relative to the second template (6), and the sample soil forming block is squeezed, sheared and fractured; S6: the image detection device collects image information of the fracture process of the sample soil forming block, and at the same time the pressure sensor (34) detects the stress condition of the sample soil forming block during the strike-slip fracture process; S7: The stress condition of the sample soil forming block during the strike-slip fracture process detected by the pressure sensor (34) is matched with the fracture and crushing image of the sample soil forming block collected by the image detection device.

Images