Multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and guided wave detection system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and a guided wave detection system, which belong to the field of measurement. The guided wave transducer utilizes a waveguide transducer module 1 and a waveguide transducer module 2 to generate guided waves of different modes. After one installation, two excitations are used to realize defect detection of multiple corrosion trends with different directions. This not only saves costs, but also improves the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection, and improves the inspection and monitoring efficiency, thereby overcoming the problem that the existing single fixed mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion. After multiple groups of guided wave transducers are arranged along the circumference of the pipeline, the number of arrays that originally need to control different mode excitations will be reduced by 1 / 2, solving the maintenance problem of a large number of array transducers in inspection and monitoring. The guided wave detection system includes a plurality of transducer circumferential arrays formed by the circumferential arrangement of the above-mentioned multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of measurement and relates to a pipeline defect detection technology using a transducer, and in particular to a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multiple modes and a guided wave detection system. Background Art

[0002] Magnetostrictive array guided wave transducers are more commonly used for on-site online inspection of high-temperature pipelines. However, due to the complexity and diversity of the types of defects present in on-site pipelines, even defects of the same type may have different orientations. For a certain design type of guided wave transducer, its effective detection sensitivity is single. For example, a transducer with a T (0, 1) mode is more sensitive to defects that expand along the axial dimension of the pipeline, and a transducer with an L (0, 2) mode is more sensitive to defects that expand along the circumferential dimension of the pipeline. For on-site inspection, a transducer with a fixed mode type cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion. Based on this, the present invention proposes a guided wave transducer with multiple modes that can cover the detection of defects that expand in multiple directions along the pipeline, so as to overcome the problem that the above-mentioned single fixed mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and guided wave detection system with multiple modes, which can detect defects that expand in multiple directions along the pipeline, improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection, and improve the inspection and monitoring efficiency, so as to overcome the problem that the above-mentioned single fixed mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following solutions: On the one hand, the present invention provides a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, comprising a guided wave transducer module 1 and a guided wave transducer module 2, wherein the guided wave transducer module 1 can excite the SH wave mode on the flat plate and the T (0, 1) mode on the pipeline to detect defect 1 that expands in length along the axial direction of the pipeline, and the guided wave transducer module 2 can excite the Lamb wave mode on the flat plate and the L (0, 2) mode on the pipeline to detect defect 2 that expands in length along the circumferential direction of the pipeline.

[0005] Preferably, the first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module both include an excitation module and a transducer module, the excitation module is an electromagnet excitation module, the transducer module includes a ceramic base and a transducer coil, and the transducer coil is wound on the ceramic base with the axial direction of the ceramic base as the axis;

[0006] In the guided wave transducer module 1, the electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped magnetic core 1 and an excitation coil 1, and the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1 are each wound with an excitation coil 1 for electromagnet excitation, the excitation coils 1 on the two pillars are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 1 on the two pillars are opposite; the ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped magnetic core 1, and the axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1;

[0007] In the second waveguide transducer module: the electromagnet excitation module includes a second U-shaped magnetic core and a second excitation coil, and the two pillars of the second U-shaped magnetic core are each wound with a second excitation coil for electromagnet excitation, the two excitation coils on the two pillars are connected in series, and the winding directions of the two excitation coils on the two pillars are opposite; the ceramic base is arranged directly below the second U-shaped magnetic core, and the axial direction of the ceramic base is perpendicular to the second U-shaped magnetic core.

[0008] Preferably, the first waveguide transducer module and the second waveguide transducer module are arranged in an integrated manner; the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer further includes a packaging shell and a packaging base plate arranged at the bottom opening of the packaging shell, the first U-shaped magnetic core and the second U-shaped magnetic core are both arranged in the packaging shell, and the two ends of the columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core are fixed to or in contact with the packaging base plate, the second U-shaped magnetic core is arranged across the top of the first U-shaped magnetic core and is orthogonal to the first U-shaped magnetic core, and the two ends of the columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core are fixed to or in contact with the packaging base plate;

[0009] The waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 share a set of transducer modules. The ceramic base of the transducer module is arranged on the packaging bottom plate and is located directly below the U-shaped magnetic core 1. The axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1.

[0010] Preferably, the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 are arranged separately, and the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 respectively have independent packaging shells, the excitation module and the transducer module of the waveguide transducer module 1 are fixed in the packaging shell of the waveguide transducer module 1, and the excitation module and the transducer module of the waveguide transducer module 2 are fixed in the packaging shell of the waveguide transducer module 2; the excitation coil 1 of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the excitation coil 2 of the waveguide transducer module 2 are connected in series.

[0011] Preferably, the U-shaped magnetic core 1 of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the U-shaped magnetic core 2 of the waveguide transducer module 2 are respectively used to be arranged on two magnetostrictive strips arranged at intervals.

[0012] Preferably, the excitation module adopts a permanent magnet excitation module to replace the electromagnet excitation module;

[0013] In the first guided wave transducer module, the permanent magnet excitation module includes the first U-shaped magnetic core and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures, the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite;

[0014] In the waveguide transducer module 2: the permanent magnet excitation module includes the U-shaped magnetic core 2 and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures, the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 2, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite.

[0015] Preferably, the two upright posts of the U-shaped magnetic core 1 and the two upright posts of the U-shaped magnetic core 2 are both covered with a cup-shaped sleeve; the excitation coil or the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the transducer coil includes an inner transducer coil and an outer transducer coil, and the outer periphery of the ceramic base is further provided with a snap-on holding device; the inner transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the ceramic base, and the inner transducer coil is located on the inner circle of the snap-on holding device; the outer transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the snap-on holding device; the center frequency of the outer transducer coil is lower than the center frequency of the inner transducer coil;

[0017] The inner transducer coil and the outer transducer coil are both hand-wound zigzag coils.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a guided wave detection system, comprising a plurality of circumferential arrays of transducers arranged axially along the pipeline, wherein any one of the circumferential arrays of transducers comprises a plurality of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers as described above, and any two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are movably connected by a hinge.

[0019] Preferably, the guided wave detection system further includes a serpentine cooling bend; the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers of any two adjacent transducer circumferential arrays are aligned one by one to form multiple rows of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers on the outer circumference of the pipeline, and the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers in any row are arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline; the serpentine cooling bend sequentially penetrates each row of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, and the serpentine cooling bend is bent once after penetrating all the packaging shells of a row of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, and the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer proposed in the present invention simultaneously provides a first and a second guided wave transducer module, which can generate guided waves of different modes using the first and second modules. The T (0, 1) modal acoustic wave is more sensitive to corrosion pits that expand and change along the axial direction of the pipeline, while the L (0, 2) modal acoustic wave is more sensitive to corrosion pits that expand and change along the circumferential direction of the pipeline. This multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer can be installed once and used for both short-term detection and long-term placement on the pipeline for large-scale monitoring. During detection or monitoring, two excitations are used to detect defects with multiple corrosion trends in different directions. This not only saves costs but also improves the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection and monitoring, thereby improving detection and monitoring efficiency. This overcomes the problem that existing single fixed-mode transducers cannot accurately grasp comprehensive information about defect expansion.

[0022] In the transducer circumferential array, after multiple groups of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are arranged along the circumference of the pipeline, the number of arrays required to control different modal excitations will be reduced by 1 / 2. Only a circle of array transducers needs to be arranged according to the pipe diameter size. This can realize the detection and monitoring of corrosion defects of multiple types and multiple directions. This is of great significance for monitoring, reducing the maintenance difficulties of a large number of array transducers during monitoring.

[0023] In some technical solutions of the present invention, after the inner transducer coil and the outer transducer coil are superimposed, the accuracy of defect detection, positioning and quantification in inspection and monitoring can be further improved. The same mode uses two sets of sound waves of different frequencies for long-distance and short-distance inspection and monitoring, which means that one transducer can excite two modes and four ultrasonic guided waves with different performances, overcoming the problem of blind area inspection and monitoring of defects in near-surface areas during long-distance transmission during low-frequency excitation, and overcoming the problem of large-scale inspection and monitoring of defects in distant areas during high-frequency and short-distance transmission.

[0024] In addition, considering that the current magnetostrictive transducer cannot meet the long-term high-temperature application environment of 325 degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius, some technical solutions of the present invention are also provided with a cup-shaped sleeve on the outside of the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core, and the excitation coil and the high-temperature resistant magnet structure are both arranged on the outside of the cup-shaped sleeve. The cup-shaped sleeve is made of zirconia ceramic material and has a certain heat insulation effect, which can greatly reduce the overall temperature of the excitation coil and maintain the flexibility of the excitation coil in a high-temperature environment for a long time. Even if there is a certain wear on the winding part of the excitation coil and the corners of the magnetic core, it can ensure safe operation for a long time; secondly, the high-temperature resistant magnet structure can be combined with the U-shaped magnetic core to form a permanent magnet excitation structure. The bottom of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is in contact with the cup-shaped sleeve, and is not directly in contact with the high-temperature monitoring object, which can greatly reduce the steady-state temperature of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure, not only allowing the high-temperature resistant magnet structure to maintain its magnetism for a long time, but also realizing long-term monitoring of the permanent magnet excitation structure in a high-temperature environment pipeline.

[0025] The guided wave detection system proposed in the present invention includes multiple transducer circumferential arrays formed by the circumferential arrangement of the above-mentioned multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers. Based on the annular array arrangement of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, the number of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers in each transducer circumferential array can be flexibly increased or decreased to accommodate pipes of different diameters.

[0026] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a serpentine cooling elbow is provided in the guided wave detection system. The serpentine cooling elbow sequentially penetrates the housings of each row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers. After each serpentine cooling elbow penetrates all the housings of a row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, the serpentine bending occurs once, with any two adjacent bendings being in opposite directions, thereby forming a serpentine cooling elbow. The serpentine cooling elbow allows a single cooling elbow to penetrate all multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers in the guided wave detection system. This has a simple structure and is easily disassembled, assembled, and adjusted. It can be adjusted according to the number of transducers in the transducer array and can be quickly assembled and disassembled from the transducers, meeting the cooling requirements of the transducer array's adaptive cooling system for pipes of varying curvatures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of the waveguide transducer module 1 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the waveguide transducer module 1 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a test principle diagram of the waveguide transducer module 1 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of the waveguide transducer module 2 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second waveguide transducer module disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a test principle diagram of the second waveguide transducer module disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a test principle diagram of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the structure and installation principle of the split multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Left view of .

[0040] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Top view of .

[0041] Figure 14 for Figure 11 AA cross-section diagram.

[0042] Figure 15 for Figure 11 BB cross-section diagram.

[0043] Figure 16 for Figure 12 DD cross-section diagram.

[0044] Figure 17 for Figure 13 GG cross-section diagram.

[0045] Figure 18 This is an analysis diagram of the waveguide mode mechanism of the waveguide transducer module 2 in the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 19 This is an analysis diagram of the waveguide mode mechanism of the waveguide transducer module 1 in the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 20 This is a front cross-section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0048] Figure 21 This is a front cross-section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0049] Figure 22 A top view of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0050] Figure 23 A top view of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0051] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-type corrosion pit detection method using a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 25 Detailed diagram of pipeline corrosion defects.

[0053] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer on a pipeline disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 27 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transducer structure in the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 28 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hand-wound coil in the transducer structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 29 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cup-shaped sleeve disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 30 This is a schematic structural diagram of an excitation coil wound around the outside of a cup-shaped sleeve disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cup-shaped sleeve and the U-shaped magnetic core disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cup-shaped sleeve and the high-temperature resistant magnet structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 33 This is a schematic structural diagram of the guided wave detection system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 34 for Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the end.

[0062] Figure 35 for Figure 33 A partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0063] In the figure, the reference numerals are: 100 - multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer; 200 - pipeline; 300 - magnetostrictive strip; 400 - guided wave detection system; 500 - hinge; 600 - serpentine structure cooling elbow; 601 - inlet end; 602 - outlet end.

[0064] 1-Waveguide transducer module one; 11-U-shaped magnetic core one; 12-Excitation coil one; 13-Ceramic base; 131-Groove; 132-Connecting channel; 133-Through slot; 14-Transducer coil; 141-Higher center frequency transducer coil; 142-Lower center frequency transducer coil; 2-Waveguide transducer module two; 21-U-shaped magnetic core two; 22-Excitation coil two; 3-Defect one; 4-Defect two; 5-Packaging shell; 6-Cover plate; 7-Packaging bottom plate; 8-Snap-on supporting device; 81-Protruding foot; 9-Cup-shaped sleeve; 10-High temperature resistant magnet structure; 15-Gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multiple modes, which can detect defects that extend in multiple directions along the pipeline, improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection, and improve the inspection and monitoring efficiency, so as to overcome the problem that the above-mentioned single fixed mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion.

[0067] Another object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide detection system comprising the above-mentioned multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer.

[0068] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] This embodiment provides a multi-modal, composite-excitation, high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 for installation on the wall of a pipeline 200 to be tested. It includes a guided wave transducer module 1 and a guided wave transducer module 2. The guided wave transducer module 1 can excite the SH wave mode on a flat plate and generate the T(0, 1) mode in the pipeline to detect defects 13 that extend axially along the pipeline 200. The guided wave transducer module 2 can excite the Lamb wave mode on a flat plate and generate the L(0, 2) mode in the pipeline to detect defects 24 that extend circumferentially along the pipeline 200. Defects 13 and 24 are naturally formed over the long-term use of the pipeline. They can be regular, neatly-edged strip-shaped defects, or irregular defects with a distinct longitudinal extension direction, such as elliptical defects or strip-shaped defects with jagged edges. To facilitate understanding of this solution, the defects illustrated in the figures are all regular strip-shaped.

[0071] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 3Figure 1 shows the structure, installation, and operation of a guided wave transducer module 1 capable of exciting SH-wave modes on a flat plate. The guided wave transducer module 1 is specifically a magnetostrictive, multi-modal, composite-excitation, high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, primarily comprising an excitation module and a transducer module. The excitation module utilizes an electromagnet excitation structure, specifically comprising a magnetic core and coils. The core material includes, but is not limited to, 1J22 soft magnetic alloy. To save processing costs and avoid excessive waste, a rectangular cross-section magnetic core can be selected. The entire core is a U-shaped core formed by splicing three square strips. Two layers of coils are wound around the left and right columns of the U-shaped core (i.e., the two parallel square strips of the U-shaped core). The coils are preferably made of high-temperature-resistant mica. The coils wound on the left and right columns are connected in series. The strength of the static magnetic field generated in the space can be controlled by applying DC voltages of varying strengths. The excitation module is arranged on the magnetostrictive strip 300. The function of the excitation module is to stably excite the magnetostrictive strip 300 in a certain direction. This is one of the necessary conditions for the magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer to generate effective sound waves. Under the magnetostrictive effect, the torsional force is mainly generated by the interaction between the static bias magnetic field in the magnetostrictive strip 300 and the dynamic magnetic field of the coil. From a macroscopic perspective, after the electromagnet is used for stable excitation, when the transducer coil in the transducer module is supplied with alternating current, An alternating magnetic field will be applied to the magnetostrictive strip 300, so the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies that make up the magnetostrictive strip 300 will flip back and forth as the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field change. The change in direction of these tiny magnetic bodies manifests as a macroscopic strain. This bidirectional magnetomechanical coupling will also produce an inverse effect, that is, the stress acting on the magnetostrictive strip 300 can change the magnetic state of the magnetostrictive strip 300 itself by adjusting the direction of these tiny magnetic bodies. The change in magnetic state will cut the transducer coil in the transducer module, thereby generating a voltage signal. Therefore, the key points of using electromagnet excitation in the waveguide transducer module 1 are: first, the Curie point temperature of materials such as 1J22 soft magnetic alloy is high and can withstand high temperatures for a long time; second, the static magnetic field strength can be effectively controlled to ensure that the magnetostrictive effect is optimal. If the static magnetic field strength is controlled by a magnet and the magnetic field strength is fixed, for the transducer coil, the static magnetic field strength is too large or too small, and the signal is easily distorted. The transducer module mainly plays the role of exciting the sound wave in the waveguide transducer module 1. After working in the excitation module area, such as Figure 1 As shown, the magnetostrictive strip 300 is subjected to a horizontal magnetic field in the Y-axis direction (the Y-axis is parallel to the circumference of the pipe and intersects with the length direction of the defect 3). That is, at this time, the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies constituting the magnetostrictive strip 300 are all deflected in the Y-axis direction. Figure 1The transducer coil shown in the figure primarily employs a zigzag coil structure. When alternating current is applied to the transducer coil, it generates a dynamic magnetic field in the magnetostrictive strip 300 that varies in the X-axis direction (perpendicular to the aforementioned Y-axis and generally aligned with the lengthwise direction of defect 3. In this embodiment, for clarity, the X-axis direction is used to refer to the lengthwise direction of defect 3). This in turn perturbs the orientation of the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies in the magnetostrictive strip 300, causing them to deflect in the X-axis direction. This generates a torsional force in the Y-axis direction. The waves generated by this force are commonly known as SH waves, which propagate primarily through shear motion parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. This shear motion is unaffected by water attenuation and is less affected by coating attenuation. The magnetostrictive strip 300 is primarily bonded to the inspection and testing plate or pipe 200 via a high-temperature resistant coupling agent. The high-temperature resistant coupling agent serves as a coupling module between the magnetostrictive strip 300 and the inspection and testing plate or pipe 200. Its function is to stably transmit the guided waves generated in the magnetostrictive strip 300 to the inspection and testing plate, while also effectively transmitting the acoustic waves returning from the inspection and testing plate to the magnetostrictive strip 300. The transducer coil in the guided wave transducer module 1 then collects a stable and effective echo signal, which then determines whether the inspected object has corresponding defects and further assesses the safety level. The overall structure of the guided wave transducer module 1 primarily relies on an external packaging shell to fasten the excitation module and transducer module. A transducer module is positioned beneath the U-shaped magnetic core of the excitation module. The transducer module includes a ceramic base and the aforementioned transducer coil wound around the outer circumference of the ceramic base. Figures 1 to 3 The transducer coil is shown separately; in reality, it and the ceramic base are an integrated structure. The SH wave generated by the transducer module structure and excitation pattern described above is more sensitive to defects 1 and 3 that extend in the X-axis direction, but less sensitive to defects 2 and 4 that extend in the Y-axis direction.

[0072] like Figures 4 to 6The figure shows the structure, installation, and operation of guided wave transducer module 2, which can excite Lamb wave modes. Its structure and composition are essentially identical to that of guided wave transducer module 1, a high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multi-modal composite excitation. Details will not be provided here. The difference lies in the following: the static excitation direction of guided wave transducer module 2 is oriented toward the X-axis, which is the same as the direction of the dynamic magnetic field generated in the magnetostrictive strip 300 when AC current is applied to the transducer coil (while the direction of guided wave transducer module 1 is in a cross direction). Therefore, the magnetostrictive force generated by the coupling and superposition of the static and dynamic magnetic fields of guided wave transducer module 2 effectively excites Lamb waves in the flat plate structure. Lamb waves are primarily transmitted through bending / compression motions perpendicular and parallel to the surface, with bending motions significantly attenuated by water, coatings, and other factors. The Lamb waves generated by the structure of guided wave transducer module 2 and the excitation mode are more sensitive to defects 24 that extend along the Y-axis. The Y-axis direction is generally consistent with the length direction of the defect 2 4 . In this embodiment, for clarity of explanation, the Y-axis direction is used to refer to the length direction of the defect 2 4 .

[0073] Defects 1-3 and 2-4 include but are not limited to corrosion pits, cracks, etc. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, defect 1 3 and defect 2 4 can exist independently on the pipeline 200; Figure 7 As shown, defects 1 3 and 2 4 can also be cross-combined to form a defect approximately in the shape of a "+". Regardless of the form of defects 1 3 and 2 4, they do not hinder the accurate capture and detection of defects in the sensitive direction by guided wave transducer modules 1 and 2.

[0074] In the multi-modal composite excitation high temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 can be arranged separately, but need to be installed and used at the same time; Figures 7 to 9 The structural principle shown is integrated and arranged. In order to improve the structural integration of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer 100 and simplify unnecessary repeated structures and installation and use steps, this embodiment preferably arranges the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 in an integrated manner. The integrated waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 share a set of magnetostrictive strips 300, a packaging shell and a transducer coil. The U-shaped magnetic cores of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 are vertically (orthogonally) crossed, and the crossing position is preferably located at the center of the U-shaped magnetic core. When installed and used, the U-shaped magnetic core of the waveguide transducer module 1 is parallel to the Y-axis direction, while the U-shaped magnetic core of the waveguide transducer module 2 2 is facing the X-axis direction. Figure 8The integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 shown can effectively identify defects with various directional extension changes during the inspection and monitoring process. When switched to static excitation in the Y-axis, it can effectively excite SH mode acoustic waves in flat-plate structures and is more sensitive to defects with X-axis changes. When switched to static excitation in the X-axis, it can effectively excite Lamb mode acoustic waves in flat-plate structures and is more sensitive to defects with Y-axis changes. The design of this integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 has the following advantages: during the detection process, after the magnetostrictive strip 300 is attached to the high-temperature pipeline or container, there is no need to manually use magnets to excite the static magnetic field in different directions. The U-shaped magnetic cores of the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 can be directly used to control the excitation in two cross directions. During the detection process, two sets of data can be collected at the same position, one set is the T (0, 1) modal signal similar to the SH wave vibration mode, and the other set is the L (0, 2) modal signal similar to the Lamb wave vibration mode collected after changing the excitation direction. The guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 simultaneously identify abnormalities in the signal and locate the abnormal area of ​​the pipe section. During the detection process, the transducer coil does not need to be changed, and the multi-modal guided wave composite detection function of a single device can be realized, which is convenient and efficient. During the monitoring process, the three-channel instrument can be used to control the intervals for automatic data collection. Two excitations are performed in each monitoring session: one excitation for the electromagnet excitation coil and the bottom transducer coil arranged in the Y-axis direction, and one excitation for the electromagnet excitation coil and the bottom transducer coil arranged in the X-axis direction. The data are analyzed and processed in the background terminal, thereby realizing highly sensitive identification of corrosion pit changes and crack changes in various directions during the monitoring process.

[0075] The above description mainly focuses on the design principle of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 of this embodiment. Based on the design principle of the above-mentioned integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, the specific structural design of the preferred multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 of this embodiment is described in detail.

[0076] like Figures 11 to 17 As shown, the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 includes a guided wave transducer module 1, a guided wave transducer module 2, a packaging shell 5, a cover plate 6, and a packaging base plate 7 disposed at the bottom opening of the packaging shell 5. The packaging shell 5 and the packaging base plate 7 are detachably connected by bolts or the like. A closed cavity is formed between the packaging shell 5 and the packaging base plate 7 to accommodate the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2. The guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 are both fixed to the packaging base plate 7. The guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 share a set of packaging shells 5 and packaging base plate 7. Among them:

[0077] (1) As Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the excitation module of the waveguide transducer module 1 includes a U-shaped magnetic core 11 and an excitation coil 12. The U-shaped magnetic core 11 is opened downward, and the two ends of the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are fixed to or in contact with the packaging base plate 7. The U-shaped magnetic core 11 is formed by splicing three square strip magnetic cores. Two layers of excitation coils 12 are wound on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 11 for electromagnet excitation. The excitation coil 12 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant mica, and the excitation coils 12 on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are connected in series. However, it should be noted that one column of the U-shaped magnetic core 11 adopts a clockwise winding of the excitation coil 12, and the other column adopts a counterclockwise winding of the excitation coil 12 to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the U-shaped magnetic core 11 is in the same direction. Figure 14 The cross section of the U-shaped core 11 is located in the XOZ plane (i.e. Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7 in the XOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system).

[0078] The transducer module of the guided wave transducer module 1 comprises a ceramic base 13 and a transducer coil 14 wound around the ceramic base 13. The ceramic base 13 is preferably a high-temperature resistant zirconia ceramic base. The transducer coil 14 is wound around the ceramic base 13 along its axial direction. The axial direction of the ceramic base 13 corresponds to the circumferential direction of the pipeline, that is, the axial direction of the ceramic base 13 is parallel to the Y-axis. The entire transducer module is located directly below the U-shaped magnetic core 11 and is fixed to or in contact with the package base plate 7. The transducer coil 14 is used to excite a magnetostrictive guided wave signal and can cooperate with the U-shaped magnetic core 11 to generate T(0,1) modal guided waves in the pipeline.

[0079] (2) If Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the excitation module of the waveguide transducer module 2 includes a U-shaped magnetic core 21 and an excitation coil 22. The U-shaped magnetic core 21 is opened downward and is arranged across the top of the U-shaped magnetic core 11. At the same time, the U-shaped magnetic core 11 is perpendicular to the U-shaped magnetic core 21, and the two column ends of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 are fixed or in contact with the packaging base plate 7. The U-shaped magnetic core 21 is formed by splicing three square strip magnetic cores. Two layers of excitation coils 22 are wound on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 for electromagnet excitation. The excitation coil 22 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant mica, and the excitation coils 22 on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 are connected in series. However, it should be noted that one column of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 adopts a clockwise winding of the excitation coil 22, and the other column adopts a counterclockwise winding of the excitation coil 22 to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the U-shaped magnetic core 21 is in the same direction. Figure 15 The cross section of the U-shaped core 21 is located in the YOZ plane (i.e. Figure 1 、 Figure 4and Figure 7 The YOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system.

[0080] The transducer module of the waveguide transducer module 2 is the same as that of the waveguide transducer module 1. Figure 15 As shown, a through slot 133 extending along the X-axis is defined near the top of ceramic base 13. A pure iron sheet is placed within slot 133 to shield the dynamic magnetic field generated by the upper portion of transducer coil 14 on ceramic base 13. In practical applications, only the dynamic magnetic field of the bottom portion of transducer coil 14 is required to generate the magnetostrictive effect and generate guided waves of the corresponding mode. Transducer coil 14 is used to excite a magnetostrictive guided wave signal, which, in conjunction with U-shaped magnetic core 21, generates L(0, 2) modal guided waves in the pipeline.

[0081] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, in order to reinforce the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 in the package shell 5, a cover plate 6 is also provided on the top of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 to compress the orthogonal U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11. Figure 20 to Figure 22 As shown, the cover plate 6 can be fixed to the inner wall of the packaging shell 5, and the tops of the orthogonal U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 11 are embedded in the cover plate 6, so that the cover plate 6 can effectively press and fix the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 11.

[0082] like Figure 14 As shown, the outer wall of the ceramic base 13 is provided with a groove 131 for winding the transducer coil 14. Figure 15 As shown, each groove 131 is connected by a connecting channel 132 . After the connecting channels 132 are connected in reverse series with the wires in adjacent grooves 131 , the connecting connector can still be kept in the groove 131 as a whole.

[0083] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, a gap 15 is reserved between the packaging shell 5 and the U-shaped magnetic core 2 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 11. The gap 15 is mainly used for the wiring lead-out of the excitation coil 1 12 and the excitation coil 2 22, and the wiring lead-out of the bottom transducer coil 14 in the ceramic base 13. The final wiring is led out from the top hole of the packaging shell 5 and connected to the instrument.

[0084] Given that the temperature range of the current high-temperature resistant magnetostrictive transducers is between room temperature and 325 degrees Celsius, there is still little research on high-temperature magnetostrictive transducers, especially magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers between 325 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius. In view of the high temperature environment of 325 degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius and the structure of the aforementioned multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, the transducer module is involved as Figure 27 As shown in the structure. Figure 27 The transducer module shown is mainly aimed at the aforementioned SH wave or Lamb wave, switching it from a fixed frequency output to a multi-frequency controllable output, thereby further improving the sensitivity of detecting or monitoring defects. Because the sound waves output at different frequencies generate different wavelengths in a certain fixed material detection object, the sensitivity to the interaction of defects of different sizes is different. When the wavelength is too large and the defect size is too small, exceeding the critical value, the defect cannot be detected at all. Therefore, it is necessary to use other different frequencies for supplementary detection to ensure the safe operation of special equipment. In conventional engineering inspections, when a transducer with a certain central fixed frequency is not sensitive enough to a certain type of defect, the detection transducer will be manually replaced. Replacing the transducer means that the parameters of the corresponding working conditions need to be readjusted, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has low efficiency. Therefore, the transducer module of this solution adopts the following method: Figure 27 The structure shown integrates transducer coils with different center frequencies in the same center position, and realizes multiple frequency control of the same transducer structure through the lead-out interface. Figure 27 As shown, the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13 are provided with grooves 131 for winding a higher center frequency transducer coil 141. The upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13 are both fixed with a snap-on holding device 8. The snap-on holding device 8 includes a plate surface and four protruding feet 81 located at the four corners of the plate surface. The four protruding feet 81 are perpendicular to the plate surface so that a cavity is formed between the four protruding feet 81 and the plate surface. The snap-on holding device 8 is sheathed on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13 using the cavity and is interference fit with the ceramic base 13 through the protruding feet 81, thereby achieving fixation of the snap-on holding device 8 to the ceramic base 13. The aforementioned higher center frequency transducer coil 141 is located in the interlayer between the snap-on holding device 8 and the ceramic base 13. The surface of the snap-on holding device 8 also has grooves for winding a lower center frequency transducer coil 142. The lower center frequency transducer coil 142 is located on the outer layer of the higher center frequency transducer coil 141. The thickness of the plate surface and the protruding feet of the buckle holding device 8 is uniform and consistent, preferably 2mm to 3mm, which is consistent with the lifting distance between the transducer coil and the detection object in the magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, and can meet the detection signal strength. The winding method of the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 is as follows: Figure 28As shown, the transducer coil mode is mainly aimed at pipes with a surface temperature of less than 500 degrees Celsius at the construction site. Conventional PCB coils can only withstand temperatures within 300 degrees Celsius. For pipes with a temperature between 300 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius, the coils are easily damaged and burned, and cannot work effectively for a long time. Especially for long-term monitoring, it is of great significance to adopt a high-temperature resistant coil structure and be able to effectively wind and splice it into a zigzag coil mode. Therefore, the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 of this scheme are preferably made of high-temperature resistant mica coils. Combined with the zirconia ceramic material of the ceramic base 13, the transducer structure and the entire transducer can withstand a high temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. The lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 are both in the form of hand-wound zigzag coils, that is, a coil with a corresponding number of turns set in advance is wound in each independent groove, and then the wiring of the coils wound in each independent groove is reversed, as shown in FIG. Figure 28 As shown in the lower left corner, the arrows represent the changing direction of the current flowing in different slots. In this way, an effective meander coil transducer structure can be generated under the ceramic base 13. The relationship between the spacing between the centers of each groove and the frequency is expressed as follows:

[0085]

[0086] in, Indicates the adjacent spacing between groove centers, also known as turn spacing, is the wavelength of the coil, is the phase velocity, The center frequency of the designed coil is fixed. After the detection object is fixed, the turn spacing can control the output of the fixed center frequency waveguide.

[0087] The transducer structure, featuring an integrated arrangement of high-temperature, hand-wound zigzag coils for the two frequency bands, employs an inner and outer coil arrangement, with the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 wound on the outermost portion and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 wound on the innermost base. This allows for simultaneous inspection of pipe sections at varying distances, eliminating the need for redundant transducer disassembly and assembly. This transducer structure achieves a multi-frequency output design. After screening for localized problem sections using the outer, lower center frequency transducer coil 142, the inner, higher center frequency transducer coil 141 can be used for further, more detailed screening. In practical applications, four monitoring methods can be employed: external coil excitation, internal coil reception, simultaneous external coil self-excitation and self-reception, internal coil self-excitation and self-reception, and internal coil excitation and external coil reception, providing a comprehensive assessment of pipeline safety. The transducer coil 14, consisting of the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141, can withstand a lift-off of 2mm to 3mm, demonstrating its viability.

[0088] In some embodiments, considering that both the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are composed of square bar magnetic cores, if the excitation coil is directly wound on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11, the excitation coil will have a certain angle at the four edges of the magnetic core. In a high temperature environment of 500 degrees Celsius for a long time, even if the excitation coil is a mica coil, it will become brittle. At this time, it is easy to expose the wire, which will produce adverse effects during continuous tightening and wear. Therefore, Figure 29 As shown, a cup-shaped sleeve 9 is designed to embrace the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core. Preferably, the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 are both equipped with cup-shaped sleeves 9, and the excitation coil 12 and the excitation coil 22 are both wound on the outer ring of the cup-shaped sleeve 9. The cup-shaped sleeve 9 is made of zirconia ceramic material, which has a certain heat insulation effect. It can greatly reduce the temperature of the entire mica excitation coil and maintain the flexibility of the excitation coil in a high temperature environment for a long time. Even if there is some wear and tear on the corners of the excitation coil and the magnetic core, it can still ensure safe operation for a long time. The final winding structure of the excitation coil is as follows Figure 30 shown.

[0089] The acoustic wave mechanism of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 of this embodiment will be specifically described below, taking the example of winding the excitation coil 22 and the excitation coil 12 around the outside of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11, respectively (there is no high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 in the excitation structure).

[0090] like Figure 18 As shown, here we analyze in detail the acoustic wave mechanism located in the YOZ plane (i.e. Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7 The reason for the waveguide generation is the interaction between the electromagnetic excitation structure (in the YOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system) and the zigzag coil at the bottom of the ceramic base 13. First, the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 are enclosed by the cup-shaped sleeve 9. The excitation coil 22 wrapped around the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 is connected in series and a direct current is passed through it. This can form a static bias magnetic field in the internal space of the magnetic core and the magnetostrictive strip 300 as shown by the arrow. When an alternating magnetic field is applied to the material, that is, Figure 18 As shown in the figure, the three groups of zigzag coils have opposite directions of current in adjacent coils, so the spatial dynamic magnetic field rotates in opposite directions. The direction of the magnetic field disturbance formed in the magnetostrictive strip 300 is mainly concentrated in the X-axis direction. Since the tiny ellipsoidal magnets constituting the material will flip back and forth with the change of the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field, the change of the direction of these tiny magnetic bodies manifests as a macroscopic strain, thus forming a magnetostrictive torsional force in the strip area between the adjacent conductors of the zigzag coil. The direction is shown in the figure. The magnetostrictive torsional forces in adjacent areas are opposite, thus satisfying the generation conditions of T-mode guided waves. The guided wave transmission direction is as shown in the figure. Figure 18 Marked.

[0091] This bidirectional magnetomechanical coupling can also produce an inverse effect, that is, the stress acting on the magnetostrictive strip 300 can change the magnetic state of the material itself by adjusting the direction of these tiny magnets. The change in the magnetic state will cut the dynamic coil and generate an echo voltage signal.

[0092] like Figure 19 As shown, here we analyze in detail the acoustic wave mechanism located in the XOZ plane (i.e. Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7 The reason why the guided wave is generated by the magnetic field between the electromagnetic excitation structure (XOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system) and the zigzag coil at the bottom of the ceramic base 13 is that the electromagnetic excitation structure generates the guided wave. First, the cup-shaped sleeve 9 is placed outside the two uprights of the U-shaped magnetic core 11. The excitation coil 12 wrapped around the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 is connected in series and a direct current is passed through it. Figure 19 The spatial magnetic field in the direction of the arrow shown will provide a stable static bias magnetic field in the -X direction in the magnetostrictive strip 300. This magnetic field will cause the "tiny ellipsoidal magnets" inside the material to initially face the -X axis as a whole. After the alternating current of the corresponding periodic pulse signal is passed through the four channel zigzag coils at the bottom of the ceramic base 13, adjacent coils will generate spatial dynamic magnetic fields with different rotation directions. This magnetic field causes the "tiny ellipsoidal magnets" in the magnetostrictive strip 300 to twist instantaneously or not change direction, thereby generating magnetostrictive compression / relaxation tension in the adjacent coil areas, where the relaxation tension is in the left and right areas, and the compression force is in the middle area. Driven by this strain, L-mode acoustic waves can be formed in the pipeline, and the direction of acoustic wave transmission is as shown in FIG. Figure 19 The middle arrow indicates.

[0093] like Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown in the top cross-sectional view of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, the two groups of columns of the orthogonal electromagnet core structure can be clearly seen, including the ceramic base 13 in the middle area for generating a dynamic magnetic field. This structure clearly shows the innovation of the transducer: that is, using a set of transducer coils and two sets of orthogonal U-shaped cores to integrate the three groups of structures into one transducer, it can generate guided waves of different modes. Figure 24For the elliptical and sawtooth corrosion pits shown, the T (0, 1) modal acoustic wave is more sensitive to corrosion pits that extend and change along the axial direction of the pipeline, while the L (0, 2) modal acoustic wave is more sensitive to corrosion pits that extend and change along the circumferential direction of the pipeline. This multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 can be installed once and, during inspection or monitoring, use two excitations to detect corrosion pits with various corrosion trends in different directions, saving costs and improving inspection efficiency. In a multi-array transducer, multiple groups of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 arranged along the circumference of the pipeline will significantly reduce the number of arrays required to control different modal excitations by half. Only a circle of array transducers needs to be arranged according to the pipe diameter. This can detect and monitor multiple types of corrosion defects with various directions, which is of great significance for monitoring, reducing the maintenance difficulties of a large number of array transducers during monitoring.

[0094] The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 is generally connected to an external monitor when in use, so as to obtain and store detection signals of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 in real time.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] This embodiment provides a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer 100. The difference between the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer 100 and the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer 100 in Example 1 is that the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 adopt a split structure design, and the waveguide transducer module 1 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 respectively have independent packaging shells 5 and transducer structures. When the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 in Example 1 are arranged on the same magnetostrictive strip 300, this separately arranged multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 can achieve switching excitation between the two modes to a certain extent. However, in actual instrument configuration, this transducer structure often requires manual switching interfaces to ensure changes in the direction of the electromagnet excitation magnetic field, thereby generating different excitation principles, which are more suitable for detection directions. From the perspective of special equipment monitoring, this presents certain difficulties. In actual monitoring, it is impossible to repeatedly switch channels, which means that one channel may be idle. In addition, the magnetic cores of the two types of electromagnets are relatively close to each other. When one electromagnet is excited, a magnetizing effect may be generated on the other electromagnet. In this case, the stable bias magnetic field provided in the magnetostrictive strip 300 may be multi-directional, resulting in a less pure guided wave mode.

[0097] In order to further improve the detection effect, not only for detection but also for monitoring, a tile-shaped magnetostrictive strip 300 separation structure is proposed: Figure 10As shown, the strip is divided into several sections and laid on the monitoring test piece. The U-shaped magnetic cores of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 are separated and placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300. The U-shaped magnetic cores of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 are connected in series through the excitation coils between each other to form a whole. The transducer coil for exciting the sound wave is taken as an example of a zigzag coil, with the same direction, according to Figure 10 The positional relationship is placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300. The transducer coils of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 2 can be connected in series or independently controlled. When independently controlled, it means that there are three excitation and receiving modes. The first is the self-excitation and self-receiving of the transducer coil of the SH wave mode output, the second is the self-excitation and self-receiving of the transducer coil of the Lamb wave mode output, and the third is the mutual excitation and reception of the SH wave mode coil and the Lamb wave mode coil. The excitation end and the receiving end are interchangeable. Compared with the first two modes, the device Figures 7 to 9 , which can excite purer modes. Because the U-shaped cores of waveguide transducer module 1 and waveguide transducer module 2 are spaced far apart, the interference between the magnetic fields is very weak. Even if interference exists, due to the different spacing between the magnetostrictive strips 300, the two electromagnet structures are located at different strip positions and cannot effectively affect the bias magnetic field in the area where the current self-excited and self-collected coil is located. In the third method mentioned above, when the two coils are one exciting and one collecting, due to the different types of sound waves, one type of sound wave will undergo a certain modal conversion after interaction and reflection at the defect. At this time, this method can further detect a certain type of small-sized defects with a more obvious modal conversion effect, thereby compensating for the insufficient detection sensitivity of the first two methods and further expanding the range of detectable defect types and sizes.

[0098] In the monitoring approach, there are two types of incentive methods:

[0099] The first type adopts a one-incentive-one-receive approach. Figure 10 The two transducer coils placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300 are connected in series, and a similar coil is overlapped above any one of the two types of coils. The coil is used as a signal receiving end. Figure 10 Above the coil overlap portion of the U-shaped magnetic core of the guided wave transducer module 2, the excitation end excites the SH wave (pipe T (0, 1)) and the Lamb wave (pipe L (0, 2)), and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected SH wave (pipe T (0, 1)); if placed Figure 10 Above the overlapping part of the coil of the U-shaped magnetic core of the waveguide transducer module 1, the excitation end excites the SH wave (pipe T (0, 1)) and the Lamb wave (pipe L (0, 2)), and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected Lamb wave (pipe L (0, 2)); Figure 7Compared with the integrated structure shown in the figure, this method can truly realize multi-modal guided wave monitoring without idle channels. After the two types of acoustic waves at the excitation end interact with the defect, the excitation end excites SH waves (pipeline T (0, 1)) and Lamb waves (pipeline L (0, 2)), and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected SH waves (pipeline T (0, 1)). This monitoring process mainly considers that after the SH waves (pipeline T (0, 1)) generated by the excitation interact with the defect, there is a small amount of mode conversion, and more reflected waves are still in the SH wave mode (pipeline T (0, 1)). The Lamb wave (pipeline L (0, 2)) generated by the excitation interacts with the defect, and part of the mode is converted into the SH wave (pipeline T (0, 1)). After the two parts of the SH wave (pipeline T (0, 1)) are synthesized, the energy is enhanced. The receiving coil at the receiving end can further improve the conversion efficiency, and fully realize the effective monitoring of defects by multi-modal sound waves. Similarly, the excitation end excites the SH wave (pipeline T (0, 1)) and the Lamb wave (pipeline L (0, 2)), and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected Lamb wave (pipeline L (0, 2)). It will not be repeated here.

[0100] The second type is that the transducer coils of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 can be connected in series, and the transducer coils in the same direction on the adjacent and different magnetostrictive strips 300 at the bottom are also connected in series to achieve overall self-excitation and self-reception. After the signal is collected, it is post-processed. The advantage of this monitoring method is that the excitation end generates pure SH wave mode (pipe T (0, 1)) and Lamb wave (pipe L (0, 2)) mode, and the receiving end can receive the SH wave mode (pipe T (0, 1)) and Lamb wave (pipe L (0, 2)) mode at one time. This method has a high degree of recognition and sensitivity for defects in different directions, because SH waves (pipeline T (0, 1)) are more sensitive to defects in the axial direction of the pipeline, while Lamb waves (pipeline L (0, 2)) are more sensitive to defects distributed in the circumferential direction of the pipeline. This monitoring method can not only generate two pure modes, but also the receiving end can receive two types of modal sound waves reflected from the defect with different sensitivities in different directions. It is very suitable for effective monitoring of defects of different types, directions and sizes over a wide range of distances.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment proposes a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100. Compared with the excitation method of Example 2 in which the excitation coil is wound around the outside of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11, the excitation coil is replaced with a high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10, so that the excitation structure forms a permanent magnet excitation structure. Specifically, Figure 31As shown, the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are both equipped with a cup-shaped sleeve 9, and a high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 is set outside the cup-shaped sleeve 9. Taking the U-shaped magnetic core 11 as an example, the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are inserted into the cup-shaped sleeve 9. This structure uses the U-shaped magnetic core 11 with a 1J22 soft magnetic alloy electromagnet with a higher Curie point temperature as the magnetic conductive component, and arranges two high-temperature resistant magnet structures 10 on both sides of the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 close to each other, and the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures 10 has opposite polarities, and the bottom of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 is in contact with the cup-shaped sleeve 9, and is not directly in contact with the high-temperature monitoring object (i.e., the high-temperature magnetostrictive strip 300). This can greatly reduce the steady-state temperature of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10, so that the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 can maintain its magnetism for a long time. On this basis, long-term monitoring of the permanent magnet excitation structure in a high-temperature environment pipeline can be achieved, and compared with the channel of winding the excitation coil outside the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 11, the energy output can be reduced.

[0103] In addition, in the excitation structure, the excitation coil and the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 can be retained at the same time. The high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 provides a pre-magnetic field, and the excitation coil further applies a magnetic field on this basis, which can ensure that the magnetic field in the magnetostrictive strip 300 is more stable. At the same time, it also reduces the inconvenience of disassembly and assembly of the transducer after problems with the excitation occur, thereby doubly ensuring the output of the static magnetic field.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] This embodiment provides a guided wave detection system 400, which includes multiple multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. Figure 33As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of a waveguide detection system 400 that simultaneously includes multiple multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 of Example 1. The multiple multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 of the waveguide detection system 400 are arranged in a circular array. A circle of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 uniformly spaced circumferentially around the pipeline 200 is defined as a transducer circumferential array. The waveguide detection system 400 can simultaneously include multiple transducer circumferential arrays, and the multiple transducer circumferential arrays are spaced apart along the axial direction of the pipeline 200. In each transducer circular array, any two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 are connected by a set of hinges 500. The hinges 500 generally include a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a pin. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively fixed to the packaging housing 5 of the two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100. Pin holes are respectively provided at the mutually adjacent ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. By simultaneously inserting the pin into the pin holes of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod can be connected, thereby realizing the connection between the two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100. At the same time, the pin is detachable, making it very convenient to disassemble and assemble the two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100. In addition, the pin and the pin hole are movably matched, so that the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are hinged, thereby enabling the two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 to move relative to each other, thereby improving flexibility.

[0106] The guided wave detection system 400 is essentially an integrated structure of a multi-element, multi-modal, composite-excitation, high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer. Considering the limitations of relying solely on the heat-resistant properties of structural components to maintain the required stability during long-term, extreme-temperature monitoring, the multi-modal, composite-excitation, high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 presents certain drawbacks. Therefore, water / oil circulation cooling is employed to partially cool components exposed to harsh environments, enabling the guided wave detection system 400 to maintain good performance during extended monitoring. Conventional cooling methods are generally integrated with sensors, that is, for a certain type of pipe with a fixed size range, the magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer used has certain requirements for the overall basic size and degree of hugging curvature. The same is true for the cooling system involved, which is wrapped around the entire transducer. Therefore, it has poor adaptability to pipes of uncertain sizes ranging from small curvature to large curvature. In order to meet the cooling requirements of multi-array magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers that can adapt to pipes with different curvatures, this embodiment preferably adopts a detachable, serpentine structure cooling elbow 600. The serpentine structure cooling elbow 600 is as follows: Figure 33 and Figure 35As shown, the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 of any two adjacent transducer circumferential arrays are aligned one by one, thereby forming multiple rows of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 on the periphery of the pipeline 200. Any row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the pipeline 200. The serpentine structure cooling elbow 600 is preferably a hose with a certain flexibility. After the serpentine structure cooling elbow 600 passes through all the packaging shells 5 of a row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100, it is bent once, and after passing through a row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100, the serpentine structure cooling elbow 600 is bent in the opposite direction, that is, the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite; after the serpentine structure cooling elbow 600 passes through each row of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers 100 in sequence, it forms Figure 33 The serpentine structure shown. The use of a serpentine cooling elbow 600 allows a single cooling elbow to penetrate all multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 within the guided wave detection system 400, resulting in a simple structure and easy adjustment. A pair of sidewalls of the package 5 of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 are provided with through-holes parallel to the axial direction of the pipe 200. These through-holes allow the serpentine cooling elbow 600 to pass through. After passing through the package 5, the serpentine cooling elbow 600 avoids the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2, 2, and does not affect the functions of the guided wave transducer modules 1 and 2.

[0107] During use, the inlet end 601 of the serpentine cooling elbow 600 is connected to a water / oil supply device, enabling water / oil to circulate within the serpentine cooling elbow 600 to cool each multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100. The water / oil flowing through all multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 is ultimately discharged at the outlet end 602 of the serpentine cooling elbow 600. By continuously supplying water / oil to the inlet end 601 of the serpentine cooling elbow 600, circulatory cooling of each multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 is achieved.

[0108] The above-mentioned guided wave detection system 400, based on the annular array arrangement of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100, can flexibly increase or decrease the number of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 in each transducer circular array to adapt to pipes 200 of different diameters. Figure 33 As shown, the guided wave detection system 400 has two circular arrays, with a total of 64 array elements (array elements are multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100) integrated, which can achieve a maximum range of 820mm.

[0109] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. depicted in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose of the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0110] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first waveguide transducer module and a second waveguide transducer module, wherein the first waveguide transducer module can excite the SH wave mode on the flat plate and the T (0, 1) mode on the pipe to detect the first defect whose length dimension is extended along the axial direction of the pipe, and the second waveguide transducer module can excite the Lamb wave mode on the flat plate and the L (0, 2) mode on the pipe to detect the second defect whose length dimension is extended along the circumferential direction of the pipe; the first waveguide transducer module and the second waveguide transducer module each comprise an excitation module and a transducer module, the excitation module being an electromagnet excitation module, and the transducer module comprising a ceramic base and a transducer coil, the transducer coil being wound on the ceramic base with the axial direction of the ceramic base as the axis; In the guided wave transducer module 1, the electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped magnetic core 1 and an excitation coil 1, and the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1 are each wound with an excitation coil 1 for electromagnet excitation, the excitation coils 1 on the two pillars are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 1 on the two pillars are opposite; the ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped magnetic core 1, and the axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1; In the second waveguide transducer module: the electromagnet excitation module includes a second U-shaped magnetic core and a second excitation coil, and the two pillars of the second U-shaped magnetic core are each wound with a second excitation coil for electromagnet excitation, the two excitation coils on the two pillars are connected in series, and the winding directions of the two excitation coils on the two pillars are opposite; the ceramic base is arranged directly below the second U-shaped magnetic core, and the axial direction of the ceramic base is perpendicular to the second U-shaped magnetic core.

2. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first waveguide transducer module and the second waveguide transducer module are arranged in an integrated manner; the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer further includes a packaging shell and a packaging base plate arranged at the bottom opening of the packaging shell, the first U-shaped magnetic core and the second U-shaped magnetic core are both arranged in the packaging shell, and the two ends of the columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core are fixed to or in contact with the packaging base plate, the second U-shaped magnetic core is arranged across the top of the first U-shaped magnetic core and is orthogonal to the first U-shaped magnetic core, and the two ends of the columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core are fixed to or in contact with the packaging base plate; The waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 share a set of transducer modules. The ceramic base of the transducer module is arranged on the packaging bottom plate and is located directly below the U-shaped magnetic core 1. The axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 1.

3. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 are arranged separately, and the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 respectively have independent packaging shells, the excitation module and the transducer module of the waveguide transducer module 1 are fixed in the packaging shell of the waveguide transducer module 1, and the excitation module and the transducer module of the waveguide transducer module 2 are fixed in the packaging shell of the waveguide transducer module 2; the excitation coil 1 of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the excitation coil 2 of the waveguide transducer module 2 are connected in series.

4. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The U-shaped magnetic core 1 of the waveguide transducer module 1 and the U-shaped magnetic core 2 of the waveguide transducer module 2 are respectively used to be arranged on two magnetostrictive strips arranged at intervals.

5. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The excitation module adopts a permanent magnet excitation module to replace the electromagnet excitation module; In the first guided wave transducer module, the permanent magnet excitation module includes the first U-shaped magnetic core and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures, the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite; In the waveguide transducer module 2: the permanent magnet excitation module includes the U-shaped magnetic core 2 and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures, the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 2, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite.

6. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 1 and the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 2 are both covered with a cup-shaped sleeve; the excitation coil or the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve.

7. The multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The transducer coil includes an inner transducer coil and an outer transducer coil, and a snap-on holding device is further provided on the periphery of the ceramic base; the inner transducer coil is wound around the periphery of the ceramic base, and the inner transducer coil is located on the inner circle of the snap-on holding device; the outer transducer coil is wound around the periphery of the snap-on holding device; the center frequency of the outer transducer coil is lower than the center frequency of the inner transducer coil; The inner transducer coil and the outer transducer coil are both hand-wound zigzag coils.

8. A guided wave detection system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of transducer circumferential arrays arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline, wherein any of the transducer circumferential arrays comprises a plurality of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and any two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are movably connected by a hinge.

9. The guided wave detection system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pipeline also includes a serpentine cooling bend; the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers of any two adjacent transducer circumferential arrays are aligned one by one to form multiple rows of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers on the outer circumference of the pipeline, and the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers in any row are arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline; the serpentine cooling bend sequentially penetrates each row of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers, and the serpentine cooling bend is bent once after penetrating all the packaging shells of a row of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers, and the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite.

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