Geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large-fall groove

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for a large-fall trench, and the system comprises a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices which are disposed on the trench in the extension direction of the trench at intervals of a first preset distance. Each dynamic monitoring device comprises a sliding rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module; the slide rail module is laid on a bedrock surface of a preset geological zone of the groove; the sliding monitoring module is in sliding connection with the sliding rail module and is used for sliding along the sliding rail module under the action of disaster external force and monitoring geological disaster information in the sliding process; one end of the reset module is connected with the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed at a preset position of the sliding rail module, and is used for driving the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears. When the sliding monitoring module is impacted by external force of disasters, under the synergistic effect of the guiding function of the sliding rail module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module, impact energy is released through controllable displacement, and the sliding monitoring module is prevented from toppling over and being damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster monitoring, and in particular relates to a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches. Background Art

[0002] In the high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, the combination of perennial snow cover and extreme day-night temperature differences causes intense freeze-thaw cycles and glacial erosion, which accelerates the weathering and fragmentation of rock masses, significantly weakens the stability of slopes, and is very likely to trigger complex geological disasters such as glacial debris flows, mud-rock flows, collapses, and rolling stones. In particular, in deep trench terrains with a vertical height difference of more than 1,000 meters and a slope greater than 45°, the water collection effect is significant. When encountering continuous heavy rainfall or blizzards, it is very easy to induce geological disasters and form large-scale debris accumulations at the trench exit, endangering the safety of pedestrians at the trench entrance.

[0003] At present, the monitoring devices for landslide disasters in plateau and cold mountainous areas mainly install sensors that detect changes in different data (such as GNSS, inclination sensors or accelerometers) at different positions on the slope, collect displacement, inclination and vibration data independently, and then transmit them manually or remotely to the central station for integrated processing.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, the deployment location of the monitoring device often fails to accurately cover the key areas where disasters breed, making it difficult to capture the early characteristic signals of disaster evolution, and the warning timeliness and accuracy are insufficient. At the same time, the multi-source sensor system lacks an intelligent coordination mechanism, and has significant defects under the influence of strong dynamic disasters such as debris flows and avalanches: on the one hand, the sensor is prone to unexpected displacement beyond the design threshold, causing the monitoring area to be off-target and destroying data continuity; on the other hand, equipment tipping or mechanical damage will cause sensor function failure, requiring frequent manual intervention and maintenance, which not only greatly increases operation and maintenance costs, but also seriously restricts the sustainable operation of the monitoring device. This technical bottleneck of improper location selection, insufficient system coordination, and weak damage resistance has seriously weakened the actual effectiveness of the monitoring device. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches.

[0006] The present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for a large drop groove, comprising a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, wherein the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged on the groove along the groove extension direction and at intervals of a first preset distance;

[0007] Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a slide monitoring module and a reset module;

[0008] The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove;

[0009] The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is configured to slide along the slide rail module under the action of disaster external forces and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process;

[0010] One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed at a preset position of the slide rail module, and is configured to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the disaster external forces disappear.

[0011] Preferably, the sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a support unit connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units;

[0012] The sliding unit is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is configured to carry the support unit and drive the support unit to slide along the slide rail module under the action of disaster external forces;

[0013] The plurality of monitoring units are all fixedly connected to the support unit, and are respectively configured to monitor different geological disaster information of the support unit during the sliding process.

[0014] Preferably, the support unit includes a straightening sub-unit and a multi-section articulated column sub-unit;

[0015] The multi-section articulated column sub-unit is connected to the sliding unit, and is configured to fold under the action of disaster external forces to prevent the column sub-unit from breaking;

[0016] The plurality of monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column sub-units;

[0017] The straightening sub-unit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column sub-units, and is configured to make the folded multi-section column sub-units return to the upright state when the disaster external forces are withdrawn.

[0018] Preferably, the slide rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit, and a hollow groove unit with an opening facing the sky;

[0019] The hollow groove unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench, and both the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are arranged inside the hollow groove unit;

[0020] The guide rail unit is slidably connected to the sliding unit, and is configured to guide the sliding unit to slide inside the hollow groove unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit;

[0021] The top cover unit covers the opening and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit, and is configured to always cover the opening when the sliding unit drives the support unit to slide.

[0022] Preferably, the reset module includes a limiting unit and an elastic unit with one end connected to the limiting unit;

[0023] The limiting unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit and is used to limit the telescopic range of the elastic unit;

[0024] The other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to drive the sliding unit to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears.

[0025] Preferably, the reset module further includes a guiding unit;

[0026] The limiting unit is provided with a through hole;

[0027] The guiding unit axially penetrates inside the elastic unit, and one end of the guiding unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, and is used to guide the elastic unit to expand and contract along the extending direction of the guiding unit.

[0028] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches further includes a plurality of stabilizing devices and a plurality of pressure monitoring modules;

[0029] Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices;

[0030] The plurality of pressure monitoring modules are fixed on any one of the stabilizing devices and are used to monitor geological disasters according to pressure signals.

[0031] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches further includes a vibration monitoring module and a temperature and humidity monitoring module;

[0032] The vibration monitoring module is arranged on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and is at a second preset distance from the stabilizing device located at the uppermost reaches of the trench, and is used to monitor geological disasters according to vibration signals;

[0033] The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any one of the stabilizing devices and is used to monitor geological disasters according to temperature and humidity data;

[0034] The surfaces of the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the monitoring unit are all provided with protective covers.

[0035] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches further includes a meteorological monitoring module;

[0036] The meteorological monitoring module is arranged on the slope on any side of the trench, and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module, and temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively, and is used to monitor geological disasters according to meteorological data, and conduct geological disaster assessment according to the monitoring results of at least two of the sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module, and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) In this application, the sliding direction of the sliding monitoring module is restricted by the slide rail module and lateral interference is filtered, and the reset module forces the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after each external force, so as to prevent the sliding monitoring module from exceeding the monitoring range due to uncontrollable displacement and affecting the next disaster monitoring;

[0039] (2) In this application, by connecting the reset module to the sliding monitoring module, a dual anti-tipping protection mechanism is constructed: in the normal monitoring scenario without disaster external forces, the pre-tightening force of the reset module can effectively maintain the vertical stability of the monitoring unit and prevent the sliding monitoring module from slowly tipping due to geological micro-deformation or other normal natural phenomena; when encountering sudden disaster external forces such as debris flow and avalanche, the guiding function of the slide rail module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module work together to release the impact energy through controllable displacement, preventing the sliding monitoring module from tipping and being damaged;

[0040] (3) In this application, by fixing multiple monitoring units on the support unit of the sliding monitoring module, using the support unit to carry and transmit the displacement trajectory, the different displacement data collected by the multiple monitoring units are correlated and analyzed under the unified space-time reference, eliminating the space-time deviation caused by the independent installation of the multiple monitoring units. And this application realizes the full-scale monitoring from millimeter-level micro-deformation to meter-level sliding through multi-data collaborative monitoring and data fusion, breaking through the limitations of single-parameter independent monitoring;

[0041] (4) In this application, the bedrock surface of the transition zone of the trench accumulation is selected as the layout location, and a disaster monitoring system is constructed by using the geographical features of the high-altitude bedrock surface, gentle slope and shallow accumulation in this area, which can effectively monitor the real-time situation of natural disasters such as avalanche, debris flow and rolling stones in steep valleys, solves the problems of high survey cost and lagging disaster response of traditional layout methods, and realizes the early warning and real-time capture of typical disasters in steep trenches;

[0042] (5) In this application, by designing a multi-jointed column sub-unit, the support unit can be folded under the action of disaster external forces and automatically return to the upright state through the straightening sub-unit after the disaster external forces are withdrawn, avoiding the fracture of the column sub-unit and ensuring the attitude return of the monitoring unit while taking into account the structural safety and data reliability;

[0043] (6) In this application, through the combined design of the empty slot unit of the sliding rail module and the top cover unit, the empty slot unit is embedded with a guide rail unit to guide the directional movement of the sliding monitoring module. The top cover unit covers the opening of the empty slot unit and moves synchronously with the support unit, blocking external deposits from invading the inside of the empty slot unit and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the guide rail unit and the sliding unit;

[0044] (7) In this application, by adding a guiding unit to penetrate inside the elastic unit in the reset module, the elastic unit is constrained to expand and contract only along the axial direction of the guide rail, eliminating the trajectory deviation caused by the lateral bending of the spring during the reset process, and improving the directional accuracy and stability of the reset of the sliding monitoring module;

[0045] (8) In this application, by adding a stabilizing device arranged between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices, and installing a pressure monitoring module, a temperature and humidity monitoring module, and a vibration monitoring module on multiple stabilizing devices, a monitoring network is formed, the monitoring coverage density is expanded, the irregular terrain features are adapted, and the spatial analysis ability of the disaster evolution process is enhanced;

[0046] (9) In this application, by integrating the sliding monitoring module, the pressure monitoring module, the temperature and humidity monitoring module, and the vibration monitoring module, the real-time summary and cross-verification of multi-source disaster parameters are realized, a full-dimensional disaster warning model is constructed, and the decision-making reliability is improved;

[0047] (10) In this application, by setting up a meteorological monitoring module on the slope to summarize multi-source data, the three-dimensional monitoring and remote transmission of disaster parameters are realized, the risk of data lag in manual inspections is avoided, and the all-weather operation of the monitoring system in extreme environments is ensured. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0048] Figure 1 is the front view of the device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 is the overall structure diagram of the reset module in Embodiment 1;

[0050] Figure 3 is the overall structure diagram of the support unit, the sliding unit and the reset module in Embodiment 1;

[0051] Figure 4 is the connection schematic diagram of the pulley and the U-shaped guide rail in Embodiment 1;

[0052] Figure 5 is the position schematic diagram of the front-end limiting plate of the spring in Embodiment 1;

[0053] Figure 6 is the connection relationship schematic diagram of the stable monitoring device and the dynamic monitoring device in Embodiment 1;

[0054] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the pressure monitoring module and the vibration monitoring module in Embodiment 1;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing method of the pressure monitoring module in Embodiment 1;

[0056] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing method of the vibration monitoring module in Embodiment 1;

[0057] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the meteorological monitoring module;

[0058] In the figure, 1 is the bedrock surface of the trench accumulation transition zone; 101 is the first fixed expansion screw; 2 is the left slope; 3 is the right slope; 4 is the rectangular groove; 5 is the support unit; 500 is the lightning rod; 501 is the GNSS protective cover; 502 is the rectangular pipe body; 503 is the second hanging ring; 504 is the double-headed spring hook; 505 is the first hanging ring; 506 is the rotary joint; 507 is the connecting screw; 508 is the first tightening screw; 6 is the horizontal support square pipe; 600 is the skateboard support base; 601 is the return spring; 602 is the spring guide tube; 603 is the spring end limit plate; 604 is the U-shaped guide rail; 605 is the pulley support side plate; 606 is the pulley; 607 is the connecting bolt; 608 is the fixing screw; 609 is the spring front limit plate; 7 is the pressure sensor; 701 is the pressure sensor protective cover; 702 is the first chemical bolt; 703 is the second tightening screw; 704 is the pressure sensor wire passing hole; 8 is the soil temperature and humidity sensor; 9 is the wire passing pipe; 10 is the vibration sensor; 1001 is the vibration sensor protective cover; 1002 is the second fixed expansion screw; 1003 is the second chemical bolt; 11 is the boulder; 12 is the hollow square pipe; 13 is the protective cover; 14 is the backfill soil; 15 is the concrete; 16 is the meteorological monitoring module; 1601 is the vertical rod; 1602 is the rain gauge; 1603 is the anemometer; 1604 is the multi-functional louver box; 1605 is the supplementary light power supply system; 1606 is the supplementary light; 1607 is the camera; 1608 is the power supply data transceiver control box; 1609 is the solar panel support; 1610 is the solar panel; 1611 is the wind vane; 1612 is the voltage controller; 1613 is the lithium battery pack; 1614 is the data conversion module; 1615 is the data transceiver; 1616 is the data switch; 17 is the rectangular wire passing pipe; 18 is the right-angle buckle; 19 is the top cover unit; 1901 is the upstream rectangular groove protection plate; 1902 is the downstream rectangular groove protection plate; 20 is the opening; 21 is the inclination sensor; 22 is the acceleration sensor; 23 is the equipment protective cover; 24 is the cable wire passing hole; 25 is the GNSS monitoring station. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are presented for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to thoroughly understand the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that the present invention can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid unnecessary details from interfering with the description of the present invention.

[0060] The present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches, including a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, which are arranged on the trenches at a first preset distance along the extension direction of the trenches.

[0061] As Figure 1 shown in Embodiment 1, the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices can also be designed in a matrix form, that is, each row and each column have their own preset number of dynamic monitoring devices.

[0062] Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module, and a reset module.

[0063] The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench; preferably, the slide rail module can be a protective groove body with an internal guide rail, which is composed of a rigid outer groove and an internal guide track. The outer groove provides protection, and the inner rail ensures the sliding accuracy; it can also be a base-fixed guide rail, which is installed on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone through anchor bolts.

[0064] Preferably, the preset geological zone is the transition zone of trench deposits. In alpine regions, an oblique photography model combined with a geological model is used to select the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of trench deposits as the layout position of the dynamic monitoring device. Through model pre-screening, the survey route can be optimized, and the input of manpower and equipment can be reduced.

[0065] In the large-drop steeply inclined trench area, the transition zone of trench deposits, as the dynamic balance interface between the erosion area and the accumulation area, its bedrock surface is usually about 600 meters higher than the mouth of the trench, forming a relatively gentle bedrock exposure section. In this area, due to the bedrock surface directly bearing geological disaster sources (such as landslides and debris flows), the movement speed of geological disaster sources is significantly increased. However, due to the energy regulation effect of the steep and gentle slope conversion zone, the thickness of the deposits is generally relatively thin (usually <0.2 meters), and the longitudinal extension of the transition zone of trench deposits is only 20 meters to 50 meters. The transition zone of trench deposits, as the dynamic balance interface between the erosion area and the accumulation area, its sediment transport flux and accumulation rate are in a critical balance state. Therefore, the transition zone of trench deposits, as a sensitive area, can timely capture the early signs of natural disasters in the upper reaches of the trench and provide early warning signals for the construction area or residential area at the downstream mouth of the trench, facilitating the early evacuation of personnel.

[0066] The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the sliding rail module, and is used to slide along the sliding rail module under the action of disaster external forces and monitor the geological disaster information during the sliding process;

[0067] Preferably, the sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a supporting unit 5 connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units;

[0068] Preferably, the supporting unit 5 includes a straightening sub-unit and a multi-section articulated column sub-unit;

[0069] The multi-section articulated column sub-unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to fold under the action of disaster external forces to prevent the column sub-unit from breaking;

[0070] The plurality of monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column sub-units;

[0071] The straightening sub-unit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column sub-units and is used to make the folded multi-section column sub-units return to the upright state when the disaster external forces are withdrawn.

[0072] The sliding unit is slidably connected to the sliding rail module and is used to carry the supporting unit 5 and drive the supporting unit 5 to slide along the sliding rail module under the action of disaster external forces;

[0073] The plurality of monitoring units are all fixedly connected to the supporting unit 5 and are respectively used to monitor different geological disaster information of the supporting unit 5 during the sliding process. Preferably, the monitoring unit includes an acceleration sensor 22, an inclination sensor 21 and a GNSS monitoring station 25 which are electrically connected to a remote terminal, and are respectively used to measure the corresponding data of the supporting unit 5 during the sliding process and send them to the remote terminal.

[0074] Preferably, the acceleration sensor 22, the inclination sensor 21 and the GNSS monitoring station 25 can be arranged on the same section of the column sub-unit or on different sections of the column sub-unit.

[0075] In the present invention, a plurality of monitoring units are fixed on the same supporting unit 5. Spatially, all sensors take the current position of the module as a common origin, and displacement, inclination and vibration data originate from the same rigid body movement; temporally, the movement of the module triggers synchronous acquisition to ensure the alignment of the data axes. This coupling mechanism enables the monitoring parameters of different scales (from millimeters to meters) and frequency bands (static displacement and high-frequency vibration) to be strictly correlated, avoiding errors caused by the spatio-temporal asynchrony of various data during independent acquisition.

[0076] Preferably, the sliding rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit 19 and a hollow groove unit with an opening 20 on the side facing the sky;

[0077] The hollow groove unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench, and the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are both arranged inside the hollow groove unit;

[0078] The guide rail unit is slidably connected to the sliding unit and is used to guide the sliding unit to slide inside the empty groove unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit;

[0079] The top cover unit 19 covers the opening 20 and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit 5, and is used to always cover the opening 20 when the sliding unit drives the support unit 5 to slide.

[0080] The sliding monitoring module of the present invention is slidably connected to the sliding rail module, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0081] (1) Restrict the sliding monitoring module to slide only along the sliding rail module, and avoid the instability of the monitoring unit caused by lateral deviation;

[0082] (2) The sliding rail module provides a flat sliding reference surface for the sliding monitoring module, and eliminates the interference of uneven ground on displacement measurement;

[0083] (3) The sliding rail module evenly transfers the weight and disaster impact force of the sliding monitoring module to the foundation, and prevents the structure from deforming due to local stress concentration (for example: if sliding directly on the ground, local rock and soil collapse will cause the sliding monitoring module to overturn);

[0084] (4) The sliding rail module extends along the upstream and downstream directions, so that the displacement of the sliding monitoring module directly reflects the movement under the action of real disaster external forces (if sliding freely, the displacement direction may be distorted by secondary external forces);

[0085] (5) Convert the disaster external force into a controllable axial movement, provide a stable movement reference for multiple monitoring units, and facilitate the monitoring of displacement.

[0086] Next, taking Embodiment 1 as an example, the structures of the sliding rail module and the sliding monitoring module of each dynamic monitoring device will be described in sequence:

[0087] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, the empty groove unit of the sliding rail module is a rectangular groove 4, and the guide rail unit is two columns of U-shaped guide rails 604;

[0088] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, both ends of the rectangular groove 4 extend along the upstream and downstream directions of the groove, and the length can be customized according to the actual situation on site. The material of the rectangular groove 4 must have properties such as rust prevention, low temperature resistance, and high strength to meet the installation requirements of the rock surface 1 in the transition zone of the groove deposits, and ensure the structural stability and durability under complex geological conditions;

[0089] Further, as Figure 3As shown, the side of the rectangular groove 4 facing the sky is the opening 20, and both the width and length of the opening 20 are smaller than the side of the rectangular groove 4 away from the sky. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional width of the rectangular groove 4 is 0.25 meters, the depth is 0.15 meters, the length is 2 meters, the width of the opening 20 is 0.2 meters, and the length is 0.7 meters.

[0090] As Figure 2 shown, inside the rectangular groove 4, two columns of U-shaped guide rails 604 with a U-shaped longitudinal section are welded along the extending direction of the rectangular groove 4;

[0091] Specifically, both sides of the groove are slopes.

[0092] As Figure 4 shown, the U-shaped openings of the two columns of U-shaped guide rails 604 face the corresponding slopes respectively. For ease of description, the two side walls of the U-shaped guide rail 604 facing the sky and the ground are respectively denoted as the top wall and the bottom wall.

[0093] In the sliding monitoring module of Embodiment 1, the structure of the sliding unit is specifically as follows:

[0094] As Figure 4 shown, the sliding unit includes a skateboard support base 600, a pulley 606, and a pulley support side plate 605.

[0095] Specifically, as Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, the skateboard support base 600 is erected at a preset height above the top walls of the two columns of U-shaped guide rails 604. Two pulley support side plates 605 are respectively welded on both sides of the skateboard support base 600. Two rows of pulleys 606 are correspondingly installed on each pulley support side plate 605 through connecting bolts 607 and are located between each pulley support side plate 605 and the corresponding U-shaped guide rail 604.

[0096] Next, taking any one of the pulley support side plates 605 as an example, the positions of the two rows of pulleys 606 installed on it will be described:

[0097] As Figure 4 shown, the pulley 606 in the lower row is clamped inside the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped guide rail 604, and the pulley 606 in the upper row is arranged on the top wall of the U-shaped guide rail 604 to ensure the stable sliding of the skateboard support base 600.

[0098] Under the action of disaster external forces, the pulley 606 slides along the U-shaped guide rail 604, driving the skateboard support base 600 to slide smoothly along the U-shaped guide rail 604.

[0099] In the sliding monitoring module of Embodiment 1, the structure of the support unit 5 is specifically as follows:

[0100] As Figure 3As shown, the column sub-unit is a rectangular pipe body 502. The straightening sub-unit includes a double-headed spring hook 504 and a first hanging ring 505. Preferably, in this embodiment, the support unit 5 further includes a rectangular column base plate. The rectangular column base plate and the multi-section rectangular pipe body 502 are arranged vertically above the skateboard support base 600 from bottom to top. The rectangular column base plate is fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600 by fixing screws 608, and the rectangular pipe body 502 is welded directly above the center of the rectangular column base plate.

[0101] Further, as Figure 3 shown, the rectangular pipe bodies 502 are articulated through a rotary joint 506 or a hinge joint. At the connection of the side walls of every two adjacent rectangular pipe bodies 502, a first hanging ring 505 is welded and they are mutually tightened and fixed by a double-headed spring hook 504.

[0102] In the present invention, the multi-section rectangular pipe bodies 502 adopt an articulated connection method. When encountering an avalanche or a glacier debris flow impact, the multi-section rectangular pipe bodies 502 will fall along the direction of the force to prevent themselves from breaking. After the impact force is withdrawn, the double-headed spring hook 504 can quickly straighten the rectangular pipe body 502 and reset it to the vertical state. When the double-headed spring hook 504 is damaged, replacing it with a new one can restore its use. This design not only ensures the recycling of the rectangular pipe body 502 but also significantly improves the economic benefits of the present invention.

[0103] In another embodiment, for facilitating disaster monitoring, elevation marks are made every 0.2 meters on the multi-section rectangular pipe body 502, and the siltation height of the disaster accumulation can be accurately determined through camera comparison.

[0104] In the sliding monitoring module of Embodiment 1, the structure of the monitoring unit is specifically as follows:

[0105] As Figure 3 shown, in Embodiment 1, the inclination sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22 are stacked from bottom to top and are both arranged inside the rectangular groove 4 and fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600.

[0106] Preferably, in other embodiments, there is also an equipment protective cover 23. The equipment protective cover 23 is arranged inside the rectangular groove 4, covers the inclination sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22, and is fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600. Specifically, a washer is welded on the side of the equipment protective cover 23 connected to the skateboard support base 600, and the first tightening screw 508 passes through the washer, the skateboard support base 600, and the holes on the rectangular column base plate in sequence to fixedly connect the equipment protective cover 23, the skateboard support base 600, and the rectangular column base plate.

[0107] Preferably, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, the GNSS monitoring station 25 is located on the rectangular pipe body 502 at the top, and a GNSS protective cover 501 is provided on the GNSS monitoring station 25. The inside of the GNSS protective cover 501 is connected to the GNSS monitoring station 25 by screws. The top of the GNSS protective cover 501 adopts a hollow structure to ensure unobstructed reception of satellite signals and guarantee the data solution accuracy. At the same time, the four sides of the GNSS protective cover 501 are made of ABS material with high toughness, and the top of the GNSS protective cover 501 is about 0.05 meters lower than the phase center of the GNSS monitoring station 25, ensuring no mechanical obstruction for satellite signals above 10°, and effectively resisting external forces such as flying stones to protect the internal equipment.

[0108] As Figure 3 shown in the figure, one side of the GNSS protective cover 501 close to the rectangular pipe body 502 is fixedly connected to one end of the second hanging ring 503, and the other end of the second hanging ring 503 is connected to the double-headed spring hook 504, which is used to prevent the GNSS monitoring station 25 from falling and reset it when the GNSS monitoring station 25 is displaced.

[0109] Preferably, as Figure 3 shown in the figure, the equipment protective cover 23 is provided with a wire threading hole 24 for the cables of the tilt sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22, and the GNSS protective cover 501 is also correspondingly provided with a wire threading hole for the GNSS monitoring station 25. The cables of the tilt sensor 21, the acceleration sensor 22, and the GNSS monitoring station 25 pass through the corresponding wire threading holes and are connected to the remote terminal to realize data transmission and aggregation.

[0110] In one embodiment, the data monitored by the present invention can be observed and analyzed manually at regular intervals, or the sliding monitoring module can be connected to the remote terminal. The remote terminal accurately discriminates different types of geological disasters by comprehensively analyzing multi-source monitoring data. For example, by obtaining the GNSS displacement data, analyzing the characteristics of the displacement rate and direction changes, the acceleration sensor 22 captures high-frequency vibrations, and the tilt sensor 21 measures its own attitude changes when subjected to external forces. The remote terminal analyzes by fusing multi-parameter data such as GNSS displacement, tilt, and acceleration, not only realizing the accurate identification of various disasters, but also evaluating their development stages and potential hazard ranges.

[0111] In other embodiments, a lightning rod 500 is installed on the rectangular pipe body 502 at the top to avoid equipment damage caused by lightning strikes.

[0112] The principle of using the GNSS monitoring station 25 to monitor displacement data in this embodiment is as follows:

[0113] Select a stable and open bedrock area about 600 meters away from the bottom of the large-drop steeply inclined groove to establish two GNSS reference stations. Through long-term continuous observation, the precise three-dimensional coordinates of each GNSS reference station are determined as the reference points. GNSS monitoring station 25 obtains the plane displacement monitoring data and surface vertical settlement of the target disaster area by comparing the static coordinates of the two GNSS reference stations.

[0114] Furthermore, the layout positions of the two GNSS reference stations and their distances from GNSS monitoring station 25 can be specified by technicians themselves, and the signal transmission method is network transmission.

[0115] Furthermore, GNSS monitoring station 25 is equipped with an in-built battery. After being charged by the solar panel, it can drive GNSS monitoring station 25 to work continuously for several hours. A 4G mobile card is inserted into GNSS monitoring station 25 for data transmission.

[0116] When a glacial debris flow or an avalanche occurs, some GNSS monitoring stations 25 and GNSS protective covers 501 may be displaced by the impact objects. Even if the power supply cable falls off under external force, GNSS monitoring station 25 can still work continuously through the in-built battery and wireless communication module (such as 4G / Beidou short message) and transmit the positioning data back to the monitoring platform in real time. These data can completely record the movement trajectories of the debris flow or the avalanche, and the movement speed, direction and acceleration can be accurately calculated in combination with time, providing key scientific basis for studying their dynamic characteristics (such as flow pattern, scale and influence range).

[0117] One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed at a preset position of the sliding rail module, which is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears.

[0118] Preferably, the reset module includes a limiting unit and an elastic unit with one end connected to the limiting unit;

[0119] The limiting unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit to limit the telescopic range of the elastic unit;

[0120] The other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit, which is used to drive the sliding unit to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears.

[0121] Preferably, the reset module further includes a guiding unit;

[0122] The limiting unit is provided with a through hole;

[0123] The guiding unit axially penetrates inside the elastic unit, and one end of the guiding unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, which is used to guide the elastic unit to expand and contract along the extension direction of the guiding unit.

[0124] The elastic unit selected in this application can be a spring, an elastic rope, or a combined elastic element of a spring + rubber. It should be noted that the reset speed of the sliding monitoring module is significantly lower than its displacement speed under the action of disaster external forces. The tensile strength of the specific elastic unit can be determined by those skilled in the art themselves.

[0125] In one embodiment, those skilled in the art analyze historical disaster data and conduct experiments to optimize the connection method (such as using a parallel structure) and form (such as setting a specific spring helix angle) of the elastic unit, and control the tensile strength of the elastic unit within a threshold range far lower than the disaster impact force, so as to achieve a stable and controllable reset process of the sliding monitoring module; it not only ensures that under extreme working conditions, the elastic unit can slowly absorb energy through elastic deformation to prevent the equipment from tipping over, but also can truly feedback the action characteristics of the disaster external force, avoid the sliding monitoring module from failing due to overload damage, and enable the fast sliding data under the action of the disaster to be completely recorded without being covered by the reset action, thereby significantly extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the frequency of manual inspections and equipment replacements.

[0126] In Embodiment 1, as Figure 2 , Figure 4 shown, the limiting unit of the reset module is the spring end limiting plate 603 welded at a preset position downstream of the U-shaped guide rail 604; the elastic unit is the reset spring 601, and the guiding unit is the spring guiding tube 602;

[0127] Preferably, as Figure 5 shown, the reset module further includes a spring front limiting plate 609 connected to the bottom end of the skateboard support base 600.

[0128] As Figure 3 shown, the spring front limiting plate 609 and the spring end limiting plate 603 are connected through the spring guiding tube 602, and the reset spring 601 is sleeved on the spring guiding tube 602 to form an axial elastic reset mechanism.

[0129] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, the spring end limiting plate 603 is provided with a through hole, the spring guiding tube 602 can enter and exit through the through hole on the spring end limiting plate 603, and both ends of the reset spring 601 respectively abut against the spring front limiting plate 609 and the spring end limiting plate 603, realizing the reciprocating motion guiding and automatic reset functions of the components by compressing / releasing the spring.

[0130] As Figure 3 , Figure 6 shown, the top cover unit 19 includes an upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 and a downstream rectangular groove guard plate 1902, which are respectively installed on the side walls of the rectangular tube body 502 along the extending direction of the empty groove unit;

[0131] Preferably, in this embodiment, the length of the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 is 0.8 meters, and the length of the downstream rectangular groove guard plate 1902 is 0.7 meters. Both are fixed to the rectangular pipe body 502 through connecting screws 507. The length of the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 is significantly greater than that of the rectangular groove 420, and its width is the same as that of the rectangular groove 4. When the rectangular pipe body 502 is extruded by an external force and drives the skateboard support base 600 to move, the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular groove guard plate 1902 are displaced synchronously. Due to the lengthened design of the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901, it can ensure that the rectangular groove 420 is always in a sealed state, thus effectively preventing disaster sources such as soil and gravel from invading the interior of the rectangular groove 4 structure.

[0132] In other embodiments, the sizes of the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular groove guard plate 1902 can be specified by those skilled in the art themselves, so that when the rectangular pipe body 502 slides, the upstream rectangular groove guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular groove guard plate 1902 can always cover the opening 20.

[0133] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches further includes a plurality of stabilizing devices and a plurality of pressure monitoring modules;

[0134] Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices;

[0135] In the embodiment as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 6 When a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are designed in a square matrix, a plurality of stabilizing devices and a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged in a crisscross pattern, and the adjacent dynamic monitoring devices and stabilizing devices are snap-connected;

[0136] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 Each stabilizing device is a row of horizontal support square pipes 6 extending along both side slopes. The longitudinal section height of the horizontal support square pipe 6 is 0.15 meters, the width is 0.08 meters, and the length is 2 meters. It is vertically connected to the rectangular groove 4 through a right-angle snap 18 to form an anchoring framework with a plurality of rectangular grid structures, and the anchoring framework spans the left slope 2 and the right slope 3 on both sides of the trench.

[0137] Furthermore, in Embodiment 1, both the horizontal support square pipe 6 and the rectangular groove 4 are hollow structures with both ends open, and covers 13 are provided at both ends of all the horizontal support square pipes 6 and the rectangular groove 4 to ensure waterproof sealing. In the anchoring framework, as shown in Figure 2 Each horizontal support square pipe 6 and the rectangular groove 4 are anchored to the bedrock surface 1 of the trench accumulation transition zone through first fixed expansion screws 101 to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0138] A plurality of pressure monitoring modules are respectively fixed on any one or more stabilizing devices for monitoring geological disasters according to pressure signals.

[0139] In embodiment 1, the pressure monitoring module is a pressure sensor, such as Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of pressure sensors 7 are respectively fixed on the upstream side of any one / multiple fixing devices.

[0140] like Figure 8 As shown, the pressure sensor 7 is fixed to the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of the trench deposits by a first chemical bolt 702, and a pressure sensor protective cover 701 is installed on the outside thereof, and the pressure sensor protective cover 701 is firmly connected to the horizontal support square tube 6 by a second tightening screw 703. To facilitate cable laying, pressure sensor threading holes 704 are provided at corresponding positions of the horizontal support square tube 6 and the pressure sensor protective cover 701. The pressure sensor 7 can form a network through multi-point laying, which can identify local pressure anomalies in the monitoring area and trigger an early warning.

[0141] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large drop trenches also includes a vibration monitoring module and a temperature and humidity monitoring module;

[0142] The vibration monitoring module is arranged on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and at a second preset distance from the stabilizing device located at the most upstream of the trench, and is used to monitor geological disasters according to the vibration signal. The second preset distance can be specified by a person skilled in the art.

[0143] In embodiment 1, the vibration monitoring module is a vibration sensor 10, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a solitary rock 11 connected to the bedrock is selected on the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of the trench deposit 2 meters upstream of the first row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 located upstream, and a vibration sensor 10 is placed between the solitary rock 11 and the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of the trench deposit. The vibration sensor 10 determines the type of disaster by identifying the vibration signal in advance, is not affected by weather and light, works 24 hours a day, and can detect dangerous situations several seconds to minutes in advance.

[0144] like Figure 9 As shown, the vibration sensor 10 is fixed to the bedrock surface by a second chemical bolt 1003 to ensure a stable connection. To protect the vibration sensor 10, a vibration sensor protective cover 1001 is installed, and the vibration sensor protective cover 1001 is fixedly connected to the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of the trench deposit by a second fixed expansion screw 1002.

[0145] Further, such as Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment also sets a hollow rectangular wire threading tube 17 between the vibration sensor protective cover 1001 and the first row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6. The vibration sensor protective cover 1001, the rectangular wire threading tube 17 and the first row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 are connected to ensure that the cables are safely introduced into the horizontal supporting square tubes 6 and finally connected to the remote terminal to achieve stable data transmission.

[0146] The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any stable device and is used to monitor geological disasters according to temperature and humidity data; as Figure 6 shown, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8 of Embodiment 1 is installed on the first row of horizontal support square pipes 6 located upstream and is used to monitor the soil moisture content and send it to the remote terminal. When the remote terminal determines that the soil moisture content exceeds the threshold, an early warning is triggered.

[0147] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches further includes a meteorological monitoring module 16;

[0148] The meteorological monitoring module 16 is arranged on the slope surface on either side of the trench and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module, and temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively. It is used to monitor geological disasters according to meteorological data and conduct geological disaster assessment based on the monitoring results of at least two of each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module, and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

[0149] As Figure 6 shown, the meteorological monitoring module 16 is arranged on the right slope surface 3 and includes a vertical rod 1601 installed in the flat area on the surface of the rock slope 3 on one side, and a meteorological unit and a power supply unit respectively installed on the vertical rod 1601;

[0150] As Figure 10 shown, the meteorological unit includes a rain gauge 1602, an anemometer 1603, a multi-functional louver box 1604 (temperature and humidity + air pressure + light), a supplementary light power supply system 1605, a supplementary light 1606, and a camera 1607 installed on the vertical rod 1601 from top to bottom;

[0151] The power supply unit includes a power supply data transceiver control box 1608, a solar panel bracket 1609, a solar panel 1610, a wind vane 1611, a voltage controller 1612, a lithium battery pack 1613, a data conversion module 1614, a data transceiver 1615, and a data switch 1616 installed below the camera 1607.

[0152] Among them, the solar panel bracket 1609 is clamped on the vertical rod section between the rain gauge 1602 and the camera 1607, and the solar panel 1610 and the wind vane 1611 are both arranged on the solar panel bracket 1609.

[0153] The voltage controller 1612, the lithium battery 1613, the data conversion module 1614, the data transceiver 1615, and the data switch 1616 are installed in the power supply data transceiver control box 1608 to complete the wiring and power supply work of the sensors.

[0154] All the instruments and equipment of the meteorological monitoring module 16 are existing equipment, and the installation technology is mature. As the "sentry post" for natural disaster monitoring, by setting up supplementary lights 1606 and cameras 1607 on the meteorological monitoring module 16, through 24-hour uninterrupted video monitoring and combined with monitoring data, all-round protection against natural disasters is achieved.

[0155] In one embodiment, the present application further includes a hollow square tube 12 connected to one end of the meteorological monitoring module 16. Each row of horizontal support square tubes 6 converges to the other end of the hollow square tube 12. The cables of each tilt sensor 21, each acceleration sensor 22, each GNSS monitoring station 25, each vibration sensor 10, each pressure sensor 7, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8 pass through the corresponding row of horizontal support square tubes 6 and are aggregated into the hollow square tube 12, and finally connected to the power distribution data transceiver control box 1608 to provide power supply and data communication support for the monitoring equipment.

[0156] Preferably, Figure 1 As an example, only one row of horizontal support square tubes 6 is connected to the other end of the hollow square tube 12. Those skilled in the art can customize multi-way connectors to converge each row of horizontal support square tubes 6 to the other end of the hollow square tube 12.

[0157] Preferably, as Figure 1 、 Figure 6 shown, when multiple dynamic monitoring devices are designed in a square matrix, a concrete filling belt is provided between at least two columns of preset dynamic monitoring devices. The concrete filling belt is in a groove shape for drainage;

[0158] Between the remaining every two columns of dynamic monitoring devices, there is a filling soil belt, and the filling soil belt is used to protect the pressure monitoring module, the temperature and humidity monitoring module, and multiple sliding monitoring modules.

[0159] As Figure 6 shown, in Embodiment 2, each row of horizontal support square tubes 6 is welded by multiple conduit pipes 9. And in each row of horizontal support square tubes 6, the height of the conduit pipe 9 at the middlemost position is 1 / 3 lower than the heights of the conduit pipes 9 on its two sides. Sealed welding treatment is carried out between each section of conduit pipe 9 to prevent water. The conduit pipes 9 and the rectangular grooves 4 are both fixedly and expansively anchored to the bedrock surface 1 of the trench accumulation transition zone through a plurality of first fixed expansion screws 101 arranged inside to ensure the overall structural stability.

[0160] Preferably, in Embodiment 2, concrete 15 is poured between each section of conduit 9 up to the pipe top elevation. Meanwhile, between two columns of rectangular grooves 4 adjacent to the conduit 9 at the middlemost position is a concrete filling zone for pouring concrete 15 to form a groove-shaped structure. Between every two adjacent columns of rectangular grooves 4, the rest is a soil filling zone for covering backfill soil 14, and the backfill height exceeds the top of the conduit 9 by 0.2 m, which is used to assist in disaster monitoring and protect each section of conduit 9 and each monitoring module.

[0161] In Embodiment 3, the meteorological monitoring module 16 in the present invention further includes a monitoring platform of a remote terminal. The data of the pressure sensor 7, vibration sensor 10, soil temperature and humidity sensor 8, GNSS monitoring station 25, acceleration sensor 22 and inclination sensor 21 are transmitted to the monitoring platform of the remote terminal in real time through 4G network, relay network strip and wired optical fiber. When any one of the monitoring data exceeds the preset warning threshold, the system automatically triggers the audible and visual alarm device and simultaneously issues an evacuation instruction to the construction workers and residents on both sides of the trench mouth to ensure the safety of personnel and property.

[0162] When using the present invention, all monitoring modules should be well waterproofed and moisture-proofed to prevent equipment damage. Waterproof enclosures, moisture-proof coatings and other methods can be used to protect the equipment to ensure that the equipment can operate stably for a long time in a complex cold natural environment.

[0163] In Embodiment 4, to improve the disaster monitoring and identification ability, a disaster category judgment method as shown in Table 1 is also established according to the relationship between different combinations of monitoring data and natural disaster categories:

[0164] Table 1 Disaster category judgment method

[0165]

[0166] Summarize the natural disaster category judgment method in Table 1 in combination with the following text:

[0167] For glacial debris flow, it is necessary to pay attention to the data of the pressure sensor 7, GNSS monitoring station 25, vibration sensor 10 and meteorological monitoring module 16. Its characteristic manifestations are that the pressure at the bottom of the trench increases in a pulsed manner or high-frequency pressure fluctuations occur, the GNSS planar displacement suddenly increases by 10 mm / h, the vibration sensor 10 detects low-frequency vibrations of 0.5 Hz - 2 Hz and the air temperature > 0°C lasts for 6 hours. When the above characteristics appear simultaneously, it can be considered that glacial debris flow has occurred. However, when there is a situation of high-frequency vibration (> 15 Hz), this natural disaster can be excluded as glacial debris flow; specifically, the pulsed increase in the pressure at the bottom of the trench means that the rising rate of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 7 is greater than the first preset value, and the judgment method of high-frequency pressure fluctuations is that the pressure curve is serrated or square-wave shaped, with a short duration (< 30 minutes) and a long interval period (> 1 hour).

[0168] The identification of an avalanche depends on the data of the pressure sensor 7, the acceleration sensor 22 and the meteorological monitoring module 16, characterized by a step - down in snow pressure (snow layer fracture), short - term vibration of 50 Hz to 100 Hz (<30 seconds), snowfall > 20 mm and wind speed > 15 m / s within 24 hours. When the above features appear simultaneously, it can be considered that an avalanche has occurred. However, when there is no continuous displacement of GNSS within the preset time, this natural disaster can be excluded as an avalanche; specifically, the method for judging the step - down of snow pressure is: the monitoring value of the pressure sensor 7 drops by more than the second preset value within the preset time.

[0169] The identification of a landslide needs to combine the data of the GNSS monitoring station 25, the inclination sensor 21 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8, characterized by the consistency of the displacement vector direction, sudden - change displacement (such as > 50 mm per day), continuous change of inclination (0.5° / h to 1° / h) and sudden increase in fissure water pressure > 15 kPa. When the above features appear simultaneously, it can be considered that a landslide has occurred. However, when there is a vibration frequency < 5 Hz, this natural disaster can be excluded as a landslide; specifically, the method for judging the consistency of the displacement vector direction is: obtain the displacement rate and displacement direction angle of each GNSS monitoring station 25, and calculate the standard deviation of the direction angle and the difference between every two displacement rates. If the maximum value of the displacement rate difference and the standard deviation are respectively less than the third preset value and the fourth preset value, it is considered that the displacement vector direction is consistent.

[0170] Brittle collapse is identified through the data of the acceleration sensor 22 and the vibration sensor 10, characterized by acoustic emission signals of 100 Hz to 300 Hz, dense high - frequency impacts (> 50 times per hour, energy > 1 g); and before the structural instability, the continuous tremor main frequency of the vibration sensor reaches 2 Hz to 5 Hz. When the above features appear simultaneously, it can be considered that a brittle collapse has occurred. However, when the GNSS displacement is less than 10 mm, this natural disaster can be excluded as a brittle collapse.

[0171] The identification of rockfall depends on the vibration sensor 10, the inclination sensor 21 and the camera 1607, characterized by short - term high - frequency pulses (duration < 0.5 s, energy concentrated at 10 Hz to 100 Hz), reset after sudden change of inclination (3° to 5°) and optical recognition of the rockfall trajectory. When the above features appear simultaneously, it can be considered that a rockfall disaster has occurred. However, when there is no continuous pressure change, this natural disaster can be excluded as a rockfall. Through this comprehensive analysis method, the accurate identification of the type of natural disaster can be achieved.

[0172] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0173] (1) This application uses a slide rail module to constrain the sliding direction of the sliding monitoring module and filter lateral interference, and a reset module to force the sliding monitoring module to return to its initial position after each external force, avoiding the sliding monitoring module being out of the monitoring range due to uncontrollable displacement and affecting the next disaster monitoring;

[0174] (2) By connecting the reset module to the sliding monitoring module, this application constructs a dual anti-tipping protection mechanism: in the normal monitoring scenario without disaster external forces, the pre-tightening force of the reset module can effectively maintain the vertical stability of the monitoring unit, avoiding the slow tipping of the sliding monitoring module caused by geological micro-deformation or other normal natural phenomena; when encountering sudden disaster external forces such as debris flow and avalanche, the guiding function of the slide rail module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module work together to release the impact energy through controllable displacement, preventing the sliding monitoring module from tipping and being damaged;

[0175] (3) By fixing multiple monitoring units on the support unit of the sliding monitoring module, this application uses the support unit to carry and transmit the displacement trajectory, enabling the correlation analysis of different displacement data collected by multiple monitoring units under a unified spatio-temporal reference, eliminating the spatio-temporal deviation caused by the independent installation of multiple monitoring units. And through multi-data collaborative monitoring and data fusion, this application realizes the full-scale monitoring from millimeter-level micro-deformation to meter-level sliding, breaking through the limitations of single-parameter independent monitoring;

[0176] (4) This application selects the bedrock surface of the groove accumulation transition zone as the installation site, and uses the geographical features of the high-altitude bedrock surface, gentle slope and shallow accumulation in this area to construct a disaster monitoring system, which can effectively monitor the real-time situation of natural disasters such as avalanche, debris flow and rockfall in steep valleys, solves the problems of high survey cost and lagging disaster response in traditional layout methods, and realizes the early warning and real-time capture of typical disasters in steep grooves;

[0177] (5) By designing a multi-jointed column sub-unit, this application enables the support unit to be folded under the action of disaster external forces and automatically return to the upright state through the straightening sub-unit after the disaster external force is withdrawn, avoiding the fracture of the column sub-unit and ensuring the attitude return of the monitoring unit while taking into account the structural safety and data reliability;

[0178] (6) Through the combined design of the empty slot unit and the top cover unit of the slide rail module, the empty slot unit is embedded with a guide rail unit to guide the directional movement of the sliding monitoring module, and the top cover unit covers the opening of the empty slot unit and moves synchronously with the support unit, blocking external accumulations from invading the inside of the empty slot unit, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the guide rail unit and the sliding unit;

[0179] (7) In this application, a guiding unit is added to the reset module and is inserted inside the elastic unit to restrict the elastic unit to expand and contract only along the axial direction of the guide rail, eliminating the trajectory deviation caused by the lateral bending of the spring during the reset process, and improving the direction accuracy and stability of the reset of the sliding monitoring module;

[0180] (8) In this application, a stabilizing device is added and arranged between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices, and a pressure monitoring module, a temperature and humidity monitoring module, and a vibration monitoring module are installed on multiple stabilizing devices to form a monitoring network, expanding the monitoring coverage density, adapting to the characteristics of irregular terrain, and enhancing the spatial analysis ability of the disaster evolution process;

[0181] (9) In this application, by integrating the sliding monitoring module, the pressure monitoring module, the temperature and humidity monitoring module, and the vibration monitoring module, real-time summarization and cross-verification of multi-source disaster parameters are realized, a full-dimensional disaster warning model is constructed, and the decision-making reliability is improved;

[0182] (10) In this application, a meteorological monitoring module is set on the slope to summarize multi-source data, realizing three-dimensional monitoring and remote transmission of disaster parameters, avoiding the risk of data lag in manual inspections, and ensuring the all-weather operation of the monitoring system in extreme environments.

[0183] The above are only several embodiments of this application and do not impose any form of limitation on this application. Although this application is disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of this application, makes some changes or modifications using the technical content disclosed above, which are all equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, and the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged on the trench at intervals of a first preset distance along the extension direction of the trench; Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module; The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench; The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module and is used to slide along the slide rail module under the action of disaster external forces and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process; One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed at a preset position of the slide rail module, and is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears.

2. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 1, wherein The sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a support unit connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units; The sliding unit is slidably connected to the slide rail module and is used to carry the support unit and drive the support unit to slide along the slide rail module under the action of disaster external forces; The plurality of monitoring units are all fixedly connected to the support unit and are respectively used to monitor different geological disaster information of the support unit during the sliding process.

3. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support unit includes a straightening sub-unit and a multi-jointed column sub-unit; The multi-jointed column sub-unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to fold under the action of disaster external forces to prevent the column sub-unit from breaking; The plurality of monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column sub-units; The straightening sub-unit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column sub-units and is used to make the folded multi-jointed column sub-units return to the upright state when the disaster external force is withdrawn.

4. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slide rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit and a hollow groove unit with an opening on the side facing the sky; The hollow groove unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench, and the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are both arranged inside the hollow groove unit; The guide rail unit is slidably connected to the sliding unit and is used to guide the sliding unit to slide inside the hollow groove unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit; The top cover unit covers the opening and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit, and is used to always cover the opening when the sliding unit drives the support unit to slide.

5. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reset module includes a limiting unit and an elastic unit with one end connected to the limiting unit; The limiting unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit and is used to limit the telescopic range of the elastic unit; The other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to drive the sliding unit to return to the initial position after the disaster external force disappears.

6. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reset module further includes a guiding unit; The limiting unit is provided with a through hole; The guiding unit axially penetrates inside the elastic unit, and one end of the guiding unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, and is used to guide the elastic unit to expand and contract along the extension direction of the guiding unit.

7. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 2, characterized in that It further includes a plurality of stabilizing devices and a plurality of pressure monitoring modules; Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices; The multiple pressure monitoring modules are fixed on any one of the stabilizing devices and are used to monitor geological disasters according to pressure signals.

8. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 7, characterized in that, It further includes a vibration monitoring module and a temperature and humidity monitoring module; The vibration monitoring module is arranged on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and is at a second preset distance from the stabilizing device located at the uppermost reaches of the trench, and is used to monitor geological disasters according to vibration signals; The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any one of the stabilizing devices and is used to monitor geological disasters according to temperature and humidity data; Protective covers are provided on the surfaces of the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the monitoring unit.

9. The geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large-drop trenches according to claim 8, characterized in that It further includes a meteorological monitoring module; The meteorological monitoring module is arranged on the slope on any side of the trench and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively, and is used to monitor geological disasters according to meteorological data and conduct geological disaster assessment according to the monitoring results of at least two of each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

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