A power input coupler

Abstract

The application discloses a power input coupler, which comprises a normal-temperature component, a vacuum component, a low-temperature component and an adjusting component, wherein the normal-temperature component comprises a normal-temperature outer conductor, an atmospheric inner conductor and a waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, the atmospheric inner conductor is arranged in the normal-temperature outer conductor; the vacuum component comprises an isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor and a coupling assembly, the vacuum inner conductor is arranged in the isolation window, and the window frame is welded on the periphery of the isolation window; the low-temperature component comprises a first connecting part, a low-temperature outer conductor and a second connecting part, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are connected to the two ends of the low-temperature outer conductor respectively; the adjusting component comprises a supporting assembly and a driving assembly, the supporting assembly is installed on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, the driving assembly is installed on the supporting assembly, and the driving assembly is connected with a guide piece. The power input coupler can meet the three conditions of online adjustment, high average power capacity and clean assembly with a superconducting cavity at the same time, and can meet the requirements of a high-acceleration-gradient superconducting cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of accelerator technology, and more specifically to a power input coupler. Background Technology

[0002] High-power couplers are key components of radio frequency superconducting systems. As a connecting bridge between the power source and the superconducting cavity, they not only play a role in impedance matching and efficiently feeding the radio frequency power output from the power source into the accelerating cavity, but also serve as an isolation between the atmosphere and vacuum and a transition from room temperature to low temperature.

[0003] First, with the continuous development of superconducting technology, the acceleration gradient of the superconducting cavity is constantly increasing, and the required input power is also increasing. Therefore, the power that the high-power coupler feeding power into the superconducting cavity needs to withstand is also gradually increasing. Second, the coupling degree between the coupler and the superconducting cavity is directly proportional to the ratio of beam power to cavity loss power. Generally, the superconducting cavity loss power is 4-6 orders of magnitude lower than the beam power. If the beam power changes, it will have a huge impact on the coupling degree. If the coupling degree is not adjusted, it will lead to a significant increase in reflected power and the required power source output power. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of different beam power loading while avoiding the increase in power source performance, the high-power coupler must be online adjustable. Finally, since the superconducting cavity is an ultra-clean component, and the high-power coupler shares a vacuum space with it, in order to avoid contamination of the superconducting cavity during the assembly process of the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity, it is required that the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity can be cleanly assembled. That is, the high-power coupler and the superconducting cavity are assembled in a clean room and sealed in a vacuum before being pushed into the thermostat together. It can be seen that high-power couplers are complex, multifunctional, and vulnerable components. Therefore, their research has always been a hot topic and a difficult point in the field of radio frequency superconductivity.

[0004] Currently, high-power couplers in radio frequency superconducting systems cannot simultaneously meet the three conditions of online adjustability, high average power capacity, and clean assembly with the superconducting cavity, thus making it difficult to meet the requirements of superconducting cavities with higher acceleration gradients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide a power input coupler that simultaneously meets three conditions: online adjustability, high average power capacity, and clean assembly with a superconducting cavity, and can also meet the requirements of a high acceleration gradient superconducting cavity.

[0006] This application provides a power input coupler, including:

[0007] A room-temperature component includes a room-temperature outer conductor, an atmospheric inner conductor, and a waveguide-to-coaxial assembly. The atmospheric inner conductor passes through the interior of the room-temperature outer conductor, and both the room-temperature outer conductor and the atmospheric inner conductor are connected to and coaxial with the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly. The waveguide-to-coaxial assembly converts the waveguide structure used by the power source to feed power into a coaxial structure.

[0008] A vacuum assembly includes a first isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor, and a coupling assembly. The vacuum inner conductor passes through the first isolation window, and the window frame is welded to the periphery of the first isolation window. The coupling assembly includes a first bellows, a guide, and a coupling structure. One end of the first bellows is connected to the vacuum inner conductor, the guide passes through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor and is connected to the coupling structure, and the other end of the first bellows is connected to the coupling structure. The vacuum inner conductor, the first bellows, and the guide together define a first cooling channel for the circulation of a cooling medium.

[0009] The cryogenic assembly includes a first connecting part, a cryogenic outer conductor, and a second connecting part. The first connecting part and the second connecting part are respectively connected to the two ends of the cryogenic outer conductor. The cryogenic outer conductor is sleeved on the outside of the vacuum inner conductor. The first connecting part is connected to the window frame and is used to connect to a thermostat. The second connecting part is used to connect to a superconducting cavity. The wall of the cryogenic outer conductor is provided with cryogenic flow channels for the circulation of cryogenic cooling medium.

[0010] The adjustment assembly includes a support assembly and a drive assembly. The support assembly is mounted on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, and the drive assembly is mounted on the support assembly and connected to the guide member. The drive assembly is used to drive the guide member to move along its axial direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, the drive assembly includes a drive motor, a guide rod, and a displacement sensor. The drive motor and the displacement sensor are both mounted on the support assembly. One end of the guide rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to the guide member. The drive motor is used to drive the guide rod to move along its axial direction, and the displacement sensor is used to sense the distance and direction of the guide rod's movement.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a conductive layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the cryogenic flow channel is spirally arranged around the cryogenic outer conductor in the axial direction.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the cryogenic outer conductor is provided with a cryogenic medium inlet port and a cryogenic medium outlet port. Both the cryogenic medium inlet port and the cryogenic medium outlet port are connected to the cryogenic flow channel. The cryogenic medium inlet port is used to connect to the outlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source, and the cryogenic medium outlet port is used to connect to the inlet of the cryogenic cooling medium supply source.

[0015] In some embodiments, the interior of the window frame wall is provided with a second cooling channel for the circulation of cooling medium.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature outer conductor has a plurality of ventilation holes communicating with its interior.

[0017] In some embodiments, the vacuum assembly further includes a flow divider and a flow guide. The flow divider is connected to one end of the inner vacuum conductor and passes through the first isolation window. The flow guide passes through the interior of the inner vacuum conductor. The flow divider is provided with a cooling medium inlet channel and a cooling medium outlet channel. The flow guide and the inner vacuum conductor together define a first cooling medium circulation inflow channel connected to the cooling medium inlet channel. The guide member passes through the interior of the flow guide and together with the flow guide define a first cooling medium circulation outlet channel connected to the cooling medium outlet channel. Both the first cooling medium circulation inflow channel and the first cooling medium circulation outlet channel are connected to the first bellows and define the first cooling channel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the regulating component further includes a return water component and a water inlet component, both of which are installed on the guide member. The water inlet component is connected to the cooling medium inlet channel, and the return water component is connected to the cooling medium outlet channel.

[0019] In some embodiments, the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly includes an inner shell and an outer shell, the inner shell being mounted inside the outer shell, the atmospheric inner conductor being electrically connected to the inner shell, the ambient temperature outer conductor being electrically connected to the outer shell, and the inner shell, the outer shell, the ambient temperature outer conductor, and the atmospheric inner conductor being coaxial.

[0020] According to the power input coupler of the above embodiment, a first bellows is set in the vacuum inner conductor and driven by a drive component, making the insertion depth of the coupling structure into the superconducting cavity adjustable, thereby achieving online adjustment of the coupling degree. The vacuum inner conductor with high-frequency contact surfaces is cooled by a cooling medium, thus effectively controlling heat generation, enabling the coupler to withstand higher average power, and also facilitating the assembly of the coupler with the superconducting cavity and the thermostat. Since the first bellows is located inside the vacuum inner conductor, it is not affected by the cooling method of the first bellows due to the low temperature of the superconducting cavity, avoiding the high heat generation of the first bellows inside the low-temperature outer conductor that would cause a high heat leakage rate to the low-temperature system. At the same time, the vacuum component and the low-temperature component of this coupler can be assembled in a clean environment, ultimately achieving clean assembly with the superconducting cavity. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the power input coupler provided in this application applied to a radio frequency superconducting system;

[0022] Figure 2 A perspective view of the power input coupler provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle;

[0027] Figure 7 A perspective view of the room-temperature component in the power input coupler provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view along the EE direction;

[0029] Figure 9 A perspective view of the combination of vacuum components and cryogenic components in a power input coupler is provided for this application;

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Cross-sectional view along the FF direction;

[0031] Figure 11 A perspective view of the regulating component in the power input coupler provided in this application;

[0032] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Cross-sectional view along the GG direction;

[0033] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the thermal distribution of the power input coupler provided in this application at room temperature under an average power of 300kW.

[0034] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the thermal distribution of the low-temperature outer conductor of the power input coupler provided in this application under an average power of 300kW. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by related similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of the present application with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0036] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments, and the operational steps involved in each embodiment can also be rearranged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the specification and drawings are only for clearly describing a particular embodiment and do not imply that they represent the necessary components and / or order.

[0037] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages).

[0038] See Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1A schematic diagram of a radio frequency (RF) superconducting system is shown. This system consists of a power source 1, a transmission system 2, a coupler 3, and a superconducting cavity 4. The power source 1 generates RF power and is connected to the coupler 3 via a circulator 5 and the transmission system 2. The RF power generated by the power source 1 is transmitted to the coupler 3 through the circulator 5 and the transmission system 2. The distance between the inner conductor of the coupler 3 and the beam center of the superconducting cavity 4 determines the coupling degree. Changing the insertion depth of the inner conductor of the coupler 3 allows for matching between the coupler 3 and the superconducting cavity 4 during operation, ultimately achieving power coupling. The coupled RF power is then fed into the superconducting cavity 4 to establish an accelerating electric field, ultimately accelerating particles. The circulator 5 serves two purposes: firstly, it matches the output power of the power source 1 to the transmission system 2; secondly, it absorbs the reflected power from the system via a load 6 connected to the circulator 5, preventing damage to the power source from reflected power. The transmission system 2 consists of a standard square waveguide or a coaxial waveguide and functions to transmit power. Among them, the coupler 3 can match the superconducting cavity 4 and the power source 1, and can achieve the transition from room temperature to low temperature. At the same time, the second isolation window 7 set on the coupler 3 can achieve vacuum isolation between the vacuum below and the atmosphere above. The second isolation window 7 allows high-frequency power to pass through and is brazed with the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial cable to achieve vacuum isolation.

[0039] With the development of technology, high power, high flux and miniaturization have become important goals for accelerators. However, room temperature cavities are limited by high heat loss and cannot withstand higher average power, thus failing to achieve the goal of high average flux acceleration. When superconducting cavities operate in the low temperature superconducting state, the cavity power loss is almost negligible compared to the beam power, so they are widely used in high power and high flux accelerators.

[0040] High-power couplers for superconducting cavities can be classified into two types: waveguide type and coaxial type. Waveguide couplers operate with an average power exceeding 300kW, but clean assembly of the superconducting cavity and coupler is not possible, and the coupling adjustment method is very complex. Coaxial couplers are currently the mainstream type used in radio frequency superconducting systems. Typical in-line adjustable couplers include: 1) A 400MHz in-line adjustable coupler used in Europe, which can withstand continuous wave power exceeding 250kW, but cannot achieve clean assembly with the superconducting cavity; 2) The TTF-Ⅲ type in-line adjustable coupler, which uses a dual-window design and can achieve clean assembly with the superconducting cavity, but the maximum average power it can withstand is limited to less than 60kW; 3) A 700MHz in-line adjustable coupler used in the United States, which uses a dual-thermal-window structure and can withstand continuous wave input power exceeding 420kW, but this coupler also cannot achieve clean assembly with the superconducting cavity.

[0041] As can be seen from the above, most current superconducting cavity couplers can only meet two of the three conditions: online adjustability, high average power capacity, and clean assembly with superconducting cavities. They are insufficient to meet the requirements of superconducting cavities with higher acceleration gradients.

[0042] To address the above problems, this application provides a power input coupler, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 2-4 As shown, the power input coupler provided in this application includes a room temperature component 10, a vacuum component 20, a cryogenic component 30, and a regulating component 40.

[0043] The ambient temperature component 10 includes an ambient temperature outer conductor 11, an atmospheric inner conductor 12, and a waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13. Both the ambient temperature outer conductor 11 and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are cylindrical structures with ports at both ends. The atmospheric inner conductor 12 passes inside the ambient temperature outer conductor 11. Both the ambient temperature outer conductor 11 and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are connected to the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13, and are coaxial with the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13. The waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13 is used to convert the waveguide structure used for power feeding from the power source 1 into a coaxial structure.

[0044] The radio frequency power generated by power source 1 is transmitted in the rectangular waveguide as a TE10 wave (Transverse Electric Mode). After being fed into the coupler 3 through circulator 5 and transmission system 2, the TE10 wave transmitted in the rectangular waveguide is converted into a TEM wave (Transverse Electromagnetic Wave) transmitted in the coaxial path.

[0045] In this embodiment, the ambient temperature outer conductor 11 is mainly used to connect the waveguide to coaxial assembly 13 and the vacuum assembly 20.

[0046] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13 includes an inner shell 131 and an outer shell 132. The inner shell 131 is mounted inside the outer shell 132, and the inner shell 131 and the outer shell 132 are sealed and electrically connected. The atmospheric inner conductor 12 is electrically connected to the inner shell 131, and the room temperature outer conductor 11 is electrically connected to the outer shell 132. Furthermore, the inner shell 131, the outer shell 132, the room temperature outer conductor 11, and the atmospheric inner conductor 12 are coaxial.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the outer shell 132 is similar to a convex shape, and the inner shell 131 is bowl-shaped and inverted inside the larger side of the outer shell 132. The convex outer shell 132 is formed by argon arc welding. The outer shell 132 in the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13 is bolted to the room-temperature outer conductor 11 to ensure electrical contact. Of course, in some embodiments, the outer shell 132 may also be cylindrical, depending on the actual needs.

[0048] In this embodiment, the ambient temperature outer conductor 11 has multiple ventilation holes 111 that communicate with its interior. The ventilation holes 111 are mainly used to draw out air cooling to cool its internal structure.

[0049] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the vacuum assembly 20 includes a first isolation window 21, a window frame 22, a vacuum inner conductor 23, and a coupling assembly 24. The first isolation window 21 has a structure similar to a ring shape. The vacuum inner conductor 23 passes through the inner ring of the ring-shaped first isolation window 21, and the window frame 22 is welded and installed on the outer ring of the ring-shaped first isolation window 21.

[0050] The coupling assembly 24 includes a first bellows 241, a guide 242, and a coupling structure 243. One end of the first bellows 241 is connected to the vacuum inner conductor 23. The guide 242 passes through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor 23 and is connected to the coupling structure 243. The other end of the first bellows 241 is connected to the coupling structure 243. The vacuum inner conductor 23, the first bellows 241, and the guide 242 together define a first cooling channel 25 for the circulation of the cooling medium, thereby cooling the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23.

[0051] The first isolation window 21 is a ceramic window made of ceramic material, which allows high-frequency power to pass through, and is welded to the window frame 22 and the vacuum inner conductor 23 to achieve vacuum sealing and electrical connection.

[0052] Combination Figure 1 As shown, after connecting this power input coupler to the superconducting cavity 4, the coupling structure 243 is inserted into the interior of the superconducting cavity 4. The first bellows 241 can change synchronously with the change in the distance between the coupling structure 243 and the beam center of the superconducting cavity 4, thereby adjusting the coupling degree. The cooling medium can be water or other media, which can cool the first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23, allowing this power input coupler to withstand higher average power.

[0053] See Figure 10As shown, the interior of the window frame 22 is provided with a second cooling channel 221 for circulating cooling medium to cool the first isolation window 21. The second cooling channel 221 can circulate cooling media such as water and air. The second cooling channel 221 and the first cooling channel 25 are independent structures; however, in other embodiments, they can also be an integral structure.

[0054] See Figure 10 As shown, the vacuum assembly 20 also includes a flow divider 26 and a flow guide 27. The flow divider 26 is connected to one end of the vacuum inner conductor 23 and passes through the first isolation window 21. The flow guide 27 passes through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor 23. The flow divider 26 is provided with a cooling medium inlet channel 261 and a cooling medium outlet channel 262. The flow guide 27 and the vacuum inner conductor 23 together define a first cooling medium circulation inflow channel 251 connected to the cooling medium inlet channel 261. A guide 242 passes through the interior of the flow guide 27. The guide 242 and the flow guide 27 together define a first cooling medium circulation outlet channel 252 connected to the cooling medium outlet channel 262. The first cooling medium circulation inflow channel 251 and the first cooling medium circulation outlet channel 252 are both connected to the first bellows 241 and define a first cooling channel 25.

[0055] The cooling medium enters the first corrugated pipe 241 through the cooling medium inlet channel 261 and the first cooling medium circulation inlet channel 251, and is discharged from the first corrugated pipe 241 through the first cooling medium circulation outlet channel 252 and the cooling medium outlet channel 262 in sequence, thereby realizing the circulation of the cooling medium to cool the first corrugated pipe 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23. The outer wall of the first corrugated pipe 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23 is a high-frequency contact surface, and the inside is in contact with the cooling medium, which not only ensures low loss of high-power radio frequency power when passing through, but also controls the temperature rise.

[0056] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cryogenic assembly 30 includes a first connecting part 31, a cryogenic outer conductor 32, and a second connecting part 33. The first connecting part 31 and the second connecting part 33 are respectively connected to the two ends of the cryogenic outer conductor 32. The cryogenic outer conductor 32 is sleeved on the outside of the vacuum inner conductor 23. The first connecting part 31 is connected to the window frame 22 and is used to connect to the thermostat. The second connecting part 33 is used to connect to the superconducting cavity 4. Figure 6 As shown, the wall of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 is provided with a low-temperature flow channel 321 for the circulation of the low-temperature cooling medium.

[0057] The cryogenic cooling medium can be 5K liquid helium, which can minimize the low-temperature heat leakage caused by the coupler transitioning from room temperature to low temperature.

[0058] In this embodiment, a conductive layer is provided on the inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor 32. The conductive layer is made of copper with high conductivity and plated on the inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 to reduce the power loss of the high-frequency contact surface of the inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor 32, thereby reducing the low-temperature heat leakage of this coupler.

[0059] In some embodiments, the low-temperature channel 321 is spirally arranged around the low-temperature outer conductor 32 in the axial direction to achieve a more thorough cooling effect.

[0060] See Figure 3 As shown, the outer wall of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 is provided with a low-temperature medium inlet port 322 and a low-temperature medium outlet port 323. Both the low-temperature medium inlet port 322 and the low-temperature medium outlet port 323 are connected to the low-temperature flow channel 321. The low-temperature medium inlet port 322 is used to connect to the outlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source, and the low-temperature medium outlet port 323 is used to connect to the inlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source. The low-temperature cooling medium supply source is used to provide low-temperature cooling medium. The provided low-temperature cooling medium can enter the interior of the low-temperature flow channel 321 through the outlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source via the low-temperature medium inlet port 322, and then be discharged to the inlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source through the low-temperature flow channel 321 via the low-temperature medium outlet port 323, thereby realizing a circulating flow.

[0061] In this embodiment, after assembly, the vacuum component 20 and the cryogenic component 30 are assembled together with the superconducting cavity 4 in a clean environment, achieving clean assembly. The assembled system is evacuated and highly clean. Subsequently, the system is removed from the clean environment and installed as a whole in a thermostat. Because the system is in a sealed environment, contamination of the superconducting cavity 4 by external dust, oil, and solid particles can be avoided during installation, making it easier for the superconducting cavity to operate in a high acceleration gradient state.

[0062] The adjustment assembly 40 includes a support assembly 41 and a drive assembly 42. The support assembly 41 is mounted on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly 13, and the drive assembly 42 is mounted on the support assembly 41. The drive assembly 42 is connected to the guide member 242 and is used to drive the guide member 242 to move along its axial direction.

[0063] The guide member 242 is a rod-shaped structure. Driven by the drive assembly 42, the guide member 242 moves along its axial direction, which in turn drives the coupling structure 243 to move synchronously, thereby adjusting the insertion depth of the coupling structure 243 into the superconducting cavity 4. In practical applications, the drive assembly 42 can be controlled remotely to achieve online adjustment of the coupling degree.

[0064] See Figures 3-5 ,and Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the drive assembly 42 includes a drive motor 421, a guide rod 422, and a displacement sensor 423. The drive motor 421 and the displacement sensor 423 are both mounted on the support assembly 41. One end of the guide rod 422 is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor 421, and the other end of the guide rod 422 is connected to the guide member 242. The drive motor 421 is used to drive the guide rod 422 to move along its axial direction, thereby driving the coupling structure 243 to move synchronously through the guide member 242. The displacement sensor 423 is used to sense the distance and direction of the movement of the guide rod 422 in order to precisely adjust the depth of the coupling structure 243 inserted into the superconducting cavity 4.

[0065] In this application, the drive assembly 42 may be equipped with a control module for controlling the drive motor 421. The drive motor 421 can be remotely controlled through the control module so as to adjust the depth of the coupling structure 243 inserted into the superconducting cavity 4.

[0066] See Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the regulating component 40 also includes a return water component 43 and a water inlet component 44. Both the return water component 43 and the water inlet component 44 are installed inside the support component 41. The water inlet component 44 is connected to the cooling medium inlet channel 261, and the return water component 43 is connected to the cooling medium outlet channel 262.

[0067] See also Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the return water assembly 43 includes a second bellows 431, a connecting flange 432, and a return water pipe 433. One end of the return water pipe 433 is connected to one end of the second bellows 431, and the connecting flange 432 is connected to the other end of the second bellows 431. The connecting flange 432 is connected to the drive assembly 42. The guide rod 422 passes through the inside of the second bellows 431 and the inside of the return water pipe 433. The other end of the return water pipe 433 is connected to the cooling medium discharge channel 262.

[0068] In practical applications, after assembling the power input coupler with the superconducting cavity 4, the average power capacity of the coupler is evaluated. The simulation uses a forward continuous wave with an average power of 300 kW and 25°C water as the cooling medium. A schematic diagram of the heat distribution of component 10 at room temperature is shown below. Figure 13 As shown, the maximum temperature of the first bellows 241 is approximately 33℃, with the main heat generation locations being the first isolation window 21 and the atmospheric inner conductor 12, where the highest temperature is 52.253℃, meeting the requirements for coupler use. In practice, if a cooling medium is used in the atmospheric inner conductor 12, the average power that the coupler can withstand can be further increased. An analysis of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 using a low-temperature cooling medium is shown in the schematic diagram of its heat distribution. Figure 14As shown, the heat leakage rate of the low-temperature outer conductor 32 to the 2K low-temperature system is about 0.35W, which meets the requirements. In summary, the coupler has the characteristic of being able to withstand high average power.

[0069] In summary, the power input coupler provided in this application uses an atmospheric inner conductor 12 to set a first bellows 241, which is driven by a drive assembly 42. This allows the insertion depth of the coupling structure 243 into the superconducting cavity 4 to be adjustable, thereby achieving online adjustment of the coupling degree. The first bellows 241 and the vacuum inner conductor 23, which are in contact with high frequencies, are cooled by a cooling medium, and the heat generation can be effectively controlled. This allows the coupler to withstand higher average power and is also beneficial for the assembly of the coupler with the superconducting cavity 4 and the thermostat. Since the first bellows 241 is connected to the vacuum inner conductor 23 and is in a vacuum, it is not affected by the low-temperature environment of the superconducting cavity 4 on the cooling method of the first bellows 241, thus avoiding the high heat leakage rate caused by high electromagnetic heating when the first bellows 241 is inside the low-temperature outer conductor 32. At the same time, the vacuum assembly 20 and the low-temperature assembly 30 of this coupler can be assembled in a clean environment, ultimately achieving clean assembly with the superconducting cavity 4.

[0070] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A power input coupler, characterized in that, include: A room-temperature component includes a room-temperature outer conductor, an atmospheric inner conductor, and a waveguide-to-coaxial assembly. The atmospheric inner conductor passes through the interior of the room-temperature outer conductor, and both the room-temperature outer conductor and the atmospheric inner conductor are connected to and coaxial with the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly. The waveguide-to-coaxial assembly is used to convert the waveguide structure used by the power source to feed power into a coaxial structure. A vacuum assembly includes a first isolation window, a window frame, a vacuum inner conductor, and a coupling assembly. The vacuum inner conductor passes through the first isolation window, and the window frame is welded to the periphery of the first isolation window. The coupling assembly includes a first bellows, a guide, and a coupling structure. One end of the first bellows is connected to the vacuum inner conductor, the guide passes through the interior of the vacuum inner conductor and is connected to the coupling structure, and the other end of the first bellows is connected to the coupling structure. The vacuum inner conductor, the first bellows, and the guide together define a first cooling channel for the circulation of a cooling medium. The cryogenic assembly includes a first connecting part, a cryogenic outer conductor, and a second connecting part. The first connecting part and the second connecting part are respectively connected to the two ends of the cryogenic outer conductor. The cryogenic outer conductor is sleeved on the outside of the vacuum inner conductor. The first connecting part is connected to the window frame and is used to connect to a thermostat. The second connecting part is used to connect to a superconducting cavity. The wall of the cryogenic outer conductor is provided with cryogenic flow channels for the circulation of cryogenic cooling medium. The adjustment assembly includes a support assembly and a drive assembly. The support assembly is mounted on the waveguide-to-coaxial assembly, and the drive assembly is mounted on the support assembly and connected to the guide member. The drive assembly is used to drive the guide member to move along its axial direction.

2. The power input coupler as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a drive motor, a guide rod, and a displacement sensor. The drive motor and the displacement sensor are both mounted on the support assembly. One end of the guide rod is coaxially connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to the guide member. The drive motor is used to drive the guide rod to move along its axial direction, and the displacement sensor is used to sense the distance and direction of the guide rod's movement.

3. The power input coupler as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a conductive layer.

4. The power input coupler as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cryogenic flow channel is spirally arranged around the cryogenic outer conductor in the axial direction.

5. The power input coupler as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the low-temperature outer conductor is provided with a low-temperature medium inlet port and a low-temperature medium outlet port. Both the low-temperature medium inlet port and the low-temperature medium outlet port are connected to the low-temperature flow channel. The low-temperature medium inlet port is used to connect to the outlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source, and the low-temperature medium outlet port is used to connect to the inlet of the low-temperature cooling medium supply source.

6. The power input coupler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the window frame wall is provided with a second cooling channel for the circulation of cooling medium.

7. The power input coupler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The ambient temperature outer conductor has multiple ventilation holes that communicate with its interior.

8. The power input coupler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum assembly further includes a flow divider and a flow guide. The flow divider is connected to one end of the inner vacuum conductor and passes through the first isolation window. The flow guide passes through the interior of the inner vacuum conductor. The flow divider is provided with a cooling medium inlet channel and a cooling medium outlet channel. The flow guide and the inner vacuum conductor together define a first cooling medium circulation inflow channel connected to the cooling medium inlet channel. The guide member passes through the interior of the flow guide and together with the flow guide define a first cooling medium circulation outlet channel connected to the cooling medium outlet channel. Both the first cooling medium circulation inflow channel and the first cooling medium circulation outlet channel are connected to the first corrugated pipe and define the first cooling channel.

9. The power input coupler as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The regulating component further includes a return water component and a water inlet component. Both the return water component and the water inlet component are installed on the guide member. The water inlet component is connected to the cooling medium inlet channel, and the return water component is connected to the cooling medium outlet channel.

10. The power input coupler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide-to-coaxial assembly includes an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell is installed inside the outer shell. The atmospheric inner conductor is electrically connected to the inner shell, and the room temperature outer conductor is electrically connected to the outer shell. The inner shell, the outer shell, the room temperature outer conductor, and the atmospheric inner conductor are coaxial.

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