Method for preventing and controlling peanut southern blight by using photosynthetic high-fat film

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling peanut southern blight by using a photosynthetic high-fat film, which comprises the following steps: mixing a high-fat film, a nutrient film and a chemical pesticide, and dressing peanuts, thereby improving the prevention and control effect of the peanut southern blight, reducing the application amount of the pesticide, and increasing the yield per mu of the peanuts. The problems of large pesticide application amount and low effect in the peanut southern blight prevention process in the prior art are solved. According to the method, 29% pyrazol. Clothianidin. Thifluzamide FS, a high-fat film and a nutrient film are applied in a combined mode, so that the southern blight resistance of the peanuts is improved, the germination rate, the plant height, the grain weight and the kernel yield are increased, and finally the yield per mu of the peanuts is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts by using photosynthetic high-fat film. Background Art

[0002] Peanuts, as an important oil crop, play a crucial role in ensuring the national oil security. In Guangdong Province, peanuts rank as the second largest crop, second only to rice, with a planting area of up to 5.2 million mu. However, Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., has become a major threat to peanut production in Guangdong Province. Especially in the eastern and western regions of Guangdong, this disease has severely affected peanut yields. Currently, the prevention and control of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts mainly rely on chemical pesticides. However, the problem is that this disease mostly occurs in the later stage of peanut growth when the peanut plants have closed rows, making it difficult to effectively apply the pesticides. Besides cultivating disease-resistant varieties, using seed coating agents is currently the most effective simplified prevention and control measure. Currently, the types of seed coating agents available on the market for preventing and controlling Sclerotium rolfsii are limited, but Noposion Company has added the innovative ingredient thifluzamide to them. Thifluzamide, also known as thifluzamide, belongs to the thiazole carboxamide class of fungicides. It has strong systemic conductivity and long-lasting control effects and can be applied through various methods such as foliar spraying, seed treatment, and soil treatment. According to the Chinese pesticide classification standard, thifluzamide belongs to low-toxic fungicides. Research shows that thifluzamide has inhibitory effects on various pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilletia, Thelephora, and Pyrenophora, and has significant effects on diseases such as sheath blight and damping-off caused by Basidiomycetes fungi in particular.

[0003] However, relying on chemical pesticides to control Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts has also caused a series of problems, including increased costs due to increased pesticide usage, environmental risks, and resistance problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new method that reduces the amount of chemical pesticides used while maintaining high control effects to deal with Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts.

[0004] Photosynthetic high-fat film, as a biodegradable material, has received extensive attention in agricultural production in recent years. It is mainly made from natural macromolecular substances through special processing techniques and can form a uniform and breathable film on the surface of plants. This film can not only protect plants from pests and diseases but also regulate the growth environment of plants and promote the healthy growth of plants. In terms of preventing and controlling Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts, photosynthetic high-fat film has shown unique advantages. By covering the surface of peanut plants, photosynthetic high-fat film can effectively block the infection of Sclerotium rolfsii, thereby reducing the incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts. At the same time, the use of photosynthetic high-fat film can also reduce the amount of chemical pesticides used, lowering production costs and environmental risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling southern blight of peanuts by using photosynthetic high-fat film. By mixing the photosynthetic high-fat film with chemical pesticides and then dressing the peanut seeds, the method not only improves the control effect of southern blight of peanuts but also reduces the amount of pesticide application, increases the yield per mu of peanuts, and solves the problems of large amount of pesticide application and low effect in the process of preventing and controlling southern blight of peanuts in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for applying photosynthetic high-fat film for preventing and controlling southern blight of peanuts involves the following steps:

[0008] 1) Seed treatment before sowing: Shake the original solution of photosynthetic high-fat film (including two kinds of agents, high-fat film and nutrient film, and mix the two agents together during application). If coagulation occurs, tighten the bottle cap and soak it in warm water for 5 minutes. Mix high-fat film, nutrient film with seed coating agent (29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS) or 0.5% thifluzamide granule in a mass ratio of 0.15:0.15:0.15 to obtain the agent. Dilute every 100 mL of the agent with 100 L of water (equivalent to 200 catties of water), stir well, and then mix it with the peanut seeds per mu. After air-drying for half an hour, sowing can be carried out. Through the dressing treatment, the drought tolerance of peanut seeds can be enhanced. However, if there is more rain after sowing, it may affect seed germination. Therefore, this dressing method is especially suitable for peanut planting in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0009] 2) During the growth period of the plant, carry out spraying treatment: During the growth stage of the plant, prepare the high-fat film and nutrient film solution immediately before use. After preparing the agent according to the above dressing scheme, carry out 1000-fold dilution and ensure uniform mixing. Approximately 30 liters of the liquid medicine are required to be sprayed per mu of land. Spray 1 - 2 times during the seedling stage, 2 times during the flowering stage, and 1 time during the pod swelling stage. When spraying, ensure that the liquid is evenly distributed on the leaf surface, and adjust the nozzle to the best atomization state to save the dosage. Avoid spraying within half a day before and after rainfall.

[0010] The main component of the photosynthetic high-fat film is higher fatty alcohol. Among them, lauryl alcohol is one of the molecules naturally present in the plant cuticular wax layer and has been recognized by authoritative institutions as actually non-toxic, harmless to the environment, humans and livestock. The photosynthetic high-fat film can be mixed with most biological pesticides and low-toxic chemical pesticides, and at the same time can reduce the environmental pollution of pesticides and improve the effect of green prevention and control. In addition, the photosynthetic high-fat film can enhance the effect of chemical pesticides, induce changes in peanut endogenous hormones, improve the resistance of plants, and promote the formation of peanut root nodules. Preliminary studies have shown that it can also promote the germination of peanuts. The amino acids and trace elements contained in the photosynthetic nutrient film play an important role in promoting the swelling of peanut fruits. The application of the photosynthetic high-fat film can make up for the deficiencies of traditional green prevention and control in terms of yield increase and stress resistance.

[0011] Advantages of the present invention:

[0012] To achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of peanuts in the northern part of Guangdong Province, explore the effects of seed coating agent (SC), thifluzamide (TH), and the combined application of high-fat film + nutrient film (GZM+YYM) on the growth characteristics, resistance to southern blight, and yield traits of peanuts. A field experiment was carried out in the northern part of Guangdong in 2024, with the non-pesticide treatment (CK) as the control, to study the effects of single application of thifluzamide, single application of seed coating agent, and the combined application of seed coating agent, thifluzamide, and high-fat film + nutrient film (GZM+YYM) on the germination ability, plant height, 100-seed weight, resistance to southern blight, and yield of peanuts. The results of the one-year experiment showed that the plant heights of the SC+GZM+YYM, TH+GZM+YYM, SC, and TH treatments during the peanut germination period were significantly higher than those of the CK treatment, and the germination rates of the treatment groups during the germination period were all significantly higher than those of the CK treatment. The investigation results of peanut southern blight showed that the SC+GZM+YYM treatment had the best control effect on peanut southern blight, with the incidence rate of southern blight only being 4.11%; followed by the single SC treatment, with the incidence rate of southern blight being 4.36%. The incidence rate of southern blight in the thifluzamide treatment group was 7.21%, which was not significantly different from 8.03% of CK. The pod yields, kernel yields, 100-pod weights, and fresh pod weights of the SC and TH treatments were all significantly higher than those of the CK treatment, and the number of pods per plant, fresh pod weight, and 100-pod weight of the SC+GZM+YYM treatment were all significantly higher than those of the SC treatment, increasing by 27.78%, 10.5%, and 15.56% respectively compared with the SC treatment. The differences in the mu pod yield and fresh pod weight between the SC+GZM+YYM treatment and the TH+SC treatment were small, indicating that the effects of high-fat film plus nutrient film (GZM+YYM) and seed coating agent (SC) were similar. In terms of yield: the peanut yield of the nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent treatment was the highest, with the actual mu yield reaching 437.55 kg / mu, an increase of 14.02%. Followed by the nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide, with the actual mu yield reaching 368.18 kg / mu, an increase of 11.71%. In summary, the combined application of seed coating agent, thifluzamide, high-fat film, and nutrient film improved the resistance of peanuts to southern blight and increased the germination rate, plant height, grain weight, and kernel percentage, ultimately increasing the mu yield of peanuts. Description of the drawings

[0013] Figure 1 It is a diagram showing the effects of high-fat film and nutrient film in the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is the influence of each experimental treatment group on peanut seed germination and plant height in the embodiment; among them, A: the germination rate results of each experimental treatment group; B: the plant height results of each experimental treatment group; C: the results of the field experiment. The combination of seed coating agent and thifluzamide can improve the germination rate of peanuts and reduce the workload of farmers for replanting seedlings.

[0015] Figure 3This shows the effects of various experimental treatment groups in the examples on controlling southern blight of peanut and their impacts on yield. Among them, A: Picture of field harvest; B: Incidence of southern blight; C: Yield per mu; D: Plant height; E: 100-seed weight; F: Yield increase rate. Detailed implementation manners

[0016] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0017] Embodiment:

[0018] 1 Materials and methods

[0019] 1.1 Experimental site

[0020] In 2024, a field experiment was carried out in the northern part of Guangdong Province. The specific location was at the home of Chen Zhong, a farmer in Shaoguan.

[0021] 1.2 Materials

[0022] Test agents: High-fat film and nutrient film were provided by Zhuhai Runong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS was provided by Shenzhen Noposion Agrochemicals Co., Ltd., and 0.5% thifluzamide granule was provided by Shaanxi Biaozheng Crop Science Co., Ltd.; Test materials: Shanyou No. 1 peanut.

[0023] The test agents were used to prepare the agents for each experimental treatment group as follows:

[0024] 1) Nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide (0.5% thifluzamide granule):

[0025] The high-fat film, nutrient film and 0.5% thifluzamide granule were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.15:0.15:0.15 to obtain the agent. The agent was diluted with water to 1000 times, and 100 L of water was added to every 100 mL of the agent and stirred evenly.

[0026] 2) Nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent (29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS):

[0027] The high-fat film, nutrient film and 29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.15:0.15:0.15 to obtain the agent. The agent was diluted with water to 1000 times, and 100 L of water was added to every 100 mL of the agent and stirred evenly.

[0028] 3) Single application of seed coating agent: 29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS. Dilute the agent with water to 1000 times dilution. For every 100 mL of the agent, add 100 L of water and stir evenly.

[0029] 4) Single application of thifluzamide: 0.5% thifluzamide granule. Dilute the agent with water to 1000 times dilution. For every 100 mL of the agent, add 100 L of water and stir evenly.

[0030] 5) Thifluzamide + seed coating agent (0.5% thifluzamide granule + 29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS): Mix the 0.5% thifluzamide granule and 29% pyraclostrobin·clothianidin·thifluzamide FS in a mass ratio of 0.15:0.15 to obtain the agent. Dilute the agent with water to 1000 times dilution. For every 100 mL of the agent, add 100 L of water and stir evenly.

[0031] All experimental treatment groups completed the agent treatment before peanut sowing to ensure the reliability of the test results. Subsequently, the seed dressing treatment was carried out as follows: Sun-dry the peanut seeds for 1 - 2 days, weigh the mixed agents of experimental treatment groups 1, 2, and 5 according to 0.5% of the seed weight; for the experimental groups with single application, weigh the single agents of experimental treatment groups 3 and 4 according to 0.5% of the seed weight respectively. Finally, fully mix the diluted agent with the seeds evenly, and wait for the seeds to dry before sowing.

[0032] During the plant growth period, the spraying treatment was carried out as follows: Dilute the agent prepared in the experimental treatment group with water to 1000 times dilution and ensure uniform mixing. Approximately 30 liters of the liquid medicine are required to be sprayed per mu of land. Spray 1 - 2 times at the seedling stage, 2 times at the flowering stage, and 1 time at the pod swelling stage. Ensure that the liquid on the leaf surface is evenly distributed during spraying, and adjust the nozzle to the best atomization state to save the dosage. Avoid spraying within half a day before and after rainfall.

[0033] All treatment groups were operated according to the above methods to ensure that the agent evenly covered the seed surface. Before sowing, ensure that the soil maintains an appropriate moisture level for the seeds to germinate smoothly. In addition, to compare the effects of different treatment groups, a group of peanuts without any agent treatment was set as the blank control of the experiment to evaluate the incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts under natural conditions. Each treatment group followed the conventional cultivation management measures for field management to ensure the consistency of the test conditions.

[0034] 1.3 Determination methods

[0035] 1.3.1 Plant height measurement

[0036] Starting from the peanut germination period, every 10 days, select 3 representative plants with consistent growth vigor in each plot, and measure the peanut plant height with a tape measure. When measuring, the height from the root to the tip of the main stem is the peanut plant height.

[0037] 1.3.2 Determination of germination ability

[0038] The method is as follows: To determine the difference in the germination ability of peanuts after treatment in different treatment groups, take 20 transgenic peanut seeds each and place them in a plastic petri dish. Prepare a 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 solution to simulate natural conditions, and soak the selected seeds of each strain in the solution. Supplement the PEG 4000 solution in the petri dish every day to ensure sufficient moisture to meet the germination requirements of the seeds. Record and observe the germination of the seeds. A root length of 1 cm is used as the standard for germination, and record the germination rate and germination potential of the seeds.

[0039] 1.3.3 Determination of resistance to southern blight

[0040] During the peanut harvest period, investigate the disease incidence of peanut plants one by one. The disease grading investigation is slightly modified according to the standard of SHOKES et al. (1998): Grade 0: asymptomatic; Grade 1: 1 - 10% of the plants die; Grade 2: 40% of the plants die; Grade 3: 60% of the plants die; Grade 4: 80% of the plants die; Grade 5: 95% of the plants show wilting and death.

[0041] Identification of resistance level: The disease resistance of the tested peanut resource materials to southern blight of peanut is evaluated by using the five - level standard evaluation method of disease index. The calculation formula of disease index is: DI = {[∑(disease grade number × corresponding grade plant number)] / (total number of investigated plants × highest disease grade number)} × 100.

[0042] 1.3.4 Yield investigation

[0043] The yield investigation was carried out at the farmer's home on November 20th with 3 biological replicates. After the peanuts matured, they were harvested for yield measurement. Specific operation: Take 5 sampling points for each treatment, each sampling point is 2m × 2m. Count the number of individual plants, weigh the fresh fruit weight, and convert the planting density per mu (666.67 m 2 ) and the yield per mu. The drying rate is 50%, and the shrinkage coefficient is 0.85. At the same time of yield measurement, peanut agronomic investigations are carried out (plant height, main stem height (cm); number of branches per plant (pieces); number of fruits per plant (pieces); number of full fruits per plant, etc.). The experimental data is analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS software to test the significance of differences between the means of each treatment. Site selection: Ensure that the selected sites are representative and can reflect the general situation of the entire field. The sites should be randomly distributed throughout the field to avoid concentration in a certain area. Eliminate unqualified samples: Before weighing, rotten fruits, dead fruits, and unqualified peanuts need to be eliminated to avoid affecting the accuracy of the yield measurement results. Since freshly picked peanuts contain a high moisture content, when calculating the yield, it is necessary to perform dry - wet conversion according to the moisture content of the peanuts to obtain the actual dry - weight yield.

[0044] 2 Results and analysis

[0045] 2.1 Plant height and germination ability

[0046] The experimental investigation shows that the seeds treated with thifluzamide + seed coating agent germinate faster and the plant height is significantly increased (P < 0.01)( Figure 2 ). Compared with the treatment groups of nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide, nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent, single application of seed coating agent, and single application of thifluzamide, the germination rate is not significant, while the combination of seed coating agent + thifluzamide can slightly increase the peanut germination rate. Moreover, compared with the treatment groups of single application of seed coating agent and single application of thifluzamide, the plant height of peanuts during the germination period in the treatment groups of seed coating agent + thifluzamide mound and nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide is significantly increased. The research results show that the combined application of nutrient film + high-fat film during the peanut germination period can achieve an effect similar to that of the seed coating agent.

[0047] In addition, different treatments also have a certain impact on the growth potential of peanuts during the germination period. From the observation results, the seeds treated with the combination of thifluzamide and seed coating agent showed strong growth vitality at the initial stage of germination, with fresh green leaves and well-developed roots. Although the germination rate of the treatment groups of nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide and nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent was not significantly different from that of the single application of chemical agent treatment group, their growth potential was significantly better than that of the latter, manifested as stronger plants and larger leaf areas, which may be related to their enhanced photosynthesis ability of the plants. Further analysis found that the combined use of nutrient film and high-fat film can not only improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, but also promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by peanut roots, thus providing a more favorable growth environment for peanuts during the germination period.

[0048] 2.2 Peanut yield and resistance to southern blight

[0049] The experimental yields and yield increase rates of each treatment on peanuts are shown in Table 1. The results show that the peanut yield of the treatment of nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent is the highest, with the fresh fruit weight per mu reaching 1093.88 kg / 667 m 2 , and the yield per mu after converting to 40% dry weight reaches 437.55 kg / mu, with a yield increase of 14.02%. Followed by nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide, with the fresh fruit weight per mu reaching 920.46 kg / 667 m 2, the yield per mu after conversion is 368.18 kg. The yield increase is 11.71%. For the seed coating agent single treatment group and thifluzamide single treatment, the fresh fruit weight per mu reached 861.53 kg / mu and 852.41 kg / mu respectively, and the yield per mu after conversion reached 344.61 kg and 340.96 kg, with a yield increase of 7.57% and 6.65% (P < 0.01). The investigation results of the incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts during the harvesting period showed that the treatment of nutrient film + high-fat film + seed coating agent had the best control effect on Sclerotium rolfsii on peanuts, followed by the treatment of nutrient film + high-fat film + thifluzamide. The effects of the seed coating agent single treatment group and thifluzamide single treatment were not as good as those when mixed with nutrient film + high-fat film. It is speculated that the use of nutrient film + high-fat film will improve the drug efficacy( Figure 3 A).

[0050] Table 1 Yield investigation results and Sclerotium rolfsii disease resistance results of each experimental treatment group

[0051]

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling peanut white rot using photosynthetic high lipid membrane, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Preparation of the agent: mixing a high lipid film, a nutrient film and a thiophanate-based seed treatment agent at a mass ratio of 0.15:0.15:0.15 to obtain an agent, wherein the thiophanate-based seed treatment agent is 29% pyrazole·thiamethoxam·thiophanate-based FS or 0.5% thiophanate-based granules; 2) Seed dressing treatment: dilute the agent in step 1) with water 1000 times, mix it with peanut seeds after stirring evenly, and sow it after drying; 3) Spray treatment: dilute the agent in step 1) by 1000 times with water and spray during the plant growth stage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3), the spraying is performed during the plant growth stages: 1-2 times during the seedling stage, 2 times during the flowering stage, and once during the pod expansion stage.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3), 30 liters of liquid medicine is sprayed per mu of land.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), ensure that the liquid is evenly distributed on the leaves when spraying.

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