High-yield and high-quality cultivation technology for strong-flavor powder glutinous type areca-nut taro

Abstract

According to the high-yield and high-quality cultivation technology for the strong-flavor powder glutinous type areca taros, through scientific management measures such as land selection, seed selection, five times of topdressing, four times of stump ridging, irrigation and disease and pest control, the yield, quality and flavor of the areca taros are remarkably improved in combination with application of microbial fertilizers, organic fertilizers, plant ash, organic miscellaneous soil fertilizers and sheep and cow manure fertilizers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly focuses on a high-yield and high-quality cultivation technique for strongly fragrant, powdery and waxy taro. This technique uses microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, plant ash, organic soil miscellaneous fertilizer and sheep and cow manure as base fertilizer or soil covering. The application of microbial fertilizer includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, actinomycetes, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, photosynthetic bacteria, etc., and is applied in combination with potassium humate to further enhance soil activity and fertilizer efficiency. Background Art

[0002] Taro belongs to the perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Colocasia in the family Araceae. It is commonly used as an annual crop for both grain and vegetables in production. It is rich in edible nutrients such as starch, mineral elements, and mucin protein, and has significant economic benefits. However, traditional taro cultivation techniques often face many problems such as low yield, poor quality, light flavor, and susceptibility to pests and diseases. The existence of these problems seriously restricts the development of the taro industry. Therefore, the present invention proposes an efficient high-yield and high-quality cultivation technique combining microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, plant ash and sheep and cow manure soil miscellaneous fertilizer, aiming to effectively improve the yield and quality of taro. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: In view of this, the implementation of this application hopes to provide a high-yield and high-quality cultivation technique for strongly fragrant, powdery and waxy taro to solve the current situation of unreasonable planting methods, low yield, weak pest and disease resistance, and poor quality and flavor of strongly fragrant, powdery and waxy taro, so as to improve the yield, quality, stress resistance and flavor of taro.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical method of this application is implemented as follows: In the embodiment of this application, a high-yield and high-quality cultivation technique for strongly fragrant, powdery and waxy taro is provided, including the following steps:

[0005] (1) Site selection and land preparation

[0006] a. The principle is to plow the field early, plow deeply, and break up the soil finely.

[0007] b. Select loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile, loose and excellent drainage and irrigation conditions for planting.

[0008] c. Prepare the soil by deep plowing and maturing. One month before planting, plow the soil deeply by 30 - 40 cm and sun-dry it to expose the soil fully to sunlight to kill germs and insect eggs and reshape the soil aggregate structure.

[0009] d. Conduct land preparation 7 - 15 days before planting, and evenly spread microbial inoculant granular fertilizer on the planting land to activate the soil and promote the degradation of organic matter and nutrient transformation.

[0010] e. The plowing depth should be no less than 30 cm to ensure soft soil and create favorable conditions for the good growth of the roots of taro.

[0011] (2) Seed selection and seed taro treatment

[0012] a. Seed selection: Select healthy seed taros that are disease-free, wound-free, and have plump apical buds from the first-generation tissue-cultured virus-free taro cormels. They should be of uniform size, with a single weight of 70 - 100 grams.

[0013] b. Seed taro treatment: Select high-quality taro seeds, cut and clean the wounds and residues to ensure the integrity of the epidermis. Sun-dry the seeds for 1 - 2 days on sunny days, spread them out in a dry and well-ventilated place, and turn them over 1 - 2 times a day to promote wound healing, reduce the risk of pathogen infection, and ensure sowing quality.

[0014] c. Seed taro disinfection method: Soak the seed taros in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim for 10 - 20 minutes to ensure complete immersion for disinfection treatment.

[0015] d. Post-disinfection treatment of seed taros: After disinfection, rinse the seed taros with clean water and place them in a cool and well-ventilated place to dry for later use.

[0016] (3) Planting method

[0017] a. Adopt the double-row staggered high-ridge and deep-gutter planting method. The ridge width is 100 cm, the ridge height is 30 cm, the gutter width is 30 cm, the hole depth reaches the plow sole layer, the hole spacing is 50 cm, and about 1200 plants are planted per mu. For large taro plants, plant 1200 - 1500 plants sparsely; for medium and small taro plants, plant 1600 - 1800 plants densely.

[0018] b. After the Waking of Insects, when the temperature is higher than 15 °C, planting can be carried out. Place the taro seedlings flat at the bottom of the hole, with the apical buds facing the inner side of the ridge to avoid the taro plants growing towards the gutter side, which may affect farming operations and the risk of wound infection. The planting depth is controlled at 5 - 7 cm. In areas with conditions, covering with degradable plastic film can effectively maintain soil temperature and humidity, and promote the rapid germination and growth of seed taros.

[0019] c. Before the Grain Rain, complete the planting of taro seedlings. Plant 1 taro seedling per hole, and after planting, cover with about 2 cm thick organic fertilizer or fine soil ash (i.e., a mixture of plant ash, organic fertilizer, and fine loam on-site).

[0020] (4) Fertilization management

[0021] a. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is selected as 15000 kg / ha of well-rotted farmyard manure and 750 kg / ha of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. The ash used to cover the taro seedlings is 1500 kg / ha of plant ash and 1500 kg / ha of organic soil miscellaneous fertilizer (rapeseed cake, tea seed cake, sheep and cow manure).

[0022] b. Seedling stage: The first topdressing is carried out 7 - 10 days after emergence, applying 100 kg / ha of urea or watering 2000 kg / ha of decomposed manure urine diluted 3 times.

[0023] c. Vegetative growth stage: The second topdressing is carried out about 30 days after the first topdressing. Combining with soil hilling, apply 150 kg / ha of 45% compound fertilizer and 75 kg / ha of urea by hole application.

[0024] d. The third topdressing is carried out 30 - 35 days after the second topdressing. Combining with soil hilling, apply 225 kg / ha of high potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.

[0025] e. The fourth topdressing is carried out 25 - 30 days after the third topdressing. Combining with soil hilling, apply 225 kg / ha of 45% compound fertilizer.

[0026] f. The fifth topdressing is carried out 20 - 25 days after the fourth topdressing. Combining with soil hilling, apply 150 kg / ha of high potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.

[0027] g. After each topdressing, spray 0.2% - 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% medium and trace element solution on the leaf surface (it is advisable to use it in combination with pesticides and avoid mixing with alkaline pesticides).

[0028] h. During the fertilization process, avoid direct contact between fertilizers and seed tubers and plants to prevent root burning or seedling burning. Water in time after fertilization to promote fertilizer dissolution and absorption and improve fertilizer efficiency.

[0029] (5) Application of microbial fertilizer

[0030] a. Before planting and during each topdressing, apply microbial inoculant granular fertilizer.

[0031] b. Select suitable inoculants, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Actinomycetes, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and photosynthetic bacteria, etc. Appropriate inoculants can be mixed with topdressing for use during the whole growth period or diluted for root irrigation according to the ratio of 1:40 - 100.

[0032] c. Use fulvic acid potassium in combination with topdressing, applying 2 - 3 times during the whole growth period, 30 kg / ha each time, to enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, improve soil microbial activity, and enhance fertilizer efficiency.

[0033] (6) Irrigation management: The water management during the whole growth period of Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta follows the principle of keeping the soil moist (soil water content 60 - 70%), wet (soil water content > 80%), and dry (soil water content 40 - 50%) in the early, middle, and late stages.

[0034] a. Keep the soil in a moist state and strictly prevent over-infiltration and waterlogging.

[0035] b. Appropriately increase the irrigation frequency during the dry season.

[0036] c. Ensure the soil is moist from planting until before the 5-leaf stage, and avoid waterlogging in the taro holes.

[0037] d. After the 6-leaf stage, the plant growth rate accelerates and the water requirement increases. Keep the water depth in the furrows at 10 - 15 cm.

[0038] e. Drain the furrow water about 15 days before harvest.

[0039] f. Choose to irrigate during the periods of lower temperature in the morning and evening, and avoid irrigating at noon when it is hot, so as to prevent the plant from transpiring water too quickly and causing wilting.

[0040] g. The irrigation water volume should be appropriate to meet the normal growth needs of the plants, and prevent over-irrigation from causing soil waterlogging and affecting the root respiration.

[0041] (7) Pest and disease control. The general principle is prevention first and comprehensive control.

[0042] a. Regularly inspect the taro fields and promptly discover and handle pest and disease problems.

[0043] b. Adopt a combination of biological control, chemical control and physical control methods, and pay attention to the correct dosage and methods.

[0044] c. Biological control: Utilize natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings to prey on pests, or use biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana for control. For diamondback moths and armyworms, spray Bacillus thuringiensis on the leaves. For spider mites, release predatory mites such as Phytoseiulus persimilis to control the spider mite population. For blight, anthracnose and downy mildew, spray or drench with microbial inoculants such as Bacillus subtilis. For powdery mildew, use Paecilomyces lilacinus to inhibit spore growth and effectively control root-knot nematodes. For virus diseases, plant resistant varieties and combine with biological pesticides such as lentinan to enhance disease resistance.

[0045] d. Chemical control: When necessary, select highly effective, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides and spray them strictly according to the usage instructions. For aphids and mites, use pesticides such as imidacloprid and pyridaben for control. For diamondback moths, larvae of Spodoptera litura, etc., use pesticides such as abamectin and chlorantraniliprole for control. When spraying, evenly cover both the front and back sides of the leaves, avoid spraying during high-temperature periods, and reduce phytotoxicity and pesticide residues.

[0046] e. Agricultural control: Reasonable crop rotation such as rice - taro, avoid continuous cropping which may lead to the accumulation of pests and diseases, promptly remove weeds in the field to reduce the habitats of pests and diseases, keep the field clean, and promptly handle diseased and damaged plant parts to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

[0047] f. Physical control: Use yellow sticky boards to trap Diptera pests such as aphids, sucking pests, leaf miner pests, etc.; use blue sticky boards to trap thrips, flies and other pests; set up insect-proof nets to prevent pests from entering the field; use lights to trap adults to reduce pest reproduction and disease transmission.

[0048] (8) Earthing up and pruning

[0049] a. Earthing up is one of the key links to increase the yield of taro. Earthing up is carried out four times during the whole growth period. The general principle of earthing up is that the taro should not be exposed. The amount of earthing up follows the principle of being thin in the early stage and thick in the later stage.

[0050] b. The first earthing up is carried out when the seedling height is 30 - 35 cm, the second earthing up is carried out before the plants close the row, the third earthing up is carried out 15 - 20 days after the second earthing up, and the fourth earthing up is carried out 15 - 20 days after the third earthing up.

[0051] c. The height of each earthing up is controlled at 10 - 13 cm. Prune off the withered or diseased leaves to keep the plants growing healthily.

[0052] d. Use clean and sharp scissors for pruning to avoid causing mechanical damage to the plants. Timely clean up the pruned diseased and withered leaves to prevent the spread of diseases and pests.

[0053] e. On sunny days, each time of earthing up, cut off the lateral buds beside the mother taro or press down the lateral buds and bury them with soil to ensure the growth and swelling of the mother taro for yield increase and prevent the lateral buds from consuming nutrients.

[0054] (9) Harvesting and storage

[0055] a. The main harvesting period of taro is 7 - 9 months after planting, and it can be harvested until February - March of the following year according to the market demand.

[0056] b. When harvesting, dig out the whole plant and store it in a moist state.

[0057] c. Method for extending the harvesting period: When the leaves of taro turn yellow and naturally wither, which means the taro is mature, cover the whole ridge with strip-shaped film, seal the soil on both sides and retain the space for the plants to prevent freezing, resist cold and keep warm, keep it fresh in the field during winter, and delay the harvest until February - March to improve the quality.

[0058] d. It is advisable to choose sunny days for harvesting, and avoid rainy days or days with high humidity to prevent the surface humidity of taro from being too high and easy to rot.

[0059] e. When storing, it should be placed in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and avoid direct sunlight and high-temperature and humid environment.

[0060] The present invention has the following characteristics: Through scientific and rigorous management measures such as land selection, seed selection, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, soil hilling and pruning, harvesting and storage, and combined with the application of microbial bacterial fertilizers, organic fertilizers, plant ash, organic soil miscellaneous fertilizers, and sheep and cow manure fertilizers, the yield and quality of taro are significantly improved. At the same time, this technology greatly reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is extremely friendly to the environment, and meets the requirements of sustainable development of modern agriculture. Detailed implementation manners

[0061] The following are examples of the detailed implementation manners of the present invention, applied in the taro planting base in Qiyang, Hunan, to further elaborate on the technical features, cultivation process, and purpose requirements of the present invention.

[0062] The planting method of Qiyang betel nut taro in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Land selection and land preparation: Select sandy loam or loam land that is fertile, loose, has good drainage and irrigation conditions, and is suitable for taro planting and production. Prepare the land according to the standard of ridge and ditch. The ridge width is 1 meter, the ditch width is 30 centimeters, and the ditch depth is 30 centimeters. The ridge runs east-west, and the planting is facing south-north to ensure that the planting environment has good drainage and irrigation conditions.

[0064] (2) Seed selection and planting: Select seed taros propagated from first-generation tissue culture detoxified seedlings and strictly screened, and conduct sunning and disinfection treatments. Strictly follow the technical scheme of the present invention for double-row staggered high-ridge deep-ditch planting and management, with 1200 - 1500 plants planted per mu.

[0065] (3) Fertilization, soil hilling, irrigation, and pest and disease control: Five fertilizations and four soil hillings for cultivation management. In fertilization management, strictly follow the ratio requirements of basal fertilizer and top dressing, and strictly combine the application of microbial bacterial fertilizers and irrigation management to effectively control soil humidity and the occurrence of pests and diseases. Among them, during the swelling period of taro, 150 kg / ha of cooked soybean fermentation material, 150 kg / ha of a mixture of rapeseed cake / peanut cake / tea seed cake, 450 kg / ha of organic fertilizer, EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus are combined with top dressing of 150 kg / ha of sulfur-potassium compound fertilizer and 30 kg / ha of fulvic acid potassium, mixed evenly, and top dressed and hilled to promote the swelling of taro, nutrient conversion, synthesis and accumulation of flavor substances, and promote yield increase.

[0066] (4) Water control and harvesting:

[0067] After the taro is mature, cover the whole ridge with strip-shaped film, seal the soil on both sides to retain the plant space, prevent freezing, resist cold, and keep warm, and store it fresh in the field for the winter until February - March of the next year. 15 days before harvesting, drain the water layer in the field ditch to keep the soil dry. When harvesting, choose a sunny day, dig out the whole plant, and store the taro in a moist state.

[0068] After observing the entire growth cycle, the yield of taro has increased by 18.8% compared to the past, and the taste of the fruit is better, and the flavors such as fragrant and glutinous of taro have increased compared to the planting method with pure chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-quality cultivation technology for fragrant and glutinous betel taro, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Site selection and land preparation, seed selection and seed treatment, planting requirements for row and plant spacing, fertilization, application of microbial fertilizers, soil cultivation and side bud pruning, irrigation, pest and disease control, harvesting and storage.

2. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Choose sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation, and deep plowing to make ridges.

3. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: From the first generation of tissue culture virus-free betel taro, select seed taro, disinfect it, and plant it in double rows.

4. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fertilization management includes applying sufficient base fertilizer, five topdressings, and the application of microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and potassium humate.

5. The cultivation technique according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: Microbial fertilizer can be selected in granular or liquid form. The liquid form should be diluted at a ratio of 1:40-100 and irrigated to the roots.

6. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Soil accumulation and lateral bud pruning, accumulate soil four times and combine it with pruning lateral buds. In sunny weather, cut off or press down the lateral buds and accumulate soil.

7. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pest and disease control adopts a combination of biological control, chemical control, agricultural control and physical control, using the correct dosage and method.

8. The cultivation technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Harvest and storage: 15 days before harvest, drain the water layer in the field ditch and keep the soil dry. When harvesting, choose sunny weather, dig up the whole plant, and keep the betel taro moist for fresh storage.