Simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes by using potato seeds, through the links of seed treatment optimization, seedbed preparation, sowing key points, post-seedling management, harvesting key points, storage measures and the like, the germination rate and the plant rate of the potato seeds are remarkably improved, disease propagation is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And meanwhile, the quality of the seedling potatoes is improved. It is guaranteed that the seedling potatoes can live the dormancy period healthily, and the soil ecological environment is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of potato hybrid breeding, and in particular relates to a simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds. Background Art

[0002] Potato is my country's largest dual-purpose grain and vegetable crop. In 2024, the national potato planting area will be 4697 thousand hectares, and the total output will be 19.09 million tons, both ranking first in the world. However, my country's potato yield is low, which is not only related to cultivation and management technology, but also closely related to potato varieties and seed potato quality. Potato seed seedling raising, cultivation and seedling production are an indispensable and important link in conventional potato hybrid breeding, which directly affects the field evaluation results of later breeding materials. Traditional seedling potato breeding has processes such as centralized hormone germination, direct seeding in plug trays, and transplanting nutrient cups. The procedures are complicated, the germination rate is low, the survival rate is not high, the labor input is large, and the seedling potatoes are small. After sowing, the plants have poor emergence or weak growth, and the incidence of late blight and scab is high during the growth process.

[0003] The present invention breeds seedling potatoes with potato seeds. The present invention effectively improves the germination rate and disease resistance of seeds by optimizing seed treatment, seedbed preparation, sowing key points, post-seedling management, harvesting key points and storage measures, ensures that the seedling potatoes pass through the dormancy period in good health, and protects the soil ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient method for breeding potato seedlings. The present invention significantly improves the germination rate and plant success rate of potato seeds, reduces disease transmission, reduces production costs, and improves the quality of potato seedlings by optimizing seed treatment, seedbed preparation, sowing key points, post-emergence management, harvesting key points, and storage measures.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is a simple and efficient method for breeding seed potatoes from potato seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Seedbed preparation: Select a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient light, good ventilation and no Solanaceae crops planted therein as the seedbed, turn the soil of the seedbed to a depth of 25-35 cm, remove weeds and stones, and prepare the land. Apply 45-55 kg of pine needle soil and 12-18 kg of perlite per square meter, mix them evenly, and make a seedbed with a width of 1.1-1.3 meters and a height of 14-16 cm. The bed surface is flat, and drainage ditches are opened around to ensure smooth drainage. Use Bacillus subtilis agent to disinfect the seedbed. Use 40-60 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly, and then turn the soil to a depth of 9-11 cm for standby use;

[0007] (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries. After manually peeling the seeds, rinse them thoroughly with clean water to remove pulp impurities. Air-dry them and store them in a dry environment at 3 - 5°C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.05 - 0.15% potassium permanganate and 0.03 - 0.07% copper sulfate for 12 - 25 minutes for disinfection. Rinse the disinfected seeds with clean water 1 - 3 times to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds for standby;

[0008] (3) Seed germination acceleration: Soak the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.04 - 0.06% gibberellin and 0.08 - 0.12% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 10 - 14 hours. Take out the seeds, wrap them with a wet gauze, and place them in an incubator at a constant temperature of 23 - 27°C for germination acceleration. Keep the gauze moist and rinse the seeds with clean water 1 - 2 times a day. Cultivate for 6 - 8 days to obtain the germinated seeds for standby;

[0009] (4) Sowing: The sowing is carried out by drilling or broadcasting. First, mix the germinated seeds evenly with a dry seedling nutrient substrate, and then carry out drilling or broadcasting on the seedbed in step (1). The sowing temperature is 15 - 30°C. After sowing, evenly sprinkle water on the seedbed with a watering can, pour it through at one time, and then cover it with a plastic film to ensure that the seedling bed remains moist;

[0010] (5) Cultivation of seedling plants: After sowing, before emergence, uncover the plastic film and water once every 3 - 5 days, and pour it through each time to keep the soil humidity at 60 - 70%. Emergence can occur after 7 - 10 days under the condition of 20 - 23°C. After emergence, immediately uncover the plastic film covering it, cover the sunshade net in the netting shed, and use scattered light for seedling hardening. Evenly spread fertilizer A on the seedbed and keep the humidity of the seedling substrate at 60 - 70%. When the seedlings grow to 2 - 3 leaves, the sunshade net can be removed. When the seedling plants grow to 6 - 7 leaves, the seedling plants of variety C are obtained;

[0011] (6) Transplanting and planting: Transplant the seedling plants of variety C to a new seedbed under the weather condition that the temperature does not exceed 25°C. The row spacing is 30 cm and the plant spacing is 25 cm. When transplanting, insert a hole 8 - 10 cm deep in the seedbed with a thin wooden strip, plant 1 seedling plant in each hole, compact and fill the base of the seedling tightly, then pour sufficient root-fixing water at the root. Cover the sunshade net in the netting shed on the seedbed, and the shading rate is 30 - 40%. Remove the sunshade net after turning green;

[0012] (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, control the watering frequency according to the weather and soil humidity conditions to keep the soil in a state where it can be formed into a ball when held in the hand and scattered when the hand is loosened, preventing the seedlings from growing excessively; Fertilization management: One week after turning green, start topdressing with Fertilizer B at a rate of 40 L / mu, applying it once every 10 days. During the potato tuber setting period and the tuber swelling period, apply potassium sulfate once again at a rate of 15 kg / mu; When the plant height reaches 15 cm, spray the antibacterial agent once every 2 weeks, with each application rate of the antibacterial agent being 30 - 40 L / mu, and use 10 yellow sticky traps for each seedbed.

[0013] (8) Harvest: 90 - 120 days after sowing, when the above-ground part of the plant begins to wither and a relatively thick cork layer forms on the surface of the potato tubers, the true potato seeds are obtained and can be harvested.

[0014] (9) Storage: Spread the mesh bags containing the true potato seeds on the cold storage shelves for storage. The shelves should be at least 20 cm above the ground, the stacking height should be less than 40 cm to prevent extrusion, and there should be a certain distance between the stacks for ventilation. The cold storage has good ventilation, with a temperature of 2 - 4 °C and a humidity of 85 - 90%.

[0015] In the aforementioned step (1), for seedbed preparation: Select a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation conditions and no previous planting of solanaceous crops as the seedbed. Deeply plow the seedbed land by 30 cm, remove weeds and stones, level the land, apply 50 kg of pine needle soil and 15 kg of perlite per square meter, mix evenly, make a seedbed with a width of 1.2 m and a height of 15 cm, keep the bed surface flat, dig drainage ditches around to ensure smooth drainage, and use Bacillus subtilis agent to disinfect the seedbed. Use 45 - 55 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly and then turn the soil to a depth of 10 cm for standby.

[0016] In the aforementioned step (1), the Bacillus subtilis agent is prepared by taking 1 g of Bacillus subtilis original powder, mixing it with 99 g of water, and then diluting it 10 - 20 times with water. Each gram of the Bacillus subtilis agent contains 25 billion live spores.

[0017] In the aforementioned step (2), for seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries, manually strip the seeds, rinse them clean with water, remove the pulp impurities, dry them and store them in a dry environment at 4 °C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.05% copper sulfate for 15 - 20 min for disinfection, and rinse the disinfected seeds 2 times with water to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds for standby.

[0018] In the aforementioned step (3), for seed germination acceleration: place the seeds after cleaning and disinfection in a solution containing 0.05% gibberellin and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soak for 12 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with a wet gauze, place them in an incubator at a constant temperature of 25°C for germination acceleration, keep the gauze moist, rinse the seeds with clear water once a day, culture for 7 days to obtain the germinated seeds for standby.

[0019] In the aforementioned step (4), the seedling-raising nutrient substrate is coconut coir and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of coconut coir to vermiculite is 6:4.

[0020] In the aforementioned step (4), for drill seeding, first take a seedling-raising cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with the seedling-raising nutrient substrate, then take 100 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow on the seedbed in step (1) at a rate of 100 seeds per square meter. The seeding temperature is 15 - 30°C, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; when drill seeding, use a thin wooden strip to press the seedbed to form a groove with a depth of 2 cm, evenly sprinkle the mixed seedling-raising substrate and seeds into the opened seeding furrow, cover the soil with a thickness of 1 cm - 2 cm. After sowing, evenly spray water on the seedbed with a watering can, pour it through at one time, and then cover it with a plastic film to ensure that the seedbed remains moist.

[0021] In the aforementioned step (4), for broadcast seeding, first take a seedling-raising cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with the seedling-raising nutrient substrate, then take 200 - 500 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow on the seedbed in step (1) at a rate of 200 - 500 seeds per square meter. The seeding temperature is 15 - 30°C, and the soil covering thickness is 1 cm - 2 cm.

[0022] In the aforementioned step (5), fertilizer A is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.05% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0023] In the aforementioned step (7), fertilizer B is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the fungicide is composed of a 1000-fold solution of 50% oxazinone, an 800-fold solution of 30% flumorph, and a 750-fold solution of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. The humic acid water-soluble fertilizer contains a mixed aqueous solution of 5% - 10% humic acid, 1% trace element zinc, 2% boron, and 3% iron.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. Adopt a seed treatment method of low-temperature preservation and biological bactericide disinfection, effectively improving the germination rate and disease resistance of seeds.

[0026] 2. Introduce a biological bactericide for soil disinfection in the seedbed production, reducing the use of chemical pesticides and improving the soil ecological environment.

[0027] 3. Adjust the seeding depth according to the soil texture and humidity in the seeding key points to ensure suitable conditions for seed germination and seedling growth, and the seedling survival rate reaches 75.35%.

[0028] 4. In the post-seedling management, a combination of chemical control and physical control is adopted, effectively reducing the incidence of plant diseases and improving the quality of true potato seeds. During the breeding process, the incidence of late blight is only 1.5%, the incidence of potato scab is only 0.1%, the number of tubers per plant is 7.4, and the average weight of true potato seed tubers is 15.6 g.

[0029] 5. The harvesting method emphasizes mixed loading of the same combination, records the number of true potato seeds, and facilitates the planting and scientific evaluation of each hybrid combination.

[0030] 6. In the storage measures, attention is paid to the drying of tubers and the regulation of the storage environment to ensure that true potato seeds can spend the dormancy period healthily. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 : Comparison chart of seed germination between the experimental group and the control group;

[0032] Figure 2 : Comparison chart of tuber size of each hybrid combination between the experimental group and the control group (A1: Experimental group of PW2022 - 12; A2: Control group of PW2022 - 12. B1: Experimental group of PG2023 - 5; B2: Control group of PG2023 - 5).

[0033] Specific Embodiments

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments, but it shall not be used as a basis for limiting the present invention. The reagents, materials, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels without special instructions; the test methods used are conventional methods without special instructions.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Preparation of Bacillus subtilis agent: Take 1 g of Bacillus subtilis original powder, add 99 g of water and mix evenly, then dilute it 10 - 20 times with water, and you will get it (each gram of Bacillus subtilis agent contains 25 billion live spores);

[0037] Preparation of seedling nutrition substrate: Take coconut coir and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 6:4 and mix them to get it;

[0038] Fertilizer A is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.05% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

[0039] Fertilizer B is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

[0040] Humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, a mixed aqueous solution containing 5%-10% humic acid, 1% trace element zinc, 2% boron, and 3% iron;

[0041] The antibacterial agent is composed of a 1000-fold solution of 50% famoxadone, an 800-fold solution of 30% flumorph, and a 750-fold solution of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer sprayed;

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] (1) Seedbed preparation: Select a wire mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation conditions and no previous planting of solanaceous crops as the seedbed. Deeply plow the seedbed land by 30 cm, remove weeds and stones, level the land, apply 50 kg of pine needle soil and 15 kg of perlite per square meter, mix evenly, make a seedbed with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 15 cm, keep the bed surface flat, dig drainage ditches around to ensure smooth drainage, use Bacillus subtilis agent to disinfect the seedbed, use 45-55 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly and then turn the soil, with a depth of 10 cm, and set aside;

[0044] (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries, manually peel the seeds, rinse them thoroughly with clean water, remove pulp impurities, dry them and store them in a dry environment at 4°C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.05% copper sulfate for 15-20 min for disinfection, and rinse the disinfected seeds 2 times with clean water to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds, and set aside;

[0045] (3) Seed germination acceleration: Soak the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.05% gibberellin and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with a wet gauze, place them in an incubator at a constant temperature of 25°C for germination acceleration, keep the gauze moist, rinse the seeds with clean water once a day, and culture for 7 days to obtain the germinated seeds, and set aside;

[0046] (4) Sowing: The sowing is carried out by drill seeding. First, take a seedling cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with seedling nutrition substrate, then take 100 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow 100 seeds per square meter on the seedbed in step (1). The sowing temperature is 15-30°C, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; when drill seeding, use a thin wooden strip to press the seedling bed to form a groove with a depth of 2 cm, evenly sprinkle the mixed seedling substrate and seeds in the opened sowing ditch, cover the soil with a thickness of 1 cm - 2 cm. After sowing, evenly spray water on the seedbed with a watering can, pour it through at one time, and then cover it with a plastic film to ensure that the seedling bed remains moist, and that's it;

[0047] (5) Cultivation of seedling: After sowing, before emergence, uncover the plastic film to water once every 3 - 5 days, and water thoroughly each time to keep the soil humidity at 60 - 70%. After 7 - 10 days under the condition of 20 - 23°C, emergence will occur. After emergence, promptly uncover the plastic film covering on it, cover the sunshade net in the net - covered shed, and use scattered light to irradiate for seedling hardening. Evenly spread Fertilizer A on the seedbed, and keep the humidity of the seedling - raising substrate at 60 - 70%. When the seedlings grow to 2 - 3 leaves, the sunshade net can be removed. When the seedling grows to 6 - 7 leaves, the seedling C product of the seedling is obtained;

[0048] (6) Transplanting: Take the seedling C product and transplant it to a new seedbed under the weather condition that the temperature does not exceed 25°C, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. When transplanting, use a thin wooden strip to insert a hole 8 - 10 cm deep in the seedbed, plant 1 seedling in each hole, compact and fill the base of the seedling tightly, then pour sufficient root - setting water at the root. Cover the sunshade net in the net - covered shed on the seedbed, with a shading rate of 30 - 40%. Remove the sunshade net after the seedlings turn green;

[0049] (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, according to the weather and soil humidity conditions, control the watering frequency to keep the soil in a state where it forms a ball when held in the hand and disperses when the hand is loosened, preventing the seedlings from growing spindly. Fertilizer management: One week after turning green, start top - dressing Fertilizer B, with a application rate of 40 L per mu, applied once every 10 days. During the potato tuber - setting period and the tuber - swelling period, apply potassium sulfate once again, with an application rate of 15 kg per mu. When the plant height is 15 cm, spray the fungicide once every 2 weeks, with an application rate of 40 L per mu each time, and use 10 yellow sticky traps for each seedbed;

[0050] (8) Harvesting: 90 - 120 days after sowing, when the above - ground part of the plant begins to wither and a relatively thick cork layer forms on the surface of the potato tubers, the seed potato is obtained and can be harvested;

[0051] (9) Storage: Spread the mesh bags filled with seed potatoes on the cold - storage shelves for storage. The height of the shelves from the ground is not less than 20 cm, the stacking height is less than 40 cm, to prevent extrusion. Keep a certain distance between the stacks for ventilation. The cold storage has good ventilation, with a temperature of 2 - 4°C and a humidity of 85 - 90%.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] (1) Seedbed preparation: Select a screen house with good drainage, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and no previous planting of Solanaceae crops as the seedbed. Deeply plow the seedbed soil by 30 cm, remove weeds and stones, level the land, apply 50 kg of pine needle soil and 15 kg of perlite per square meter, mix evenly, make a seedbed with a width of 1.2 m and a height of 15 cm, keep the bed surface flat, dig drainage ditches around to ensure smooth drainage, and disinfect the seedbed with Bacillus subtilis agent. Use 45 - 55 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly and then turn the soil to a depth of 10 cm for standby;

[0054] (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries, manually peel the seeds, rinse them thoroughly with clean water, remove pulp impurities, dry them and store them in a dry environment at 4°C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.05% copper sulfate for 15 - 20 min for disinfection, and rinse the disinfected seeds 2 times with clean water to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds for standby;

[0055] (3) Seed germination acceleration: Soak the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.05% gibberellin and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with a wet gauze, place them in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for germination acceleration, keep the gauze moist, rinse the seeds with clean water once a day, and culture for 7 days to obtain the germinated seeds for standby;

[0056] (4) Sowing: The sowing method is broadcasting. First, take a seedling cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with seedling nutrient substrate, then take 200 - 500 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow 200 - 500 seeds per square meter on the seedbed in step (1). The sowing temperature is 15 - 30°C, and the soil covering thickness is 1 cm - 2 cm;

[0057] (5) Cultivation of seedling plants: After sowing, before emergence, uncover the plastic film and water once every 3 - 5 days, and make sure to water thoroughly each time to keep the soil humidity at 60 - 70%. Emergence can occur after 7 - 10 days under the condition of 20 - 23°C. After emergence, immediately uncover the plastic film covering it, cover the sunshade net in the screen house, and use scattered light for seedling hardening. Evenly spread fertilizer A on the seedbed, keep the humidity of the seedling substrate at 60 - 70%. When the seedlings grow to 2 - 3 leaves, the sunshade net can be removed. When the seedling plants grow to 6 - 7 leaves, the seedling plants of variety C are obtained;

[0058] (6) Transplanting and planting: Select the seedlings C of the seedlings grown from seeds and transplant them to a new seedbed under the weather condition that the temperature does not exceed 25°C. The row spacing is 30 cm and the plant spacing is 25 cm. When transplanting, use a thin wooden strip to insert holes 8 - 10 cm deep in the seedbed, and plant 1 seedling grown from seeds in each hole. Compact the base of the seedling, and then pour enough root-fixing water at the root. Cover the seedbed with a sunshade net in the net shed, and the shading rate is 30 - 40%. Remove the sunshade net after the seedling turns green;

[0059] (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, control the watering frequency according to the weather and soil humidity conditions to keep the soil in a state where it can be formed into a ball when held in the hand and scattered when the hand is loosened, preventing the seedlings from growing excessively. Fertilization management: Start top-dressing fertilizer B one week after turning green. The application rate of fertilizer B is 40 L per mu, and it is applied once every 10 days. During the potato tuber formation period and the tuber swelling period, apply potassium sulfate once again, and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 15 kg per mu. When the plant height reaches 15 cm, spray the antibacterial agent once every 2 weeks, and the application rate of each antibacterial agent is 40 L per mu, and use 10 yellow sticky traps for each seedbed;

[0060] (8) Harvesting: 90 - 120 days after sowing, when the above-ground part of the plant begins to wither and a relatively thick cork layer forms on the surface of the potato tubers, the potato grown from seeds can be obtained and harvested;

[0061] (9) Storage: Spread the mesh bags containing the potato grown from seeds on the cold storage shelves for storage. The height of the shelves from the ground is not less than 20 cm, and the stacking height is less than 40 cm to prevent extrusion. Keep a certain distance between the stacks for ventilation. The cold storage has good ventilation, the temperature is 2 - 4°C, and the humidity is 85 - 90%.

[0062] Example 4:

[0063] (1) Preparation of the seedbed: Select a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation conditions and no previous planting of solanaceous crops as the seedbed. Deeply plow the soil of the seedbed by 25 cm, remove weeds and stones, level the land, apply 55 kg of pine needle soil and 12 kg of perlite per square meter, mix evenly, make a seedbed with a width of 1.1 m and a height of 14 cm, keep the bed surface flat, and dig drainage ditches around to ensure smooth drainage. Use the Bacillus subtilis agent to disinfect the seedbed. The application rate of the Bacillus subtilis agent for each mu of the seedbed is 60 L. After spraying evenly, turn the soil, and the depth is 11 cm. Set aside for use;

[0064] (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries. After manually peeling the seeds, rinse them with clean water, remove the pulp impurities, dry them and store them in a dry environment at 3°C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.15% potassium permanganate and 0.03% copper sulfate for 12 min for disinfection. Rinse the disinfected seeds with clean water once to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds. Set aside for use;

[0065] (3) Seed germination acceleration: Place the seeds after cleaning and disinfection in a solution containing 0.06% gibberellin and 0.12% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soak for 14 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with wet gauze, place them in a constant temperature incubator at 23°C for germination acceleration, keep the gauze moist, rinse the seeds with clean water 2 times a day, culture for 6 days to obtain the germinated seeds for standby;

[0066] (4) Sowing: The sowing adopts the dibbling method. First, take a seedling cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with seedling nutrition substrate, then take 100 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow on the seedbed in step (1) at a rate of 100 seeds per square meter. The sowing temperature is 15 - 30°C, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; When dibbling, use a thin wooden strip to press the seedbed to form a 2-cm-deep groove, evenly sprinkle the mixed seedling substrate and seeds in the opened sowing ditch, cover the soil with a thickness of 1 cm - 2 cm. After sowing, evenly spray water on the seedbed with a watering can, pour it through at one time, and then cover it with a plastic film to ensure that the seedbed remains moist;

[0067] (5) Cultivation of seedling plants: After sowing, before emergence, uncover the plastic film and water once every 3 - 5 days, and pour through each time to keep the soil humidity at 60 - 70%. Emergence can occur after 7 - 10 days under the condition of 20 - 23°C. After emergence, immediately uncover the plastic film covering it, cover the sunshade net in the netting shed, and use scattered light for seedling hardening. Evenly spread Fertilizer A on the seedbed, keep the humidity of the seedling substrate at 60 - 70%. When the seedlings grow to 2 - 3 leaves, the sunshade net can be removed. When the seedling plants grow to 6 - 7 leaves, the seedling plant C product can be obtained;

[0068] (6) Transplanting: Transplant the seedling plant C product to a new seedbed under the weather condition that the temperature does not exceed 25°C, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. When transplanting, use a thin wooden strip to insert a hole with a depth of 8 - 10 cm on the seedbed, plant 1 seedling plant in each hole, compact and fill the base of the seedling, then pour sufficient root-fixing water at the root, cover the sunshade net in the netting shed on the seedbed, with a shading rate of 30 - 40%, and remove the sunshade net after turning green;

[0069] (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, according to the weather and soil humidity conditions, control the watering frequency to make the soil keep the state of holding together when held in the hand and falling apart when the hand is loosened to prevent the seedlings from growing in vain; Fertilization management: Start top-dressing Fertilizer B one week after turning green, with a Fertilizer B application rate of 40 L per mu, apply it once every 10 days, and apply potassium sulfate once again during the potato tuber formation period and tuber swelling period, with a potassium sulfate application rate of 15 kg per mu; When the plant height is 15 cm, spray the fungicide once every 2 weeks, with a fungicide application rate of 40 L per mu each time, and use 10 yellow sticky insect boards for each seedbed;

[0070] (8) Harvest: After 90 - 120 days of sowing, when the above-ground part of the plant begins to wither and a relatively thick cork layer forms on the surface of the potato tubers, the true potato seeds are obtained and can be harvested.

[0071] (9) Storage: Spread the mesh bags containing the true potato seeds on the cold storage shelves for storage. The shelves should be at least 20 cm above the ground, the stacking height should be less than 40 cm to prevent extrusion, and there should be a certain spacing between the stacks for ventilation. The cold storage has good ventilation, with a temperature of 2 - 4°C and a humidity of 85 - 90%.

[0072] Example 5:

[0073] (1) Seedbed preparation: Select a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and no previous planting of Solanaceae crops as the seedbed. Deeply plow the seedbed soil by 35 cm, remove weeds and stones, level the soil, apply 45 kg of pine needle soil and 12 kg of perlite per square meter, mix evenly, make a seedbed with a width of 1.3 m and a height of 16 cm, keep the bed surface flat, and dig drainage ditches around to ensure smooth drainage. Disinfect the seedbed with Bacillus subtilis agent, using 40 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly and then turn the soil to a depth of 9 cm for standby.

[0074] (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries, manually peel the seeds, rinse them thoroughly with clean water to remove pulp impurities, dry them and store them in a dry environment at 5°C. Soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.05% potassium permanganate and 0.07% copper sulfate for 25 min for disinfection, and then rinse the disinfected seeds 3 times with clean water to obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds for standby.

[0075] (3) Seed germination acceleration: Soak the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.04% gibberellin and 0.08% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 14 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with a wet gauze, place them in a constant temperature incubator at 27°C for germination acceleration, keep the gauze moist, and rinse the seeds with clean water once a day. After culturing for 8 days, obtain the germinated seeds for standby.

[0076] (4) Sowing: The sowing is carried out by broadcasting. First, take a seedling-raising cup with a specification of 8×12 cm, fill it with seedling-raising nutrient substrate, then take 200 - 500 germinated seeds and mix them evenly, and sow them on the seedbed in step (1) at a rate of 200 - 500 seeds per square meter. The sowing temperature is 15 - 30°C, and the soil covering thickness is 1 cm - 2 cm.

[0077] (5) Cultivation of seedlings: After sowing, before germination, uncover the plastic film and water once every 3-5 days. Water thoroughly each time to keep the soil moisture at 60-70%. Seedlings will emerge after 7-10 days at 20-23°C. After emergence, uncover the plastic film in time, cover with a sunshade net in the gauze shed, use scattered light to irradiate the seedlings, evenly spread fertilizer A on the seedbed, keep the humidity of the seedling medium at 60-70%, and remove the sunshade net when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves. When the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, the seedlings C are obtained;

[0078] (6) Planting and transplanting: Take seedling C and transplant it to a new seedbed under a temperature not exceeding 25°C, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. When transplanting, use thin wooden strips to dig holes 8-10 cm deep in the seedbed, plant one seedling in each hole, compact and fill the base of the seedling, and then water the roots to ensure that they take root. Cover the seedbed with a sunshade net in the gauze shed with a sunshade rate of 30-40%. Remove the sunshade net after the seedlings turn green.

[0079] (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, control the frequency of watering according to the weather and soil moisture conditions, so that the soil can be held in a ball and loosen when the hand is loose, to prevent the seedlings from growing too tall; Fertilization management: One week after the return to green, start applying fertilizer B, the application rate of fertilizer B is 40L / mu, once every 10 days, and apply potassium sulfate fertilizer again during the potato tuber stage and tuber expansion stage, the application rate of potassium sulfate fertilizer is 15kg / mu; when the plant height is 15cm, spray the antibacterial agent once every 2 weeks, each time the antibacterial agent is applied at a rate of 30L / mu, and use 10 yellow sticky insect boards for each seedbed;

[0080] (8) Harvesting: 90-120 days after sowing, when the aerial parts of the plants begin to wither and a thick cork layer forms on the surface of the tubers, the tubers are ready for harvesting.

[0081] (9) Storage: Spread the net bags filled with raw potatoes on the shelves of the cold storage for storage. The height of the shelves should be no less than 20 cm from the ground and the stacking height should be less than 40 cm to prevent squeezing. Keep a certain distance between the stacks to facilitate ventilation. The cold storage should be well ventilated, with a temperature of 2-4°C and a humidity of 85-90%.

[0082] The inventors conducted the following experiments to verify the effects of the present invention:

[0083] 1 Experimental Materials

[0084] 1.1 Test materials

[0085] In this experiment, 50 hybrid combinations were prepared by the Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology from 2022 to 2023. The number of seeds was counted, and for each hybrid combination, 2 samples were taken, one as the experimental group and the other as the control group, with 200 seeds in each sample (see Table 1). A comparative experiment between the traditional method and the method of the present invention was carried out. The experimental group all adopted the technical method of the present invention (the same as Example 1), and the control group adopted the traditional method.

[0086] Table 1 List of experimental materials

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] 1.2 Statistical method:

[0091] Seedling survival rate: At the time of harvest, the cumulative number of surviving plants of different treatments of the same hybrid combination was counted separately.

[0092] Seedling survival rate (%) = (number of harvested plants ÷ 200) × 100%.

[0093] Incidence of late blight: Starting from 30 days after transplanting the seedlings until harvest, at intervals of 7 days, the number of diseased plants of different treatments of the same hybrid combination was counted, and the maximum value was taken.

[0094] Incidence of late blight (%) = (number of plants infected with late blight ÷ number of harvested plants) × 100%.

[0095] Incidence of common scab: At the time of harvest, the incidence of single-plant potato tubers of the same hybrid combination was cumulatively counted. Regardless of the number of tubers formed, if there was any disease, it was counted as 1.

[0096] Incidence of common scab (%) = (number of plants infected with common scab ÷ number of harvested plants) × 100%.

[0097] Average number of tubers per plant: The number of tubers formed by single plants of the same hybrid combination was cumulatively counted. Average number of tubers per plant (pieces) = cumulative number of tubers of the same combination ÷ number of harvested plants.

[0098] Average weight of tubers per plant (g): The weight of tubers formed by single plants of the same hybrid combination was cumulatively counted. Average weight of tubers per plant (g) = cumulative weight of tubers of the same combination ÷ cumulative number of tubers of the same combination.

[0099] 1.3 Seed treatment and germination test

[0100] The control group was operated as follows: 1 hybrid combination seed was placed in a culture dish padded with gauze, covered with a layer of gauze, soaked the gauze and seeds with distilled water, and placed in a 25°C incubator. The remaining combination hybrid seeds were the same as above, and the combination and treatment marks were made on the culture dish. The experimental group was operated as follows: 1 hybrid combination seed was first placed in a 20ml centrifuge tube, and a mixed solution of 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.05% copper sulfate prepared with 15ml distilled water was sucked with a pipette, and the centrifuge tube was screwed and tightened to shake and mix, and the soaking time was 15-20 minutes. Rewash with distilled water twice, and 15ml distilled water was sucked with a pipette to prepare a solution of 0.05% gibberellin + 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the centrifuge tube was screwed and tightened to shake and mix, and the seeds were taken out and placed in a culture dish padded with gauze after standing for 12h, and then covered with a layer of gauze, and the gauze and seeds were soaked with distilled water, and placed in a 25°C incubator. The other hybrid seeds were grown in the same manner as above, and the combinations and treatment types were marked on the culture plates with a marker (see Table 2).

[0101] Table 2. Seed treatment germination test treatments

[0102]

[0103] 1.4 Sowing and seedling transplanting methods

[0104] The control group sterilized the substrate, controlled the substrate moisture content at 70-90%, and then loaded it into the seedling tray, and then evenly spread the seeds, covered the substrate by 1-2cm, and evenly sprinkled water with a watering can, and then maintained the moisture of the substrate. After the proportion of some seedlings reached 80% (most of the seedlings could not reach the emergence rate), the seedlings were transplanted to the nutrient cups compacted by the substrate. The experimental group first mixed the dry substrate with the seeds, pressed the seedling bed with a thin wooden stick to form a 2cm deep groove, and evenly spread the mixed seedling substrate and seeds in the opened sowing furrow, with a covering soil thickness of 1cm-2cm. Evenly sprinkle water with a watering can, and then maintain the moisture of the substrate. After most of the seedlings reached 80%, the seedlings were transplanted to the seedling bed (Table 3).

[0105] Table 3. Treatments of sowing and transplanting methods

[0106]

[0107] 2 Results and analysis

[0108] From Table 4, Figure 1It can be seen that the seedling emergence rate of the experimental group is generally higher than that of the control group. Among the experimental groups, the seedling emergence rate of the PG2022-13 hybrid combination reached 93.5%, and the seedling emergence rates of PW2022-12 and PG2023-5 also reached over 90%. There were a total of 31 combinations with a seedling emergence rate above 75%. In the control group, there were 9 combinations with a seedling emergence rate below 50%, the lowest seedling emergence rate was only 38.5%, and the highest seedling emergence rate was 77%. In terms of the incidence of late blight and common scab, the experimental group performed better than the control group. Among the experimental groups, 23 combinations had a late blight incidence not exceeding 1%, and the average incidence of 50 groups was only 1.5%. The tubers of 46 combinations were not infected with common scab, and the average incidence of common scab in 50 groups was only 0.1%. In the control group, except for the 3 hybrid combinations of PW2023-29, PW2023-16, and PW2023-19 where no late blight infection was found, late blight occurred to varying degrees in the rest, and the average incidence of 50 groups reached 3.3%. The incidence of common scab in the control group was relatively high, with an average of 0.4% in 50 groups.

[0109] In terms of the average number of tubers per plant, it was 7.4 in the experimental group and only 4.8 in the control group; in terms of the average weight of tubers per plant, it was 15.6 g in the experimental group and only 8.5 g in the control group. Both the quantity and weight in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.

[0110] As can be seen from Table 1, when using the method of true potato seed breeding according to the present invention, the seedling emergence rate reached 75.35%, the incidence of late blight during the breeding process was 1.5%, the incidence of common scab of tubers was 0.1%, the number of tubers per plant was 7.4, and the average weight of true potato seed tubers was 15.6 g. All were better than the traditional breeding method (see Figure 1 , in the experimental group, the present invention method was adopted, and for the emergence of seeds of some hybrid combinations, the emergence was neat; in the control group, the conventional method was adopted, and for the germination of seeds of some hybrid combinations, the emergence performance was poor; see Figure 2 , for the comparison of the tuber size of each hybrid combination in the experimental group and the control group, the tuber shape in the experimental group was significantly larger compared with the control group).

[0111] Table 4. Comparison of evaluation indicators

[0112]

[0113]

Claims

1. A simple and efficient method for breeding potato seeds into seedling potatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seedbed preparation: Select a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient light, good ventilation and no Solanaceae crops planted therein as the seedbed, turn the soil of the seedbed to a depth of 25-35 cm, remove weeds and stones, and prepare the land. Apply 45-55 kg of pine needle soil and 12-18 kg of perlite per square meter, mix them evenly, and make a seedbed with a width of 1.1-1.3 meters and a height of 14-16 cm. The bed surface is flat, and drainage ditches are opened around to ensure smooth drainage. Use Bacillus subtilis agent to disinfect the seedbed. Use 40-60 L of Bacillus subtilis agent per mu of seedbed, spray evenly, and then turn the soil to a depth of 9-11 cm for standby use; (2) Seed cleaning and disinfection: Select healthy and mature potato berries, peel the seeds manually, rinse them with clean water, remove impurities in the pulp, dry them in the air and store them in a dry environment at 3-5°C, soak the stored seeds in a mixed solution containing 0.05-0.15% potassium permanganate and 0.03-0.07% copper sulfate for 12-25 minutes for disinfection, rinse the disinfected seeds with clean water for 1-3 times, and obtain the cleaned and disinfected seeds for later use; (3) Seed germination: Soak the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.04-0.06% gibberellin and 0.08-0.12% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 10-14 hours, take out the seeds, wrap them with wet gauze, and place them in a constant temperature incubator at 23-27° C. for germination, keep the gauze moist, rinse the seeds with clean water 1-2 times a day, and culture them for 6-8 days to obtain the germinated seeds for later use; (4) Sowing: Sowing is carried out by row sowing or broadcast sowing. First, take the germinated seeds and mix them evenly with the dry seedling nutrient medium, and then sow them in rows or broadcast on the seedbed in step (1). The sowing temperature is 15-30°C. After sowing, use a watering can to evenly spray water on the seedbed, water it thoroughly at one time, and then cover it with plastic film to ensure that the seedbed remains moist. (5) Cultivation of seedlings: After sowing, before germination, uncover the plastic film and water once every 3-5 days. Water thoroughly each time to keep the soil moisture at 60-70%. Seedlings will emerge after 7-10 days at 20-23°C. After emergence, uncover the plastic film in time, cover with a sunshade net in the gauze shed, use scattered light to irradiate the seedlings, evenly spread fertilizer A on the seedbed, keep the humidity of the seedling medium at 60-70%, and remove the sunshade net when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves. When the seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, the seedlings C are obtained; (6) Planting and transplanting: Take seedling C and transplant it to a new seedbed under a temperature not exceeding 25°C, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. When transplanting, use thin wooden strips to dig holes 8-10 cm deep in the seedbed, plant one seedling in each hole, compact and fill the base of the seedling, and then water the roots to ensure that they take root. Cover the seedbed with a sunshade net in the gauze shed with a sunshade rate of 30-40%. Remove the sunshade net after the seedlings turn green. (7) Field management: Water management: After transplanting, control the frequency of watering according to the weather and soil moisture conditions, so that the soil can be held in a ball and loosened by loose hands to prevent the seedlings from growing too tall; Fertilization management: One week after the return to green, start applying fertilizer B at a rate of 40 L / mu, once every 10 days. During the potato tuber formation and tuber expansion period, apply potassium sulfate fertilizer again at a rate of 15 kg / mu; when the plant height is 15 cm, spray the antibacterial agent once every 2 weeks, each time applying the antibacterial agent at a rate of 30-40 L / mu, and use 10 yellow sticky insect boards for each seedbed; (8) Harvesting: 90-120 days after sowing, when the aerial parts of the plants begin to wither and a thick cork layer forms on the surface of the tubers, the tubers are ready for harvesting. (9) Storage: Spread the net bags filled with raw potatoes on the shelves of the cold storage for storage. The height of the shelves should be no less than 20 cm from the ground and the stacking height should be less than 40 cm to prevent squeezing. Keep a certain distance between the stacks to facilitate ventilation. The cold storage should be well ventilated, with a temperature of 2-4°C and a humidity of 85-90%.

2. The method for breeding potato seedlings from potato seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the seedbed is prepared by selecting a mesh shed with good drainage, sufficient light, good ventilation and no Solanaceae crops planted therein as the seedbed, turning the soil of the seedbed to a depth of 30 cm, removing weeds and stones, and leveling the land. 50 kg of pine needle soil and 15 kg of perlite are applied per square meter and mixed evenly to form a seedbed with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 15 cm. The bed surface is flat, drainage ditches are opened around the bed to ensure smooth drainage, and the seedbed is disinfected with a Bacillus subtilis agent. 45-55 L of the Bacillus subtilis agent is used per mu of the seedbed, and the soil is turned to a depth of 10 cm after evenly spraying, and the soil is kept aside.

3. The method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step (1), the Bacillus subtilis agent is prepared by adding 1 g of Bacillus subtilis powder to 99 g of water, and then diluting the mixture by 10-20 times with water. Each gram of the Bacillus subtilis agent contains 25 billion live spores.

4. The simple and efficient method for breeding seed potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the seeds are cleaned and disinfected: healthy and mature potato berries are selected, seeds are manually peeled, rinsed with clean water, pulp impurities are removed, dried and stored in a dry environment at 4°C, the stored seeds are soaked in a mixed solution containing 0.1% potassium permanganate and 0.05% copper sulfate for 15-20 minutes for disinfection, and the disinfected seeds are rinsed with clean water twice to obtain cleaned and disinfected seeds for standby use.

5. The simple and efficient method for breeding seed potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the seeds are germinated by soaking the cleaned and disinfected seeds in a solution containing 0.05% gibberellin and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hours, taking out the seeds, wrapping them with wet gauze, and placing them in a 25°C constant temperature incubator for germination, keeping the gauze moist, rinsing the seeds with clean water once a day, culturing for 7 days, and obtaining the germinated seeds for later use.

6. The simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the seedling nutrient matrix is ​​coconut bran and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of coconut bran to vermiculite is 6:

4.

7. The simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the row sowing is to first take a seedling cup of 8×12 cm, fill it with seedling nutrient matrix, then take 100 seeds after germination and mix them evenly, and sow 100 seeds per square meter on the seedbed in step (1), the sowing temperature is 15-30°C, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; when sowing, use a thin wooden stick to press the seedling bed to form a 2 cm deep groove, and evenly spread the mixed seedling matrix and seeds in the opened sowing furrow, and the thickness of the soil is 1 cm-2 cm. After the sowing is completed, use a watering can to evenly spray water on the seedling bed, water it thoroughly at one time, and then cover it with plastic film to ensure that the seedling bed remains moist.

8. The simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the sowing is performed by first taking a seedling cup of 8×12 cm in size, filling it with a seedling nutrient medium, then taking 200-500 seeds after germination and mixing them evenly, and sowing 200-500 seeds per square meter on the seedbed in step (1). The sowing temperature is 15-30°C, and the soil thickness is 1cm-2cm.

9. The simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), fertilizer A is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.05% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

10. The simple and efficient method for breeding seedling potatoes from potato seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (7), fertilizer B is a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the antibacterial agent is composed of a 1000-fold solution of 50% oxathiapiprolin, an 800-fold solution of 30% flumorph and a 750-fold solution of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer contains a mixed aqueous solution of 5%-10% humic acid, 1% trace element zinc, 2% boron and 3% iron.

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