On-site synchronous experimental device and experimental method for atmospheric contamination exposure of animals and application of on-site synchronous experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of toxicity testing, and discloses an on-site synchronous experimental device and experimental method for atmospheric contamination and exposure of animals and application thereof.The device comprises a main portable box, an exposure experimental unit, an auxiliary portable box and an experimental support unit which are modularly designed and detachably connected, and can be flexibly carried to various environmental event sites; animal exposure contamination experiments can be rapidly carried out at any time; by adopting a multi-exposure cabin and multi-concentration exposure experiment design, a plurality of concentration gradient experiments can be carried out in the same time, and a toxicity evaluation experiment can be completed in a shorter time. The device and the method provided by the invention are combined with each other, the field atmosphere can be used as an exposure research object at any time, toxicity evaluation experiments of ambient air under multiple concentration conditions can be carried out at the same time, and more real and effective experimental data can be obtained under real experimental conditions; the problems of rapid health risk assessment of field environmental pollution events and improvement of the accuracy of assessment results are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of toxicity testing, and particularly relates to an on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal inhalation exposure to air pollutants. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid economic development and accelerating urbanization in recent years, the World Health Organization and governments of various countries have gradually tightened the health standards for air pollution. Therefore, the assessment, treatment and prevention research on the health hazards of air pollution environmental incidents have become increasingly important. Thus, it has become extremely urgent to obtain scientific data through experimental devices (real or simulated) to evaluate the health risks of humans or animals in actual polluted environments and further support the formulation of environmental protection and public health policies.

[0003] Regarding the experimental techniques for environmental incidents such as air pollution, currently, it mainly focuses on simulating the generation of pollutant aerosols in the laboratory or conducting research in the laboratory after environmental sampling. Since the composition of ambient air (aerosol) is very complex and its components and concentration are prone to physical or chemical changes due to environmental variations, the two commonly used methods lack both authenticity and timeliness and cannot quickly and truly conduct toxicity assessment on the site of pollution and other environmental incidents.

[0004] To solve the problems existing in laboratory simulation, the Chinese invention application with the publication number CN114145880A discloses a multi-channel modular animal inhalation exposure chamber and exposure system, which includes a test chamber. A side door is hinged on the side opening of the test chamber. The test chamber is provided with a fog inlet, a detection port, an air inlet and an air outlet, and the test chamber is used to place experimental animals. The multi-channel modular animal inhalation exposure chamber of this invention is applicable to both the inhalation exposure experiments with controllable dosage and conditions in the laboratory and the outdoor exposure research in the actual environment. That is, experimental animals can be exposed to atomized aerosol particles, simulated toxic gases, tail gases, flue gases, etc., and can also be exposed to the external actual atmospheric environment. Moreover, through modular combination, it can simultaneously achieve the simultaneous exposure research on multiple groups of animals, different target pollutants and different exposure dosages. However, the technology of this patent application requires a relatively large test chamber, clean air cylinders, etc. The overall equipment is large in volume, heavy in weight and has complex pipelines, making it difficult to deploy quickly. The exposure chambers are distributed in parallel up and down, and the side doors can be opened to communicate with the external atmosphere, but it is impossible to ensure the consistency of the gas concentration entering the exposure chambers, and it is also difficult to accurately adjust the exposure concentration in each exposure chamber, and it cannot operate automatically. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the requirements of rapid deployment and rapid completion of exposure experiments at the site of environmental pollution incidents.

[0005] In terms of portability, the invention application with the publication number CN114767318A discloses a portable animal breathing exposure experiment system, which includes a gas supply device, a particulate matter exposure chamber, a first temperature and humidity meter, a particulate matter detector, a vacuum pump, etc. The gas supply device includes a relatively large air compressor, a vacuum pump and an aerosol generator, and there is only one exposure chamber; this document does not record how to achieve portability. In fact, since each component is an independent structure, before transportation, each part needs to be disassembled, separately packaged and boxed, and then unpacked and installed on site; due to the large volume and heavy weight of the air compressor, aerosol generator and particulate matter exposure chamber it uses, it is actually difficult to meet the requirements of rapid packaging, transportation, unpacking, deployment and automatic operation, etc.

[0006] Therefore, the existing animal atmospheric poisoning exposure experimental equipment, which is large in volume, heavy in weight and has complex pipelines, cannot meet the needs of being lightweight, centrally boxed and quickly carried to the site of environmental pollution incidents for rapid deployment of exposure experiments; at the same time, it has a small number of exposure chambers, complex pipeline connections, and cumbersome experimental methods, and cannot carry out multiple concentration gradient experiments at the same time, and cannot ensure the consistency of the distribution of on-site air pollutants (or aerosol particle size) in all concentration gradient experimental exposure chambers, which affects the accuracy of experimental data, and the comparability between the obtained experimental data is also poor. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal atmospheric poisoning exposure, which is lightweight, small in volume, has simple pipelines, and is accommodated and carried by a fixed box body. By synchronously improving the device structure and experimental method, while realizing the portability of the device, it also greatly simplifies the deployment and experimental steps, can carry out multiple groups and multiple concentration gradient experiments at the same time on site, and can ensure the consistency of the distribution of on-site exposure gas (or aerosol particle size) in all concentration gradient experimental exposure chambers, making the device run automatically and be precisely controlled, ensuring the accuracy of experimental data, so as to be further applied to the toxicity evaluation of atmospheric poisoning exposure and the rapid health risk assessment of atmospheric environmental pollution, and solve various problems of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0008] The present invention provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above purpose: A on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric poisoning exposure, characterized in that it includes a main portable box and an exposure experiment unit, a secondary portable box and an experimental support unit, which are modularly designed and detachably connected; Among them, each component of the exposure experiment unit is arranged in the main portable box, including: A triple exposure chamber kit, an air extraction filter, an air extraction mass flow controller, a dilution air mass flow controller, a dilution air filter; Each component of the experimental support unit is arranged in the secondary portable box, including: DC mobile power supply, positive pressure air pump, negative pressure air pump; When in use, after carrying the main portable box and the exposure experimental unit, the secondary portable box and the experimental support unit to the site at the same time, connect each component through the air delivery connecting pipe to form a field synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, and directly conduct the field atmospheric exposure to toxicants experiment for environmental events. Exposure experiments at three concentrations of low, medium, and high can be carried out synchronously.

[0009] A field synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of the field synchronous experimental device Carry the main portable box and the exposure experimental unit, the secondary portable box and the experimental support unit of the field synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants to the experimental (environmental event) site; Open the upper covers of the main portable box and the secondary portable box, take out the components of the exposure experimental unit and the experimental support unit therein, and then connect each component through the air delivery connecting pipe or conduct electrical connection through wires to form a field synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants; S2. Preparation for the field synchronous animal exposure to toxicants experiment Determine the exposure experiment plan, including exposure dose and exposure process control, determine the control parameters of the animal exposure to toxicants experiment, and prepare the experimental animals; S3. Conduct the animal exposure to toxicants experiment synchronously on-site Divide the experimental animals into three groups of animals, and correspondingly load them into a single exposure chamber of the field synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants. Control the operating parameters of each part of the field synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, and conduct the triple synchronous exposure process control until the required duration; During the experiment, each independent single exposure chamber in the triple exposure chamber kit works independently of each other; Control the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the exposure aerosol flow rate F-AER entering each single exposure chamber through synchronous control, precisely adjust the dilution air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate, and then precisely control the flow rate of the field exposure gas (or aerosol) inhaled, and synchronously achieve gradient exposure to toxicants experiments at three concentrations of low, medium, and high simultaneously; S4. Storage of the field synchronous experimental device After the experiment, remove the gas supply connecting pipes connecting the components, put each component back to its original position in the main portable box and the auxiliary portable box, close the upper covers of the main portable box and the auxiliary portable box, and then transport each component safely and portably to the next experimental site. Repeat steps S1 - S4 to conduct a new animal exposure and inhalation toxicity experiment.

[0010] Application of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal inhalation exposure to air, or the on-site synchronous experimental method for animal inhalation exposure to air, in the toxicity evaluation of inhalation exposure and the rapid health risk assessment of air environmental pollution.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. Aiming at various deficiencies of the existing animal inhalation exposure experimental equipment and methods, the present invention provides an on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal inhalation exposure with a modular and lightweight design, small volume, simple pipeline, and carried in a fixed box. By synchronously improving the device structure and experimental method, while realizing the portability of the multi-unit exposure device, the experimental steps are greatly simplified, and multiple concentration gradient experiments can be carried out at the same time. At the same time, the consistency of the distribution of on-site air pollutants (aerosol particle size) in the exposure chambers of all concentration gradient experiments can be ensured, and the accuracy, timeliness and comparability of experimental data can be guaranteed, so as to further apply the experimental data to the toxicity evaluation of inhalation exposure and the rapid and accurate health risk assessment of air environmental pollution.

[0012] 2. The experimental device of the present invention adopts a portable structure design, that is, the whole experimental device is placed in two portable instrument boxes, which can be flexibly carried to various environmental sites and can conduct animal exposure and inhalation toxicity experiments at any time. At the same time, in order to carry out toxicity evaluation more efficiently and quickly, a multi-exposure chamber simultaneous multi-concentration exposure experimental design is adopted to carry out multiple concentration gradient experiments at the same time for completion in a shorter time. In order to ensure the consistency of the aerosol particle size distribution in the exposure chambers of all concentration gradient experiments, the positions of multiple exposure chambers in the present invention are designed into a radial structure layout with a three-equal-part circumferential symmetry, which greatly simplifies the design of the multi-unit exposure gas path and is easy to realize the precise and synchronous control of the experimental process.

[0013] 3. The experimental device and method provided by the present invention are combined with each other, and can carry out toxicity evaluation experiments on ambient air under multiple concentration conditions simultaneously at the site under more realistic experimental conditions. Moreover, the aerosol component distribution in the exposure experiment is highly consistent, and the experimental data is more real, effective and comparable, which well solves the various requirements for on-site experimental data in the rapid health risk assessment research of the actual polluted environment. The present invention can also take into account the simulation experiment or sampling experiment in the laboratory, with dual functions. By simulating the real exposure scenario at the environmental event site (such as air pollution, etc.) in the laboratory and precisely controlling multiple concentrations and gradients, the obtained experimental data can also have more extrapolation value, can be applied to more research fields, and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of the equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall storage and the upper cover unfolding of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal inhalation exposure in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal inhalation exposure in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional external shape structural schematic diagram of the triple exposure chamber kit in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the triple exposure chamber kit in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the triple exposure chamber kit in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the triple exposure chamber kit after removing the transparent upper cover in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the passage connection structure and aerosol flow in the single exposure chamber in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is an assembly structural schematic diagram of the passage connection in the single exposure chamber in the embodiment of the present invention (the gas transmission connection pipe is omitted).

[0015] Reference Signs: 1. Main portable box; 1a. Upper cover of the main portable box body; 1b. Main body of the main portable box; 2. Sub-portable box; 2a. Upper cover of the sub-portable box body; 2b. Main body of the sub-portable box; 5. Triple exposure chamber kit; 6. Exhaust gas filter; 7. Exhaust gas mass flow controller; 8. Diluted air mass flow controller; 9. Diluted air filter; 10. DC mobile power supply; 11. Positive pressure air pump; 12. Negative pressure air pump; 13. Cylindrical transparent housing; 14. Circular transparent upper cover; 15. Transparent base; 16. Flared top cover of the exposure chamber; 17. Elbow for connecting the aerosol four-way distributor; 18. Concentration dilution gas inlet pipe; 19. Four-way aerosol distributor; 20. Aerosol inlet of the four-way distributor; 21. Bottom exhaust gas discharge pipe; 22. Air inlet; 23. Sealing ring; 24. Gas transmission connecting pipe; 27. Single exposure chamber. Detailed implementation manners

[0016] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates on the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0017] Embodiment 1 Refer to the attached Figures 1-8 The on-site synchronous experimental device for general animal atmospheric exposure provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a main portable box 1 and an exposure experiment unit, and a sub-portable box 2 and an experiment support unit that are modularly designed and detachably connected; Among them, each component of the exposure experiment unit is arranged in the main portable box 1, including: Triple exposure chamber kit 5, exhaust gas filter 6, exhaust gas mass flow controller 7, diluted air mass flow controller 8, diluted air filter 9; Each component of the experiment support unit is arranged in the sub-portable box 2, specifically in each groove of the foam support pad in the sub-portable box 2, including: DC mobile power supply 10, positive pressure air pump 11, negative pressure air pump 12 (vacuum pump); When in use, after carrying the main portable box 1 and the exposure experiment unit, and the sub-portable box 2 and the experiment support unit to the site at the same time, connect each component through the gas transmission connecting pipe 24 to form an on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure, and directly conduct an on-site atmospheric exposure experiment for environmental events. Taking the on-site atmosphere as the exposure research object, exposure experiments at three concentrations (in three independent channels respectively) of low, medium and high can be carried out synchronously.

[0018] The main portable case 1 described above includes a square box-shaped main portable case body 1b and a main portable case upper cover 1a that are buckled to each other. Each component of the exposure experiment unit is specifically arranged in each groove of the foam support pad of the main portable case body 1b; The secondary portable case 2 includes a secondary portable case upper cover 2a and a secondary portable case body 2b. Each component of the experimental support unit is specifically arranged in each groove of the foam support pad of the secondary portable case body 2b; Both cases can adopt corner strengthening and anti-collision designs of aviation cases; The described triple exposure chamber kit 5, the exhaust gas mass flow controller 7, the dilution air mass flow controller 8, the exhaust gas filter 6, and the dilution air filter 9 are staggeredly embedded in the foam support pad of the main portable case body 1b; when the main portable case body 1b and the main portable case upper cover 1a are buckled, the foregoing components are all accommodated and fixed in the main portable case 1, and can be carried portably as a whole, and are convenient to take out and put in.

[0019] The described triple exposure chamber kit 5 is installed and used as a whole (the connection between the components has been completed at the factory, and it can be taken out as a whole during use and connected to other components through pipelines). It includes the following components that have been pre-installed: a circular transparent upper cover 14, a cylindrical transparent outer shell 13, a transparent base 15, an exposure chamber flared top cover 16, a single exposure chamber 27, an aerosol four-way distributor 19, an aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow 17, a concentration dilution gas inlet pipe 18 connecting each single exposure chamber, and a bottom exhaust gas discharge pipe 21; The overall shape of the triple exposure chamber kit 5 is a cylindrical sealed box structure with a hollow interior, a base at the bottom, and an upper cover at the top. Each part is made of transparent plastic injection molding for easy observation; the hollow part inside is surrounded by a circular transparent upper cover 14, a cylindrical transparent outer shell 13, and a transparent base 15; inside the space of this hollow part, three cylindrical single exposure chambers 27 with the same diameter and height are vertically arranged in central symmetry. Each single exposure chamber 27 is provided with an upper opening and a lower exhaust gas discharge through hole, and the internal spaces between them are independent of each other. The three single exposure chambers 27 jointly divide the internal hollow space of the triple exposure chamber kit 5 evenly; at the top of the upper opening of each single exposure chamber 27, there is a downward-opening exposure chamber flared top cover 16 (the flared opening is downward). The bottom surface of each exposure chamber flared top cover 16 is buckled to the top surface of the single exposure chamber 27, and the top of each exposure chamber flared top cover 16 is fixedly arranged on the inner side surface of the circular transparent upper cover 14; at the top of the exposure chamber flared top cover 16, there is also an air inlet 22 leading to the single exposure chamber 27. This air inlet 22 penetrates the circular transparent upper cover 14 (penetrates the thickness of the circular transparent upper cover 14 and reaches its upper surface) and is connected to the aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow 17.

[0020] On the top surface of each single - chamber exposure chamber 27, a top sealing ring 23 is provided; the top surface of each single - chamber exposure chamber 27 is buckled with the lower edge of the bell - mouth of the exposure chamber flared top cover 16 through the top sealing ring 23 to seal the internal space of each single - chamber exposure chamber 27.

[0021] The four - way aerosol dispenser 19 is provided with an opening at its center position, namely the four - way dispenser aerosol inlet 20, which serves as the total inlet for environmental air or aerosol. One end of each of the three aerosol four - way dispenser connecting elbows 17 is connected to the four - way aerosol dispenser 19, and the other end is connected to the through - holes provided at the bell - mouth positions of the exposure chamber flared top covers 16 corresponding to each exposure chamber on the circular transparent upper cover 14, connecting the four - way aerosol dispenser 19 with the internal spaces of the exposure chamber flared top covers 16 and the single - chamber exposure chambers 27 to form three synchronous and independently operating exposure chamber pipelines. Concentration dilution gas inlet pipes 18 are provided in the middle sections of the three aerosol four - way dispenser connecting elbows 17. The concentration dilution gas inlet pipes 18 first introduce the concentration dilution gas entering each single - chamber exposure chamber 27 into the aerosol four - way dispenser connecting elbows 17, and then enter each single - chamber exposure chamber 27 together with the external exposure gas to adjust the exposure concentration in each single - chamber exposure chamber 27.

[0022] There are three each of the air - extraction filter 6, air - extraction mass flow controller 7 (abbreviation: air - extraction MFC), dilution air mass flow controller 8 (abbreviation: dilution air MFC), and dilution air filter 9 of the exposure experiment unit. After being respectively connected to the positive - pressure air pump 11, negative - pressure air pump 12, and each single - chamber exposure chamber pipeline in the triple - exposure chamber kit 5 through the gas - transmission connecting pipes 24, a field synchronous experimental device for triple - pack animal inhalation exposure is formed.

[0023] In this embodiment, the triple exposure chamber kit 5 includes three transparent cylindrical single exposure chambers 27, which are arranged in a radial structure symmetrically at equal intervals along the circumference and are disposed within a large circular exposure chamber transparent outer shell (referred to as the outer shell); three horn-shaped top covers 16 of the exposure chambers are also arranged in a radial structure symmetrically at equal intervals along the circumference on the circular transparent upper cover 14, and each top cover 16 corresponds to a lower cylindrical single exposure chamber 27; when the circular transparent upper cover 14 is covered, the horn-shaped top covers 16 of the exposure chambers and the single exposure chambers 27 are both within the circular exposure chamber transparent outer shell; a sealing ring 23 provided at the top of the single exposure chamber 27 is docked with the horn-shaped top cover 16 of the circular single exposure chamber 27 to form a planar seal at the interface; a central opening at the top of the horn-shaped top cover 16 of the exposure chamber is the air inlet 22 of the exposure chamber, and an opening (exhaust gas discharge interface) is provided at the center of the bottom of the single exposure chamber 27, which is connected to the exhaust gas discharge pipe 21 of the exposure chamber. Above each single exposure chamber 27 and at the center of the three circular transparent upper covers 14 (at the center of the centers of the three circular upper covers), a four-way aerosol distributor 19 (four-way gas distributor) is provided. A through hole (i.e., the aerosol inlet 20 of the four-way distributor) is vertically provided at the center of the vertex of the four-way aerosol distributor as the total inlet for ambient air or aerosol; the aerosol inlet 20 of the four-way distributor is specifically composed of three equally spaced symmetric openings (three side wall holes) provided in the inner side wall of the four-way aerosol distributor 19, and each side wall hole is connected to the horn-shaped top cover 16 of each exposure chamber and the single exposure chamber 27 by an aerosol distributor connecting elbow 17 (referred to as an elbow) with exactly the same structure; one end of the elbow 17 is connected to a side wall hole, and the other end is connected to the central opening of the horn-shaped top cover 16 of the exposure chamber, that is, the top air inlet 22 (or aerosol inlet) of each exposure chamber; a concentration dilution gas introduction pipe 18 (connection conduit) is also connected upward to an opening in the vertical direction in the middle section of each elbow 17. During use, the circular transparent upper cover 14 together with the horn-shaped top covers 16 of the exposure chambers can be temporarily removed, and the experimental animals are placed into the single exposure chambers 27 and then put back; all the pipelines are made of transparent plastic materials for easy connection and observation.

[0024] A field synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric exposure for toxicology includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of the field synchronous experimental device Carry the main portable box 1 and the exposure experimental unit, and the secondary portable box 2 and the experimental support unit of the field synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to the experimental site; Open the upper covers of the main portable box 1 and the secondary portable box 2, take out the components of the exposure experimental unit and the experimental support unit therein, and then connect the components through the gas transmission connection pipe 24 or electrically connect them through wires to form a field synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure for toxicology; specifically including: S1-1 Exposure experiment unit accuracy: Open the main portable case 1, open the upper cover, and take out each component from the main body of the main portable case. The triple exposure chamber kit 5 is taken out as a whole; S1-2 Experimental support unit preparation: Open the upper cover of the secondary portable case 2, and take out each component from the main body of the secondary portable case; S1-3 Connect to form a field synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure and poisoning Connect the DC mobile power supply 10 and the PLC controller to the positive pressure air pump 11, the negative pressure air pump 12, the exhaust gas mass flow controller 7, and the dilution air mass flow controller 8 respectively to provide power or control signals; Connect the air inlet 22 of each single exposure chamber 27 in the triple exposure chamber kit 5 to the aerosol four-way distributor through the aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow 17 and connect it to the four-way aerosol distributor 19 and the concentration dilution gas inlet pipe 18; The concentration dilution gas inlet pipe 18 is sequentially connected through the gas transmission connecting pipe 24: the dilution air mass flow controller 8, the dilution air filter 9, and the positive pressure air pump 11 to form a closed intake pipeline; Connect the bottom exhaust gas discharge pipe 21 of each single exposure chamber 27 in the triple exposure chamber kit 5 to the exhaust gas filter 6, the exhaust gas mass flow controller 7, and the negative pressure air pump 12 through the gas transmission connecting pipe 24 in sequence to form a closed exhaust pipeline; Connect the four-way distributor aerosol inlet 20 in the triple exposure chamber kit 5 to an external aerosol generator to synchronously input the same concentration of aerosol into each single exposure chamber 27; After all components are connected, there are three synchronous and independent exposure chamber intake and exhaust passages centered on the single exposure chamber 27, forming a field synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure and poisoning; S1-4 Power on and airtightness test Power on each part and test the airtightness of the intake and exhaust passages of each independently operating exposure chamber; S2. Preparation for on-site synchronous animal exposure and poisoning experiment Determine the exposure experiment plan, including exposure dose and exposure process control, and determine the control parameters for the animal exposure and poisoning experiment; Prepare experimental animals, experimental substances, etc. separately; Specifically include: S2-1 Determine the exposure experiment plan According to the experimental purpose, simulated scenarios, and expected results, determine the whole-body exposure poisoning experiment plan, including the experiment type, experimental animals, experimental materials and equipment, determine the exposure dose, concentration gradient, and requirements for controlling the exposure process, and determine the control parameters for the animal exposure poisoning experiment, including the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the total exhaust flow rate F-EXH for each exposure chamber. Other control parameters also include aerosol uniformity, dose accuracy, and animal welfare, etc.; S2-2 Preparation of experimental supplies Prepare experimental animals and experimental substances; S2-3 Connection of each part Connect the various parts of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning through ventilation pipelines respectively to form an experimental system capable of implementing the whole-body exposure poisoning experiment plan on-site.

[0025] S3. Conduct animal exposure poisoning experiment synchronously on-site Open the circular transparent upper cover 14, divide the experimental animals into three groups, and correspondingly load them into a single exposure chamber 27 of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure poisoning. Then, put the circular transparent upper cover 14 back in place; control the operating parameters of each part of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure poisoning, and conduct triple-synchronous exposure process control until the required duration; During the experiment, the independent single exposure chambers 27 in each unit of the triple exposure chamber kit 5 work independently of each other; By synchronously controlling the dilution air flow rate (F-AIR) and the exposure aerosol flow rate (F-AER) entering each single exposure chamber 27, precisely adjust the dilution air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate, and then precisely control the flow rate of the inhaled on-site exposure gas to synchronously achieve gradient exposure poisoning experiments at three concentrations simultaneously; specifically including: S3-1 According to the exposure experiment plan, divide the experimental animals into three groups and correspondingly load them into a single exposure chamber 27 of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure poisoning; S3-2 Control the operating parameters of each part of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure poisoning, execute the exposure experiment plan, and conduct triple-synchronous exposure process control until the required duration; during the experiment, the independent single exposure chambers 27 in each unit of the triple exposure chamber kit 5 work independently of each other; According to the exposure dose determined by the evaluation, achieve the concentration gradient requirements by controlling the dilution air flow rate during the exposure poisoning process; By synchronously and precisely adjusting the dilution air flow rate and exhaust flow rate in the intake and exhaust passages of three independently operating exposure chambers, the flow rate of the on-site exposure gas (or aerosol) being inhaled is precisely controlled to achieve precise concentration dilution control, enabling gradient experiments at three concentrations simultaneously, thereby improving the comparability of experimental data. By synchronously controlling the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the total exhaust gas flow rate (F-EXH, hereinafter referred to as the total exhaust flow rate) entering each single-connected exposure chamber 27, the flow rate F-AER and concentration of the on-site exposure gas inhaled into each single-connected exposure chamber 27 are indirectly controlled; by precisely adjusting the dilution air flow rate and the total exhaust flow rate F-EXH in the three pipeline channels respectively, the flow rate of the on-site exposure gas (or aerosol) inhaled into each single-connected exposure chamber 27 can be precisely controlled, the exposure dose and concentration can be controlled, and gradient exposure and intoxication experiments at three different concentrations can be synchronously achieved; the calculation formula for the exposure concentration is: F-AER / (F-EXH). Specifically: The positive pressure air pump 11 is successively connected to the dilution air filter 9, the dilution air mass flow controller 8 (dilution air MFC), and the concentration dilution gas inlet pipe 18 connecting each single-connected exposure chamber through the gas transmission connecting pipe 24 to the corresponding single-connected exposure chamber 27, forming an intake passage; The clean air enters each single-connected exposure chamber 27 through the intake passage respectively: the clean air is inhaled from the positive pressure air pump 11, pressurized, and then successively passes through the dilution air filter 9, the dilution air mass flow controller 8 (dilution air MFC), the gas transmission connecting pipe 24, and the concentration dilution gas inlet pipe 18 connecting each single-connected exposure chamber, and enters each single-connected exposure chamber 27, with the flow rate being F-AIR, and the F-AIR is specifically controlled by the dilution air mass flow controller 8; The single-connected exposure chamber 27, the exhaust filter 6, and the exhaust mass flow controller 7 (exhaust MFC) are connected to the negative pressure air pump 12 through the gas transmission connecting pipe 24, forming an exhaust passage; The gas (waste gas) that has completed the exposure in the single-connected exposure chamber 27 is discharged to the waste gas treatment equipment or the atmosphere through the exhaust passage, and the exhaust gas flow rate F-EXH (total exhaust flow rate) is controlled by the exhaust mass flow controller 7; The external gas at the site (site-exposed gas or external aerosol) passes through the four-way aerosol dispenser 19, and through the three aerosol four-way dispenser connecting elbows 17, and enters (is inhaled) into the internal spaces of the three single-chamber exposure chambers 27 respectively, and is mixed with clean air to obtain the required exposure concentration and exposure dose (when the concentration and exposure dose are high, the flow rate of clean air can be zero); the aerosol flow rate F-AER of the (site-exposed gas) flowing through the three aerosol four-way dispenser connecting elbows 17 is jointly controlled by the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the total exhaust flow rate F-EXH (the mixing ratio and the total input amount of the external gas and the clean air); the PLC controller realizes the synchronous control of the exposure concentration and exposure dose of the site-exposed gas in the internal spaces of the three single-chamber exposure chambers 27 through the joint control of F-AIR and F-EXH in the three independent gas paths (including parallel low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration).

[0026] The greatest advantage of the embodiment of the present invention in the control process is that it can collect the exposed gas on site (or further mix it with the aerosol for detection). Based on the formula F-AER = F-EXH - F-AIR in which the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the exposed aerosol flow rate F-AER in each exposure chamber are always equal to the total exhaust flow rate F-EXH, with the cooperation of two flow controllers, the exposed aerosol (site-exposed gas) flow rate F-AER can be accurately controlled, and the exposure dose and concentration in each exposure chamber can also be accurately controlled synchronously. The exposure concentration = F-AER / (F-EXH) x 100%.

[0027] S3-3 During the exposure experiment, regularly observe the survival status of the animals, observe the activity level and behavioral changes of the animals, and monitor the physiological indicators; S3-4 Conduct sample collection and analysis, and evaluate and analyze the experimental monitoring data obtained from the three groups of experimental animals and the collected samples, including respiratory system evaluation, systemic toxicity analysis, and particulate matter clearance kinetics analysis, and output the corresponding analysis results.

[0028] S4. Storage of the on-site synchronous experimental device After the experiment, remove the gas transmission connecting pipes 24 connecting each component, perform the operation opposite to that in step S1, put each component back to its original position in the main portable box 1 and the auxiliary portable box 2, close the upper covers of the main portable box 1 and the auxiliary portable box 2, and then transport each component safely and portably to the next experimental site, and repeat steps S1-S4 to carry out a new animal exposure and poisoning experiment.

[0029] Use of the described on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, or the described on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, in the toxicity evaluation of atmospheric exposure to toxicants and the rapid health risk assessment of atmospheric environmental pollution, and use the on-site experimental data, biological sample data, etc. obtained thereby to conduct high-timeliness and high-accuracy toxicity evaluation of atmospheric exposure to toxicants and rapid health risk assessment of atmospheric environmental pollution.

[0030] The experimental device provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts a portable modular structure design. The entire experimental device is divided into an exposure experiment unit and an experimental support unit, and they are respectively placed in a portable instrument box, which can be flexibly carried (by vehicle) to various environmental incident sites, quickly deployed and animal exposure to toxicants experiments can be carried out, and then quickly evacuated. At the same time, in order to be able to carry out toxicity evaluation more efficiently, quickly, and accurately, the device adopts a design of multiple exposure chambers for simultaneous exposure experiments at different concentrations (by introducing clean air with different flow rates to dilute the on-site exposure gas to obtain different exposure concentrations and exposure doses), and multiple concentration gradient experiments are carried out at the same time, so as to complete the toxicity evaluation experiment in a shorter time. In order to ensure the consistency of the distribution of pollutants (or aerosol particle sizes in other embodiments) in the air of all concentration gradient experimental exposure chambers, the positions of multiple exposure chambers in the present invention are designed into a radial structure layout that is symmetrically divided into three equal parts in a circumferential direction, sharing an aerosol inlet, reducing the volume and being easy to synchronously control. The device and method provided by the present invention are combined with each other, and can carry out toxicity evaluation experiments on environmental air under multiple concentration conditions at the site and at the same time under more realistic experimental conditions. Moreover, the consistency of the on-site air component distribution during the exposure experiment is very high, and the experimental data is more real and effective, which well solves the problems of quickly completing the health risk assessment research in the actual polluted environment, as well as the accuracy and comparability of experimental data.

[0031] Example 2 The on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants provided by this embodiment are specific applications based on Embodiment 1, and provide an on-site synchronous experimental device and method for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants that can be specifically applied to the study of the impact of extremely heavy polluted weather on respiratory health. The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants further includes an automatic control unit, and the automatic control unit includes a PLC controller, and this PLC controller is integrated in the DC mobile power supply 10; this PLC controller is electrically connected to the extraction mass flow controller 7, dilution air mass flow controller 8, DC mobile power supply 10, positive pressure air pump 11 and negative pressure air pump 12 respectively, and realizes precise automatic control of the on-site air (or aerosol) exposure concentration by the flow rates of the extraction mass flow controller 7 and dilution air mass flow controller 8 in each single-connected exposure chamber pipeline.

[0032] Air pollution events have been one of the hotspots in environmental research in recent years. In view of the characteristics of air pollution events, such as regionality, component complexity, variability, and instability of their states, current research mainly focuses on methods such as component source analysis and laboratory simulation of pollutant exposure experiments. However, the experimental data obtained by these methods often lack authenticity. By using the on-site synchronous experimental device and experimental method for animal exposure to atmospheric pollutants provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, according to the meteorological analysis and forecast, the device can be carried to the site of the most severely polluted area, and the on-site air can be used as the object of exposure to pollutants. The experimental animals are placed in three exposure chambers. Through the concentration dilution control of each exposure chamber, real exposure experiments on three groups of animals with different concentrations of pollutants can be carried out in a very short time, and on-site exposure experimental data and biological samples can be obtained. Then, based on the analysis of exposure data, physiological pathology, and molecular biology of experimental animal samples, a completely real evaluation result of the impact of on-site pollutants on respiratory health can be obtained.

[0033] This embodiment makes full use of the characteristics of the on-site synchronous experimental device of the present invention, which is portable, movable, fast, and efficient. It can directly use the polluted on-site air as the object of exposure to pollutants for research, conduct flight detections at different times (seasons) and different locations, and then bring back the experimental animals or their samples to the laboratory for specific analysis. It can conveniently carry out exposure experiments at multiple time points and multiple locations on-site, and obtain real data on-site, which can then be used for comparative studies of various environmental pollutions.

[0034] The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal exposure to atmospheric pollutants used in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The difference lies in that the on-site synchronous experimental method for animal exposure to atmospheric pollutants specifically further includes the following steps on the basis of Embodiment 1: An on-site synchronous experimental method for animal exposure to atmospheric pollutants, which includes the following different steps on the basis of Embodiment 1: S1-2 Preparation of the experimental support unit: Open the upper cover of the secondary portable box 2, and take out each component from the main body of the secondary portable box. Among them, the DC mobile power supply 10 and the PLC controller are taken out as a whole; S1-3 Connect to form a triple-pack on-site synchronous experimental device for animal exposure to atmospheric pollutants Connect the DC mobile power supply 10 and the PLC controller to the positive pressure air pump 11, the negative pressure air pump 12, the extraction mass flow controller 7, and the dilution air mass flow controller 8 respectively to provide power or control signals; S2. Preparation for on-site synchronous animal exposure and poisoning experiment According to the experimental purpose, simulated scenarios, and expected results, determine the whole-body exposure poisoning experiment plan, including the experiment type, experimental animals, experimental materials and equipment, determine the exposure dose, concentration gradient, and requirements for controlling the exposure process, determine the control parameters for the animal exposure poisoning experiment, including the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the total exhaust flow rate F-EXH for each exposure chamber, and input them into the PLC controller; other control parameters also include aerosol uniformity, dose accuracy, and animal welfare, etc.; Connection of each part of S2-3 Connect each part of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning through the ventilation pipeline, and electrically connect the extraction mass flow controller 7, dilution air mass flow controller 8, positive pressure air pump 11, and negative pressure air pump 12 to the PLC controller respectively to form an experimental system capable of executing the whole-body exposure poisoning experiment plan on-site; S3. Conduct animal exposure poisoning experiment synchronously on-site Divide the experimental animals into three groups and correspondingly load them into a single exposure chamber 27 of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure poisoning. The PLC controller controls the operating parameters of each part of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure poisoning to conduct triple synchronous exposure process control until the required duration; During the experiment, each independent single exposure chamber 27 in the triple exposure chamber kit 5 works independently of each other; The PLC controller precisely adjusts the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the exposure aerosol flow rate F-AER entering each single exposure chamber 27 through synchronous control, precisely regulates the dilution air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate, and then precisely controls the flow rate of the inhaled aerosol to synchronously achieve gradient exposure poisoning experiments at three concentrations simultaneously; specifically including: S3-1 According to the exposure experiment plan, divide the experimental animals into three groups and correspondingly load them into a single exposure chamber 27 of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure poisoning; S3-2 The PLC controller controls the operating parameters of each part of the on-site synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric exposure poisoning, executes the exposure experiment plan, and conducts triple synchronous exposure process control until the required duration; during the experiment, each independent single exposure chamber 27 in the triple exposure chamber kit 5 works independently of each other; According to the exposure dose determined by the assessment, achieve the concentration gradient requirements by controlling the dilution air flow rate during the exposure poisoning process; The PLC controller precisely regulates the dilution air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate in the intake and exhaust passages of three independently operating exposure chambers through synchronous precision adjustment, precisely controls the flow rate of the inhaled aerosol, realizes precise concentration dilution control, and realizes gradient experiments at three concentrations simultaneously to improve the comparability of experimental data; Among them, the PLC controller synchronously controls the dilution air flow rate F-AIR and the total exhaust gas flow rate F-EXH entering each single-chamber exposure chamber 27 through two MFCs, indirectly controls the exposure aerosol flow rate F-AER and concentration inhaled into each single-chamber exposure chamber 27; by precisely adjusting the dilution air flow rate and the total exhaust gas flow rate F-EXH in the three pipeline channels respectively, the exposure air flow rate (or aerosol flow rate), exposure dose and concentration of the external atmosphere inhaled into each single-chamber exposure chamber 27 can be precisely controlled, and gradient exposure experiments with three different concentrations can be synchronously carried out simultaneously. More specifically: (I)Research design and preparation 1. Selection of research subjects: Healthy C57BL / 6J mice are selected as model animals. In some cases, specific disease model animals (such as asthma, COPD models) can also be selected to evaluate the impact of pollution on existing respiratory diseases.

[0035] 2. Ethical approval for animal experiments: Before starting the experiment, it is first approved by the animal experiment ethics committee to ensure that the experiment meets ethical requirements and minimizes the pain of animals to the greatest extent. It is necessary to clarify the exposure concentration, exposure duration, etc., and preset the health monitoring and emergency plans for animals during the experiment.

[0036] 3. Design of exposure conditions Selection of pollutants: According to the characteristics of extremely heavy pollution weather, common pollutants such as PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO2, SO2, O3, etc. are selected.

[0037] Design of exposure concentration and duration: These exposure conditions should preferably be selected in an extremely heavy pollution weather environment. For example, the concentration of PM 2.5 may reach more than 100 μg / m³, NO2 may reach 50-100 ppb, and the concentration of O3 may also be relatively high.

[0038] Short-term exposure: Usually, the exposure time is several hours to several days to study acute reactions (such as lung inflammation, acute respiratory reactions, etc.).

[0039] Long-term exposure: The exposure lasts for several weeks to several months to observe the health effects under long-term chronic exposure, such as airway remodeling, formation of chronic respiratory diseases, etc.

[0040] (II)Construction of the animal exposure experiment system In order to facilitate rapid movement and provide suitable temperature conditions for animals, two portable boxes are placed in a microvan and transported to the environmental incident site together. The devices are taken out and connected in the vehicle to form an exposure experiment system for exposure experiments. After completion, the devices are disassembled and put back, and the whole is transported out; the devices do not need to be carried out of the vehicle throughout the process.

[0041] The operating steps for connecting and testing the on-site synchronous experimental device are as follows: Transport the on-site synchronous experimental device for portable animal atmospheric exposure in Example 1 to the site of environmental events such as extremely heavy pollution weather, and then take out each component from the main and auxiliary portable boxes and the auxiliary portable box, and connect each part with an air delivery connecting pipe or an electric wire. First, assemble it into the working state shown in Figure 7 Figure (single gas channel, single exposure chamber), and then connect the other two gas channels and exposure chambers in the same way to complete the connection, forming a synchronous working layout with three channels, three exposure chambers, and the same exposure gas inlet, thus forming an on-site synchronous experimental device for triple-pack animal atmospheric exposure. Directly use the polluted air at the external site as the exposure research object, conduct power-on and airtightness tests on-site, and after verifying that each part meets the experimental requirements, enter the on-site synchronous experimental steps.

[0042] (III) Experimental Preparation a. Determine the experimental objectives and hypotheses: Clearly define the experimental objectives. Specifically, in this example, it is to determine the main toxic substances in the on-site air during environmental events such as extremely heavy pollution weather, evaluate the acute / chronic toxicity of a certain poison, the impact on a certain organ, etc., and determine the control variables, experimental groups, and control groups in the experimental design; b. Animal grouping: Randomly divide the experimental animals (mice) into different groups, usually including experimental groups and control groups with different concentrations; the control group is not exposed to the poison, and the experimental group is exposed to the poison. In this example, animals (mice) raised in an SPF-class animal house are used as the control group, and the experimental group is divided into at least three concentration gradient groups, including a low-concentration group, a medium-concentration group, and a high-concentration group; the three groups of animals are correspondingly placed into three single-connected exposure chambers 27 distributed radially and centrosymmetrically, and use their respective independent intake and exhaust pipelines and control steps to conduct exposure experiments synchronously; (IV) Exposure and Poisoning Experimental Steps a. Determine the exposure dose: Based on the composition distribution of the poison in the air at the site of environmental accidents such as extremely heavy pollution weather, preliminarily evaluate and determine the exposure dose; specific exposure doses include LD50, NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level), etc. This on-site exposure experiment is conducted using the acute exposure method; b. Control of the exposure and poisoning experimental process: According to the exposure dose determined by the preliminary evaluation, during the exposure and poisoning process, it is necessary to achieve the concentration gradient requirements through the control of the dilution air flow (divided into three concentration gradients: high, medium, and low), and use the PLC controller to control the automatic operation of each part until the set experimental duration is reached; the PLC controller precisely adjusts the dilution air flow and exhaust flow in the intake and exhaust pipelines of the three independently operating exposure chambers through synchronization, precisely controls the flow rate of the inhaled aerosol, and realizes precise concentration dilution control, so as to conduct gradient experiments at three concentrations simultaneously to improve the comparability of experimental data; c. After carrying the movable and portable on-site synchronous experimental device to an ideal location, place the experimental animals into three different exposure chambers according to the pre-grouped numbers. Set three concentrations of high, medium, and low for the three exposure chambers respectively through three mass flow controllers. Open the skylight of the minivan, turn on the negative pressure air pump and the positive pressure air pump, and the device starts to draw in extremely heavy polluted air such as smog at the site for real-time exposure and toxicity experiments; d. Real-time monitoring: During the exposure process, the researchers need to monitor the change of pollutant concentration in real time; and regularly observe the survival status of the animals. If there is any discomfort, start timing immediately and conduct further statistical analysis; (V) Experimental data collection and sample analysis a. Environmental data collection: During the exposure period, it is necessary to collect environmental data such as pollutant concentration, temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc. in the air in real time. These data provide background information for subsequent analysis of the impact of pollution exposure on respiratory health; b. Physiological monitoring data collection: During the exposure experiment, monitor and record the physiological response indicators of the animals, such as physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. The activity level and behavior changes of the animals should be monitored at any time. If any abnormal phenomenon is found, deal with it immediately; c. The collection of physiological response data can specifically obtain the respiratory function data of the animals after exposure through pulmonary function tests, airway resistance tests, alveolar function tests, etc.; d. Monitor the immune response of the animals, for example, detect the changes of inflammatory markers and immune cells (such as neutrophils, macrophages, etc.) through blood samples; e. The lung tissue of the animals can be subjected to pathological analysis after the experiment to observe the inflammatory conditions, airway remodeling phenomena, fibrosis, etc. in the lungs; f. Sampling time and sample collection: Samples are taken within 6 - 24 hours after acute exposure experiments; The types of samples collected include blood, urine, tissues (such as liver, kidney, lung, brain, etc.), feces, etc.

[0043] g. Histological analysis Conduct pathological examinations (such as HE staining) and other biochemical analyses (such as immunohistochemistry, Western blot, PCR, etc.) on the collected tissues to evaluate the damage and mechanism of the toxicant to the tissues; h. Biochemical and molecular analysis Conduct biochemical tests on blood and other biological samples, such as liver enzyme levels, renal function indicators, etc., and further study the mechanism of action of the toxicant through molecular biology means (such as gene expression analysis, protein expression detection, etc.).

[0044] (VI) Data analysis and result processing a. Data statistics and analysis Statistical analysis is performed on the experimental data to evaluate the differences between the exposed group and the control group. Methods such as t-tests and analysis of variance are usually used. The assessment of toxic effects can be carried out through parameters such as IC 50 , LD 50 , ED 50 , etc. Specifically, statistical analysis can be conducted based on the physiological data of the exposed group and the control group to compare the specific effects of different pollutant exposure concentrations and exposure durations on animal health. For example, methods such as analysis of variance and regression analysis can be used to analyze the relationship between pollutant concentration and respiratory health indicators.

[0045] b. Analyze the dose-response relationship: Through data analysis, study the dose-response relationship between pollutant exposure concentration and exposure time and physiological responses, including observing changes in animal lung function under exposure to different concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO2 or O3, and establish a curve between concentration and physiological response.

[0046] c. Result interpretation and summary Interpret the toxic effects of the toxicant based on the experimental data, compare with existing research results, and summarize the possible action mechanisms of the toxicant and the potential risks to organisms.

[0047] (VII) Health effect assessment Short-term effect assessment: Evaluate the health effects after acute exposure, such as respiratory symptoms, short-term decline in lung function, inflammatory responses (e.g., increased levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, etc.).

[0048] Long-term effect assessment: After long-term exposure, observe the occurrence of diseases such as airway remodeling, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and even early indicators of the carcinogenesis process.

[0049] Immune response assessment: Analyze the effects of pollutants on the animal immune system, especially the inhibition or overactivation of respiratory immunity.

[0050] VIII. Verification of assessment results Comparison with the control group: Verify the health effects of pollution exposure, especially changes in respiratory health, by comparing with the unexposed or low-concentration exposed group; Long-term observation: Researchers can evaluate the effects of pollutants on long-term respiratory health by observing the long-term health trends of animals after exposure; Cross-species comparison: Compare the experimental results of animal models with human epidemiological data to evaluate the representativeness and applicability of animal models.

[0051] IX. Ethics and animal welfare Ethical approval: As with any animal experiment, approval from an ethics committee must be obtained before using the portable exposure system for animal research to ensure that the experiment complies with relevant ethical standards.

[0052] Experimental monitoring: During the research process, researchers need to regularly check the health status of the animals. In case of discomfort, the experiment should be stopped immediately and necessary medical treatment should be provided.

[0053] Animal welfare: Ensure that the animals are properly cared for during the exposure process to avoid excessive stress and pain.

[0054] The on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal atmospheric inhalation exposure provided in this embodiment can directly carry the on-site synchronous experimental device to the site by vehicles such as vans, quickly install and use it, so that in the respiratory health research under extremely heavy pollution weather, it can truly obtain various effects of on-site pollutant exposure on the respiratory system, and through precise physiological monitoring, deeply analyze the relationship between pollution exposure and health; through long-term and short-term exposure experiments, researchers can evaluate the effects of different pollutants on respiratory health, providing a scientific basis for formulating public health policies and air quality standards.

[0055] Compared with the traditional simulation of pollutant aerosols in the laboratory, this embodiment obviously has the following advantages: Real experimental environment: Directly expose animals at the site of real pollution environment events, which can be operated under different climatic and environmental conditions, providing a more real exposure dose, so as to obtain more timely, externally valid and practical experimental data and research results.

[0056] Flexibility and mobility: The portable design of the on-site synchronous experimental device enables it to be used in different locations and environments, especially suitable for field research in densely populated cities or severely polluted areas. This device can be conveniently stored, installed and moved, directly exposing the research object to the real conditions in the natural pollution environment, not limited to the laboratory environment.

[0057] Advantages in ethics and control variables: By using the portable on-site synchronous experimental device, researchers can monitor real specific variables (such as pollutant types and concentrations) in the actual exposure environment, making the research results more credible. During the exposure process, environmental factors can also be controlled by dilution, and experiments at three concentrations can be carried out simultaneously, with highly repeatable experimental conditions. At the same time, compared with the laboratory environment, the application of the portable on-site synchronous experimental device and method can reduce ethical issues, especially in research involving long-term exposure and health monitoring.

[0058] Example 3 The on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method and application for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants provided in this embodiment are based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and specifically provide an on-site synchronous experimental device and experimental method for evaluating the toxic effects of toxic substances released into the air after a chemical explosion.

[0059] At the scene of a chemical explosion, volatile toxic chemicals (such as nitric acid, chlorine, organic compounds or dust aerosol substances, etc.) often spread rapidly, forming a high-concentration toxic gas cloud, which can cause multi-target damage to the respiratory tract, nerves and liver of humans mainly through respiratory inhalation or even skin exposure. In recent years, chemical explosion accidents have occurred frequently around the world. Therefore, it has become very important to quickly evaluate the toxic effects of toxic substances released into the air after a chemical explosion. However, after the explosion, due to the fast diffusion speed of toxic substances and the complex concentration change situation, it is very difficult to make an effective and true rapid evaluation using traditional exposure and poisoning equipment and methods.

[0060] The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants used in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The difference lies in that the on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, on the basis of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, specifically further includes the following steps: (I) Experimental background Research purpose: To evaluate the acute toxic effects of toxic gases (such as chlorine, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide) released after a chemical explosion on animals, and to provide a scientific basis for emergency response, public health protection and safety management.

[0061] Animal model selection: Adult male SD rats (250 - 300 g), 10 rats in each group, a total of 30 rats. Rats are sensitive to respiratory irritant gases and are suitable for the study of various toxic gases.

[0062] (II) Exposure condition design Exposure time: 30 minutes; Concentration setting: 0 ppm (the control group can refer to the animals raised in the animal house), 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm (experimental groups); Exposure route: Whole-body exposure to toxicants (toxic gases mainly harm through the respiratory tract, and there may also be potential risks to the eyes, skin, etc.); Environmental simulation: Simulate the gas release at the exposure site through single ammonia gas in the laboratory.

[0063] (III) Experimental equipment The portable on-site synchronous experimental device needs to provide an exposure environment at the fire scene to ensure that the experimental rats can be exposed to real smoke. To facilitate rapid movement and provide suitable temperature conditions for the animals, two portable boxes are placed in a mini-van and quickly transported to the experimental site for the experiment, and then quickly evacuated after the experiment is completed.

[0064] (IV) Experimental Procedure After connecting all parts of the portable on-site synchronous experimental device and placing it in a suitable position at the explosion center, the experimental animals are placed in three different exposure chambers according to the pre-grouped numbers. Three different concentrations of high, medium, and low are set for the three exposure chambers through three groups of mass flow controllers. Open the vehicle sunroof, turn on the negative pressure air pump and positive pressure air pump to start pumping in the toxic air released after the explosion for real-time exposure and intoxication experiments. Continue the exposure for 30 minutes. During this period, record the behaviors of the rats (such as coughing and tearing) and respiratory rates through monitoring equipment.

[0065] After the exposure ends, transfer the surviving rats to a clean air environment and observe the mortality rate and recovery situation within 24 hours. Real-time monitoring: During the exposure process, the researchers monitor the concentration changes of pollutants in real time.

[0066] (V) Specimen and Data Collection Collect vital sign data: Record the mortality rate, the occurrence time and severity of dyspnea during the exposure.

[0067] Collect tissue pathology specimen data: Dissect the dead or surviving rats, collect samples of the lungs, trachea, and nasal cavity, and make sections to observe pathological changes.

[0068] Collect biochemical index data: Detect interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum to evaluate the inflammatory response; measure the blood pH to analyze the acid-base balance.

[0069] (VI) Sub-item Analysis of Experimental Contents 1. Analysis of Mortality Rate and LC50 Mortality rate: 0 ppm: 0% (0 / 10); 100 ppm: 0% (0 / 10); 500 ppm: 60% (6 / 10); 1000 ppm: 100% (10 / 10).

[0070] LC50 calculation: Through Probit analysis, the LC50 for a 30-minute exposure is approximately 450 ppm, indicating that 50% of the rats died at this concentration.

[0071] 2. Analysis of Physiological and Behavioral Responses 100 ppm: Slight lacrimation and increased nasal secretions, slightly accelerated respiration, no death; 500 ppm: Severe wheezing, reduced movement, half of the rats died 20 - 30 minutes after exposure; 1000 ppm: Coma occurred within 15 minutes of exposure, all died within 30 minutes, accompanied by froth from the mouth and nose.

[0072] 3. Analysis of Pathological and Biochemical Results Lungs and Airways: 500 ppm: Aggravated pulmonary edema, exfoliation of alveolar epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cells.

[0073] 1000 ppm: Severe pulmonary hemorrhage, extensive necrosis of airway mucosa.

[0074] Nasal Cavity: 500 ppm and above: Erosion of nasal mucosa, necrosis of epithelial cells.

[0075] Biochemical Indexes: IL - 6 and TNF - α were significantly increased above 100 ppm, indicating obvious inflammatory reactions.

[0076] Blood pH decreased (7.2 - 7.0) at 500 ppm and above, indicating metabolic acidosis.

[0077] (VII) Analysis Results and Applications 1. Analysis Results of Toxicity Effects Ammonia in the toxic air released after the explosion, as a strong alkaline gas, strongly stimulates and corrodes the respiratory tract through inhalation, causing acute pulmonary edema, inflammation and acid - base imbalance. LC50 (450 ppm, 30 minutes) shows its relatively high toxicity, and the initial concentration at the scene (1000 ppm) is sufficient to be fatal in a short time.

[0078] 2. Practical Applications In terms of personnel protection: In areas with a concentration higher than 100 ppm, rescue workers need to wear full - face gas masks or positive - pressure breathing apparatuses, and the exposure time should be controlled within 15 minutes.

[0079] In terms of evacuation range: Areas with a concentration higher than 500 ppm need to be immediately evacuated, and it is recommended that the safety distance be at least 1 km.

[0080] In terms of medical emergency: Exposed persons may have respiratory tract burns and pulmonary edema, and need to be immediately given oxygen inhalation and anti - inflammatory treatment, and monitor blood pH.

[0081] In terms of environmental management: Ammonia is highly soluble in water. It is recommended to use water mist to dilute the ammonia concentration in the air, and at the same time monitor water pollution.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present invention, through a portable on-site synchronous experimental device, it is possible to simultaneously conduct exposure poisoning experiments on toxic gases at three concentrations at the chemical explosion site. In this embodiment, the acute inhalation toxicity (LC50 = 450 ppm, 30 minutes) was successfully measured, and the main toxicity mechanisms of this toxic air on respiratory tract corrosion, pulmonary edema, and systemic inflammation were revealed. The research results of this embodiment can provide a scientific basis for response measures such as protective measures, evacuation plans, and medical interventions after explosion accidents. From this, it can also be seen that the portable on-site synchronous experimental device plays an irreplaceable role in the toxicity assessment of chemical explosions.

[0083] Based on the characteristics of flexibility, portability, and direct use on-site of the on-site synchronous experimental device and method in the embodiment of the present invention, the method of conducting multiple gradient concentration experiments synchronously can complete the exposure experiment faster, taking less time than traditional means. Therefore, it can be quickly deployed to the explosion site to quickly evaluate the toxicity effects of real chemical explosions on the environment and humans, with stronger timeliness, authenticity, and accuracy, and can complete tasks that cannot be completed by similar devices and methods.

[0084] Example 4 The on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method, and application for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning provided in this embodiment are based on Embodiments 1 to 3, and specifically provide an on-site synchronous experimental device and method for rapid evaluation of the toxicity of flue gas at a large-scale fire site for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning. It is basically the same as Embodiments 1 to 3, except that the exposure research object is the flue gas at a large-scale fire site, and the data and samples obtained are applied to the rapid evaluation of the toxicity of the flue gas at a large-scale fire site.

[0085] Example 5 The on-site synchronous experimental device, experimental method, and application for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning provided in this embodiment are based on Embodiments 1 to 4, and specifically provide an on-site synchronous experimental device and method for rapid evaluation of the toxicity of various gases for simulating the on-site situation in the laboratory for animal atmospheric exposure poisoning. It is basically the same as Embodiments 1 to 4, except that the exposure research site is in the laboratory, and auxiliary devices and steps for on-site simulation need to be added accordingly; the auxiliary equipment includes scene simulation equipment, animal lung function detectors, laser scanning confocal microscopes, etc.

[0086] On-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants. On the basis of the foregoing Example 1, in step S1, on the basis of the main portable case 1 and the exposure experiment unit of the on-site synchronous experimental device, the secondary portable case 2 and the experimental support unit, an auxiliary device is further included; in the preparation for the on-site synchronous animal exposure experiment in step S2, an aerosol generator, a real-time aerosol monitor and auxiliary equipment are respectively prepared, and aerosols are prepared in advance; the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants is connected to the aerosol generator, the real-time aerosol monitor and the auxiliary equipment through a ventilation pipeline and electrically connected to a PLC controller; then steps S3-S4 are carried out. Among them, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2-1 Determine the simulated on-site exposure experiment plan According to the experimental purpose, the simulated scenario and the expected results, determine the whole-body exposure experiment plan for the simulated on-site, including the experimental type, experimental animals, experimental materials and equipment, determine the exposure dose, concentration gradient, exposure process control requirements, determine the control parameters for the animal exposure experiment, including the dilution air flow F-AIR and the total exhaust flow F-EXH of each exposure chamber, as well as other control parameters, and input them into the PLC controller together; S2-3 Connect each part Connect the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric exposure to toxicants, the aerosol generator, the real-time aerosol monitor and the auxiliary equipment respectively through a ventilation pipeline and electrically connect them to the PLC controller to form an experimental system capable of simulating a specific scenario and implementing the whole-body exposure experiment plan; Then steps S3-S4 are carried out to complete the rapid evaluation exposure experiment of various gas toxicities in the laboratory for simulating the on-site, realizing the dual use of the device and improving the utilization rate of the equipment.

[0087] In other embodiments, there is no need to specially prepare an external aerosol generator, a real-time aerosol monitor and other auxiliary equipment. Only the two portable cases, the exposure experiment unit, the experimental support unit and the experimental animals need to be carried to the on-site, and the atmospheric exposure experiment can be directly carried out.

[0088] During the operation of the device and method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, based on the calculation formula that the dilution air flow rate (F-AIR) and the exposure aerosol flow rate (F-AER) in each exposure chamber are equal to the total exhaust flow rate (F-EXH), by controlling F-EXH minus F-AIR, the exposure aerosol flow rate (F-AER) can be accurately controlled. Thus, the exposure dose and concentration can also be accurately controlled simultaneously (concentration = F-AER / (F-EXH)); the main operation control parameters are F-AIR and F-EXH flowing through each exposure chamber, which can be achieved through the cooperation of the dilution air mass flow controller 8 and the exhaust air mass flow controller 7. The flow rate control of both mass flow controllers is automatic high-precision control and automatic operation. Therefore, the device and method provided in each embodiment of the present invention can achieve automatic control of different gradient concentrations through precise control of the flow rate.

[0089] In addition, in the device and method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, components with long-term stability and high reliability (such as mass flow controllers, diaphragm vacuum pumps, etc.) are used, so that the failure rate of the device during portable disassembly, transportation, and use is very low; in order to ensure that the equipment can be quickly and stably operated in the first place to carry out on-site acute exposure experiments in special environments, modular design is adopted for each key electrical component, which can be quickly and easily disassembled and the spare parts can be conveniently replaced, thus jointly ensuring that the experimental device and method can be successfully carried out multiple times, at multiple time points, and in different sites in many places.

[0090] It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, within the scope of the structures, components, steps, process parameters, experimental conditions, applications, etc. recorded in the present invention, other different solutions obtained by specific selection can all achieve the technical effects recorded in the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not list them one by one.

[0091] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. All equivalent changes made according to the components, ratios, and processes of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric toxic exposure, characterized in that: It includes a main portable box (1) and an exposure experiment unit with a modular design and detachable connection, a secondary portable box (2) and an experiment support unit; The components of the exposure experiment unit are all arranged in a main portable box (1), including: Triple exposure chamber kit (5), air extraction filter (6), air extraction mass flow controller (7), dilution air mass flow controller (8), dilution air filter (9); The components of the experimental support unit are all arranged in the auxiliary portable box (2), including: A DC mobile power supply (10), a positive pressure air pump (11), and a negative pressure air pump (12); When in use, the main portable box (1) and the exposure experiment unit, the auxiliary portable box (2) and the experiment support unit are brought to the site at the same time, and the components are connected to each other via the gas connection pipe (24); The exposure experiment unit is provided with three exhaust filters (6), exhaust mass flow controllers (7), dilution air mass flow controllers (8), and dilution air filters (9), which are respectively connected to the positive pressure air pump (11), the negative pressure air pump (12), and the pipelines of each single exposure chamber in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) through the gas transmission connecting pipe (24), thereby forming a centrally symmetrically distributed triple-installed animal atmospheric poison exposure on-site synchronous experimental device, and directly conducting an atmospheric poison exposure experiment on the scene of an environmental event.

2. The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main portable case (1) comprises a square box-shaped main portable case body (1b) and a main portable case upper cover (1a) which are interlocked. The triple exposure chamber kit (5), the air extraction mass flow controller (7), the dilution air mass flow controller (8), the air extraction filter (6), and the dilution air filter (9) are embedded in a staggered manner in the main portable box body (1b); when the main portable box body (1b) and the main portable box upper cover (1a) are buckled together, the aforementioned components are all accommodated and fixed in the main portable box (1), and can be carried as a whole, and are convenient to take out and put in.

3. The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triple exposure chamber kit (5) comprises: a circular transparent upper cover (14), a cylindrical transparent outer shell (13), a transparent base (15), a trumpet-shaped top cover (16) of the exposure chamber, a single exposure chamber (27), an aerosol four-way distributor (19), an aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow (17), a concentration dilution gas introduction pipe (18) connecting each single exposure chamber, and a bottom exhaust gas discharge pipe (21); The overall appearance of the triple exposure cabin kit (5) is a cylindrical sealed box body with a hollow interior, a base at the bottom and an upper cover at the top, wherein the hollow interior portion is surrounded by a circular transparent upper cover (14), a cylindrical transparent outer shell (13) and a transparent base (15); within the space of the hollow interior portion, three cylindrical single exposure cabins (27) with the same diameter and height are arranged vertically in a centrally symmetrical manner, each single exposure cabin (27) is provided with an upper opening and a lower exhaust gas discharge through hole, and the internal spaces of the three single exposure cabins (27) are kept independent of each other, and the three single exposure cabins (27) together enclose the hollow interior portion of the triple exposure cabin kit (5). The space is evenly divided; the upper opening top of each single-link exposure chamber (27) is provided with an exposure chamber trumpet-shaped top cover (16) with an opening facing downward, the bottom surface of each exposure chamber trumpet-shaped top cover (16) is buckled with the top surface of the single-link exposure chamber (27), and the top of each exposure chamber trumpet-shaped top cover (16) is fixedly arranged on the inner side surface of the circular transparent upper cover (14); the top of the exposure chamber trumpet-shaped top cover (16) is also provided with an air inlet (22) leading to the single-link exposure chamber (27), the air inlet (22) passes through the circular transparent upper cover (14) and is connected to the aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow (17); The four-way aerosol distributor (19) is provided with an opening at the center of its circle, namely, the four-way distributor aerosol inlet (20), which serves as the total inlet of ambient air or aerosol; the four-way distributor aerosol inlet One end of the three aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbows (17) is connected to the four-way aerosol distributor (19), and the other end is connected to the through hole provided on the circular transparent upper cover (14) corresponding to the trumpet mouth position of each trumpet-shaped top cover (16), so as to connect the four-way aerosol distributor (19) with the trumpet-shaped top cover (16) of the exposure chamber and the internal space of the single-link exposure chamber (27), thereby forming three synchronous and independently operated exposure chamber pipelines; A concentration dilution gas introduction pipe (18) is provided on the middle section of the three aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbows (17). The concentration dilution gas introduction pipe (18) guides the concentration dilution gas entering each single-link exposure chamber (27) into the aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow (17), and then into each single-link exposure chamber (27) to adjust the exposure concentration in each single-link exposure chamber (27).

4. The on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic control unit, which includes a PLC controller. The PLC controller is electrically connected to an air extraction mass flow controller (7), a dilution air mass flow controller (8), a DC mobile power supply (10), a positive pressure air pump (11), and a negative pressure air pump (12), respectively, and realizes precise automatic control of aerosol exposure concentration by controlling the flow of the air extraction mass flow controller (7) and the dilution air mass flow controller (8) in each single-link exposure chamber pipeline; the PLC controller is integrated in the DC mobile power supply (10).

5. A method for on-site synchronous experimental exposure of animals to atmospheric toxicity, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of on-site synchronous experimental equipment: Carrying the main portable box (1) and the exposure experiment unit, the auxiliary portable box (2) and the experiment support unit of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric poison exposure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the experimental site; Open the upper covers of the main portable box (1) and the auxiliary portable box (2), take out the components of the exposure experiment unit and the experimental support unit, and then connect the components through the gas connection pipe (24) or connect them electrically through wires to form a triple-unit animal atmospheric poison exposure on-site synchronous experimental device; S2. Preparation for on-site synchronous animal exposure experiment: Determine the exposure experiment plan, including exposure dose, exposure process control, determine the control parameters of animal exposure experiment, and prepare experimental animals; S3. Conduct animal exposure experiments simultaneously on site: Divide the experimental animals into three groups of animals, place them into a single exposure chamber (27) of the triple-mounted animal atmospheric toxic exposure on-site synchronous experimental device, control the operating parameters of each part of the triple-mounted animal atmospheric toxic exposure on-site synchronous experimental device, and perform triple synchronous exposure process control until the required duration is reached; During the experiment, the independent single exposure chambers (27) in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) work independently of each other; Controlling the dilution air flow F-AIR and the exposure aerosol flow F-AER entering each single exposure chamber (27) by synchronously controlling the dilution air flow and the exhaust flow, thereby precisely adjusting the flow of the inhaled exposure gas, and synchronously realizing the simultaneous implementation of gradient exposure experiments at low, medium and high concentrations; S4. Storage of on-site synchronous experimental devices: After the experiment is over, the gas connection pipes (24) connecting the components are removed, and the components are returned to their original positions in the main portable box (1) and the auxiliary portable box (2). The upper covers of the main portable box (1) and the auxiliary portable box (2) are fastened, and then the components are safely and portable transported to the next experimental site, and steps S1-S4 are repeated to carry out a new animal exposure experiment.

6. The on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S1 includes the following steps: S1-1 Exposure experiment unit preparation: Open the main portable box (1), open the upper cover, and take out the components from the main portable box body, wherein the triple exposure chamber kit (5) is taken out as a whole; S1-2 Experimental support unit preparation: Open the upper cover of the auxiliary portable box (2), and take out the components from the auxiliary portable box body; S1-3 is a triple-unit synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric toxic exposure: Connecting the DC mobile power supply (10) to the positive pressure air pump (11), the negative pressure air pump (12), the suction air mass flow controller (7), and the dilution air mass flow controller (8) respectively; The air inlet (22) of each single exposure chamber (27) in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) is connected to the four-way aerosol distributor (19) and the concentration dilution gas introduction pipe (18) through the aerosol four-way distributor connecting elbow (17); the concentration dilution gas introduction pipe (18) is connected to the dilution air mass flow controller (8), the dilution air filter (9), and the positive pressure air pump (11) in sequence through the gas transmission connecting pipe (24) to form a closed air intake pipeline; The exhaust gas discharge pipe (21) at the bottom of each single exposure chamber (27) in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) is sequentially connected to the exhaust filter (6), the exhaust mass flow controller (7), and the negative pressure air pump (12) via the gas transmission connecting pipe (24) to form a closed exhaust pipeline; Connecting the four-way distributor aerosol inlet (20) in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) to the external field atmosphere to synchronously input the same concentration of field exposure gas into each single exposure chamber (27); After all the components are connected, there are three synchronous and independently operated exposure chamber air intake and exhaust passages centered on the single-link exposure chamber (27), forming a triple-link animal atmospheric poison exposure on-site synchronous experimental device; S1-4 Power on, sealing test: Power on each part and test the sealing performance of the air intake and exhaust passages of each independently operated exposed cabin.

7. The on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S2 includes the following steps: S2-1 Determine the exposure experiment plan: According to the experimental purpose, simulated scenario and expected results, determine the whole-body exposure experiment plan, including the experimental type, experimental animals, experimental materials and equipment, determine the exposure dose, concentration gradient, exposure process control requirements, and determine the control parameters of the animal exposure experiment, including the dilution air flow F-AIR and the total exhaust flow F-EXH of each exposure chamber; S2-2 Experimental supplies preparation: Prepare experimental animals and experimental materials; S2-3 connections: The various parts of the on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric poisoning exposure are connected by ventilation pipes to form an experimental system capable of executing the whole-body exposure poisoning experimental program on-site.

8. The on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric toxic exposure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: S3-1 According to the exposure experiment plan, the experimental animals were divided into three groups of animals, which were placed in a single exposure chamber (27) of the field synchronous experimental device for triple animal atmospheric toxic exposure; S3-2 Control the operating parameters of each part of the triple-mounted animal atmospheric poison exposure on-site synchronous experimental device, execute the exposure experiment plan, and conduct triple synchronous exposure process control until it lasts for the required duration; During the experiment, the independent single exposure chambers (27) in the triple exposure chamber kit (5) work independently of each other; According to the exposure measurement determined by the assessment, the concentration gradient requirements are achieved by controlling the dilution air flow rate during the exposure process; By synchronously and precisely adjusting the dilution air flow and exhaust flow in the air intake and exhaust passages of the three independently operated exposure chambers, the flow of the air sucked into the field is precisely controlled, and precise concentration dilution control is achieved. Gradient experiments with low, medium and high concentrations can be carried out simultaneously to improve the comparability of experimental data. S3-3 During the exposure experiment, regularly observe the survival status of the animals, observe the animal activity level and behavioral changes, and monitor physiological indicators; S3-4 conducts sample collection and analysis, evaluates and analyzes the experimental monitoring data obtained from the three groups of experimental animals and the collected samples, including respiratory system evaluation, systemic toxicity analysis, and particle clearance kinetics analysis, and outputs the corresponding analysis results.

9. An on-site synchronous experimental device for animal atmospheric pollution exposure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or an on-site synchronous experimental method for animal atmospheric pollution exposure as described in any one of claims 5 to 8, and its application in toxicity evaluation of atmospheric pollution exposure and rapid health risk assessment of atmospheric environmental pollution.

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